WO2007140662A1 - Dérivés combrétastatine contenant une fonction fluoroalkyloxy, leur préparation et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Dérivés combrétastatine contenant une fonction fluoroalkyloxy, leur préparation et leur utilisation Download PDF

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WO2007140662A1
WO2007140662A1 PCT/CN2006/003149 CN2006003149W WO2007140662A1 WO 2007140662 A1 WO2007140662 A1 WO 2007140662A1 CN 2006003149 W CN2006003149 W CN 2006003149W WO 2007140662 A1 WO2007140662 A1 WO 2007140662A1
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fluorine
group
compound
chf
meta
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PCT/CN2006/003149
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Weiping Shen
Jianping Wang
Jianguo Wang
Hongmei Jin
Feng Qian
Fei Wang
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Zhejiang Dade Pharmaceutical Group Co.Ltd
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Priority to DE602006020787T priority Critical patent/DE602006020787D1/de
Priority to JP2009513532A priority patent/JP5100749B2/ja
Priority to DK06817879.7T priority patent/DK2025661T3/da
Priority to CA2660760A priority patent/CA2660760C/en
Priority to EP06817879A priority patent/EP2025661B1/en
Priority to US12/088,984 priority patent/US7786098B2/en
Priority to KR1020097000209A priority patent/KR101321960B1/ko
Priority to AU2006344313A priority patent/AU2006344313B8/en
Priority to AT06817879T priority patent/ATE501999T1/de
Publication of WO2007140662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007140662A1/zh

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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02Ethers
    • C07C43/20Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C43/225Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing halogen
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C217/00Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C217/78Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C217/80Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C217/82Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C217/84Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
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    • A61P19/02Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/20Antivirals for DNA viruses
    • A61P31/22Antivirals for DNA viruses for herpes viruses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00Antiparasitic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/04Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/20Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02Ethers
    • C07C43/20Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C43/23Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/08Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • C07F9/09Esters of phosphoric acids
    • C07F9/12Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of drug synthesis, in particular to the synthesis of anticancer drugs. Background technique
  • Cancer is currently one of the diseases with the highest incidence of disease and the highest mortality rate in the world. Cancer is a serious threat to human survival and health. Conquering cancer is a global problem. In the early 1970s, because people knew nothing about the causes of cancer, scientists had to blindly search for drugs to treat cancer. In 1966, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a chemical drug screening program to test thousands of chemicals known to treat cancer. The screening results were combined with drugs developed by other anti-cancer programs, including aminomethylfolate, cyclophosphamide, siberia, fluorouracil, and paclitaxel. Although these drugs can alleviate the condition of the tumor, continuous medication usually leads to extremely serious "multi-drug resistance", so that the continued use of the drug is not too effective. Worse, the tumor eventually developed resistance and could no longer be treated.
  • the survival of the tumor depends on the formation of new blood vessels, 2) the tumor can actively stimulate the formation of this blood vessel, 3) the tumor can secrete a substance to induce the blood vessels to grow toward them, and can grow Branch out.
  • the growth of solid tumors depends on the number of cells, tumor cells and tumor vascular endothelial cells. The two are interdependent, and the increase or decrease of any one cell group will inevitably lead to the corresponding increase and decrease of another cell population. Therefore, drugs that inhibit the growth of any type of cells have tumor therapeutic effects.
  • the former is a cytotoxic drug-based tumor chemotherapy, and the latter is a recently-recognized anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy.
  • Solid tumor growth and metastasis are dependent on angiogenesis, a hypothesis put forward by Dr. Folkman in the early 1970s. He believes that if tumor angiogenesis is inhibited, tumor cells can partially die due to ischemia and hypoxia. , thereby delaying tumor growth and inhibiting tumor metastasis. It has now been shown that tumor growth must depend on the formation of blood vessels. Tumors with a volume below 1 2 mm 3 can obtain nutrients from surrounding tissues by osmosis to maintain their own survival. At this time, the tumor grows very slowly because its further growth must depend on the new blood vessels to obtain a sufficient nutrient supply.
  • Tumor angiogenesis includes steps such as degradation of capillary basement membrane, migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, formation of tubular structure, formation of basement membrane, and blood flow through. This process is affected by both neuroendocrine factors and tumor cells and tumor stromal cells. Expression of growth factors regulated.
  • Tumor anti-angiogenic therapy which is applied to almost the same vascular endothelial cells in different tumor tissues, has no significant difference compared with normal endothelial cells except that the proliferation rate of the tumor vascular endothelial cells is faster.
  • Normal endothelial cells have a long life span and a stable genotype.
  • endothelial cells are one of the longest-lived cells in the body. The endothelial cells present on the wall of adult blood vessels were only about 0.01% in the same time, and the proliferation rate of tumor vascular endothelial cells was about 50 times higher than that of normal tissues. Therefore, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors has a relatively specific effect on tumor blood vessels, but does not significantly affect blood vessels in normal tissues.
  • angiogenesis inhibitors Compared with chemotherapy that directly kills tumor cells, angiogenesis inhibitors have obvious advantages in anti-tumor.
  • angiogenesis has been initiated, so it has good specificity; the effect is significant, the drug acts directly on vascular endothelial cells, and blocking a single blood vessel can cause tens of thousands of cancer cells to die of oxygen deficiency.
  • Related studies have shown that after two hours of administration, 99% of cancer cells in the ischemic area die extensively.
  • the drug can directly play a role, does not directly kill the cancer cells, but only changes the shape or growth rate of the cells, and the dose is small, only a few tenths of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).
  • MTD maximum tolerated dose
  • endothelial cell gene expression is relatively stable and is not susceptible to drug resistance. Tumor vascular endothelial cells proliferate several times faster than normal tissues. Angiogenesis inhibitors have a selective effect on rapidly proliferating tumor vascular endothelium, and have minimal side effects on normal tissues, and have great advantages.
  • the Combretastaceae plant is a kind of shrubs and trees distributed in the tropics and subtropics, which has important medical application value.
  • the National Cancer Institute found that this plant had a high inhibitory effect on mouse P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Since the 1980s, research on this plant has attracted wide interest.
  • G. Robert Pettit the chemist of the University of Arizona Cancer Research Institute, and four colleagues extracted Combretastatins from a South African tree named "Combretum caffrum”.
  • Combretastatin A-1 and A-4 are the most potent inhibitors of tubulin growth in this class so far (US 5). , 561, 122; W0 9935150).
  • CA-4 Although the discovery time of Combretastatins is not long, it has attracted extensive research interest. This is not only because they have high antitumor activity, but they are also a relatively simple structure of small molecule natural products that inhibit microtubule polymerization and block tumor neovascularization.
  • the mechanism of action of CA-4 showed that the A and B rings act on two separate sites on the ⁇ and ⁇ chains of tubulin, respectively, causing apoptosis of tumor vascular endothelial cells.
  • CA-4 attacks tumors by inhibiting tubulin agglomeration to further destroy tumors, which provide oxygen and nutrients necessary for tumor growth.
  • CA-4 is able to enter endothelial cells of cancer cells.
  • endothelial cells are immature and are highly susceptible to CA-4 challenge compared to other normal somatic cells.
  • CA-4 Once CA-4 enters the interior of endothelial cells, the structure of endothelial cells is destroyed by CA-4, and its external morphology changes from the original flat state to the ellipsoid state, effectively blocking the new capillary providing tumor cell nutrients.
  • the blood vessels cause a large area of ischemic necrosis at the tumor site, which eventually leads to apoptosis of cancer cells. From the past experimental and clinical observations, traditional anticancer drugs in these areas have no way to enter. This theory was confirmed in Phase I clinical trials of CA-4.
  • CA-4 can also treat other vascular proliferative diseases, including diabetic proliferative retinopathy, psoriasis, arthritis and other diseases, which have an enhanced effect on immune function and have a good effect in treating AIDS (W0 02058535: US 6773702).
  • T/CN2006/003149 Recently, CA-4, as a tumor vascular targeting agent, has been shown to block the excellent properties of tumor blood vessels (Thorpe PE. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jan 15, 10 (2): 415-27; West CM, Price P. Anticancer Drugs.
  • S. p. A. has studied the fluorine-substituted Corabretastatin, which introduces a fluorine atom on its double-bond bridge (W0 2005/007603 A2), but its activity is not significantly different from CA-4. .
  • the present invention is directed to a fluorine-containing alkoxyprecipitin derivative having the structure of Formula I.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I.
  • a fourth object of the invention is to provide a pharmaceutical use of a compound of formula I.
  • R f is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and having 1 to 17 fluorine atoms
  • R is an amino group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a halogen, a decyloxy group, a phosphate or an amino acid side chain, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • R f - CF, - CHF 2 , - C. F 2n+1 , - CH 2 C TrustF 2n+1 , - CHFCconsF 2n+l or - CH 2 CHFC n F 2 till +1 , n represents an integer of 1-3.
  • said R f and R are selected from the group consisting of:
  • R f is a fluorine-containing methyl group, and R is a hydroxyl group.
  • R f is a fluorine-containing methyl group, and R is an amino group or a substituted amino group.
  • R f is a fluorine-containing methyl group
  • R is a disodium phosphate salt or an ammonium phosphate salt or a phosphorylcholine internal salt
  • Rf is a fluorine-containing methyl group
  • R is -NH (C0CHR' NH m - H, R' is hydrogen, a natural amino acid side chain, a phenyl group, and m represents an integer of 1-3.
  • said R f and R are selected from the group consisting of:
  • R f is a fluorine-containing ethyl group, and R is a hydroxyl group.
  • R f is a fluorine-containing ethyl group, and R is an amino group or a substituted amino group.
  • R f is a fluorine-containing ethyl group, and R is a disodium phosphate salt or an ammonium phosphate salt or a phosphorylcholine internal salt.
  • R f is a fluorine-containing ethyl group
  • R is -NH (C0CHR' NH) argue- H
  • R′ is hydrogen, a natural amino acid side chain, a phenyl group
  • m represents an integer of 1-3.
  • said R f and R are selected from the group consisting of:
  • R f -CHF 2
  • R - NH 2
  • R f -CHF 2
  • R -NHC0CH (NH 2 ) CH 2 0H.
  • R f -CH 2 CF 3
  • R - 0P0 3 Na 2 .
  • R f -CH 2 CF 3
  • R - NH 2 .
