WO2007132080A1 - Filter, method for the production thereof, and installation for treating effluents using such a filter - Google Patents

Filter, method for the production thereof, and installation for treating effluents using such a filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007132080A1
WO2007132080A1 PCT/FR2007/000782 FR2007000782W WO2007132080A1 WO 2007132080 A1 WO2007132080 A1 WO 2007132080A1 FR 2007000782 W FR2007000782 W FR 2007000782W WO 2007132080 A1 WO2007132080 A1 WO 2007132080A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
compacted
effluents
straw
layers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2007/000782
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Delaine
Original Assignee
Nexter Munitions
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nexter Munitions filed Critical Nexter Munitions
Publication of WO2007132080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007132080A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/04—Organic material, e.g. cellulose, cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
    • B01D2239/0266—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials comprising biodegradable or bio-soluble polymers

Definitions

  • FILTER METHOD FOR SUCH A FILTER AND TREATMENT PLANT FOR WASTE 1 IMPLEMENTING SUCH FILTER
  • the technical field of the invention is that of filters and more particularly filters for the treatment of organic effluents.
  • Effluent filtration poses many problems.
  • Known filters use membranes and sieves and are subject to clogging that requires the shutdown of facilities.
  • coarse filters are used which are arranged upstream of the fermentation stations and which make it possible to stop the debris, and fine filters are also used which are arranged downstream of these stations and which make it possible to obtain the desired water quality for a power system.
  • the invention aims to provide a filter for ensuring in a simple manner and with reduced risks of clogging the treatment of such effluents.
  • the subject of the invention is a filter, in particular for organic effluents, which is characterized in that it comprises at least one layer of a fibrous organic material compacted plant or animal origin arranged in a case of biodegradable material.
  • the filter comprises at least two layers of compacted fibrous material.
  • the filter may comprise at least two layers of compacted fibrous material having different compaction rates.
  • the filter will more particularly comprise an upstream part at which the effluents will be fed and a downstream part at which the filtered water will be evacuated, the most compacted layers being in the vicinity of the downstream part and the least compacted layers. in the vicinity of the upstream part.
  • the filter may comprise at least one layer of activated carbon.
  • the case may be made of a material selected from the following materials: cardboard, wood, bamboo, cotton hemp fabric or natural wool.
  • the case may be closed at its downstream part by a bottom bearing orifices, bottom made of a biodegradable material.
  • the compacted fibrous material may be selected from the following materials: straw, wool.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a filter, in which straw is used as fibrous material and characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the straw is ground so as to produce strands having an average length of between 10 mm and 300 mm,
  • the invention finally relates to a treatment installation of effluents 1 implementing such a filter, the installation being characterized in that the filter is arranged in a filter holder connected upstream to a buffer tank by means of pumping means.
  • the filter holder comprises a metal casing ensuring the mechanical strength of the filter during filtering operations and the sealing of the filtering.
  • the installation comprises at least two filters and a distributor for sending the effluents from the pumping means to one or other of the filters.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a filter according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of a filter according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of a filter installation implementing filters according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a filter 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • This filter comprises a layer 2 of a compacted fibrous organic material of vegetable or animal origin which is arranged in a case 3 of biodegradable material.
  • the filter 1 comprises an upstream portion 1a at which the effluents to be filtered will be introduced and a downstream portion Ib at which the filtered water will be evacuated.
  • the case 3 is closed at the downstream part by a bottom 4 carrying orifices 5.
  • the bottom 4 is also made of a biodegradable material.
  • the compacted fibrous material may advantageously be a material of plant origin, for example a cereal straw (wheat, rye, barley, oats). This straw is dried before being crushed and compacted.
  • a cereal straw wheat, rye, barley, oats. This straw is dried before being crushed and compacted.
  • the fineness of the grinding and the rate of compaction depend on the fineness of the desired filtering. Concretely the straw will be milled so as to obtain strands having an average length of the order of 10 mm to 300 mm.
