WO2007137445A1 - Component made of two non-positively joined work pieces - Google Patents

Component made of two non-positively joined work pieces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007137445A1
WO2007137445A1 PCT/CH2007/000272 CH2007000272W WO2007137445A1 WO 2007137445 A1 WO2007137445 A1 WO 2007137445A1 CH 2007000272 W CH2007000272 W CH 2007000272W WO 2007137445 A1 WO2007137445 A1 WO 2007137445A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
workpieces
elevations
joining
workpiece
component according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2007/000272
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Hekli
Martin Mader
Original Assignee
Hartchrom Ag
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Publication date
Application filed by Hartchrom Ag filed Critical Hartchrom Ag
Publication of WO2007137445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007137445A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/005—Means to increase the friction-coefficient
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a component comprising : two workpieces which are non-positively connected via joining surfaces, at least one surface in the joining region! the workpieces has a surface structure with structure elevations and structure valleys.
  • An example of a component consisting of two workpieces connected non-positively via joining surfaces is a built-up piston of a large diesel engine.
  • this piston is; a piston upper part bolted to a piston lower part .
  • the vibrations occurring during operation under high thermal and mechanical load lead to relative movements of the two piston parts and as a result to increased local wear of the joining surfaces. Investigations have shown that considerable wear can already occur with relative movements from about 30 .mu.m, and this wasit can also be smaller or larger depending on the materials used.
  • a long-known measure to increase the friction in non-positive joint connections is to introduce hard particles in the joint gap, which lead by partial penetration into the component surfaces to a micro positive connection.
  • DE-A-23 64 275 discloses the formation of a hard layer containing layer on a grooved surface; of two interacting surfaces by vapor deposition, sputtering, sintering or diffusion of a foreign substance into the component surface.
  • nitriding can be carried out.
  • the grooved dents lead to the breaking of the two components to a breaking of the nitride layer.
  • the mainly consisting of nitrides fragments are pressed in the further clamping of the components in the component surfaces. As a result of the softer substrate, the fragments that have penetrated into the valleys of the valleys penetrate the firmly adhering, undamaged nitriding layer.
  • EP-A-0 961 038 describes a connecting element which is coated on both surfaces with hard particles of, for example, carbides such as SiC, WC and B 4 C, or nitrides such as Si 3 N 4 , where it is used where there is no direct coating of the component surface not possible.
  • These friction-enhancing layers are produced in metallization baths with solid particles dispersed therein. Inherent in this process is the jcon- Continuous incorporation of particles into the growing layer, resulting in that the particles incorporated at the end of the Besjef- tion process are enclosed only to a small part of layer matrix and therefore have no firm anchorage in this.
  • EP-A-1 300 485 discloses a component surface coated with a matrix comprising friction-increasing particles.
  • the matrix comprises an upper and a lower layer, the lower layer being a metallic binder phase which is usual for a friction-increasing fixation.
  • Diamond particles are called friction-increasing particles! the metallic binding phases consist of chemical nickel. Since the retention of the hard material particles also takes place purely mechanically and no adhesion or other binding forces occur, the particles to be secured must be surrounded by matrix material at least up to half their diameter. The additional layer to be applied is therefore to be selected so thick that the force-transmitting particles protrude with not more than half their diameter from the new iMatrix surface.
  • hard chromium layers of micron-scattering chromium-plating electrolytes with solid particles dispersed therein are deposited using pulsating current, with the cathodic circuit of the workpiece incorporating the solid particles in the chromium layer, not just in the cracks, but also in the chromium matrix itself ,
  • EP-A-0 909 839 discloses a hard chromium plating layer consisting of at least two layers of hard chrome with a crack network and embedded and encapsulated in the cracks. rarely solid particles. At least one layer of hard chrome is deposited under pulsating direct current, so that the chromium is present in different crystallization form.
  • structured hard chrome coatings fulfill certain functional properties.
  • structured hard chromium layers serve to form lubricant deposits that prevent dry running.
  • ink rollers and in particular dampening cylinders with a specially structured surface are required.
  • chrome-plated tools can be used to give the workpiece a textured surface.
  • the invention is based on the object, the surface structure of the joining surface / n in a component of the type mentioned in such a way that relative movements of the joined workpieces can be further reduced in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • one of the joining surfaces of the two workpieces is formed by a hard-chromium layer having an electrodeposited and a plurality of structure elevations, wherein the tips of the structure elevations are pressed into the uncoated joining surface of the other workpiece, or
  • the joining surfaces of both workpieces are formed by a hard-chrome layer having a galvanically deposited and a plurality of structure elevations, the structure elevations of the joining surface of one workpiece projecting into the structural valleys of the joining surface of the respective other workpiece.