  • R f -CH 2 CF 3
  • R _NHC0CH (NH 2 ) CH 2 0H.
  • a fluorine-containing reagent is used to carry out a fluorine-containing alkylation reaction to form a m-methoxy-p-fluorenyloxybenzaldehyde V;
  • the fluorine-containing reagent is a fluorine-containing halogenated methane or a sulfonic acid fluoroalkyl ester.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is selected from the group consisting of lyophilized powders, powders, granules, tablets, capsules, syrups, suppositories, injections, emulsions, elixirs, suspensions, solutions, and intravenous injections. Or oral administration.
  • a compound of formula I for the preparation of a tubulin aggregation inhibitor.
  • a compound of formula I for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease caused by abnormal neovascularization.
  • the compound of formula I is useful for the treatment of growth and metastasis of various tumors caused by abnormal neovascularization, including: lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, bone. Cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland cancer, sebaceous gland cancer, papillary Cancer, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystic adenocarcinoma, cystic carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, osteoblastic carcinoma, epithelial cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, spermatogonia, Wilms cancer, gum Pleural cell carcinoma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngiom
  • the compound of formula I is useful for the treatment of various related diseases caused by abnormal neovascularization, mainly including: rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, precocious retinopathy, retina Venous occlusion, psoriasis, rosacea, Kaposi's sarcoma, specific reactive keratitis, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, neovascular glaucoma, bacterial ulcer, fungal ulcer, herpes simplex infection, herpes zoster infection, native Animal infection, mycobacterial infection, polyarteritis, sarcoidosis, scleritis, flushing, dry mouth, arthritis syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, AIDS syndrome, syphilis.
  • rheumatoid arthritis mainly including: rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, precocious retinopathy, retina Venous occlusion, psori
  • the present invention provides a novel derivative of a compound of the type of Combretastatins, which has a further improved biological activity.
  • Figure 1 Synthetic route for fluorine-containing methoxyprecipitate.
  • Figure 2 Synthetic route for fluorinated ethoxycomm.
  • Figure 3 Synthetic route of a fluorine-containing methoxyprecipitate amino acid derivative.
  • Figure 4 Synthetic route of a fluorine-containing ethoxycommidine amino acid derivative.
  • PTC denotes a phase-transfer catalyst
  • Cat. denotes a catalyst
  • Wittig reaction denotes a Wittig reaction
  • Ph 2 PLi represents lithium diphenylphosphine
  • THF represents tetrahydrofuran
  • TFA represents trifluoroacetic acid
  • iPr 2 EtN represents diisopropylethylamine
  • (PhCH 2 0) 2 P (0) H represents dibenzyl phosphite
  • Fmoc-Ser (Ac) represents ⁇ - ⁇ -9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylserine derivative
  • DCC represents cyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • HOBt represents 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
  • DMF represents dimethylformamide
  • Aq. HCl means dilute hydrochloric acid
  • aq. NaOH means dilute sodium hydroxide
  • HC1 means concentrated hydrochloric acid, cone.
  • HN0 3 means concentrated nitric acid.
  • the inventors unexpectedly discovered that the B-aromatic 4' alkoxy group of the natural product Combretastatin is an active site, and the fluorine-containing alkoxy group is introduced at the 4' position of the B-aryl ring. It can increase its targeting activity to tumor blood vessels.
  • the synthesis of the above compound was carried out by using a selective demethylation reaction of lithium diphenylphosphine to successfully introduce a fluorine-containing fluorenyloxy group at the 4' position of the B aryl ring.
  • a Combretastatin derivative is a compound of formula II.
  • Combretastatin B is introduced into the 4' position of the aromatic ring containing a fluorine-containing oxime group, and the structure is as in Formula I: Wherein R f is a fluorenyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and having 1 to 17 fluorine atoms;
  • R is an amino group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a halogen, a decyloxy group, a phosphate or an amino acid side chain, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • R f -CH 2 F, - CHF 2 , - C n F 2n + l , - CH 2 C frustrationF 2n+1 , -CHFC n F 2n+1 or - CH 2 CHFC n F 2n+ 1 , n indicates
  • the fluorine-containing alkoxy Compril derivative provided by the present invention may form a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt with an inorganic base such as potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide, and an organic base such as fat.
  • an inorganic base such as potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide
  • an organic base such as fat.
  • Aminamines such as triethylamine
  • alcoholamines such as ethanolamine
  • amino acids such as histidine
  • aminoglycosides such as neomycin
  • the fluorine-containing fluorenyl copperidine derivative provided by the invention can form a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt with an inorganic acid or an organic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, organic acid such as oxalic acid, rich Horse acid, maleic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and glutamic acid.
  • an inorganic acid or an organic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid
  • organic acid such as oxalic acid, rich Horse acid, maleic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and glutamic acid.
  • the present invention performs a fluorine-containing alkylation reaction under phase transfer catalysis; and a selective demethylation reaction with lithium diphenylphosphine to prepare a series of novel fluorine-containing fluorenyloxybenzaldehyde derivatives. Then, using these new fluoroalkoxybenzaldehyde derivatives as raw materials, the synthesis process of nitration, reduction, hydroxyl protection, Wittig reaction, deprotection, phosphating, amino acidization, etc. is optimized, and a series of fluorine-containing alkoxylates are prepared. Kiberetastatin derivative.
  • the fluorine-containing alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing alkyl halide fluoroalkyl ester, preferably Freon (F22) or a fluorine-containing alkyl p-toluenesulfonate.
  • the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of: one or more of hydroxides and carbonates, Select potassium hydroxide or / and potassium carbonate;
  • the phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) is selected from the group consisting of: quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt, crown ether, polyethylene glycol (PEG), preferably benzyl three Ethyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAB), 18-crown-6, diphenyl 18-crown-6, dicyclohexyl 18-crown-6 crown ether or PEG-400.
  • the aldehyde group is used to protect the 4-fluorinated methoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid V, and then the diphenylphosphine lithium is used as the selective demethylating agent of the 3-position methoxy group.
  • the methoxy group is converted to a hydroxy group to give 4-fluoroalkoxy-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde VI.
  • the fluorine-containing fluorenyloxybenzaldehyde VII is subjected to meta-nitration with concentrated nitric acid under the condition of acetic anhydride as a solvent to obtain a meta-nitro-substituted p-fluoroalkoxybenzaldehyde VIII.
  • 4-Fluoroalkoxy-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde VI is reacted with trityl chloride under the catalysis of an organic base to obtain a 3-hydroxy protected fluoroalkoxybenzaldehyde derivative.
  • the 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyltriphenyl bromide is converted into the corresponding phosphine ylide by the action of n-butyllithium, and the above 3-hydroxyl-protected fluorine-containing decyloxybenzaldehyde derivative is subjected to Wittig.
  • 4-fluorofluorooxy-3-nitrobenzoquinone I undergoes a Wittig reaction with the above phosphine ylide to form a fluorine-containing alkoxyprecipitin derivative X having a nitro group at the 3' position.
  • the hydroxyl group at the 3' position of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing alkoxyprecipitin derivative IX is subjected to carbon tetrachloride, diisopropylethylamine, dibenzyl phosphite, trimethyl group.
  • the action of bromosilane and sodium methoxide is converted into a disodium phosphate salt to form a fluorine-containing oxime-based compatile phosphate XI.
  • the 3,-position nitro group of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing methoxy-kampronic derivative X is reduced to an amino group by a reducing agent, and the reducing agent is preferably stannous chloride or zinc powder/acetic acid. Or sodium thiosulfate.
  • the reducing agent is preferably stannous chloride or zinc powder/acetic acid. Or sodium thiosulfate.
  • AminocAA N- ⁇ -9-mercaptomethoxycarbonyl amino acid derivatives
  • DCC cyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I is from 0.1 to 99% (w/w) of the composition, in a form of a composition, in a therapeutically effective amount.
  • the compositions of the invention may exist in a variety of dosage forms.
  • the dosage form may be in the form of a lyophilized powder, a granule, a powder, a tablet, a capsule, a syrup, a suppository, an injection, an emulsion, an elixir, a suspension, a solution, or an oral administration.
  • a lyophilized powder may be used, and a solution prepared by using physiological saline or a glucose solution may be used for intravenous infusion.
  • tablets, troches, capsules, pills, powders, granules, pastes, suspensions, emulsions or solutions may be employed.
  • the effective dose of the active ingredient employed will vary with the mode of administration and the severity of the condition being treated. However, usually, when the compound of the present invention is administered at a dose of about 0.5 to 500 mg/kg of animal body weight per day, a satisfactory effect can be obtained, preferably administered in 2-4 divided doses per day, or in a gentle manner. Release form of administration. For most large mammals, the total daily dose is about 1-100 mg.
  • a dosage form suitable for internal administration comprising from about 0.5 to 500 mg of the active compound in admixture with a solid or liquid pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. This dosage regimen can be adjusted to provide the optimal therapeutic response. For example, several separate doses may be administered per day, or the dose may be proportionally reduced, as is critical to the condition of the treatment. In general, a suitable clinical dose for oral administration per day for adults is selected from the range of l-1000 mg, preferably 10-200 mg, and the daily dose for non-oral administration of adults is 0.1-100 mg, preferably 1-100 mg.
  • composition of the present invention which is prepared by the above method, is used as a blood vessel-targeted drug, and can be administered intravenously or orally.
  • the dosage of the drug varies depending on the degree of development of the disease, and adults usually have between 1 and 3000 mg.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered orally and intravenously.
  • Solid carriers include: starch, lactose, calcium hydrogen phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, and kaolin, while liquid carriers include: sterile water, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, nonionic surfactants, and edible oils (eg, Corn oil, peanut oil and sesame oil) are suitable for the characteristics of the active ingredient and the particular mode of administration desired.
  • Adjuvants commonly used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions may also be advantageously included, for example, flavoring agents, coloring agents, preservatives, and antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, BHT, and BHA.
  • intravenous injection includes intraperitoneal injection and infusion of infusion, using a lyophilized powder, a solution formulated with physiological saline or dextrose solution.
  • lyophilized powders are prepared by a conventional method in the art.
  • the fluorine-containing oxime conjugated derivative of the present invention is formulated into an oral preparation, including tablets and capsules.
  • the dosage form may be prepared by mixing an effective component with at least one additive, including an excipient, a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a colorant, a flavoring agent, etc., and forming the resulting mixture.
