WO2007136377A1 - soupape de surpression - Google Patents

soupape de surpression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007136377A1
WO2007136377A1 PCT/US2006/019884 US2006019884W WO2007136377A1 WO 2007136377 A1 WO2007136377 A1 WO 2007136377A1 US 2006019884 W US2006019884 W US 2006019884W WO 2007136377 A1 WO2007136377 A1 WO 2007136377A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
relief valve
valve
recess
adjustment screw
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/019884
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ricardo Diaz
Original Assignee
Taprite-Fassco Manufacturing Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Taprite-Fassco Manufacturing Inc. filed Critical Taprite-Fassco Manufacturing Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2006/019884 priority Critical patent/WO2007136377A1/fr
Publication of WO2007136377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007136377A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
    • F16K15/06—Check valves with guided rigid valve members with guided stems
    • F16K15/063—Check valves with guided rigid valve members with guided stems the valve being loaded by a spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/06—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with special arrangements for adjusting the opening pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/0209—Check valves or pivoted valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pressure relief valve that is substantially tamperproof.
  • the pressure relief valve When fluid flowing through the fluid system has a pressure less than a set point of the pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is maintained in a closed position, thereby preventing the exhaust of fluid through the valve.
  • the pressure relief valve When the fluid has a pressure equal to or greater than the set point, the pressure relief valve is urged into an open position, thereby allowing fluid to be exhausted through the valve until the pressure drops back below the set point.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,018,547 to Alcorn discloses a pressure actuated valve that includes a body having first and second ports and that further includes a cap adapted to engage the body.
  • a valve element is positioned within the body and is movable between a position allowing fluid communication between the first and second ports and a position obstructing fluid communication.
  • a plate is positioned within the body at an end opposite the valve element, and the pressure actuated valve includes a spring extending between the valve element and the plate.
  • An adjustment screw extends from the plate, through the cap, and out of the body, such that the screw can be rotated to adjust the set point of the valve.
  • the adjustment screw extends through the cap to permit rotation of the screw, one disadvantage of the Alcorn '547 Patent is that the set point can be easily adjusted by a user regardless of whether such user is authorized to do so.
  • Patents discloses a pressure responsive device that includes a housing bonnet with internal threads and a cap with external threads engaging the internal threads.
  • the pressure responsive device further includes a plunger that has a stem extending out of the housing bonnet through the cap and a spring positioned between the plunger and the cap.
  • a nut is provided with threads that also engages the external threads of the cap, such that turning the nut increases or decreases the distance between the cap and the plunger, thereby increasing or decreasing the displacement of the spring (e.g., the set point of the device).
  • the nut can be turned by any user of the pressure responsive device, one disadvantage of the Thompson '486 Patent is that the set point can be easily adjusted by the user regardless of whether such user is authorized to do so.
  • means for adjusting the set point of a valve are desirable, it is further desirable that personnel unauthorized to adjust the set point are prevented from doing do.
  • a pressure relief valve that inhibits unauthorized adjustment of the set point thereof.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art by providing a pressure relief valve that includes a hollow adjustment screw and a valve stem that cooperates with a recess in the hollow adjustment screw to render the valve substantially tamperproof.
  • Rotation of the hollow adjustment screw is inhibited, except when the recess and the valve stem are engaged by a T-wrench or other tool having an internal geometry sized and dimensioned to mate with the recess and the valve stem.
  • the recess is wedge-shaped, and the hollow adjustment screw is substantially free of exposed flat areas, such that it is difficult to leverage a conventional tool against the pressure relief valve for forcible rotation of the hollow adjustment screw.
  • the pressure relief valve includes a cylindrical housing having fluid outlets, an inlet passage, an annular lip formed near the inlet passage, and internal threads formed at an end of the housing opposite the inlet passage.
  • the pressure relief valve further includes a sealing member which, in a closed position of the valve, is positioned on the annular lip, as well as a hollow adjustment screw positioned substantially within the housing and having the recess and a central opening.
  • a piston includes a piston head that engages the sealing member and a valve stem that extends through the central opening.
  • a spring is compressed and positioned between the hollow adjustment screw and the piston head.