  • the essential core of the invention in the case of components made of two workpieces which are frictionally connected via joining surfaces is the use of a known hard chrome layer with a structured surface as coating of joining surfaces instead of the known friction-enhancing coating of the joining surfaces with a binding phase with embedded hard particles.
  • the invention combines all the advantages of a hard seal, such as protection against abrasion by abrasion, surface pressure, among others, and against corrosion by the action of media, high temperatures, among others, with the advantages of the friction-increasing coating of the joining surfaces with a binding phase with embedded hard particles , By the! Decreased relative movement according to the invention also becomes; prevents cold welding.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
  • the texture elevations of the surface structure usually correspond to a substantially uniform random distribution.
  • the surface structure preferably has a roughness value R 2 > 5 ⁇ m, in particular R 2 > 10 ⁇ m.
  • the center distance of adjacent structure elevations preferably corresponds to 0.5 to 15 times the amount 1 of the diameter of the structure elevations.
  • the desired surface structure can be achieved by mechanical or electrolytic methods.
  • the workpieces to be chromed can basically! consist of all materials. Preferred materials are made of metal, in particular steel, cast steel, cast iron, cast iron, copper, nickel, brass, bronze, aluminum or an alloy of the abovementioned materials. If only one of the joining surfaces of the two workpieces is chrome-plated, the material forming the unlchelled joining surface is made softer than the hard chrome layer of the coated joining surface. With chromed joining surface, the material under the hard chrome layer can also be harder than the hard chrome layer.
  • a component in which the inventive hard chrome plating a joint surface to a significant extension ! the service life is a built piston with piston top and piston lower part of a large diesel engine.
  • 1a, b show a cross section through the joining region of a component joined from two workpieces with a first embodiment of joining surfaces, and after joining;
  • 2a, b shows a cross section through the joining region of a component joined from two workpieces with a second embodiment of joining surfaces before and after joining.
  • a first workpiece 10, illustrated in FIG. 1a, of a component 30 made of, for example, steel, has a joining surface 11 provided for engagement with a joining surface 21 of a second workpiece 20 of the component 30.
  • the joining surface 11 of the first workpiece 10 is formed as a structured surface of a galvanically produced hard chrome layer 12 with a plurality of structure elevations 14 and structure valleys 16.
  • the joining surface 21 of the second workpiece 20 is uncoated.
  • the thickness of the hard chrome layer 12 is usually between about 10 microns and 500 microns and is for example 50 microns.
  • the roughness R z of the structured hard chrome layer 12, ie, the height of the structure elevations 14 over the structural 16, for example, is 15 microns.
  • the distribution of the structure elevations 16 on the surface of the hard cladding layer 12 corresponds to an approximately uniform distribution of randomness.
  • the center distance a between adjacent structure elevations 16 corresponds, for example, to 2.5 times the diameter D of the structure elevations 16.
  • the two workpieces 10, 20 are pressed against each other with abutting joining surfaces 11, 23j, so that the tips of the structure elevations 14 of the joining surface 11 in the hard chrome layer 12J of the first workpiece 10 into the uncoated planar joining surfaces.
  • che 21 of the second workpiece 20 are pressed ⁇ Fig. Ib).
  • the limited relative movement of the two workpieces 10, 20 in the joining surface 11, 21 by the frictional connection of the two workpieces 10, 20 joined to the component 30 is determined by the structure elevations 14 of the joining surface 11 of the first workpiece 10 anchored in the joining surface 21 of the second workpiece 20 further diminished.
  • connection variant shown in Fig. 2a is in addition to the joining surface 11 of the first workpiece 10 auclj the joining surface 21 of the second workpiece 20 as a structured surface of a galvanically produced HartehromsChichjt 22 with a plurality of structure elevations 24 and structure valleys 26 formed.
  • the two workpieces 10, 20 are pressed against each other by abutting joining surfaces 11, 211, so that the tips of the structure holes 14 of the joining surface 11 in the hard chrome layer 12j of the first workpiece 10 are in structure valleys 26 of the joining surface 21 in the hard chrome layer 22 of the second workpiece 20 and vice versa engage the tips of the structure elevations 24 of the joining surface 21 in the hard chrome layer 22 of the second workpiece 20 in structural valleys 16 of the joining surface 11 in the hard chrome layer 12 of the first workpiece 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

In a component (10) consisting of two work pieces (10, 20) which are non-positively joined via joining surfaces (11, 21), at least one surface in the joint area of the work piece (10) has a surface structure with structural elevations (14), and structural depressions (16). In order to reduce a relative movement of the two work pieces (10, 20) one of the joining surfaces (11) of the two work pieces (10) is formed by an electroplated coating (12) of hard chrome which has a multitude of structural elevations (14), the heads of the structural elevations (14) being pressed into the uncoated joining surface (21) of the other work piece (20).