  • This milled straw is then compacted so as to obtain a density of the straw layer of between 1.5 and 5.
  • the compacting will preferably be carried out directly in the case 3 by means of a uni-axial press
  • a material of animal origin for example sheep's or goat's wool, may be used as fibrous material.
  • This embodiment simplifies the manufacture of the filter since it is not necessary to grind the wool, it suffices to simply compact it in the case with the desired density.
  • the nature of the filter will depend essentially on the resources to be valorised at the level of the farm (straws or wool).
  • the case 3 and its bottom 4 will be made of a biodegradable material. It can for example make holster and bottom cardboard or wood. They can also be made of another plant material, for example woven bamboo bark or a fabric based on plant fibers such as hemp, cotton or natural wool.
  • the case has the function of ensuring the maintenance and mechanical cohesion of the straw layer 2. It facilitates the handling and storage of the filters.
  • the case does not have against against the sealing and the mechanical strength of the filter during the filtering operations themselves. Indeed, as will be explained later, the filter will be arranged for use in a sealed metal housing integral with the filter installation.
  • the case will have the smallest possible thickness.
  • a wooden case should not exceed 1 to 2 mm thick to facilitate subsequent composting.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the filter material
  • the invention thus makes it possible to efficiently conserve the straws resulting from the cereal culture or the clippings of animals on the farms.
  • the filters can also be made at the farm level and used at remote sites that are independent of the farm (for example at slaughterhouses).
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the structure of a fibrous layer (straw or wool) provides filtration while being insensitive to sealing. This is due to the large number of possible paths for the effluents, which are delimited by the strands of straw or wool fibers.
  • the filter loaded with wastewater residues can be composted (if the filtered effluents are of organic origin).
  • the filter is composted with its case which is also chosen in a biodegradable material.
  • the composting of straw or wool is activated, thus facilitated, thanks to the impregnation of the straw or the wool by the residues of filtering.
  • the filter according to the invention for filtering other types of materials than organic effluents, for example the fluids used for the machining of metals, or the effluents of heat treatments. In this case composting is excluded. But the filter and its case can be incinerated, or even used as industrial fuels.
  • the dimensions of the filter 1 will depend on the effluent flow to be treated. Cylindrical filters having a diameter of between 50 mm and 500 mm can be easily produced.
  • FIG. 2 shows a filter 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This filter also has a case 3 of biodegradable material and closed by a bottom 4.
  • the filter 1 here comprises four layers of straw 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. Furthermore the filter also comprises a layer 6 of activated carbon which is interposed between the straw layers 2c and 2d. This activated carbon layer has the function of completing the filtering by the adsorption of certain organic or inorganic pollutants.
  • the layer 6 of activated carbon most preferably downstream of the filter 1 will preferably be disposed.
  • the compacted straw layers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d have different compaction rates.
  • the most compacted straw layers are in the vicinity of the downstream part Ib while the least compacted layers are disposed in the vicinity of the upstream part la.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to ensure progressive filtering within the filter and avoids any premature clogging of the filter. It also makes it possible to obtain a filtered water of better quality since it makes it possible to retain practically all the micrometric particles in suspension.
  • the least compacted layer (2a) ensures the retention of the largest impurities without being sealed.
  • the fineness of the filtration increases as the water progresses through the different layers 2b, 2c and 2d.
  • the activated carbon layer completes the filtering.
  • a filtering of organic effluents such as wastewater from stables, may implement a first layer 2a having a density between 1.5 and 2, a second layer 2b having a density of between 2 and 2.5, a third layer 2c having a density of between 2.5 and 3 and a fourth layer 2d having a density of between 3 and 3.5.
  • the filter can be composted, activated carbon can also lighten the compost, or incinerated.
  • activated carbon can also lighten the compost, or incinerated.
  • the method of manufacturing a filter according to the invention therefore comprises the following steps: grinding the straw (previously dried) so as to produce strands having a mean length of between 10 mm and 300 mm. This grinding is performed using a rotary knife system.