  • Dosage forms such as powders, granules, tablets, coated tablets, pills, capsules, and the like.
  • Excipients include one or more of lactose, corn starch, sugars, glucose, sorbitol, and crystalline cellulose.
  • the binder includes polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, gum arabic, tragacanth, gelatin, shellac, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone Or a variety.
  • the disintegrating agent includes one or more of starch, agar, gel powder, crystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, calcium citrate, cyclodextrin, and pectin.
  • the lubricant includes one or more of magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica, and hardened vegetable oil.
  • the colorant includes a pigment that is allowed to be added to the drug.
  • Flavoring agents include cocoa powder, menthol, peppermint oil, refined borneol, and cinnamon. These tablets and granules may be coated with sucrose, gelatin or the like, if necessary. Generally these dosage forms may contain additional additives, including inert diluents, preservatives such as parabens, sorbic acid, antioxidants such as vitamins (:, alpha-tocopherol and cysteine, decomposers, bonding Agents, thickeners, buffers, sweeteners, flavorings and fragrances. Tablets and pills can also be coated with casings. Oral liquid dosage forms include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, syrups, elixirs, suspensions and solutions, which may contain A commonly used inert diluent such as water.
  • 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 62. 5 g (0.41 mol.) was used instead of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde to obtain 4-difluoromethoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde ( 117 ⁇ 120°C/10 mmHg).
  • the yield was 93%.
  • Step 2 50 g (0.2 mol) of the above acetal was added portionwise in 200 ml of a 1.28 M lithium diphenylphosphine tetrahydrofuran solution. Stir at room temperature for 3-4 hours, TLC tracking. The reaction was stopped by adding water, and 200 ml of a 30% sodium hydroxide solution was added, followed by extraction with 300 ml of diethyl ether. The aqueous layer is acidified with hydrochloric acid under cooling to adjust the pH to about 3 - 4. The extract was then extracted with EtOAc (EtOAc)EtOAc.
  • EtOAc EtOAc
  • Step 1 Under an argon atmosphere, add 12.5 g (0.066 mol.) of 4-difluoromethoxy-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 21. lg (0.076 mol.) of trityl chloride, and dry 42 ml to 500 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Stir well at room temperature in a neck flask. Then, 1.3 ml of triethylamine was slowly added dropwise. Stirring was continued for 1 hour after the completion of the dropwise addition, and TLC was followed. After completion of the reaction, 50 ml of water was added to terminate. After stirring for 30 minutes, 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added to dissolve the flocculent precipitate.
  • Step 2 under argon protection, 15 g (28.7 ⁇ ol.) of trimethoxyphenylmethylenetriphenyl bromide was suspended in 30 ml of THF and cooled to about -15 °C. 22 ml of a 1.6 mol/L n-butyllithium cyclohexane solution was added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour. 12.5 g (29 lb.) of the aldehyde obtained above was dissolved in 24 rpm of THF and slowly added dropwise to the reaction. TLC was followed, stirred overnight and the reaction temperature was allowed to rise to room temperature.
  • Step 3 10 g (16.8 ⁇ ol.) of the above Wittig reaction product was taken at room temperature, and dissolved in 20 ml of toluene. Then, 4 ml of 37% HCl was added dropwise, followed by TLC. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was stopped by adding water. The reaction system was cooled to 0 ° C - 5 ° C. Recrystallization under stirring. The white crystals were filtered out to be 5.6 g, yield 95%. -Li R (ppm) ⁇ :
  • the structure is as follows:
  • Step 1 Under argon atmosphere, 15 g (28.7 ⁇ ol.) of trimethoxyphenylmethylenetriphenyl bromide was suspended in 30 ml of THF and cooled to about -15 Torr. 22 ml of a 1.6 mol/L n-butyllithium cyclohexane solution was added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour. 6.3 g (29 mmol.) of 4-difluoromethoxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 24 ml of THF and slowly added dropwise to the reaction. TLC was followed, stirred overnight and the reaction temperature was allowed to rise to room temperature.
  • Step 2 taking (Z)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-(3'-nitro-4'-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-ethylene 4.1 g (10.8 ⁇ ol.) Dissolved in 10 ml of a mixed solvent of acetone-water (V/V, 2:1), heated to 50 ° C, and dissolved by stirring. Then, 18.8 g of sodium thiosulfate was added, and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 6 hours, and the TLC plate was followed. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml), and the organic layer was combined with brine.
  • the amino-substituted stilbene derivative is subjected to a coupling reaction with an amino group via a ⁇ - ⁇ - 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl serine derivative (FmocAA). It is then deprotected to form an amino acid prodrug.