Description

Bauteil aus zwei kraftschlüssig verbundenen Werkstücken Component of two frictionally connected workpieces
Technisches Gebiet der ErfindungTechnical field of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Bauteil aus : zwei über Fügeflächen kraftschlüssig verbundenen Werkstücken, wobei wenigstens eine Oberfläche im Fügebereich ! der Werkstücke eine Oberflächenstruktur mit Strukturerhebungen und Strukturtälern aufweist .The present invention relates to a component comprising : two workpieces which are non-positively connected via joining surfaces, at least one surface in the joining region! the workpieces has a surface structure with structure elevations and structure valleys.
Stand der Technik Kraftschlüssige Verbindungen werden in allen Bereichen des Maschinenbaus häufig zur Übertragung von Querkräften oder Drehmomenten eingesetzt. Die Grosse der jeweils übertragbaren Kraft hängt neben den konstruktiven Gegebenheitein in erster Linie vom Haftreibungswert (Haftbeiwert) der mitein- ander verbundenen Bauteiloberflächen ab. Stahl/Stahl-tPaarungen weisen typischerweise Haftbeiwerte von 0,15 auf, was bei den zunehmend steigenden Anforderungen an Maschinenbauteile häufig für eine sichere kraftschlüssige Verbindung nicht ausreicht .PRIOR ART Force-fitting connections are frequently used in all areas of mechanical engineering for the transmission of transverse forces or torques. The size of the respective transferable force depends, in addition to the constructional conditions, primarily on the static friction coefficient (coefficient of adhesion) of the interconnected component surfaces. Steel / steel t pairings typically have adhesion coefficients of 0.15, which is often insufficient for a secure non-positive connection with the increasing demands on machine components.
Ein Beispiel für ein Bauteil aus zwei über Fügeflächen kraftschlüssig verbundenen Werkstücken ist ein gebauter Kolben eines Grossdieselmotors. Bei diesem Kolben ist; ein Kolbenoberteil mit einem Kolbenunterteil verschraubt.: Die im Betrieb unter hoher thermischer und mechanischer Belastung auftretenden Schwingungen führen zu Relativbewegύngen der beiden Kolbenteile und in der Folge zu erhöhtem lokalem Verschleiss der Fügeflächen. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass ein erheblicher Verschleiss bereits bei Relativbewegungen ab etwa 30μm auftreten kann, wobei dieser Werit in Abhängigkeit der eingesetzten Werkstoffe auch kleiner ioder grösser sein kann.An example of a component consisting of two workpieces connected non-positively via joining surfaces is a built-up piston of a large diesel engine. In this piston is; a piston upper part bolted to a piston lower part .: The vibrations occurring during operation under high thermal and mechanical load lead to relative movements of the two piston parts and as a result to increased local wear of the joining surfaces. Investigations have shown that considerable wear can already occur with relative movements from about 30 .mu.m, and this werit can also be smaller or larger depending on the materials used.
Eine seit langem bekannte Massnahme zur Reibungserhöhung bei kraftschlüssigen Fügeverbindungen besteht darin, harte Partikel in den Fügespalt einzubringen, die durch teilweises Eindringen in die Bauteiloberflächen zu einem Mikro- Formschluss führen.A long-known measure to increase the friction in non-positive joint connections is to introduce hard particles in the joint gap, which lead by partial penetration into the component surfaces to a micro positive connection.
Die DE-A-23 64 275 offenbart die Bildung einer Hartstioff- körper enthaltenden Schicht auf einer gerillten Fläche; von zwei zusammenwirkenden Flächen durch Aufdampfen, Aufsprit- zen, Aufsintern oder Diffusion eines Fremdstoffs in die Bauteiloberfläche. Bei Bauteilen aus Stahl kann eine Nitrierung durchgeführt werden. Die Rillenkuppen führen beim Verspannen der beiden Bauteile zu einem Aufbrechen der ;Nitrierschicht. Die vorwiegend aus Nitriden bestehenden Bruchstücke werden beim weiteren Verspannen der Bauteile in die Bauteiloberflächen eingedrückt . Die in die Rillentäler gelangten Bruchstücke durchdrücken dabei infolge des iweicheren Untergrundes die fest haftende, unzerstörte Nitrierschicht .DE-A-23 64 275 discloses the formation of a hard layer containing layer on a grooved surface; of two interacting surfaces by vapor deposition, sputtering, sintering or diffusion of a foreign substance into the component surface. For components made of steel, nitriding can be carried out. The grooved dents lead to the breaking of the two components to a breaking of the nitride layer. The mainly consisting of nitrides fragments are pressed in the further clamping of the components in the component surfaces. As a result of the softer substrate, the fragments that have penetrated into the valleys of the valleys penetrate the firmly adhering, undamaged nitriding layer.