  • the milled straw is then compacted directly inside the holster. It implements a uniaxial press comprising a bucket receiving the holster and avoiding its deformation.
  • the bucket will have a housing having a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the holster.
  • the punch of the press will also have a diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the case.
  • the filter comprises several layers of fibrous material, the different layers are successively compressed one on the other in the case. Note that the most compact layer is the one at the bottom of the holster, so the one that is compacted first.
  • the compaction rates will be chosen according to the desired filtering characteristics and the nature of the fibrous material used.
  • the filter according to the invention is implemented in an effluent treatment plant.
  • FIG. 3 schematizes the organization of such an installation 7.
  • the effluents are fed via a pipe 8 to a buffer tank 9 which ensures intermediate storage of the effluents 10 before their filtration.
  • the installation generally operates intermittently and filtration is controlled only when the volume of effluent to be treated reaches a certain level.
  • the tank is constituted by a tank 9, for example made of concrete which receives the effluents 10.
  • a grid 14 may be provided between the tank 9 and the collector 12 in order to retain very large residues likely to close the pipes.
  • a pump 15 is interposed on the pipe 11 and makes it possible to conduct the effluents coming from the tank 9 towards the filter (s) 1.
  • Each filter is arranged in a filter holder 16 which is a metal casing ensuring the mechanical strength of the filter 1 during filtering operations and the sealing of the filtering.
  • a distributor 17 makes it possible to send the effluents coming from the pump to one or other of the filters 1. Provision makes it possible to replace one of the filters during the filtering operation.
  • the filter holder 16 maintains the filter in the absence of air which avoids the degradation or rotting of the filter material between two filtering operations.
  • the filter holder thus makes it possible to preserve the wet filter during a shutdown of the installation.
  • the user will ensure at the end of a filtering operation that the filter holder remains filled with effluents.
  • the shut-off valve will for example be closed simultaneously with the stopping of the pump 15.
  • the filtered water is recovered downstream of the filters 1 by pipes 18 and a collector 19.
  • the water can be used for routine operations of a farm (watering, cleaning).
  • a second filtering stage (not shown) using, for example, microporous membranes and activated carbon blocks would make it possible to obtain drinking water.
  • This stage will of course be located downstream of the battery of the straw block filters 1. To save the micro-porous filters it will be possible to apply the second filtration stage to only a fraction of the treated water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter (1), especially for organic effluents, said filter being characterised in that it comprises a least one layer (2) of a compacted fibrous organic material of plant or animal origin inserted into a sheath (3) consisting of a biodegradable material. Said filter can be used in the production of installations for treating organic effluents.

Description

FILTRE, PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN TEL FILTRE ET INSTALLATION DE TRAITEMENT D1EFFLUENTS METTANT EN ŒUVRE UN TEL FILTREFILTER, METHOD FOR SUCH A FILTER AND TREATMENT PLANT FOR WASTE 1 IMPLEMENTING SUCH FILTER
Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des filtres et plus particulièrement des filtres pour le traitement des effluents organiques.The technical field of the invention is that of filters and more particularly filters for the treatment of organic effluents.
Le filtrage des effluents pose de nombreux problèmes. Les filtres connus mettent en œuvre des membranes et des tamis et sont sujets à des colmatages qui imposent l'arrêt des installations .Effluent filtration poses many problems. Known filters use membranes and sieves and are subject to clogging that requires the shutdown of facilities.
On utilise donc pour le traitement des eaux des filtres grossiers qui sont disposés en amont des stations de fermentations et qui permettent d'arrêter les débris et on met également en œuvre des filtres fins qui sont disposés en aval de ces stations et qui permettent d'obtenir la qualité d'eau souhaitée pour un réseau d'alimentation.Thus, for the treatment of water, coarse filters are used which are arranged upstream of the fermentation stations and which make it possible to stop the debris, and fine filters are also used which are arranged downstream of these stations and which make it possible to obtain the desired water quality for a power system.