  • FmocAA ⁇ - ⁇ - 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl serine derivative
  • the SRB method was used to evaluate its inhibitory effect on tumor proliferation and compared with CA-4.
  • Cell line H460: human lung cancer cell
  • SGC7901 human gastric cancer cell
  • HT-29 human colon cancer cell
  • Bel-7402 human liver cancer cell.
  • Inhibition rate (%) (control group 0D value - medication 0D value) / control group 0D value X 100%
  • Combretastatin A-4 is quite.
  • the fluorine-containing ethoxycommide derivative is 3 to 30 times more active than CA-4.
  • human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used as the object of action, and the fluorine-containing alkoxy group was investigated.

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Description

P T/CN2006/003149 含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物及制法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及药物合成领域, 尤其涉及抗癌药物的合成。 背景技术
癌症是目前世界上得病率最高、 死亡率最高的疾病之一。 癌症极为严重地威胁着 人类的生存健康, 攻克癌症是全球面临的一项难题。 在上个世纪 70年代早期, 由于人 们对癌症的成因一无所知, 科学家只好盲目的寻找治疗癌症的药物。 1966年, 美国国 家癌症研究所开始赞助的化学药物筛选计划, 逐一测试成千上万种已知可能治疗癌症 的化学药品。 这项筛选结果加上其他抗癌计划所开发出来的药物, 包括氨基甲基叶酸、 环磷酰胺, 西伯拉丁、 氟脲嘧啶、 紫杉醇等。 这些药物虽然能减轻肿瘤的病况, 但是 持续用药通常会导致极严重的 "多重药物抗药性" , 使得继续用药也没有太大的疗效。 更糟的是肿瘤最后发展出抗药性, 再也无法治疗。
1971 年美国福克曼(Folkman)博士最早提出血管新生理论(Angiogenesis
Theory) , 大胆作出如下设想: 1)肿瘤的生存需要依靠新生血管的生成, 2)肿瘤能够主 动刺激这种血管的生成, 3)肿瘤能够分泌某种物质诱使血管朝它们生长, 并能生长出 分枝。 实体瘤的生长取决于肿瘤细胞和肿瘤血管内皮细胞这两类细胞的数量, 两者相 互依存, 任何一种细胞群的增减必然会导致另一类细胞群的相应增减。 因此, 抑制任 何一类细胞生长的药物都具有肿瘤治疗作用, 前者是以细胞毒药物为主的肿瘤化学治 疗, 后者是最近倍受关注的抗肿瘤血管生成疗法。 实体瘤生长和转移依赖于血管生成, 这是 20世纪 70年代初美国福克曼(Folkman)博士提出的设想, 他认为如果抑制肿瘤血 管生成, 可使肿瘤细胞因缺血、 缺氧而部分死亡, 从而延缓肿瘤生长和抑制肿瘤转移。 目前巳经证明, 肿瘤的生长必须依赖于血管的生成。 体积在 1- 2mm3以下的瘤体可通过 渗透作用从周围组织中获得营养, 以维持自身的生存。 这时肿瘤生长极为缓慢, 因为 它的进一步生长必须依赖于新生血管以获得充分的营养供应。 肿瘤血管生成包含毛细 血管基底膜降解、 血管内皮细胞迁移增殖、 形成管状结构、 基底膜形成、 血流贯通等 步骤, 这一过程既受机体神经内分泌因素等影响, 又受肿瘤细胞和肿瘤基质细胞表达 的生长因子调控。
肿瘤抗血管生成疗法, 作用对象是不同肿瘤组织中几乎相同的血管内皮细胞, 这 种肿瘤血管内皮细胞除分裂增殖速度较快之外, 与正常内皮细胞相比并无明显差别。 正常内皮细胞寿命较长, 基因型稳定。 除了神经细胞以外, 内皮细胞是体内寿命最长 的细胞之一。存在于成年血管壁上的内皮细胞, 同一时间内只有 0. 01%左右处于分裂状 态, 肿瘤血管内皮细胞增殖速度较正常组织中的内皮细胞增殖速度大约高 50倍以上。 因此使用血管抑制因子对肿瘤血管有相对特异性作用, 而对正常组织内的血管不会造 成明显影响。 同直接杀伤肿瘤细胞的化学治疗相比, 血管生成抑制剂抗肿瘤具有明显 优势。 第一, 肿瘤发生时, 血管生成已被启动, 故具有良好的特异性; 疗效显著, 药 物直接作用于血管内皮细胞, 只要阻断单一的血管就可以引起成千上万的癌细胞缺氧 死亡,相关研究表明给药两小时以后就会引起缺血部位 99%的癌细胞大面积死亡。第二, 血管内皮细胞暴露于血流中, 药物能直接发挥作用, 不直接杀死癌细胞, 只是改变细 胞的形状或生长速度, 剂量小, 仅仅为最大耐受量 (MTD)的几十分之一, 而且由于用药 量少疗效高, 没有放疗和化疗等治疗方案带来的不良反应。 第三, 内皮细胞基因表达 相对稳定, 不易产生耐药性。 肿瘤血管内皮细胞的增殖速度较正常组织快几十倍, 血 管生成抑制剂对快速增殖的肿瘤血管内皮有选择性作用, 对正常组织副作用极小, 具 有很大的优越性。
使君子科(Combretastaceae)植物是一类分布于热带和亚热带的灌木和树木,具有 十分重要的医学应用价值。 已知风车藤(Combretum)属的植物中有 25种。 它们在非洲 和印度被用于治疗麻风和癌症等。 70年代末,美国国家癌症研究所在广筛中发现这种植 物对小鼠 P388淋巴白血病细胞具有很高的抑制作用。 80年代开始,对这种植物的研究 引起了广泛的兴趣。 这一时期, 美国亚利桑纳大学癌症研究所所长, 化学家皮特 *乔 治教授(G. Robert Pettit)和四位同事从学名为 " Combretum caffrum" 的南非树种中 提取 Combretastatins, 这种树以前 "曾被祖鲁人当成退敌的咒符",皮特教授在 《加 拿大化学期刊》 中写道, 树根的外皮确实具有抗癌效果。 以后不仅有大量的高活性的 化合物被分离、 鉴定出来,而且对其药理作用机制和结构修饰工作也在不断深入。 由佩 提特小组最先开展这方面的工作。 对 combretum属植物进行深入研究, 提纯出一系列 抗癌活性的菲, 芪和二苄苯的衍生物。 其中 Combretastatin A-1和 A-4 (简写为 CA - 1 和 CA-4, 结构式见通式 II)是目前为止, 所知的此类化合物中作用最强的微管蛋白生 长抑制剂(US 5, 561, 122; W0 9935150)。
Figure imgf000004_0001
虽然 Combretastatins类化合物的发现时间不长,但是却引起广泛的研究兴趣。这 不仅是因为它们具有较高的抗肿瘤活性,而且它们是一类结构较为简单的抑制微管聚 合和阻断肿瘤新生血管的小分子天然产物。 CA- 4的作用机制研究表明, A环和 B环分别 作用于微管蛋白的 α 和 β 链上的两个相离的位点, 从而引起肿瘤血管内皮细胞的凋 亡。 CA- 4通过抑制微管蛋白集聚来进攻新生血管进一步消灭肿瘤, 这种新生血管可提 供肿瘤生长所必需的氧气和营养物质。
CA - 4能够进入癌细胞的内皮细胞。 在肿瘤内部, 内皮细胞是发育不成熟的, 相对 与其他的正常体细胞而言很容易受到 CA-4的激发。 一旦 CA- 4进入内皮细胞内部, 内 皮细胞的结构就受到 CA- 4的破坏, 其外部形态发生变化, 由原来的扁平状态变成椭球 状态, 从而有效地堵塞了提供肿瘤细胞养分的新生毛细血管, 导致肿瘤部位大面积的 缺血性坏死, 最终导致癌细胞的凋亡。 从以往的实验和临床来看这些部位传统的抗癌 药物根本没有办法进入。 这一理论在 CA- 4的 I期临床实验中得到证实。 对于各个不同 的肿瘤患者通过 CA- 4的治疗, 4-6小时之内, 他们的肿瘤附近的血流量明显减少。 95°/。 以上的癌细胞坏死。 CA-4还可以治疗其它血管增生性疾病, 包括糖尿病型增生性视网 膜病变, 银屑病, 关节炎等疾病, 对免疫功能有增强的作用, 在治疗艾滋病方面有良 好的效果(W0 02058535: US 6773702)。 T/CN2006/003149 最近, 由于 CA-4 作为肿瘤血管靶向试剂, 显示出其阻断肿瘤血管的优良特性 (Thorpe PE. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jan 15, 10 (2) : 415-27 ; West CM, Price P. Anticancer Drugs. 2004 Mar, 15 (3) : 179-87; Young SL, Chaplin DJ. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 Sep, 13 (9) : 1171- 82. )因此对类似 CA-4的新衍生物的研发, 成为这一领域的热点研究目标。 如 Oxigene, Inc.公司研发的功能性二苯乙烯衍生物 CA-1和 CA- 4的类似物(US 6, 919, 324)。
本领域技术人员了解, 在生物活性分子中引入氟会影响该分子的活性, 但并不能 确定是增加其活性还是减少其活性。
如 SIGMA-TAU INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE S. p. A.公司研究了含氟取代的 Corabretastatin, 在其双键桥上引入氟原子(W0 2005/007603 A2), 但其活性与 CA-4 没有大的区别。
因此, 本领域迫切需要寻找 Combretastatins类化合物的新的衍生物, 其生物活 性能有进一步的提高。 发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物, 其结构如通式 I。
本发明的另一个目的是提供通式 I化合物的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提供含有通式 I化合物的药物组合物。
本发明的第四个目的是提供通式 I化合物的医药用途。
在本发明的第一方面, 提供了一种由通式 I表示的化合物:
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中-
Rf是含有 1-8个碳原子且具有 1-17个氟原子的烷基;
R 为氨基、 取代氨基、 羟基、 硝基、 卤素、 垸氧基、 磷酸盐或氨基酸侧链及其药 学上可接受的盐。
更佳地, Rf=- C F, - CHF2, - C。F2n+1, - CH2C„F2n+1, - CHFC„F2n+l或- CH2CHFCnF2+1, n表示 1-3的整数。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 Rf和 R选自下组:
(a) Rf是含氟甲基, R是羟基,
(b) Rf是含氟甲基, R是氨基或取代氨基,
(c) Rf是含氟甲基, R是磷酸二钠盐或是磷酸铵盐或是磷酸胆碱内式盐, 或(d) Rf是含氟甲基, R是- NH (C0CHR' NH) m-H, R' 是氢、天然氨基酸侧链、苯基, m表示 1一 3的整数。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 Rf和 R选自下组:
(a) Rf是含氟乙基, R是羟基, 06 003149
(b) Rf是含氟乙基, R是氨基或取代氨基,
(c) Rf是含氟乙基, R是磷酸二钠盐或是磷酸铵盐或是磷酸胆碱内式盐,