Die EP-A-O 961 038 beschreibt ein Verbindungselement, welches an beiden Oberflächen mit harten Partikeln aus beispielsweise Carbide wie SiC, WC und B4C, oder Nitride wie Si3N4 beschichtet ist und dort zum Einsatz kommt, wo leine direkte Beschichtung der Bauteiloberfläche nicht möglich ist. Die Herstellung dieser reibungserhöhenden Schichten erfolgt in Metallisierungsbädern mit darin dispergierten Feststoffpartikeln. Diesem Verfahren inhärent ist der jkon- tinuierliche Einbau von Partikeln in die anwachsende Schicht, was dazu führt, dass die am Ende des Besrfiiich- tungsvorgangs eingebauten Partikel nur zum geringen ,Teil von Schichtmatrix umschlossen sind und daher keine feste Verankerung in dieser haben.EP-A-0 961 038 describes a connecting element which is coated on both surfaces with hard particles of, for example, carbides such as SiC, WC and B 4 C, or nitrides such as Si 3 N 4 , where it is used where there is no direct coating of the component surface not possible. These friction-enhancing layers are produced in metallization baths with solid particles dispersed therein. Inherent in this process is the jcon- Continuous incorporation of particles into the growing layer, resulting in that the particles incorporated at the end of the Besjef- tion process are enclosed only to a small part of layer matrix and therefore have no firm anchorage in this.
In der EP-A-I 300 485 ist eine mit einer reibungserhöhende Partikel enthaltenden Matrix beschichtete Bauteiloberfläche bekannt . Die Matrix umfasst eine obere und eine untere Schicht, wobei die untere Schicht eine für eine reibungserhöhende Fixierung übliche metallische Bindephase ist.! Als reibungserhöhende Partikel sind Diamantkörner genannt,! die metallischen Bindephasen bestehen aus Chemisch Nickelf. Da das Festhalten der Hartstoffpartikel auch hier rein mecha- nisch erfolgt und keine Adhäsions- oder sonstigen Bindungskräfte auftreten, müssen die zu sichernden Partikel mindes- tens bis zu ihrem halben Durchmesser von Matrixmaterial umgeben sein. Die zusätzlich aufzubringende Schicht ist daher so dick zu wählen, dass die kraftübertragenden Partikel mit nicht mehr als ihrem halben Durchmesser aus der neuen iMatrixoberfläche herausragen.EP-A-1 300 485 discloses a component surface coated with a matrix comprising friction-increasing particles. The matrix comprises an upper and a lower layer, the lower layer being a metallic binder phase which is usual for a friction-increasing fixation. Diamond particles are called friction-increasing particles! the metallic binding phases consist of chemical nickel. Since the retention of the hard material particles also takes place purely mechanically and no adhesion or other binding forces occur, the particles to be secured must be surrounded by matrix material at least up to half their diameter. The additional layer to be applied is therefore to be selected so thick that the force-transmitting particles protrude with not more than half their diameter from the new iMatrix surface.
Nach der EP-A-O 668 375 werden Hartchromschichten aus mik- rorissbildenden Verchromungselektrolyten mit darin disper- gierten Feststoffpartikeln unter Verwendung von pulsierendem Strom abgeschieden, wobei unter kathodischer Schaltung des Werkstückes sich in die bildende Chromschicht ausser in den Rissen auch in die Chrommatrix selbst die Feststoffpartikel einlagern.According to EP-A-0 668 375, hard chromium layers of micron-scattering chromium-plating electrolytes with solid particles dispersed therein are deposited using pulsating current, with the cathodic circuit of the workpiece incorporating the solid particles in the chromium layer, not just in the cracks, but also in the chromium matrix itself ,
Die EP-A-O 909 839 offenbart eine aus mindestens zwei Lagen Hartchrom bestehende galvanische Hartchromschicht mit einem Rissnetzwerk und in den Rissen eingelagerten und eingekap- selten Feststoffpartikeln. Mindestens eine Lage Hartchrom ist unter pulsierendem Gleichstrom abgeschieden, so jdass das Chrom in unterschiedlicher Kristallisationsform 'vorliegt.EP-A-0 909 839 discloses a hard chromium plating layer consisting of at least two layers of hard chrome with a crack network and embedded and encapsulated in the cracks. rarely solid particles. At least one layer of hard chrome is deposited under pulsating direct current, so that the chromium is present in different crystallization form.
