WO2007140861A2 - Dispositif médical d'électrodes - Google Patents

Dispositif médical d'électrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007140861A2
WO2007140861A2 PCT/EP2007/004357 EP2007004357W WO2007140861A2 WO 2007140861 A2 WO2007140861 A2 WO 2007140861A2 EP 2007004357 W EP2007004357 W EP 2007004357W WO 2007140861 A2 WO2007140861 A2 WO 2007140861A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
measuring
housing
signals
electrode device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/004357
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007140861A3 (fr
Inventor
Axel Kowalski
Paul Enck
Original Assignee
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen filed Critical Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
Publication of WO2007140861A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007140861A2/fr
Publication of WO2007140861A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007140861A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/22—Arrangements of medical sensors with cables or leads; Connectors or couplings specifically adapted for medical sensors
    • A61B2562/221—Arrangements of sensors with cables or leads, e.g. cable harnesses
    • A61B2562/222—Electrical cables or leads therefor, e.g. coaxial cables or ribbon cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrode device for measuring electrical signals, in particular electrical signals of a living body such as EEG signals, having a housing, on which an electrode made of an electrically conductive material is set so that the electrode with a measuring surface such as Head of a patient can be brought into contact.
  • Electrodes are well known and available, for example, via www.schwarzer.net. Voltage fluctuations on the head surface of patients can be recorded to measure brain electrical activity. This type of medical diagnosis is called EEG (electron encephalography). From the recorded data can be identified by diagnostically trained physicians certain patterns, such as alpha waves, etc.
  • EEG measurements take place due to the comparatively low usable signal amplitudes under electromagnetically as unproblematic conditions, for example in correspondingly shielded rooms, etc.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging A second way to get specific data about the brain is the so-called magnetic resonance imaging (hereafter referred to as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
  • MRI allows for the localization of brain areas where the level of neuronal activity changes during experimental conditions compared to a reference or control state
  • the EEG signals are superimposed with strong extraneous signals for this particular case. Because the MRI apparatus naturally generates relatively large static magnetic fields as well as fast alternating magnetic fields during sampling periods. The artifacts thus induced in the EEG signal must be extinguished or reduced by comparatively complex signal processing in order to extract the "real" EEG signals from the EEG recordings.
  • the noise amplitude in the EEG recordings can be greater by a factor of 1000 than the useful amplitude of the EEG recordings generated by the dipoles in the human brain.
  • a second electrode is provided, which is fixed to the housing and electrically insulated from the first electrode, wherein the second electrode does not come into contact with the measuring surface.
  • the electrode device according to the invention is thus designed as a double electrode, wherein the first electrode can be brought into contact with the measurement surface in order to record the useful electrical signals.
  • the second electrode is not directly connected to the measuring surface and therefore does not record the useful signal directly.
  • the electrode device according to the invention it is comparatively easily possible to provide measurement signals from which the useful signal can be extracted.
  • first connection means for the electrical connection of the first electrode to an evaluation device are fixed to the housing.
  • the measurement signal detected by the first electrode can be forwarded in a simple manner.
  • second connection means for the electrical connection of the second electrode to an evaluation device are preferably fixed to the housing.
  • the housing is designed overall cup-shaped.
  • the two electrodes can constructively comparatively easily accommodate, and also an electrical insulation of the electrodes against each other is easily feasible.
  • the first electrode is set freely accessible in the region of a cup opening of the housing.
  • the first electrode can be easily brought into contact with the measuring surface, either directly or indirectly via a conductive gel, as is well known.
  • the second electrode is fixed within the cup-shaped housing, preferably behind the first electrode, viewed from the cup opening.
  • the second electrode can be insulated from the first electrode, and the second electrode can be prevented from coming into contact with the measurement surface.
  • first and the second electrode are plate-shaped and aligned parallel to one another.
  • the interference signals recorded by the two electrodes are substantially identical, so that the useful signal can be more easily extracted from the measurement signal of the first electrode.
  • the first and second electrodes are electrically isolated from each other by an air gap.
  • the two electrodes are electrically insulated from one another by a solid state electrical insulator, such as a plastic block or the like.
  • the first and the second electrode are each connected to an electrical conductor, wherein the first and the second electrical conductor are each insulated and wherein the insulated conductors are twisted into a connecting cable.
  • the electrode device according to the invention is preferably used in a measuring arrangement for measuring electromagnetic signals of a living body, wherein the measuring arrangement has an evaluation device and an electrode device according to the invention, and wherein the evaluation device has a subtraction device in which a first measurement signal from the first electrode and a second measurement signal are subtracted from each other by the second electrode to obtain a resultant signal with less noise components.
  • the measuring arrangement preferably has an EEG measuring device for measuring electrical brainwaves by means of the electrode device according to the invention.
  • the measuring arrangement has a magnetic resonance tomograph for measuring magnetic resonance signals.
  • FIG. 1 shows a measuring arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view through an electrode device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as it is usable in the measuring arrangement of FIG. 1, for example.