  • the inlet passage is in fluid communication with a regulator or another component of a beverage dispensing system.
  • the spring urges the sealing member into the closed position against the annular lip.
  • the sealing member is urged by fluid to displace the spring and move into an open position, thereby allowing the fluid (e.g., CO 2 ) to flow into the housing and out through the fluid outlets until the fluid pressure decreases to a level less than set point and the spring urges the sealing member back into the closed position.
  • the T-wrench is positioned to mate with the recess and the valve stem, such that rotation of the T-wrench rotates the hollow adjustment screw to increase and/or decrease the distance between the hollow adjustment screw and the piston head, thereby increasing and/or decreasing the displacement (and hence the restoring force) of the spring.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pressure relief valve that is constructed in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention and that is shown in combination with a T-wrench for adjusting a set point of the pressure relief valve;
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the pressure relief valve of FIG. 1 without the T-wrench;
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the pressure relief valve of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure relief valve of FIGS. 1-3, the cross-section having been taken along section line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the pressure relief valve of FIGS. 1-4;
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of the pressure relief valve of FIGS. 1-5;
  • FIG. 7 is a left side elevational view of the pressure relief valve of FIGS. 1-6, a right side elevational view being a mirror image thereof;
  • FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of the hollow adjustment screw of
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an assembly which includes a regulator in combination with the pressure relief valve of FIGS. 1-7 and a second pressure relief valve;
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 9, the pressure relief valve being shown in a closed position;
  • FIG. 11 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 10, except the pressure relief valve is shown in an open position;
  • FIG. 12 is a front elevational view of the T-wrench of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the T-wrench of FIG. 12, the cross- section having been taken along section line 13-13 of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 13A is an enlarged view of the circled portion of the T-wrench shown in FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 14 is a bottom plan view of the T-wrench of FIG. 12.
  • a pressure relief valve 10 is shown in combination with a T-wrench 12 for adjusting a set point of the pressure relief valve 10.
  • the pressure relief valve 10 is discussed below in detail with reference to FIGS. 2-11 and the T-wrench 12 is discussed below in detail with reference to FIGS. 12-14. Further reference is then made to FIG. 1 in discussing operation of the T-wrench 12 to adjust the set point of the pressure relief valve 10. Referring to FIG. 1
  • the pressure relief valve 10 has a central longitudinal axis Ac and includes a housing 14, a sealing member 16, a piston 18, a hollow adjustment screw 20, and a spring 22, each aligned along the central longitudinal axis Ac-
  • the housing 14, the sealing member 16, the piston 18, the hollow adjustment screw 20, and the spring 22 shall each be discussed in further detail below.
  • the housing 14 of the pressure relief valve 10 is rigid and includes a first cylindrical section, referenced herein as an inlet cylinder 24, and a second cylindrical section, referenced herein as an outlet cylinder 26.
  • the outlet cylinder 26 is preferably formed monolithically with the inlet cylinder 24.
  • An inlet passage 28, having a first radius extends through the inlet cylinder 24, while a chamber 30, having a second radius greater than the first radius, extends through the outlet cylinder 26 to an open end 32.
  • the inlet cylinder 24 has threads that are formed on an exterior surface thereof and that are referenced herein as mounting threads 34.
  • the outlet cylinder 26 has threads that are formed on an interior surface thereof and that are referenced herein as adjustment threads 36.
  • the housing 14 includes a plurality of fluid outlets 38a-b that are formed transversely in the outlet cylinder 26 opposite one another and proximal the inlet cylinder 24.
  • the housing 14 further includes an annular flange 40 that has a radius approximately equal to the radius of the inlet cylinder 24 and that extends from the inlet cylinder 24 into the chamber 30.
  • An annular lip 42 extends radially from the inlet cylinder 24 to the outlet cylinder 26 and is preferably formed monolithically with the inlet cylinder 24 and the outlet cylinder 26.
  • the sealing member 16 of the pressure relief valve 10 is formed from rubber and/or another resilient material and is sized and dimensioned to be movably positioned within the chamber 30.
  • the sealing member 16 has a disc-like shape, and a substantially flat surface 44 that faces the inlet cylinder 24. In the closed position of the pressure relief valve 10, the surface 44 seals against the annular flange 40 to form an interference fit between the sealing member 16 and the annular lip 42, thereby obstructing fluid flow from the inlet passage 28 though the chamber