Es sind auch galvanisch erzeugte strukturierte Hartchromschichten auf Bauteilen bekannt. Im technischen Bereich er- füllen strukturierte Hartchromschichten bestimmte funktionale Eigenschaften. Bei Maschinenbauteilen, die in gleiten- dem Kontakt miteinander stehen, wie z.B. Kolben, Zylindern, Laufbuchsen oder Achslagern, dienen strukturierte Hart- chromschichten zur Bildung von Schmiermitteldepots, die ein Trockenlaufen verhindern. In der graphischen Industrie !werden z.B. für Druckmaschinen Farbwalzen und insbesondere Feuchtreibzylinder mit einer speziell strukturierten Oberfläche benötigt. In der Umformtechnik können strukturver- chromte Werkzeuge verwendet werden, um dem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück eine strukturierte Oberfläche zu verleihen.There are also known electroplated structured hard chrome layers on components known. In the technical field, structured hard chrome coatings fulfill certain functional properties. For machine components which are in sliding contact with each other, e.g. Pistons, cylinders, liners or axle bearings, structured hard chromium layers serve to form lubricant deposits that prevent dry running. In the graphics industry! For printing machines, ink rollers and in particular dampening cylinders with a specially structured surface are required. In forming technology, chrome-plated tools can be used to give the workpiece a textured surface.
Verfahren zur Herstellung galvanisch erzeugter Hartchromschichten mit unterschiedlich strukturierter Oberfläche sind dem Fachmann beispielsweise aus der DE-A- 42 11 881, der DE-A-198 28 545, der DE-A-195 15 394 und der EP-A-O 722 515 bekannt.Processes for the production of galvanically produced hard chrome layers with differently structured surfaces are known to the person skilled in the art, for example from DE-A-42 11 881, DE-A-198 28 545, DE-A-195 15 394 and EP-A-0 722 515.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Oberflächenstruktur der Fügefläche/n bei einem Bauteil der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestalten, dass Relativbewegungen ge- fügter Werkstücke auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise weiter vermindert werden können.The invention is based on the object, the surface structure of the joining surface / n in a component of the type mentioned in such a way that relative movements of the joined workpieces can be further reduced in a simple and cost-effective manner.
Zur erfindungsgemässen Lösung der Aufgabe führt gemäss un- abhängigem Anspruch 1, dass zur Verminderung einer Relativbewegung der beiden Werkstücke alternativAccording to the invention solution of the problem leads according to dependent claim 1, that for reducing a relative movement of the two workpieces alternatively
eine der Fügeflächen der beiden Werkstücke von einer galvanisch abgeschiedenen und eine Vielzahl von Strukturerhebungen aufweisenden Hartchromschicht gebildet ist, wobei die Spitzen der Strukturerhebungen ini die unbeschichtete Fügefläche des anderen Werkstücks einge- presst sind, oderone of the joining surfaces of the two workpieces is formed by a hard-chromium layer having an electrodeposited and a plurality of structure elevations, wherein the tips of the structure elevations are pressed into the uncoated joining surface of the other workpiece, or
die Fügeflächen beider Werkstücke von einer galvanisch abgeschiedenen und eine Vielzahl von Strukturerhebungen aufweisenden Hartchromschicht gebildet sind, wobei die Strukturerhebungen der Fügefläche des einen Werkstücks in die Strukturtäler der Fügefläche des jeweils anderen Werkstücks einragen.the joining surfaces of both workpieces are formed by a hard-chrome layer having a galvanically deposited and a plurality of structure elevations, the structure elevations of the joining surface of one workpiece projecting into the structural valleys of the joining surface of the respective other workpiece.
Der wesentliche Kern der Erfindung liegt bei Bauteilen aus zwei über Fügeflächen kraftschlüssig verbundenen Werkstü- cken in der Verwendung einer an sich bekannten HartcHrom- schicht mit strukturierter Oberfläche als Beschichtung von Fügeflächen anstelle der bekannten reibungserhöhenden' Beschichtung der Fügeflächen mit einer Bindephase mit eingelagerten harten Partikeln.The essential core of the invention in the case of components made of two workpieces which are frictionally connected via joining surfaces is the use of a known hard chrome layer with a structured surface as coating of joining surfaces instead of the known friction-enhancing coating of the joining surfaces with a binding phase with embedded hard particles.
Die Erfindung kombiniert alle Vorteile einer Hartverσhro- mung, wie Schutz gegen Verschleiss durch Abrasion, Flächenpressungen u.a. sowie gegen Korrosion durch Einwirkung von Medien, hohe Temperaturen u.a. mit den Vorteilen der jrei- bungserhöhenden Beschichtung der Fügeflächen mit einer 'Bin- dephase mit eingelagerten harten Partikeln. Durch die! er- findungsgemäss verminderte Relativbewegung wird auch; ein Kaltverschweissen verhindert . Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von abhängigen Ansprüchen.The invention combines all the advantages of a hard seal, such as protection against abrasion by abrasion, surface pressure, among others, and against corrosion by the action of media, high temperatures, among others, with the advantages of the friction-increasing coating of the joining surfaces with a binding phase with embedded hard particles , By the! Decreased relative movement according to the invention also becomes; prevents cold welding. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
Die Strukturerhebungen der Oberflächenstruktur entsprechen üblicherweise einer im wesentlichen gleichmässigen Zufalls- verteilung .The texture elevations of the surface structure usually correspond to a substantially uniform random distribution.