Les gros volumes d' effluents à traiter imposent des bassins de digestion / fermentation de taille importante et des bassins de stockage intermédiaire. Ces solutions n'empêchent cependant pas le colmatage des filtres qu'il est nécessaire de démonter et nettoyer.The large volumes of effluent to be treated impose large digestion / fermentation tanks and intermediate storage ponds. These solutions, however, do not prevent clogging of the filters that must be dismantled and cleaned.
Les solutions connues sont mal adaptées à de petites stations de traitement, par exemple à des stations équipant une exploitation agricole et qui sans fournir une eau de qualité parfaite doivent assurer simplement un pré traitement des eaux avant leur rejet dans la nature.Known solutions are poorly adapted to small treatment plants, for example to stations equipping a farm and that without providing water of perfect quality must simply provide pre-treatment of water before their release into the wild.
L'invention a pour but de proposer un filtre permettant d'assurer d'une façon simple et avec des risques de colmatage réduits le traitement de tels effluents.The invention aims to provide a filter for ensuring in a simple manner and with reduced risks of clogging the treatment of such effluents.
L'invention permet également de réaliser un tel filtre à moindre coût en mettant en œuvre des matériaux biodégradables ou recyclables obtenus directement sur l'exploitation agricole elle-même. Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un filtre, notamment pour effluents organiques, qui est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une couche d'un matériau organique fibreux compacté d'origine végétale ou animale disposée dans un étui en matériau biodégradable.The invention also makes it possible to produce such a filter at a lower cost by implementing biodegradable or recyclable materials obtained directly on the farm itself. Thus, the subject of the invention is a filter, in particular for organic effluents, which is characterized in that it comprises at least one layer of a fibrous organic material compacted plant or animal origin arranged in a case of biodegradable material.
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le filtre comporte au moins deux couches de matériau fibreux compactées .According to a particular embodiment, the filter comprises at least two layers of compacted fibrous material.
Le filtre pourra comporter au moins deux couches de matériau fibreux compactées ayant des taux de compaction différents .The filter may comprise at least two layers of compacted fibrous material having different compaction rates.
Le filtre comportera plus particulièrement une partie amont au niveau de laquelle seront amenés les effluents et une partie aval au niveau de laquelle sera évacuée l'eau filtrée, les couches les plus compactées se trouvant au voisinage de la partie aval et les couches les moins compactées au voisinage de la partie amont. Avantageusement, le filtre pourra comporter au moins une couche de charbon actif.The filter will more particularly comprise an upstream part at which the effluents will be fed and a downstream part at which the filtered water will be evacuated, the most compacted layers being in the vicinity of the downstream part and the least compacted layers. in the vicinity of the upstream part. Advantageously, the filter may comprise at least one layer of activated carbon.
L'étui pourra être réalisé en un matériau choisi parmi les matériaux suivants : carton, bois, bambou, tissu de chanvre de coton ou de laine naturelle. L'étui pourra être fermé au niveau de sa partie aval par un fond portant des orifices, fond réalisé en un matériau biodégradable .The case may be made of a material selected from the following materials: cardboard, wood, bamboo, cotton hemp fabric or natural wool. The case may be closed at its downstream part by a bottom bearing orifices, bottom made of a biodegradable material.
Le matériau fibreux compacté pourra être choisi parmi les matériaux suivants : paille, laine. L'invention vise également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel filtre, procédé dans lequel on met en oeuvre comme matériau fibreux de la paille et caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :The compacted fibrous material may be selected from the following materials: straw, wool. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a filter, in which straw is used as fibrous material and characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- on broie la paille de façon à réaliser des brins ayant une longueur moyenne comprise entre 10 mm et 300 mm,the straw is ground so as to produce strands having an average length of between 10 mm and 300 mm,
- on compacte la paille broyée à l'intérieur d'un étui. L'invention vise enfin une installation de traitement d1 effluents mettant en œuvre un tel filtre, installation caractérisée en ce que le filtre est disposé dans un porte filtre relié en amont à un bac tampon par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de pompage. Avantageusement, le porte filtre comprend une enveloppe métallique assurant la tenue mécanique du filtre lors des opérations de filtrage ainsi que l'étanchéité du filtrage.- We compact the crushed straw inside a holster. The invention finally relates to a treatment installation of effluents 1 implementing such a filter, the installation being characterized in that the filter is arranged in a filter holder connected upstream to a buffer tank by means of pumping means. Advantageously, the filter holder comprises a metal casing ensuring the mechanical strength of the filter during filtering operations and the sealing of the filtering.