  • a measuring arrangement for measuring electromagnetic signals of a living body is generally indicated at 10.
  • the measuring arrangement 10 is used to measure electromagnetic signals on a patient 12, which lies for example on a bed 14.
  • the measuring arrangement 10 is used for diagnostic purposes, in particular on the brain of the patient 12.
  • the measuring arrangement 10 has for this purpose, on the one hand, a magnetic resonance tomograph 16.
  • the magnetic resonance tomograph 16 is slidable relative to the patient 12, as shown schematically at 18.
  • the measuring arrangement 10 also has an EEG measuring device 20, by means of which electrical brain currents of the patient 12 can be measured.
  • the measuring arrangement 10 includes an evaluation device 22.
  • the evaluation device 22 is connected to the magnetic resonance tomograph 16 via a connecting line 23 indicated schematically, and receives MRI signals 24 via the connecting line 23.
  • a plurality of electrode devices 30 are attached to the head 28 of the patient 12, which are connected via connecting cable 32 to the evaluation device 22.
  • the evaluation device 22 receives via the connection cable 32 EEG signals 26th
  • FIG. 1 also shows that the evaluation device 22 has suitable displays for displaying the MRI signals 24 and the EEG signals 26.
  • the evaluation device 22 also has a schematically indicated subtraction device 34, in which measurement signals can be subtracted from each other.
  • the electrode devices 30 receive voltage fluctuations on the head surface that correspond to electrical brain currents.
  • the theory of EEG is well known and will not be explained here for reasons of a compact representation.
  • the magnetic resonance tomograph 16 which may be, for example, a 1.5 Tesla tomograph, a relatively problematic interference environment with respect to the EEG measuring device 20 is set up.
  • a switched gradient pulse of a scanner of the magnetic resonance tomograph 16 can induce considerable interference components in the EEG signals 26.
  • the interference component can be larger by a factor of 1000 than the amplitude of the actual EEG signals.
  • the electrode device 30 has a cup-shaped, for example, to an axis 41 substantially rotationally symmetrical housing 40.
  • the housing 40 has a lower opening 42.
  • the electrode device 30 is placed with the opening 42 on a measuring surface 44 (like the skin of a head 28 of a patient 12).
  • a first electrode 46 is fixed in the housing 40.
  • the first electrode 46 contacts the measurement surface 44 via an electrode gel 48, as is well known.
  • connection means 50 which in turn are connected to an electrical conductor 52. Via the electrical conductor 52, a measurement signal 53 of the first electrode 46 is guided to the evaluation device 22.
  • the electrode device 30 further includes a second electrode 54.
  • the second electrode 54 is formed in the same shape as the first electrode 46, as a substantially circular plate.
  • the two electrodes 46, 54 are parallel arranged to each other and separated by a solid-state insulator 56, for example in the form of plastic.
  • the housing 40 is preferably made of a non-conductive material, such as a plastic material.
  • the second electrode 54 is also connected to connection means 58, which in turn are connected to an electrical conductor 60. Essentially, a pure interference signal 61 is transmitted to the evaluation device 22 via the electrical conductor 60.
  • the second electrode 54 is disposed within the housing 40 so as not to contact the measurement surface 44. Therefore, the second electrode 54 also receives substantially no EEG signals from the measurement surface 44. However, due to the identical shape and arrangement of the second electrode 54, it receives substantially the same spurious signals as the first electrode 46, so that the second electrode 54 substantially dissipates a pure spurious signal 61.
  • the electrical conductors 52, 60 are preferably twisted together to form a connecting cable 32, as shown schematically in FIG.
  • the electrode devices 30 When using multiple electrode devices 30 for EEG measurement, as is common practice, it makes sense to reference the respective second electrodes 54 against a potential. It may also be advantageous to short-circuit the second electrodes 54 of all the electrode devices 30 with respect to each other. Since the electrode devices 30 are disposed substantially at the same location (head 28) with respect to the MRI scanner 16, they respectively record substantially the same interfering signal.
  • the electrode device 30 according to the invention can be used in particular in measuring arrangements 10 in which an MRI measurement is simultaneously performed takes place by means of a magnetic resonance tomograph 16.
  • the electrode device 30 can also be used in other environments, especially in other environments that are not electromagnetically shielded.
  • the electrode device 30 according to the invention is not suitable exclusively for the measurement of EEG signals 26. Also possible are EMG (electromyography) measurements as well as EGG (electro-gastrogram) measurements or other similar types of measurement.
  • the second electrode may possibly only detect the temporal course of an interference signal 61, so that the interference signal 61 can not be subtracted directly from the measurement signal 53.
  • known evaluation methods digital signal post-processing
  • the electrode device 30 according to the invention also for those measurements in which no or no significant disturbances occur.
  • the measurement signal 53 can be utilized, wherein the interference signal 61 and the second electrode 54 are not used.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'électrodes (30) servant à mesurer des signaux électriques (53, 61), en particulier les signaux électriques d'un corps vivant (12) comme les signaux EEG, avec un boîtier (40) auquel est fixée une électrode (46) en matériau électriquement conducteur de telle sorte que l'électrode (46) est mise en contact avec une surface de mesure (44). Selon l'invention, il est également prévu une seconde électrode (54) qui est fixée au boîtier (40) et est électriquement isolée de la première électrode (46), la seconde électrode (54) n'entrant pas en contact avec la surface de mesure (44).
PCT/EP2007/004357 2006-06-02 2007-05-16 Dispositif médical d'électrodes WO2007140861A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006026677A DE102006026677A1 (de) 2006-06-02 2006-06-02 Medizinische Elektrodenvorrichtung
DE102006026677.3 2006-06-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007140861A2 true WO2007140861A2 (fr) 2007-12-13
WO2007140861A3 WO2007140861A3 (fr) 2008-03-20