  • the piston 18 of the pressure relief valve 10 is formed from a rigid material and includes a piston head 46 and a valve stem 48.
  • the piston head 46 includes a circular section aligned along the central longitudinal axis Ac, which is referenced herein as a spring stop 50, and which, as further discussed below, abuts the spring 22.
  • the valve stem 48 which shall also be further discussed below with reference to the spring 22, extends along the central longitudinal axis Ac from the spring stop 50 and out of the housing 14 through the open end 32 of the outlet cylinder 26.
  • the piston head 46 includes an annular member, referenced herein as a skirt 52, that depends from the spring stop 50 at a perimeter thereof and that, in the closed position, abuts the annular lip 42.
  • the sealing member 16 is positioned within a recess defined by and between the skirt 52 and the spring stop 50, such that the sealing member 16 is in substantial alignment with the annular flange 40.
  • the sealing member 16 and the piston 18 form an exemplary valve member for the pressure relief valve 10, it is contemplated that the pressure relief valve 10 can include any suitable valve member.
  • the hollow adjustment screw 20 is formed from a rigid material, includes an annular shaft 54 and a screw head 56 having a radius less than that of the annular shaft 54.
  • the annular shaft 54 has threads formed on an exterior surface thereof, which are referenced herein as screw threads 58, and which are positioned proximal the adjustment threads 36 of the housing 14 for engagement therewith.
  • the annular shaft 54 and the screw head 56 define a hollow area 60 therebetween through which the valve stem 48 extends, and which, as further discussed below, receives the spring 22.
  • the screw head 56 is generally cylindrical, and an annular gap 62 is formed between the screw head 56 and the outlet cylinder 26.
  • the screw head 56 extends out through the open end 32 of the outlet cylinder 26, and, as shown, the annular shaft 54 is preferably positioned to be substantially encapsulated within the chamber 30 of the outlet cylinder 26.
  • a central opening 64 is formed through the screw head 56 and the valve stem 48 extends therethrough.
  • the screw head 56 includes a recess 66 that functions as a purchase.
  • the screw head 56 also includes a solid section having a C-shape that, solely for the purposes of designation, is referenced herein as an unrecessed section 68.
  • a pair of radially-extending walls 67a-b are formed in the screw head 56 to define the recess 66 (see FIGS. 5 and 8), and the recess 66 extends radially inward from a side surface of the screw head 56 (e.g., from an annular external surface, an outer peripheral edge, etc.).
  • the recess 66 can be characterized as having a wedge- shape, when viewed from above (see FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 5, it is preferred, but not required, that the recess resemble a ninety degree sector.
  • the spring 22 and/or another urging member is positioned within the chamber 30 of the outlet cylinder 26 and the hollow area 60 of the hollow adjustment screw 20.
  • a first end of the spring 22 abuts against the spring stop 50 of the piston head 46, and a second end of the spring 22 abuts against a surface of the screw head 56 facing the hollow area 60.
  • the spring 22 is compressed to exert a restoring force against the piston head 46 in a direction toward the inlet cylinder 24, which, in the closed position of the pressure relief valve
  • valve stem 48 extends along the central longitudinal axis A c through the spring 22.
  • the pressure relief valve 10 can be used in conjunction with a regulator 70.
  • the regulator 70 which may be a component of a beverage dispensing system (not shown), reduces the pressure of CO 2 gas flowing therethrough without exhausting any of the CO 2 gas.
  • the pressure relief valve 10 is positioned in fluid communication with the regulator 70 for quickly exhausting CO 2 gas if a dramatic rise in pressure occurs.
  • the pressure relief valve 10 is typically in the closed position to obstruct exhaust of CO 2 gas therethrough.
  • FIG. 10 discussed in detail below with reference to FIG.
  • pressure relief valve 10 if and when the pressure of the CO 2 gas exceeds a safe maximum pressure commensurate with the valve set point, pressure relief valve 10 is urged into an open position, thereby exhausting some of the CO 2 gas to reduce the pressure.
  • a second pressure relief valve 72 can be used in combination with the regulator 70 and the pressure relief valve 10 to enhance safety.
  • the mounting threads 34 of the pressure relief valve 10 secure the inlet cylinder 24 to corresponding threads on the regulator 70, such that the inlet passage 28 is in fluid communication with CO 2 gas flowing through the regulator 70.
  • the spring 22 forces the piston 18 in a direction toward the inlet passage 28, so as to urge the sealing member 16 against the annular lip 42 to form an interference fit, and thereby prevent the flow of CO 2 gas into the chamber 30 and out of the fluid outlets 38a and
  • a user of the pressure relief valve 10 can, by suitable means known in the art, determine the safe maximum pressure above which CO 2 gas should be exhausted from the beverage dispensing system and then, in accordance with the present invention, adjust the set point.
  • the set point is commensurate with the restoring force of the spring 22 and can thus be increased and/or decreased by increasing and/or decreasing the displacement of the spring 22.