Avantageusement encore l'installation comporteau moins deux filtres et un distributeur permettant d'envoyer les effluents issus du moyen de pompage vers l'un ou l'autre des filtres .Advantageously, the installation comprises at least two filters and a distributor for sending the effluents from the pumping means to one or other of the filters.
L'installation comprend une vanne d'arrêt en sortie de chaque porte filtre. D'autres avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :The installation includes a stop valve at the outlet of each filter holder. Other advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments, a description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un filtre selon l'invention,FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a filter according to the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un second mode de réalisation d'un filtre selon l'invention, la figure 3 est un schéma d'une installation de filtrage mettant en œuvre des filtres selon l'invention. La figure 1 montre un filtre 1 suivant un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. Ce filtre comporte une couche 2 d'un matériau organique fibreux compacté d'origine végétale ou animale qui est disposé dans un étui 3 en matériau biodégradable . Le filtre 1 comporte une partie amont la au niveau de laquelle seront introduits les effluents à filtrer et une partie aval Ib au niveau de laquelle sera évacuée l'eau filtrée.- Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of a filter according to the invention, Figure 3 is a diagram of a filter installation implementing filters according to the invention. Figure 1 shows a filter 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. This filter comprises a layer 2 of a compacted fibrous organic material of vegetable or animal origin which is arranged in a case 3 of biodegradable material. The filter 1 comprises an upstream portion 1a at which the effluents to be filtered will be introduced and a downstream portion Ib at which the filtered water will be evacuated.
L'étui 3 est fermé au niveau de la partie aval par un fond 4 portant des orifices 5. Le fond 4 est lui aussi réalisé en un matériau biodégradable.The case 3 is closed at the downstream part by a bottom 4 carrying orifices 5. The bottom 4 is also made of a biodegradable material.
Le matériau fibreux compacté pourra avantageusement être un matériau d'origine végétale, par exemple une paille de céréale (blé, seigle, orge, avoine) . Cette paille est préalablement séchée puis broyée et compactée .The compacted fibrous material may advantageously be a material of plant origin, for example a cereal straw (wheat, rye, barley, oats). This straw is dried before being crushed and compacted.
La finesse du broyage et le taux de compaction dépendent de la finesse du filtrage recherchée. Concrètement on broiera la paille de façon à obtenir des brins ayant une longueur moyenne de l'ordre de 10 mm à 300 mm.The fineness of the grinding and the rate of compaction depend on the fineness of the desired filtering. Concretely the straw will be milled so as to obtain strands having an average length of the order of 10 mm to 300 mm.
On compactera ensuite cette paille broyée de façon à obtenir une densité de la couche de paille comprise entre 1,5 et 5.This milled straw is then compacted so as to obtain a density of the straw layer of between 1.5 and 5.
Le broyage sera réalisé à l'aide de systèmes à couteaux rotatifsGrinding will be carried out using rotary knife systems
Le compactage sera de préférence réalisé directement dans l'étui 3 à l'aide d'une presse uni axialeThe compacting will preferably be carried out directly in the case 3 by means of a uni-axial press
A titre de variante on pourra utiliser comme matériau fibreux un matériau d'origine animale, par exemple de la laine d'ovin ou de caprin.Alternatively, a material of animal origin, for example sheep's or goat's wool, may be used as fibrous material.
Ce mode de réalisation simplifie la fabrication du filtre puisqu'il n'est pas nécessaire de broyer la laine, il suffit de procéder simplement à son compactage dans l'étui avec la densité souhaitée.This embodiment simplifies the manufacture of the filter since it is not necessary to grind the wool, it suffices to simply compact it in the case with the desired density.