或(d) Rf是含氟乙基, R是- NH (C0CHR' NH)„- H, R' 是氢、 天然氨基酸侧链、 苯基, m表示 1一 3的整数。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 Rf和 R选自下组:
(a) Rf =- CH2F、 - CHF2、 - CF3、 - C¾CF3、 - CH2CHF2或 - CF2CF3, R=- OH或- 0P03Na2, 或 (b) Rf =-CH2F、 - CHF2、 - CF3、 - CH2CF3、 - CH2CHF2 或 - CF2CF3 , R=- NH2 ¾
-NHC0CH (NH2) CH20H。
在另一优选例中 , Rf=-CHF2, R=-0H。
在另一优选例中 , Rf=-CHF2, R=- 0P03N 。
在另一优选例中 , Rf=-CHF2, R=- NH2
在另一优选例中 , Rf=-CHF2, R=-NHC0CH (NH2) CH20H。
在另一优选例中 , R产- CH2CF3, R=_0H。
在另一优选例中 , Rf=-CH2CF3, R=— 0P03Na2
在另一优选例中 , Rf=-CH2CF3, R=- NH2
在另一优选例中 , Rf=-CH2CF3, R=_NHC0CH (NH2) CH20H。
在本发明的第二方面, 提供了一种通式 I化合物的制备方法, 它包括步骤:
( 1 ) 间甲氧基对羟基苯甲醛 III, 在相转移催化下, 用含氟试剂进行含氟烷基化 反应,形成间甲氧基对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 V;
Figure imgf000006_0001
( 2)用二苯基膦锂, 脱去间甲氧基对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 V间位甲氧基, 使转化成 羟基, 得到间位羟基化的对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 VI;
Figure imgf000006_0002
( 3 )将间位羟基化的对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 VI进行羟基保护, 然后与 3, 4, 5-三甲 氧基苄基三苯膦叶立德发生维悌希 (Wittig) 反应, 脱保护后, 得到通式 I化合物。
在另一优选例中, 它包括步骤:
(a)对羟基苯甲醛 IV, 在相转移催化下, 用含氟试剂进行含氟垸基化反应, 形成 对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 VII;
Figure imgf000006_0003
(b)用硝酸和乙酸酐,将对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 VII进行间位硝化反应,得到间位硝 3149 基取代的对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 VIII;
Figure imgf000007_0001
(c)将间位硝基取代的对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 VIII与 3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苄基三苯膦叶 立德发生 Wittig反应, 得到通式 I化合物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的含氟试剂为含氟卤代甲烷或磺酸含氟烷基酯。
在本发明的第三方面, 提供了一种药物组合物, 它含有治疗有效量的通式 I化合 物和药学上可接受的载体。
在另一优选例中, 所述的药物组合物选自以下剂型: 冻干粉剂、 粉剂、 粒剂、 片 剂、 胶囊、 糖浆、 栓剂、 注射剂、 乳剂、 酊剂、 悬浮液、 溶液的形式静脉注射或口服 给药。
在本发明的第四方面, 提供了一种通式 I化合物在制备微管蛋白聚集抑制剂中的 应用。
在本发明的第五方面, 提供了一种通式 I化合物在制备治疗非正常新生血管引起 的疾病的药物中的应用。
在另一优选例中, 通式 I化合物可用于治疗非正常新生血管引起的各种肿瘤的生 长和转移, 所述的肿瘤主要包括: 肺癌、 非小细胞肺癌、 肝癌、 胰腺癌、 胃癌、 骨癌、 食道癌、 乳房癌、 前列腺癌、 睾丸癌、 结肠癌、 卵巢癌、 膀胱癌、 子宫颈癌、 黑色素 瘤、 鳞状细胞癌、 基底细胞癌、 腺癌、 汗腺癌、 皮脂腺癌、 乳头状癌、 乳头状腺癌、 囊性腺癌、 囊性癌、 髓状癌、 支气管癌、 骨细胞癌、 上皮癌、 胆管癌、 绒毛膜癌、 胚 癌、 精原细胞癌、 维尔姆斯癌、 胶质细胞癌、 星形细胞瘤、 成神经管细胞瘤、 颅咽管 瘤、 室管膜瘤、 松果体瘤、 成血细胞瘤、 声带神经瘤、 脑膜瘤、 成神经细胞瘤、 成视 神经细胞瘤、 成视网膜细胞瘤、 神经纤维瘤、 纤维肉瘤、 成纤维细胞瘤、 纤维瘤、 纤 维腺瘤、 纤维软骨瘤、 纤维囊瘤、 纤维粘液瘤、 纤维骨瘤、 纤维粘液肉瘤、 纤维乳头 状瘤、 粘液肉瘤、 粘液囊瘤、 粘液软骨瘤、 粘液软骨肉瘤、 粘液软骨纤维肉瘤、 粘液 腺瘤、 成粘液细胞瘤、 脂肉瘤、 脂肪瘤、 脂肪腺瘤、 成脂细胞瘤、 脂肪软骨瘤、 脂肪 纤维瘤、 脂肪血管瘤、 粘液脂瘤、 软骨肉瘤、 软骨瘤、 软骨肌瘤、 脊索瘤、 绒毛膜腺 瘤、 绒毛上皮瘤、 成绒毛膜细胞瘤、 骨肉瘤、 成骨细胞瘤、 骨软骨纤维瘤、 骨软骨肉 瘤、 骨软骨瘤、 骨囊瘤、 骨牙质瘤、 骨纤维瘤、 骨纤维肉瘤、 血管肉瘤、 血管瘤、 血 管脂肪瘤、 血管软骨瘤、 成血管细胞瘤、 血管角质瘤、 血管神经胶质瘤、 血管内皮瘤、 血管纤维瘤、 血管肌瘤、 血管脂肪瘤、 血管淋巴管瘤、 血管脂肪平滑肌瘤、 血管肌脂 瘤、 血管肌神经瘤、 血管粘液瘤、 血管网状内皮瘤、 淋巴管肉瘤、 淋巴肉芽瘤、 淋巴 管瘤、 淋巴瘤、 淋巴粘液瘤、 淋巴肉瘤、 淋巴管纤维瘤、 淋巴细胞瘤、 淋巴上皮瘤、 成淋巴细胞瘤、 内皮瘤、 成内皮细胞瘤、 滑膜瘤、 滑膜肉瘤、 间皮瘤、 结缔组织瘤、 尤因瘤、 平滑肌瘤、 平滑肌肉瘤、 成平滑肌瘤、 平滑肌纤维瘤、 横紋肌瘤、 横紋肌肉 瘤、 横紋肌粘液瘤、 急性淋巴白血病、 急性骨髓性白血病、 慢性病细胞、 红细胞增多 症、 淋巴瘤、 多发性骨髓瘤。 T/CN2006/003149 在另一优选例中, 通式 I所述的化合物可用于治疗非正常新生血管引起的各种有 关疾病, 主要有: 风湿性关节炎、 糖尿病视网膜病、 早熟视网膜病、 视网膜静脉闭塞、 牛皮癣、 红斑痤疮、 卡波济肉瘤、 特异性反应性角膜炎、 流行性角膜结膜炎、 新生血 管性青光眼、 细菌性溃疡、 真菌性溃疡、 单纯性疱疹感染、 带状疱疹感染、 原生动物 感染、 分支杆菌感染、 多动脉炎、 肉样瘤、 巩膜炎、 潮红、 口干眼燥关节炎综合症、 全身性红斑狼疮、 艾滋病综合症、 梅毒。
据此, 本发明提供了一种 Combretastatins类化合物的新的衍生物, 其生物活性 有了进一步的提高。 附图说明
图 1 : 含氟甲氧基康普立停的合成路线。
图 2: 含氟乙氧基康普立停的合成路线。
图 3: 含氟甲氧基康普立停氨基酸衍生物的合成路线。
图 4: 含氟乙氧基康普立停氨基酸衍生物的合成路线。
其中:
PTC 表示相转移催化剂(phase- transfer catalyst) , Cat.表示催化剂, Wittig reaction表示 Wittig反应;
Ph2PLi表示二苯基膦锂, THF表示四氢呋喃, TFA表示三氟乙酸, iPr2EtN表示二 异丙基乙胺, (PhCH20) 2P (0) H表示亚磷酸二苄酯, TMBS表示三甲基溴硅烷, Fmoc-Ser (Ac) 表示 Ν- α -9-芴基甲氧羰基丝氨酸衍生物, DCC表示环己基碳二亚胺, HOBt表示 1 -羟 基苯并三唑, DMF表示二甲基甲酰胺;
aq. HCl表示稀盐酸, aq. NaOH表示稀氢氧化钠, cone. HC1表示浓盐酸, cone. HN03 表示浓硝酸。 具体实施方式
发明人经过广泛而深入的研究, 意外地发现天然产物康普立停(Combretastatin) 的 B芳环 4 ' 位烷氧基是个活性作用点, 在 B芳环的 4 ' 位引入含氟烷氧基可提高其对 肿瘤血管靶向活性。
上述化合物的合成是运用了二苯基膦锂选择性脱甲基化关键反应, 成功地在 B芳 环的 4 ' 位引入含氟垸氧基。
这些新化合物具有较强的抑制微管蛋白集聚能力, 可用于抗肿瘤和抗非正常新生 血管治疗。
如本文所用, 康普立停(Combretastatin)衍生物是如通式 II的化合物。
化合物
本发明提供的含氟烷氧基康普立停 (Combretastatin) 衍生物是在
Combretastatin B芳环 4 ' 位引入含氟垸氧基, 结构如通式 I:
Figure imgf000009_0001
其中 Rf是含有 1-8个碳原子且具有 1-17个氟原子的垸基;
R 为氨基、 取代氨基、 羟基、 硝基、 卤素、 垸氧基、 磷酸盐或氨基酸侧链及其药 学上可接受的盐。
更佳地, Rf=-CH2F, - CHF2, - CnF2n+l, - CH2C„F2n+1, -CHFCnF2n+1或- CH2CHFCnF2n+1, n表示
1-3的整数。
优选含氟甲氧基康普立停或含氟甲氧基康普立停氨基酸衍生物, 结构如通式 I, 其中的 Rf=_CH2F、 - CHF2或- CF3, R=- 0H、 - 0P03Na2、 - N 或- NHC0CH (NH2) CH20H; 更优选 Rf=-CHF2, R=- 0H、 - 0P03Na2、 - N 或- NHC0CH (NH2) CH20H。
本发明还优选含氟乙氧基康普立停或含氟乙氧基康普立停氨基酸衍生物, 结构如 通式 I, 其中的 Rf=- CH2CF3、 -CH2CHF2 或 - CF2CF3, R=-0H、 - 0P03Na2、 -丽 2 或 - NHCOCH (腿 2) CH20H。
本发明提供的含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物可以与无机碱或有机碱形成药学上可接 受的碱加成盐, 所述无机碱如氢氧化钾和氢氧化铵, 有机碱如脂肪族胺(如三乙胺)、 醇胺类 (如乙醇胺)、 氨基酸 (如组氨酸)、 氨基糖苷(如新霉胺)。
本发明提供的含氟垸氧基康普立停衍生物可以与无机酸或有机酸形成药学上可接 受的酸加成盐, 所述无机酸如盐酸、 硫酸和磷酸, 有机酸如草酸, 富马酸、 马来酸、 苹果酸, 柠檬酸、 酒石酸和谷氨酸。
化合物的制备
本发明在相转移催化下, 进行含氟烷基化反应; 再用二苯基膦锂进行选择性脱甲 基反应, 从而制备了一系列新型的含氟垸氧基苯甲醛衍生物。 然后以这些新的含氟烷 氧基苯甲醛衍生物为原料进行硝化、 还原、 羟基保护、 Wittig反应、 脱保护、 磷酸盐 化、氨基酸化等的合成工艺优化,制备了一系列含氟烷氧基康普立停(Corabretastatin) 衍生物。
(一)制备含氟垸氧基苯甲醛衍生物
4 -羟基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛(香兰素) III或对羟基苯甲醛 IV,用含氟垸基化试剂,在 无机碱和相转移催化剂的作用下,制备 4-含氟烷氧基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛 V或对含氟烷氧 基苯甲醛 VII。
Figure imgf000009_0002
所述的含氟烷基化试剂选自含氟卤代烷 磺酸含氟烷基酯 优选氟里昂 (F22 )或 对甲苯磺酸含氟烷基酯。 所述的无机碱选自: 氢氧化物、 碳酸盐中的一种或多种, 优 选氢氧化钾或 /和碳酸钾;所述的相转移催化剂 (phase- transfer catalyst, PTC)选自: 季铵盐、 季磷盐、 冠醚、 聚乙二醇 (PEG) , 优选苄基三乙基氯化铵、 四丁基硫酸氢铵 (TBAB)、 18-冠 -6、 二苯基 18-冠- 6、 二环己基 18-冠- 6冠醚或 PEG-400。