  • the user rotates the hollow adjustment screw 20 to increase and/or decrease the distance between the screw head 56 and the piston head 46, thereby increasing and/or decreasing the displacement (and hence the restoring force) of the spring 22.
  • the T-wrench 12 is formed from a rigid material and includes a generally cylindrical shaft 74 and a handle 76.
  • the cylindrical shaft 74 has a bore 78 formed transversely through an end thereof and the handle 76 extends through the bore 78.
  • the cylindrical shaft 74 includes an end that is opposite the bore 78 and that has an internal geometry sized and dimensioned to mate with the hollow adjustment screw 20. More particularly, the cylindrical shaft 74 includes a first annular section 80 defining a bore 82, a wedge 84 extending from the first annular section 80, and a second annular section 88 that extends from the wedge 84 and the first annular section 80.
  • the wedge 84 and the second annular section 88 define an opening, which is referenced herein as a C-shaped receiving area 86.
  • An opening is also defined within the second annular section 88 that is contiguous with the C- shaped receiving area 86, the opening being referenced herein as a cylindrical receiving area 90.
  • the internal geometry of the T-wrench 12 is sized and dimensioned to mate with the pressure relief valve 10 for adjustment of the set point.
  • the bore 82 receives the valve stem 48 to align the T-wrench 12 along the central longitudinal axis Ac of the pressure relief valve 10.
  • the C-shaped receiving area 86 receives the unrecessed section 68, and the recess 66 receives the wedge 84, such that an interference fit is formed between the T-wrench 12 and the hollow adjustment screw 20.
  • the annular gap 62 of the pressure relief valve 10 receives the second annular section 88 of the T-wrench 12, such that the cylindrical receiving area 90 of the T-wrench 12 receives the screw head 56.
  • the wedge 84 urges the unrecessed section 68 of the screw head 56 so as to rotate the hollow adjustment screw 20, thereby decreasing and/or increasing the displacement (and restoring force) of the spring 22.
  • valve stem 48 extends through the central opening 64 of the hollow adjustment screw 20
  • a conventional screwdriver or other conventional tool typically cannot be placed in the recess 66 and leveraged against the unrecessed section 68 to forcibly rotate the hollow adjustment screw 20.
  • the exemplary pressure relief valve 10 has advantages in addition to inhibiting unauthorized adjustment of the set point.
  • the pressure relief valve 10 has a low blow-down value, such that, when the pressure relief valve 10 is in an open position and the pressure decreases below the set point, the pressure relief valve 10 will quickly transition to the closed position.
  • the valve stem 48 is in substantial alignment with the central opening 64 and the piston head 46 is in substantial alignment with the outlet cylinder 26, such that the piston 18 has minimal frictional contact with the housing 14 and the hollow adjustment screw 20 when moving between the open and closed positions.
  • the piston 18 transfers less than its full load to the region of the sealing member 16 obstructing the inlet passage 28, which minimizes compression of the resilient sealing member 16, thereby minimizing break-away friction when the sealing member 16 moves from the closed position to the open position.
  • Another advantage of the exemplary pressure relief valve 10 is that the fluid outlets 38a-b are positioned with respect to the annular lip 42 so as to minimize chatter.
  • the term "chatter” generally refers to the rapid opening and closing of a valve that can occur as the fluid pressure increases from a level below the set point to a level above the set point. Chatter may be minimized by utilizing a strong spring (e.g., a high spring constant) and/or by having the fluid outlets 38a-b positioned in substantial alignment with that point along the central longitudinal axis Ac at which the piston head is located during the open position of the valve 10. Accordingly, preferred embodiments of the pressure relief valve 10 minimize chatter by achieving a wide-open condition at the instant the fluid pressure rises above the set point.
  • a strong spring e.g., a high spring constant
  • the exemplary pressure relief valve 10 also has other advantages. For example, the internal components thereof are protected from harm that could otherwise be caused by environmental forces. Also, as shown in FIG. 2, the exemplary pressure relief valve 10 has a streamlined design with a relatively low number of components (e.g., the housing 14, the sealing member 16, the piston 18, the hollow adjustment screw member 20, and the spring 22), thereby increasing manufacturing efficiencies and decreasing the costs associated therewith.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une soupape de surpression(10) qui comporte une vis de réglage creuse (20) et une tige de soupape (48) qui coopère avec une cavité (66) aménagée dans la vis de réglage creuse (20) pour rendre la soupape (10) sensiblement inviolable. La rotation de la vis de réglage creuse (20) est impossible, sauf lorsque la cavité (66) et la tige de soupape (48) sont enclanchées par un outil spécial (12) dont la géométrie interne est taillée et dimensionnée pour s'accoupler avec la cavité (66) et la tige de soupape (48). La cavité (66) est, de préférence, en forme de coin (Figure 1).
PCT/US2006/019884 2006-05-23 2006-05-23 soupape de surpression WO2007136377A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/019884 WO2007136377A1 (fr) 2006-05-23 2006-05-23 soupape de surpression