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DE (1) DE102006026677A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007140861A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106361329A (zh) * 2016-10-08 2017-02-01 科斗（苏州）脑机科技有限公司 一种可多次使用且低误差的脑电极

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015204207B4 (de) 2015-03-10 2018-09-27 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Elektrode zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Kontakts mit Haut

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3816190C1 (en) * 1988-05-11 1989-08-10 Dieter Von 8000 Muenchen De Zeppelin Scalp electrode
US6201981B1 (en) * 1997-06-04 2001-03-13 Nihon Kohden Corporation Electrode for measuring biomedical signal and electrode support device for measuring a biomedical signal
WO2002013689A2 (fr) * 2000-08-15 2002-02-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Procede et appareil de reduction de la contamination d'un signal electrique
WO2003073929A1 (fr) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-12 General Hospital Corporation Capteur d'electroencephalographie utilise avec l'imagerie par resonance magnetique et procede utilisant de tels agencements
US6708051B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2004-03-16 Compumedics Limited FMRI compatible electrode and electrode placement techniques
WO2005120339A1 (fr) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-22 Unilever Plc Appareil et procede de reduction d'interferences
US20060058694A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2006-03-16 Clark Terence D Electrodynamic sensors and applications thereof

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19817094A1 (de) * 1998-04-17 1999-10-21 Alexander Hoffmann Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Ableiten eines Elektroenzephalogramms im Kernspintomograph
US6266556B1 (en) * 1998-04-27 2001-07-24 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Inc. Method and apparatus for recording an electroencephalogram during transcranial magnetic stimulation
DE10353971B4 (de) * 2003-11-19 2009-07-02 Bernhard Gleich Biosignal-Meßsystem

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3816190C1 (en) * 1988-05-11 1989-08-10 Dieter Von 8000 Muenchen De Zeppelin Scalp electrode
US6201981B1 (en) * 1997-06-04 2001-03-13 Nihon Kohden Corporation Electrode for measuring biomedical signal and electrode support device for measuring a biomedical signal
US6708051B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2004-03-16 Compumedics Limited FMRI compatible electrode and electrode placement techniques
WO2002013689A2 (fr) * 2000-08-15 2002-02-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Procede et appareil de reduction de la contamination d'un signal electrique
US20060058694A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2006-03-16 Clark Terence D Electrodynamic sensors and applications thereof
WO2003073929A1 (fr) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-12 General Hospital Corporation Capteur d'electroencephalographie utilise avec l'imagerie par resonance magnetique et procede utilisant de tels agencements
WO2005120339A1 (fr) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-22 Unilever Plc Appareil et procede de reduction d'interferences

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106361329A (zh) * 2016-10-08 2017-02-01 科斗（苏州）脑机科技有限公司 一种可多次使用且低误差的脑电极

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006026677A1 (de) 2007-12-06
WO2007140861A3 (fr) 2008-03-20

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