Die Oberflächenstruktur weist bevorzugt einen Rauhigkeits- wert R2 > 5 um, insbesondere R2 > 10 μm, auf.The surface structure preferably has a roughness value R 2 > 5 μm, in particular R 2 > 10 μm.
Der Mittenabstand benachbarter Strukturerhebungen entspricht vorzugsweise dem 0,5- bis 15-fachen Betrag1 des Durchmessers der Strukturerhebungen.The center distance of adjacent structure elevations preferably corresponds to 0.5 to 15 times the amount 1 of the diameter of the structure elevations.
Die gewünschte Oberflächenstruktur kann durch mechanische oder elektrolytische Verfahren erreicht werden.The desired surface structure can be achieved by mechanical or electrolytic methods.
Die zu verchromenden Werkstücke können grundsätzlich! aus allen Werkstoffen bestehen. Bevorzugte Werkstoffe sind aus Metall, insbesondere aus Stahl, Stahlguss, Gusseisen, Hart- guss, Kupfer, Nickel, Messing, Bronze, Aluminium oder einer Legierung der vorgenannten Werkstoffe. Wenn nur einei der Fügeflächen der beiden Werkstücke verchromt ist, wird der die unverchromte Fügefläche bildende Werkstoff weicher ge- wählt als die Hartchromschicht der beschichteten Fügefläche. Bei verchromter Fügefläche kann der Werkstoff unter der Hartchromschicht auch härter als die Hartchromschicht sein.The workpieces to be chromed can basically! consist of all materials. Preferred materials are made of metal, in particular steel, cast steel, cast iron, cast iron, copper, nickel, brass, bronze, aluminum or an alloy of the abovementioned materials. If only one of the joining surfaces of the two workpieces is chrome-plated, the material forming the unlchelled joining surface is made softer than the hard chrome layer of the coated joining surface. With chromed joining surface, the material under the hard chrome layer can also be harder than the hard chrome layer.
Ein Bauteil, bei dem die erfindungsgemässe Hartverchromung einer Fügefläche zu einer wesentlichen Verlängerung! der Standzeit führt, ist ein gebauter Kolben mit Kolbenoberteil und Kolbenunterteil eines Grossdieselmotors.A component in which the inventive hard chrome plating a joint surface to a significant extension ! the service life is a built piston with piston top and piston lower part of a large diesel engine.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnung; diese zeigt schematisch inFurther advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawing; this shows schematically in
Fig. Ia, b einen Querschnitt durch den Fügebereich eines aus zwei Werkstücken gefügten Bauteils mit einer ersten Ausführungsform von Fügeflächen vor, und nach dem Fügen;1a, b show a cross section through the joining region of a component joined from two workpieces with a first embodiment of joining surfaces, and after joining;
Fig. 2a, b einen Querschnitt durch den Fügebereich eines aus zwei Werkstücken gefügten Bauteils mit einer zweiten Ausführungsform von Fügeflächen vor und nach dem Fügen.2a, b shows a cross section through the joining region of a component joined from two workpieces with a second embodiment of joining surfaces before and after joining.
Beschreibung von AusführungsbeispielenDescription of exemplary embodiments
Ein in Fig. Ia dargestelltes erstes Werkstück 10 eines Bau- teils 30 aus beispielsweise Stahl weist eine zur Anlagό mit einer Fügefläche 21 eines zweiten Werkstücks 20 des 'Bauteils 30 vorgesehene Fügefläche 11 auf. Die Fügeflächle 11 des ersten Werkstücks 10 ist als strukturierte Oberfläche einer galvanisch erzeugten Hartchromschicht 12 mit einer Vielzahl von Strukturerhebungen 14 und Strukturtälern 16 ausgebildet. Die Fügefläche 21 des zweiten Werkstücks 20 ist unbeschichtet.A first workpiece 10, illustrated in FIG. 1a, of a component 30 made of, for example, steel, has a joining surface 11 provided for engagement with a joining surface 21 of a second workpiece 20 of the component 30. The joining surface 11 of the first workpiece 10 is formed as a structured surface of a galvanically produced hard chrome layer 12 with a plurality of structure elevations 14 and structure valleys 16. The joining surface 21 of the second workpiece 20 is uncoated.