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/019884 WO2007136377A1 (fr) 2006-05-23 2006-05-23 soupape de surpression

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007136377A1 true WO2007136377A1 (fr) 2007-11-29

Family

ID=37606869

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2006/019884 WO2007136377A1 (fr) 2006-05-23 2006-05-23 soupape de surpression

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2007136377A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105485368A (zh) * 2016-01-29 2016-04-13 朱志斌 无阻力旋塞阀
DE102016205200A1 (de) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rückschlagventil, Rückschlagventilsystem und Verfahren zur Stellung eines Rückschlagventils
CN112728169A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-30 陈忠菊 一种具有调节功能的单向阀

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US977486A (en) 1910-02-28 1910-12-06 Hugh Perronet Thompson Pressure-responsive device.
GB1095046A (en) * 1964-08-14 1967-12-13 Seetru Ltd Improvements in relief valves
US4022113A (en) * 1975-12-10 1977-05-10 Blatt Leland F Flow control valve
US5018547A (en) 1990-04-30 1991-05-28 Alcorn Arlo S Pressure actuated valve
DE29721850U1 (de) * 1997-12-12 1998-02-05 Erwes Pneumatic GmbH, 44319 Dortmund Sicherheitsventil
WO2002062595A1 (fr) * 2001-02-06 2002-08-15 Staun Pty Ltd. Valve d'equilibrage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US977486A (en) 1910-02-28 1910-12-06 Hugh Perronet Thompson Pressure-responsive device.
GB1095046A (en) * 1964-08-14 1967-12-13 Seetru Ltd Improvements in relief valves
US4022113A (en) * 1975-12-10 1977-05-10 Blatt Leland F Flow control valve
US5018547A (en) 1990-04-30 1991-05-28 Alcorn Arlo S Pressure actuated valve
DE29721850U1 (de) * 1997-12-12 1998-02-05 Erwes Pneumatic GmbH, 44319 Dortmund Sicherheitsventil
WO2002062595A1 (fr) * 2001-02-06 2002-08-15 Staun Pty Ltd. Valve d'equilibrage

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105485368A (zh) * 2016-01-29 2016-04-13 朱志斌 无阻力旋塞阀
DE102016205200A1 (de) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rückschlagventil, Rückschlagventilsystem und Verfahren zur Stellung eines Rückschlagventils
CN112728169A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-30 陈忠菊 一种具有调节功能的单向阀

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