用二醇类化合物, 对 4-含氟垸氧基- 3-甲氧基苯甲酸 V进行醛基保护, 然后以二 苯基膦锂作为 3位甲氧基的选择性脱甲基试剂, 把甲氧基转化成羟基, 得到 4-含氟烷 氧基 -3-羟基苯甲醛 VI。 对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 VII, 在乙酸酐作溶剂的条件下, 用浓硝 酸实施间位的硝化, 得到间位硝基取代的对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 VIII。
Figure imgf000010_0001
(二)制备含氟烷氧基康普立停(Combretastatin)衍生物
在有机碱的催化下, 4-含氟烷氧基- 3-羟基苯甲醛 VI和三苯甲基氯反应, 得到 3 位羟基保护的含氟烷氧基苯甲醛衍生物。 溴化 3, 4, 5 -三甲氧基苄基三苯鳞在正丁基锂 的作用下, 转变成相应的膦叶立德, 和上述 3位羟基保护的含氟垸氧基苯甲醛衍生物 进行 Wittig反应, 生成的含氟烷氧基二苯乙烯衍生物, 在浓盐酸和三氟乙酸的联合作 用下, 脱去三苯甲基, 得到 3' 位是羟基的含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物 K。
Figure imgf000010_0002
同样, 4-含氟垸氧基- 3-硝基苯甲醒 I与上述膦叶立德发生 Wittig反应,生成 3' 位是硝基的含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物 X。
Figure imgf000010_0003
X
(三)制备含氟垸氧基康普立停的磷酸盐或氨基酸衍生物
如图 1或图 2所示, 上述含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物 IX的 3' 位羟基, 经过四氯 化碳、 二异丙基乙胺、 亚磷酸二苄酯、 三甲基溴硅烷、 甲醇钠的作用转化成磷酸二钠 盐, 生成含氟垸氧基康普立停的磷酸盐 XI。
0
II ΘΘ、
'P ONa)2 或者, 如图 3或图 4所示, 上述含氟垸氧基康普立停衍生物 X的 3, 位硝基, 用 还原剂还原成氨基, 还原剂优选氯化亚锡、 锌粉 /乙酸或硫代硫酸钠。 然后在 N- α -9 - 芴基甲氧羰基氨基酸衍生物(FmocAA)和环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)以及 1-羟基苯并三唑 (HOBt)的作用下, 在 3-位引入氨基酸侧链, 然后在氢氧化钠的作用下, 脱保护转换成 氨基酸酰胺, 得含氟烷氧基康普立停的氨基酸衍生物 ΧΠ。
Figure imgf000011_0001
R' =氢、 苯基或氨基酸侧链, m= l— 3的整数。
药物组合物
将治疗有效量的通式 I化合物和药学上可接受的载体混合,制备成组合物的形式; 其中治疗有效量的通式 I化合物占组合物 0. 1-99% (w/w)。 本发明的组合物可以多种剂 型存在。 所述的剂型可以是冻干粉剂、 粒剂、 粉剂、 片剂、 胶囊、 糖浆、 栓剂、 注射 剂、 乳剂、 酊剂、 悬浮液、 溶液的形式静脉注射或口服给药剂型。
对于静脉注射给药, 可使用冻干粉剂, 用生理盐水或葡萄糖溶液配成溶液, 进行 静脉输液。
对于口服给药, 可使用片剂、 锭剂、 胶囊、 丸剂、 粉末、 颗粒、 糊剂、 混悬剂、 乳剂或者溶液剂。
所用的活性成分的有效剂量可随给药的模式和待治疗的疾病的严重程度而变化。 然而, 通常当本发明的化合物每天以约 0. 5-500mg/kg动物体重的剂量给予时, 能得到 令人满意的效果, 较佳地每天以 2-4次分开的剂量给予, 或以缓释形式给药。 对大部 分大型哺乳动物而言, 每天的总剂量约为 l-100mg。适用于内服的剂量形式, 包含与固 态或液态药学上可接受的载体混合的约 0. 5- 500mg的活性化合物。 可调节此剂量方案 以提供最佳治疗应答。 例如, 由治疗状况的迫切要求, 可每天给予若干次分开的剂量, 或将剂量按比例地减少。 通常, 成年人的口服每日的合适临床剂量的选择范围为 l-1000mg, 优选为 10_200mg, 成人非口服的每日剂量为 0. 1- 100mg, 优选 1- 100mg。
按上述方法制备得到的本发明含氟垸氧基康普立停(Combretastatin)衍生物, 用 作血管靶向药物时, 该药剂可通过静脉注射或口服给药。 药剂剂量因疾病的发展程度 而异, 成人通常在 1和 3000mg之间。
在优选例中, 本发明的化合物可通过口服以及静脉内途径给药。 固态载体包括: 淀粉、 乳糖、 磷酸氢钙、 微晶纤维素、 蔗糖和白陶土, 而液态载体包括: 无菌水、 聚 乙二醇、 甘露醇、 非离子型表面活性剂和食用油(如玉米油、 花生油和芝麻油), 只要 适合活性成分的特性和所需的特定给药方式。 在制备药物组合物中通常使用的佐剂也 可有利地被包括, 例如调味剂、 色素、 防腐剂和抗氧化剂如维生素 E、 维生素 C、 BHT 和 BHA。 如本文所用, 静脉注射包括腹膜内注射和滴注输液, 使用冻干粉剂, 用生理盐水 或葡萄糖溶液配成的溶液。 其中冻干粉剂由本领域常规方法制得。
本发明含氟垸氧基康普立停衍生物配制成口服制剂, 包括片剂、 胶囊。 这种剂型 可用有效组分与至少一种添加剂混合而成, 这些添加剂包括赋形剂、 粘合剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 着色剂、 矫味剂等, 并将所形成的混合物制成粉剂、 粒剂、 片剂、 涂层片剂、 丸剂、 胶囊等剂型。 赋形剂包括乳糖、 玉米淀粉、 糖类, 葡萄糖, 山梨醇, 结晶纤维 素中的一种或多种。 粘合剂包括聚乙烯醇、 甲基纤维素、 乙基纤维素、 阿拉伯树胶、 黄耆胶、 明胶、 紫胶、 羟丙基纤维素、 羟丙基淀粉, 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮中的一种或多种。 崩解剂包括淀粉、 琼脂、 凝胶粉, 结晶纤维素、 碳酸钙、 碳酸氢钠、 柠檬酸钙、 环糊 精, 果胶中的一种或多种。 润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁、 滑石、 聚乙二醇、 硅石, 硬化植物 油中的一种或多种。 着色剂包括允许加到药品中的色素。 矫味剂包括可可粉、 薄荷醇、 薄荷油、 精制冰片, 以及肉桂。 如果需要, 这些片剂和粒剂可用蔗糖、 明胶等包衣。 一般这些剂型可含有另外的添加剂, 包括惰性稀释剂, 防腐剂如对羟苯甲酸酯类, 山 梨酸, 抗氧剂如维生素(:、 α -维生素 E和半胱氨酸, 分解剂, 粘结剂, 增稠剂, 缓冲 液, 甜味剂, 调味剂和香料。 片剂和丸剂也可覆以肠衣。 口服的液体剂型包括可药用 的乳剂、 糖浆、 酊剂、 悬液和溶液, 可以含有常用的惰性稀释剂, 如水。
本发明的主要优点在于: 在天然产物 Corabretastatin (康普立停)的 Β芳环的 4 ' 位引入含氟垸氧基, 提高了其对肿瘤血管的靶向活性。 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明本发 明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常按照 常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则所有的百分比和份数按 重量计。 实施例 1
制备对二氟甲氧基苯甲醛:
在装有温度计、机械搅拌、 回流冷凝管、 导气管的 1L四颈烧瓶加入对羟基苯甲醛 50克(0. 41raol)、 400mL异丙醇, 搅拌 20分钟, 用恒压滴液漏斗缓缓滴入 5克 18-冠- 6 醚和 106. 3克氢氧化钠(2. 665raol. )的 120毫升水溶液, 搅拌 30分钟, 将反应体系加 热到 65°C, 在此温度下通入一氯二氟甲垸(F22) 5-6小时, TLC跟踪。 反应完成后将体系 冷却下来(15°C)加入 400mL的水中止反应, 产物用乙醚(3 X 300mL)萃取, 有机相用水 洗至中性, 无水 MgS04干燥。 减压蒸去乙醚, 减压蒸馏得到对二氟甲氧基苯甲醛 (85〜 87Ό /10 mmHg)。 产率 95%。 'H-NMR ippm) δ:9. 87 (1H, s; - CH0); 7. 70 (2H, m; 2, 6-ArH); 7. 36 (1H, t;
Figure imgf000012_0001
; — CHF2) ; 6. 96 (2H,ra; 3, 5—ArH)。
实施例 2
制备 4-二氟甲氧基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛:
按实施例一, 用 4-羟基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛 62. 5克(0. 41mol. )代替对羟基苯甲醛, 得到 4-二氟甲氧基- 3-甲氧基苯甲醛(117〜 120°C/10 mmHg)。 产率 93%。 ^-NMR ippm) δ:9. 85 (1Η, s; - CHO); 7. 38 (1H, t ; J2 H-F=69Hz; - CHF2); 7. 27 (1H, m; 6-ArH); 7.20(lH,m; 2-ArH); 6.83(lH,m; 5-ArH) ; 3.73(3H, s; -0CH3)。
实施例 3
制备 4-二氟甲氧基 -3-羟基苯甲醛- 步骤 1, 在氩气的保护之下, 取 4-二氟甲氧基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛 61克(0.3raol)加 入到三颈瓶中,然后加入乙二醇 130克(2. lmol),原甲酸三乙酯 133克(0.9mol) , 100°C 左右回流, 加入 lml三氟化硼乙醚溶液, 作为催化剂。 反应 24小时, TLC跟踪。 冷却 到室温, 加入 200ml浓度为 15%氢氧化钠水溶液, 用 300ml的乙醚萃取, 分液, 用饱和 食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 减压蒸去溶剂, 得到黄色油状物。
步骤 2, 在 1.28M二苯基膦锂四氢呋喃溶液 200ml 中, 分批加入上述缩醛 50克 (0.2mol)。 室温搅拌 3-4小时, TLC跟踪。 加水中止反应, 加入 200ml浓度为 30%的氢 氧化钠溶液后, 用 300ml乙醚进行萃取。 水层在冷却下, 用盐酸酸化, 调节 pH值 3- 4 左右。 然后用 500ml 乙醚萃取, 合并乙醚萃取液, 用水和饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸 镁干燥, 过滤, 减压除去溶剂, 得到黄色固体。 苯 /石油醚重结晶, 得浅黄色晶体 31.2g(m.p.104〜106°C), 产率 83%。 -丽 R(ppm) δ :9.86 (1H, s; - CHO); 7.37(lH,t;
Figure imgf000013_0001
-CHF2); 7.26(lH,m; 6-ArH); 7.17(lH,m; 2-ArH); 6.79(lH,m; 5-ArH); 4.88(1H, s; -OH) 13C- NMR(ppm) δ : 191.0 (CHO) , 163.9 (t, CHF2) , 157.2 (4- ArC), 146.2(3— ArC), 130.6 (1— ArC), 123.5 (6— ArC), 116.7 (2 - ArC), 116.2 (5— ArC)。
实施例 4
制备 4-二氟甲氧基- 3-硝基苯甲醛:
在装有滴液漏斗和机械搅拌的 1000毫升三颈瓶中,加入新蒸的对二氟甲氧基苯甲 醛 72克(0.42mol.)和 400毫升醋酐。 用冰盐浴冷却, 然后慢慢地滴入浓硝酸二氯甲烷 溶液, 36毫升浓硝酸加 50毫升二氯甲烷。保持滴加温度低于 5度, 约 3— 4小时滴完。 TLC跟踪。 随后反应温度可以慢慢地升到室温。 继续搅拌 2天。