La nature du filtre dépendra essentiellement des ressources à valoriser au niveau de l'exploitation agricole (pailles ou laine) .The nature of the filter will depend essentially on the resources to be valorised at the level of the farm (straws or wool).
L'étui 3 et son fond 4 seront réalisés en un matériau biodégradable. On pourra par exemple réaliser étui et fond en carton ou encore en bois. On pourra également les réaliser en un autre matériau végétal, par exemple en écorce de bambou tressée ou bien en un tissu à base de fibres végétales telles que le chanvre, le coton ou la laine naturelle.The case 3 and its bottom 4 will be made of a biodegradable material. It can for example make holster and bottom cardboard or wood. They can also be made of another plant material, for example woven bamboo bark or a fabric based on plant fibers such as hemp, cotton or natural wool.
L'étui a pour fonction d'assurer le maintien et la cohésion mécanique de la couche de paille 2. Il permet de faciliter la manipulation et le stockage des filtres. L'étui n'a pas par contre à assurer l'étanchéité et la résistance mécanique du filtre au cours des opérations de filtrage elles même. En effet, comme cela sera exposé par la suite, le filtre sera disposé pour son utilisation dans un boîtier métallique étanche solidaire de l'installation de filtrage.The case has the function of ensuring the maintenance and mechanical cohesion of the straw layer 2. It facilitates the handling and storage of the filters. The case does not have against against the sealing and the mechanical strength of the filter during the filtering operations themselves. Indeed, as will be explained later, the filter will be arranged for use in a sealed metal housing integral with the filter installation.
Concrètement l'étui aura l'épaisseur la plus réduite possible. Un étui en bois ne devra pas dépasser 1 à 2 mm d'épaisseur pour faciliter son compostage ultérieur. Un avantage de l'invention est que le matériau du filtreConcretely the case will have the smallest possible thickness. A wooden case should not exceed 1 to 2 mm thick to facilitate subsequent composting. An advantage of the invention is that the filter material
(voire de l'étui) peut être obtenu directement dans l'exploitation agricole utilisant l'installation de filtrage.(or holster) can be obtained directly from the farm using the filtering facility.
L'invention permet ainsi de valoriser les pailles issues de la culture céréalière ou les tontes d'animaux dans les élevages .The invention thus makes it possible to valorize the straws resulting from the cereal culture or the clippings of animals on the farms.
Les filtres pourront également être réalisés au niveau de l'exploitation agricole et utilisés sur des sites distants et indépendants de l'exploitation (par exemple au niveau d'abattoirs) .The filters can also be made at the farm level and used at remote sites that are independent of the farm (for example at slaughterhouses).
Un autre avantage de l'invention est que la structure d'une couche fibreuse (paille ou laine) assure la filtration tout en étant peu sensible à l'obturation. Cela est dû aux grands nombres de chemins possibles pour les effluents, chemins qui sont délimités par les brins de paille ou par les fibres de laine.Another advantage of the invention is that the structure of a fibrous layer (straw or wool) provides filtration while being insensitive to sealing. This is due to the large number of possible paths for the effluents, which are delimited by the strands of straw or wool fibers.
Par ailleurs, après utilisation, le filtre chargé de résidus d'épuration peut être composté (si les effluents filtrés sont d'origine organique). Le filtre est composté avec son étui qui est choisi lui aussi en un matériau biodégradable .Furthermore, after use, the filter loaded with wastewater residues can be composted (if the filtered effluents are of organic origin). The filter is composted with its case which is also chosen in a biodegradable material.