Die Dicke der Hartchromschicht 12 liegt üblicherweise ,zwi- sehen etwa 10 μm und 500 μm und beträgt beispielsweise 50 μm. Die Rauheit Rz der strukturierten Hartchromschicht 12, d.h., die Höhe der Strukturerhebungen 14 über den Struktur- tälern 16, beträgt beispielsweise 15 μm. Die Verteilung der Strukturerhebungen 16 auf der Oberfläche der Hartclfrom- Schicht 12 entspricht einer annähernd gleichmässigenj Zu- fallsverteilung. Der Mittenabstand a zwischen benachbarten Strukturerhebungen 16 entspricht beispielsweise dem 2,5 fachen Durchmesser D der Strukturerhebungen 16.The thickness of the hard chrome layer 12 is usually between about 10 microns and 500 microns and is for example 50 microns. The roughness R z of the structured hard chrome layer 12, ie, the height of the structure elevations 14 over the structural 16, for example, is 15 microns. The distribution of the structure elevations 16 on the surface of the hard cladding layer 12 corresponds to an approximately uniform distribution of randomness. The center distance a between adjacent structure elevations 16 corresponds, for example, to 2.5 times the diameter D of the structure elevations 16.
Beim Zusammenbau des Bauteils 30 werden die beiden Werkstücke 10, 20 mit einander anliegenden Fügeflächen 11, 23j ge- geneinander gepresst, so dass die Spitzen der Strukturerhebungen 14 der Fügefläche 11 in der Hartchromschicht 12J des ersten Werkstücks 10 in die unbeschichtete ebenen Füg^flä- che 21 des zweiten Werkstücks 20 eingedrückt werden {Fig. Ib) . Die durch die kraftschlüssige Verbindung der beiden zum Bauteil 30 gefügten Werkstücke 10, 20 eingeschränkte Relativbewegung der beiden Werkstücke 10, 20 in der Fügefläche 11, 21 wird durch die in der Fügefläche 21 des zweiten Werkstücks 20 verankerten Strukturerhebungen 14 der Fügefläche 11 des ersten Werkstücks 10 weiter vermindert.During assembly of the component 30, the two workpieces 10, 20 are pressed against each other with abutting joining surfaces 11, 23j, so that the tips of the structure elevations 14 of the joining surface 11 in the hard chrome layer 12J of the first workpiece 10 into the uncoated planar joining surfaces. che 21 of the second workpiece 20 are pressed {Fig. Ib). The limited relative movement of the two workpieces 10, 20 in the joining surface 11, 21 by the frictional connection of the two workpieces 10, 20 joined to the component 30 is determined by the structure elevations 14 of the joining surface 11 of the first workpiece 10 anchored in the joining surface 21 of the second workpiece 20 further diminished.
Bei einer in Fig. 2a dargestellten Verbindungsvariante; ist neben der Fügefläche 11 des ersten Werkstücks 10 auclj die Fügefläche 21 des zweiten Werkstücks 20 als strukturierte Oberfläche einer galvanisch erzeugten HartehromsChichjt 22 mit einer Vielzahl von Strukturerhebungen 24 und Strukturtälern 26 ausgebildet.In a connection variant shown in Fig. 2a; is in addition to the joining surface 11 of the first workpiece 10 auclj the joining surface 21 of the second workpiece 20 as a structured surface of a galvanically produced HartehromsChichjt 22 with a plurality of structure elevations 24 and structure valleys 26 formed.
Beim Zusammenbau des Bauteils 30 werden die beiden Werkstücke 10, 20 mit einander anliegenden Fügeflächen 11, 211 ge- geneinander gepresst, so dass die Spitzen der Strukturörhe- bungen 14 der Fügefläche 11 in der Hartchromschicht 12j des i ersten Werkstücks 10 in Strukturtäler 26 der Fügefläche 21 in der Hartchromschicht 22 des zweiten Werkstücks 20 lein- greifen und umgekehrt die Spitzen der Strukturerhebungen 24 der Fügefläche 21 in der Hartchromschicht 22 des zweiten Werkstücks 20 in Strukturtäler 16 der Fügefläche 11 in der Hartchromschicht 12 des ersten Werkstücks 10 eingreifen. Die durch die kraftschlüssige Verbindung der beideni zum Bauteil 30 gefügten Werkstücke 10, 20 eingeschränkte Relativbewegung der beiden Werkstücke 10, 20 in der Fügefläche 11, 21 wird durch die gegenseitige Verkrallung der Strukturerhebungen 14, 24 der Fügefläche 11, 21 der beiden Werkstücke 10, 20 weiter vermindert. During assembly of the component 30, the two workpieces 10, 20 are pressed against each other by abutting joining surfaces 11, 211, so that the tips of the structure holes 14 of the joining surface 11 in the hard chrome layer 12j of the first workpiece 10 are in structure valleys 26 of the joining surface 21 in the hard chrome layer 22 of the second workpiece 20 and vice versa engage the tips of the structure elevations 24 of the joining surface 21 in the hard chrome layer 22 of the second workpiece 20 in structural valleys 16 of the joining surface 11 in the hard chrome layer 12 of the first workpiece 10. The limited relative movement of the two workpieces 10, 20 in the joint surface 11, 21 due to the frictional connection of the two components 30 to the component 30, is limited by the mutual clawing of the structure elevations 14, 24 of the joining surface 11, 21 of the two workpieces 10, 20 further diminished.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 erstes Werkstück10 first workpiece