冷却反应瓶至 0〜5°C, 搅拌下加入 20%的盐酸, 直到沉淀出现停止加酸。 再冷却 到沉淀完全。过滤得到黄色晶体。用 95%的乙醇重结晶,得到淡黄色晶体 74克(m.p. 88〜 90。C)产率 81%。 LH-NMR(ppm) δ :9.92(1H, s; _CH0); 7.87(lH,t;
Figure imgf000013_0002
- CHF2) ; 7.68(lH,m; 6-ArH); 7.59(lH,m; 2-ArH); 7.22(lH,m; 5- ArH;)。 13C-NMR(ppm) δ : 194.0 (CHO) , 165. l(t, CHF2) , 160.2(4— ArC) , 157.4 (3- ArC) , 137.3(l-ArC) , 130.2(6- ArC), 122.5 (2-ArC) , 120.2 (5_ArC)。
实施例 5
制备对三氟乙氧基苯甲醛- 在装有温度计、 机械搅拌, 回流冷凝管的 1L四颈烧瓶中, 加入对羟基苯甲醛 50 克(0.41mol)、 400ml N, N -二甲基甲酰胺(DMF), 5克 18-冠- 6, 搅拌 20分钟, 分批加 入 168克碳酸钾粉末(1.22mol.), 搅拌 30分钟, 将反应体系加热到 110°C, 滴入对甲 苯磺酸三氟乙酯 115克(0.45mol)的 DMF溶液 100ml, 约 1小时滴完, 加热到 130Ό, 继续反应 3— 4小时, TLC跟踪。 完成后将体系冷却到 0。C。 倒入已冷却的 600毫升 3N 盐酸。搅拌后, 加入 1000毫升乙醚萃取。分出水层, 水层再用 400毫升乙醚萃取三次。 合并醚层, 随后, 依次用 3N盐酸、 蒸馏水、 饱和食盐水各 400毫升洗涤。 用无水硫酸 镁干燥。 除去乙醚, 剩余粗产物。 随后, 减压蒸馏得到对三氟乙氧基苯甲醛(95〜 97°C/10mmHg)o 产率 88%。 -丽 R(ppm) δ :9.80 (1H, s; -CHO); 7.65(2H,m; 2, 6- ArH) ; 6.83(2H, m; 3, 5— ArH) ; 4.56 (2H, q; J3 H-F=7.2Hz; —CH2CF3)。
实施例 6
制备 4-三氟乙氧基- 3-甲氧基苯甲醛- 按实施例五, 用 4-羟基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛 62.5克(0.41mol.)代替对羟基苯甲醛, 得到 4-三氟乙氧基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛(126〜 129°C/10 mmHg;) 。 产率 83%。 ¾一匪 R (ppm) δ : 9.88 (1H, s;— CH0); 7.27 (IH, m; 6—ArH); 7.20 (IH, m; 2— ArH); 6.83 (IH, m; 5— ArH); 4.48 (2H, q; J3„-F=7.2Hz; — CH2CF3) ; 3.65 (3H, s; — 0C )。
实施例 7
制备 4-三氟乙氧基- 3-羟基苯甲醛:
按实施例三,用 4-三氟乙氧基 -3-甲氧基苯甲醛 70克(0.3mol)代替 4-二氟甲氧基
- 3 -甲氧基苯甲醛, 得到 4-三氟乙氧基- 3-羟基苯甲醛(m.p.133〜135°C), 产率 81%。 —匪 R(ppm) δ :9.81 (IH, s; _CH0); 7.26(lH,m; 6—ArH); 7.17(1H, m; 2—ArH); 6.79(lH,m; 5- ArH) ; 4.88(1H, s; -OH) ; 4.45 (2H, q; J3 H-F=7.2Hz; _CH2CF3)。 13C -醒 R(ppm) δ : 191.0(CH0), 157.2(4— ArC), 146.2 (3-ArC) , 130.6 (1— ArC), 126 (q, CF3), 123.5 (6— ArC), 116.7 (2 - ArC), 116.2 (5—ArC) , 87 (m, CH2)。
实施例 8
制备 4 -三氟乙氧基 -3-硝基苯甲醛:
按实施例四, 用对三氟乙氧基苯甲醛 86克(0.42mol)代替对二氟甲氧基苯甲醛, 得到 4-三氟 乙氧基 - 3-硝基苯 甲 醛 (m. p.126 〜 127°C) , 产率 78% 。
- NMR(ppm) δ :9.91 (1H, s; - CH0); 7.28 (1H, m; 6- ArH); 7.20 (1H, m; 2- ArH); 6.77(lH,m; 5- ArH); 4.46 (2H, q; J3 H-F-7.2Hz; - CH2CF3)。 13C-丽 R(ppm) δ: 191.0(CH0), 157· 2(4- ArC), 146.2(3- ArC) , 130.6(1- ArC) , 127 (q, CF3) , 123.5(6_ArC) , 116.7 (2— ArC) , 116.2(5- ArC), 89 (m, CH2)。
实施例 9
制备(Z)- 1- (3,4, 5-三甲氧基苯基)- 2_(3'-羟基 -4'-二氟甲氧基苯基) -乙烯
(DD8011):
步骤 1, 在氩气氛下, 加入 4-二氟甲氧基- 3-羟基苯甲醛 12.5g(0.066mol.), 三 苯甲基氯 21. lg(0.076mol.),干燥四氢呋喃 42ml到 500ml四颈烧瓶中,室温下搅拌均 匀。 然后缓慢滴加三乙胺 1.3ml。 滴完后继续搅拌 1小时, TLC跟踪, 反应完成后, 加 水 50ml中止。搅拌 30分钟, 加入乙酸乙酯 100ml, 溶解絮状沉淀。加入正庚烷 250ral, 沉淀出颗粒状浅黄色粗品。 过滤, 所得的固体用水洗两次, 再用乙酸乙酯 /石油醚 (10ml/20ml)洗涤, 得到浅白色晶体。 此晶体用乙酸乙酯 /石油醚重结晶, 得到白色的 大颗粒晶体 25.8克,产率 91%。¾_NMR(ppm) δ :9.87 (s, 1H, CH0); 7.37 (t, IH; J2 HF=72Hz; - CHF2); 7.26 (m, 2H, Ar- H) ; 7.19 (m, 15H, Tr-H); 6.85 (s, 1H, Ar-H) .
步骤 2, 在氩气保护下, 将溴化三甲氧基苯基亚甲基三苯鳞 15g(28.7匪 ol.)悬浮 于 30ml THF中, 冷却到 - 15°C左右。 滴入 1.6mol/L的正丁基锂环己烷溶液 22ml, 反应 1小时。 将 12.5克(29腿 ol. )上述所得醛溶解于 24ral THF中, 缓慢滴加入反应中。 TLC 跟踪, 搅拌过夜, 反应温度升到室温。 次日, 将溶液温度降到- 5°C, 加入饱和食盐水 中止反应。分出有机层, 除去溶剂。经快速柱层析分离得到 15克白色晶体, 产率 88%。 — NMR(ppm) δ: 7.19 (m, 15H, Tr-H); 6.94 (d, 1H, 2'— H); 6.80 (dd, 1H, 6,— H) ; 6.74 (d; IE 5' -H ); 6.55 (s, 2H, 2' 6-H ); 6.52(t,lH; J2„-F=72Hz; — CHF2) 6.47 (d, 1H, la - H ) ;
6.41 (d, 1H, la'— H); 3.88 (s, 3H, 4- 0CH3); 3.71 (s, 6H, 3, 5- 0C )。
步骤 3, 室温下, 取上述 Wittig反应产物 10g(16.8匪 ol.), 用 20ml甲苯溶解。 然后滴加 37% HC1 4ml, TLC跟踪, 反应完成后, 加水中止反应。 反应体系冷却到 0°C- 5°C。 在搅拌状态下重结晶。 过滤出白色晶体 5.6克, 产率 95%。 -丽 R(ppm) δ:
7.02 (d, 1H, 2'-H) ; 6.94(dd, 1H'6, - H ) ; 6· 80 (d, 1H, 5'— H) ; 6.62 (s, 2H, 2, 6- H ) ; 6.53 (t, 1H; J2„-F=72Hz; — CHF2) 6.46 (d, 1H, la— H); 6.40 (d, 1H, la'— H) ; 5.51 (broad, 1H; OH); 3.86 (s, 3H, 4-0CH3); 3.70 (s, 6H, 3, 5-0CH3)。
结构如式 ΧΙΠ:
Figure imgf000015_0001
实施例 10
制备(Ζ)- 1- (3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯基)-2- (3, -氨基 -4' -二氟甲氧基苯基)-乙烯 (DD8021):
步骤 1, 在氩气保护下, 将溴化三甲氧基苯基亚甲基三苯鳞 15g(28.7匪 ol.)悬浮 于 30mlTHF中, 冷却到 -15Ό左右。 滴入 1.6mol/L的正丁基锂环己烷溶液 22ml, 反应 1小时。 将 6.3克(29mmol. ) 4-二氟甲氧基 -3-硝基苯甲醛溶解于 24ml THF中, 缓慢滴 加入反应中。 TLC跟踪, 搅拌过夜, 反应温度升到室温。 次日, 将溶液温度降到- 5°C, 加入饱和食盐水中止反应。 分出有机层, 除去溶剂。 经快速柱层析分离得到 6.6克浅 黄色晶体, 产率 61 %。 -丽 R(ppm) δ : 7.32(d, 1H, 2' -H); 7· 16 (dd, 1H, 6' - H ); 6.90(d, 1H, 5' -H) ; 6.78 (t, 1H ; J2 H-F-72Hz -CHF2) ; 6.64 (s, 2H, 2, 6- H ) ; 6.49(d, 1H, la-H); 6.43 (d, 1H, la'— H ) ; 3.86 (s, 3H, 4— 0CH3) ; 3.70 (s, 6H, 3, 5—0CH3 )。
步骤 2, 取(Z) -1- (3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯基) -2- (3' -硝基 -4' -二氟甲氧基苯基) -乙烯 4.1克(10.8匪 ol.)溶解在 10毫升丙酮一水(V/V, 2:1)混合溶剂中, 加热到 50°C, 搅 拌溶解。 然后, 加入 18.8克硫代硫酸钠, 反应混合物回流 6小时, TLC板跟踪,反应完 成后, 冷却到室温, 分出有机层, 水层用乙酸乙酯 50mlX4萃取, 合并有机层, 用饱 和食盐水洗涤, 用无水硫酸镁干燥, 过滤, 旋转蒸发仪上蒸去部分溶剂, 冷却后加入 石油醚重结晶。得到 2.6克浅黄色晶体,产率 68.6%。 -丽 R(ppm) δ :7.08(d, 1H, 2, -H); 6.92 (dd, 1H, 6'-H ); 6.76 (d, 1H, 5'—H) ; 6.62 (s, 2H, 2, 6_H ) ; 6.49 (d, 1H, la— H ) ; 6.43(d, 1H, la' - H) ; 6.28(t,lH ; J2„-F=72Hz ; - CHF2) ; 5.13 (broad, 2H, NH2) ; 3.86(s,3H, 4-0CH3); 3.70 (s, 6H, 3, 5— 0CH3 )。
结构如式 XIV:
Figure imgf000016_0001
实施例 11
制备(Z)- 1-(3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯基)-2-(3'-羟基- 4'-三氟乙氧基苯基) -乙烯 (DD8031):
按实施例九, 用 4-三氟乙氧基- 3-羟基苯甲醛 14.5g(66mmol.) 代替 4-二氟甲氧 基- 3-羟基苯甲醛。 经三步反应, 得到(Z) - 1- (3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯基)- 2- (3' -羟基- 4' - 三氟乙氧基苯基)-乙烯, 总产率 79.5%。 ¾- NMR(ppm) δ : 6.93(d, 1H, 2' -H) ; 6.84(dd, 1H, 6,— H ) ; 6.72 (d, 1H, 5' - H) ; 6.60 (s, 2H, 2, 6—H ) ; 6.45(d, 1H, la-H ) ; 6.38 (d, 1H, la' H) ; 5.51 (broad, 1H ; OH) ; 4.48 (2H, q;
Figure imgf000016_0002
; CH2CF3) ; 3.86 (s, 3H, 4-0CH3); 3.70 (s, 6H, 3, 5— 0CH3 )。
结构如式 XV:
Figure imgf000016_0003
实施例 12
制备(Z)- 1- (3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯基)-2- (3'_氨基- 4,-三氟乙氧基苯基)-乙烯 (DD8041):
按实施例十, 用 4-三氟乙氧基- 3-硝基苯甲醛 14.5g (66醒 ol)代替 4-二氟甲氧基 _3-硝基苯甲醛。 经二步反应, 得到(Z)_l- (3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)- 2-(3'-氨基- 4' -三 氟乙氧基苯基)-乙烯, 总产率 43.6%。 -丽 R(ppm) δ : 7.08 (d, 1H, 2' - H) ; 6.92(dd, 1H, 6'-H ) ; 6.76 (d, 1H, 5'— H) ; 6.62 (s, 2H, 2, 6 - H ) ; 6.49 (d, 1H, la— H ) ; 6.43 (d, 1H, la' - H) ; 5.13 (broad, 2H,丽 2) ; 4.40 (2H, q ; J3 H— 7.2Hz ; -CH2CF3) ; 3.86 (s, 3H, 4-0CH3); 3.70 (s, 6H, 3, 5- 0CH3 )。
结构如式 XVI:
Figure imgf000016_0004
XVI
实施例 13
制备(Z)- 1-(3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯基)-2- (3'-羟基- 4,-二氟甲氧基苯基)-乙烯 - 3' - 0-磷酸二钠盐(DD8011DP,结构如式 XVII)和(Z)- 1- (3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯基)-2- (3' - 羟基- 4' -三氟乙氧基苯基〉 -乙烯 -3' - 0-磷酸二钠盐(DD8031DP, 结构如式 XVIII):
Combretastatin A- 的酚羟基转换成磷酸二钠盐水溶性前药,其典型的反应过程, 按照 Pettit, G. R. et al. , Anti-Cancer Drug Design 1998, 13, 183-191进行。 见图 1 和图 2。
Figure imgf000017_0001
XVII
Figure imgf000017_0002
实施例 14
制备(Z) - 1- (3, 4, 5 三甲氧基苯基)-2- (3' -氨基- 4' -二氟甲氧基苯基) -乙烯 - 3' - Ν-丝氨酰胺(DD8021AS, 结构如式 XIX)和(Ζ) - 1- (3, 4, 5_三甲氧基苯基)- 2- (3' -氨 基 -4' -三氟乙氧基苯基)-乙烯 -3' -Ν-丝氨酰胺(DD8041AS, 结构如式 Π) .
氨基取代的二苯乙烯衍生物经 Ν- α - 9-芴基甲氧羰基丝氨酸衍生物(FmocAA)与氨 基发生偶联反应。 然后脱保护, 形成氨基酸前药。 其反应过程由 Pettit,G. R. et al., /. Med. Chem. , 2002, 46, 525-31报道。 见图 3和图 4。
Figure imgf000017_0003
XIX
Figure imgf000017_0004
DD8011DP XVII -CHF2 -0P03Na2
DD8031DP XVIII - CH2CF3 -0P03
DD8021AS XIX -CHF2 - NHCOCH (丽 2) CH20H
DD8041AS XX - CH2CF3 -NHC0CH (NH2) CH20H 实施例 15
体外抗肿瘤活性评估
体外培养的肿瘤细胞经含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物处理 72小时后, 应用 MTT或
SRB方法评价其对肿瘤增殖的抑制作用, 并与 CA-4比较。
细 胞 株: H460 :人肺癌细胞, SGC7901 :人胃癌细胞, HT-29:人结肠癌细胞, Bel- 7402 :人肝癌细胞。
实验设计:细胞与不同浓度化合物(分别为 100, 10, 1, 0. 1, 0. 01 , 0. 001 μ Μ)温 育 72小时, 采用 SRB方法评价化合物对细胞增殖的抑制程度, 计算抑制率, 根据抑制 率采用 Logit方法计算 IC5。, 比较化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性。
抑制率计算方法:
抑制率(%) = (对照组 0D值-用药 0D值) /对照组 0D值 X 100%
Figure imgf000018_0002
结果显示: 含氟甲氧基康普立停衍生物的体外抗肿瘤活性与天然化合物
Combretastatin A-4相当。 而含氟乙氧基康普立停衍生物比 CA- 4的活性要大 3到 30 倍。
实施例 16
体外新生血管抑制性能评价
按实施例十五的方法, 以人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC)为作用对象,考察含氟烷氧基 康普立停衍生
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000018_0003
结果表明: 含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物具有很强的微管蛋白集聚抑制性能, 预示 着含氟烷氧基康普立停衍生物是一类潜在的肿瘤血管靶向药物。 制备含氟烷氧基康普立停冻干粉剂
Figure imgf000019_0001
按照处方量精密称取原料, 将处方量甘露醇投入,加入约处方总量 80%的注射用水 搅拌至溶解完全, 得到澄清溶液, 加入 0.1%(g/ml)的针用活性炭, 搅拌均匀, 静置约 10分钟, 经 0.45μιη微孔滤膜过滤, 补加注射用水至全量。 再经 0.22μιη微孔滤膜过 滤, 测定 ρΗ值和含量, 合格后, 定量灌装, 冷冻干燥, 充氮, 压塞, 压铝盖, 贴签, 包装, 抽检合格, 即得成品。 (整个流程均需避光) 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献被单独 引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术 人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书 所限定的范围。
17

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种由通式 I表示的化合物:
Figure imgf000020_0001
(I )
其中-
Rf是含有 1-8个碳原子且具有 1-17个氟原子的垸基;
R 为氨基、 取代氨基、 羟基、 硝基、 卤素、 垸氧基、 磷酸盐或氨基酸侧链及其药 学上可接受的盐。
2.如权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其特征在于, 所述的 Rf和 R选自下组:
(a) Rf是含氟甲基, R是羟基,
(b) Rf是含氟甲基, R是氨基或取代氨基,
(c) Rf是含氟甲基, R是磷酸二钠盐或是磷酸铵盐或是磷酸胆碱内式盐, 或(d) Rf是含氟甲基, R是 -NH (C0CHR' 丽) m-H, R ' 是氢、天然氨基酸侧链、苯基, m表示 1一 3的整数。
3.如权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其特征在于, 所述的 Rf和 R选自下组-
(a) Rf是含氟乙基, R是羟基,
(b) Rf是含氟乙基, R是氨基或取代氨基,
(c) Rf是含氟乙基, R是磷酸二钠盐或是磷酸铵盐或是磷酸胆碱内式盐,
或(d) Rf是含氟乙基, R是 _NH (C0CHR' NH) m- H, R' 是氢、 天然氨基酸侧链、 苯基, m表示 1一 3的整数。
4.如权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其特征在于, 所述的 Rf和 R选自下组:
(a) Rf =- CH2F、 - CHF2、 - CF3、 _C CF3、 _C CHF2或- CF2CF3, R=- OH或- 0P03Na2, 或 (b) Rr =-CH2F、 -CHF2、 - CF3、 -CH2CF3、 -CH2CHF2 或 - CF2CF3 , R=-NH2 或 -NHC0CH (NH2) CH20H。
5.—种如权利要求 1所述的化合物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 它包括步骤-
( 1 ) 间甲氧基对羟基苯甲醛 III, 在相转移催化下, 用含氟试剂进行含氟烷基化 反应,形成间甲氧基对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 V;
Figure imgf000020_0002
( 2 )用二苯基膦锂, 脱去间甲氧基对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 V间位甲氧基, 使转化成 羟基, 得到间位羟基化的对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 VI;
Figure imgf000021_0001
( 3)将间位羟基化的对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 VI进行羟基保护, 然后与 3, 4, 5-三甲 氧基苄基三苯膦叶立德发生维悌希反应, 脱保护后, 得到如权利要求 1 所述的通式 I 化合物。
6.—种如权利要求 1所述的化合物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 它包括步骤: (a)对羟基苯甲醛 IV, 在相转移催化下, 用含氟试剂进行含氟烷基化反应, 形成 对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 VII;
Figure imgf000021_0002
(b)用硝酸和乙酸酐,将对含氟垸氧基苯甲醛 VII进行间位硝化反应,得到间位硝 基取代的对含氟烷氧基苯甲酲 VIII;
Figure imgf000021_0003
(c)将间位硝基取代的对含氟烷氧基苯甲醛 VIII与 3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苄基三苯膦叶 立德发生维悌希反应, 得到如权利要求 1所述的通式 I化合物。
7.如权利要求 5或 6所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的含氟试剂为含氟卤代 甲垸或磺酸含氟烷基酯。
8.—种药物组合物, 其特征在于, 它含有治疗有效量的如权利要求 1所述的化合 物和药学上可接受的载体。
9.一种如权利要求 1所述的化合物在制备微管蛋白聚集抑制剂中的应用。
10.—种如权利要求 1所述的化合物在制备治疗非正常新生血管引起的疾病的药物 中的应用。
PCT/CN2006/003149 2006-06-06 2006-11-22 Dérivés combrétastatine contenant une fonction fluoroalkyloxy, leur préparation et leur utilisation WO2007140662A1 (fr)

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