11 Fügefläche11 joining surface
12 Hartchromschicht 14 Strukturerhebungen12 hard chrome layer 14 structure elevations
16 Strukturtäler16 structural valleys
20 zweites Werkstück20 second workpiece
21 Fügefläche21 joining surface
22 Hartchromschicht 24 Strukturerhebungen22 hard chrome layer 24 structure elevations
26 Strukturtäler a Mittenabstand benachbarter Strukturerhebungen 14, 24 D Durchmesser der Strukturerhebungen 14, 24 26 Structural valleys a Center distance of adjacent structure elevations 14, 24 D Diameters of the structure elevations 14, 24

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Bauteil aus zwei über Fügeflächen (11, 21) kraftschlüssig verbundenen Werkstücken (10, 20) , wobei wenigstens eine Oberfläche im Fügebereich der Werkstücke (10/ 20) eine Oberflächenstruktur mit Strukturerhebungen (14, 24) und Strukturtälern (16, 26) aufweist,1. component of two joining surfaces (11, 21) non-positively connected workpieces (10, 20), wherein at least one surface in the joining region of the workpieces (10/20) has a surface structure with structure elevations (14, 24) and structure valleys (16, 26) having,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dasscharacterized in that
zur Verminderung einer Relativbewegung der beiden Werkstücke (10, 20) alternativfor reducing a relative movement of the two workpieces (10, 20) alternatively
- eine der Fügeflächen (11) der beiden Werkstücke (10) von einer galvanisch abgeschiedenen und eine Vielzahl von Strukturerhebungen (14) aufweisenden Hartchromschicht (12) gebildet ist, wobei die Spitzen der Strukturerhebungen (14) in die unbeschichtete Fügefläche (21) des anderen Werkstücks (20) eingepresst sind, oder- One of the joining surfaces (11) of the two workpieces (10) of a galvanically deposited and a plurality of structure elevations (14) having hard chrome layer (12) is formed, wherein the tips of the structure elevations (14) in the uncoated joint surface (21) of the other Workpiece (20) are pressed, or
- die Fügeflächen (11, 21) beider Werkstücke (10/ 20) von einer galvanisch abgeschiedenen und eine Vielzahl von Strukturerhebungen (14, 24) aufweisenden Hart- chromschicht (12, 22) gebildet sind, wobei die Strukturerhebungen (14) der Fügefläche (11) des einen Werkstücks (10) in die Strukturtäler (26) der Fügefläche (21) des jeweils anderen Werkstücks (20) einragen.- The joining surfaces (11, 21) of both workpieces (10/20) of a galvanically deposited and a plurality of structure elevations (14, 24) having hard chrome layer (12, 22) are formed, wherein the structural elevations (14) of the joint surface ( 11) of the one workpiece (10) in the structure valleys (26) of the joining surface (21) of the respective other workpiece (20) protrude.
2. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strukturerhebungen (14, 24) der Oberflächenstruktur einer im wesentlichen gleichmässigen Zufallsverteilung entspricht.2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure elevations (14, 24) of the surface structure of a substantially uniform random distribution equivalent.
3. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberflächenstruktur einen Rauhigkeitswert i R2 > 5 μm, insbesondere R2 > 10 μm, aufweist.3. Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface structure has a roughness value i R 2 > 5 microns, in particular R 2 > 10 microns.
4. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittenabstand (a) benachbarter Strukturerhebungen (14, 24) dem 0,5- bis 15-fachen1 Betrag des Durchmessers (D) der Strukturerhebungen (14, 24) entspricht.4. Component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the center distance (a) of adjacent structure elevations (14, 24) 0.5 to 15 times 1 amount of the diameter (D) of the structure elevations (14, 24) equivalent.
5. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Werkstücke (10, 20) aus; Metall, insbesondere aus Stahl, Stahlguss, Gusseisen, Hartguss, Kupfer, Nickel, Messing, Bronze, Aluminium oder einer Legierung der vorgenannten Werkstoffe bestehen.5. Component according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the workpieces (10, 20) made; Metal, in particular of steel, cast steel, cast iron, chilled cast iron, copper, nickel, brass, bronze, aluminum or an alloy of the aforementioned materials.
6. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Werkstücke (10, 20) oberer und unterer Kolbenteil eines gebauten Kolbens eines Grossdieselmotors sind. 6. Component according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the workpieces (10, 20) upper and lower piston part of a built piston of a large diesel engine.
PCT/CH2007/000272 2006-06-01 2007-05-29 Component made of two non-positively joined work pieces WO2007137445A1 (en)

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