Le compostage des pailles ou laines se trouve activé, donc facilité, grâce à l'imprégnation de la paille ou de la laine par les résidus de filtrage. II est bien entendu possible de mettre en œuvre le filtre selon l'invention pour filtrer d'autres types de matériaux que des effluents organiques, par exemple les fluides utilisés pour l'usinage des métaux, ou les effluents de traitements thermiques.... Dans ce cas le compostage est exclu. Mais le filtre et son étui peuvent être incinérés, voire utilisés comme combustibles industriels.The composting of straw or wool is activated, thus facilitated, thanks to the impregnation of the straw or the wool by the residues of filtering. It is of course possible to use the filter according to the invention for filtering other types of materials than organic effluents, for example the fluids used for the machining of metals, or the effluents of heat treatments. In this case composting is excluded. But the filter and its case can be incinerated, or even used as industrial fuels.
Les dimensions du filtre 1 dépendront du débit d'effluents à traiter. On pourra aisément réaliser des filtres cylindriques ayant un diamètre compris entre 50 mm et 500 mm.The dimensions of the filter 1 will depend on the effluent flow to be treated. Cylindrical filters having a diameter of between 50 mm and 500 mm can be easily produced.
La figure 2 montre un filtre 1 suivant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Ce filtre comporte lui aussi un étui 3 en matériau biodégradable et fermé par un fond 4.FIG. 2 shows a filter 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. This filter also has a case 3 of biodegradable material and closed by a bottom 4.
Il diffère du filtre précédemment décrit en ce qu'il comporte plusieurs couches 2 superposées de matériau organique fibreux, par exemple de paille compactée.It differs from the previously described filter in that it comprises several superimposed layers 2 of fibrous organic material, for example compacted straw.
Le filtre 1 comporte ici quatre couches de paille 2a, 2b, 2c et 2d. Par ailleurs le filtre comporte également une couche 6 de charbon actif qui est interposée entre les couches de paille 2c et 2d. Cette couche de charbon actif a pour fonction de compléter le filtrage par l'adsorption de certains polluants organiques ou minéraux.The filter 1 here comprises four layers of straw 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. Furthermore the filter also comprises a layer 6 of activated carbon which is interposed between the straw layers 2c and 2d. This activated carbon layer has the function of completing the filtering by the adsorption of certain organic or inorganic pollutants.
On obtient ainsi une meilleure qualité pour l'eau rejetée en sortie du filtre 1. Afin d'éviter sa dégradation ou son colmatage prématuré, on disposera de préférence la couche 6 de charbon actif le plus en aval du filtre 1.A better quality is thus obtained for the water discharged at the outlet of the filter 1. In order to prevent its degradation or premature clogging, the layer 6 of activated carbon most preferably downstream of the filter 1 will preferably be disposed.
Selon une autre caractéristique de ce mode de réalisation, les couches de paille compactées 2a, 2b, 2c et 2d ont des taux de compaction différents.According to another characteristic of this embodiment, the compacted straw layers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d have different compaction rates.
Les couches de paille les plus compactées se trouvent au voisinage de la partie aval Ib alors que les couches les moins compactées sont disposées au voisinage de la partie amont la. Une telle disposition permet d'assurer un filtrage progressif au sein du filtre et évite tout encrassement prématuré du filtre. Elle permet aussi d'obtenir une eau filtrée de meilleure qualité puisqu'elle permet de retenir pratiquement la totalité des particules micrométriques en suspension.The most compacted straw layers are in the vicinity of the downstream part Ib while the least compacted layers are disposed in the vicinity of the upstream part la. Such an arrangement makes it possible to ensure progressive filtering within the filter and avoids any premature clogging of the filter. It also makes it possible to obtain a filtered water of better quality since it makes it possible to retain practically all the micrometric particles in suspension.
La couche la moins compactée (2a) assure la retenue des impuretés les plus grosses sans être pour autant obturée.The least compacted layer (2a) ensures the retention of the largest impurities without being sealed.
La finesse de la filtration s'accroît au fur et à mesure de la progression de l'eau au travers des différentes couches 2b, 2c et 2d.The fineness of the filtration increases as the water progresses through the different layers 2b, 2c and 2d.
La couche de charbon actif complète le filtrage. Concrètement, pour assurer un filtrage d'effluents organiques, tels que des eaux résiduaires d'étables, on pourra mettre en œuvre une première couche 2a ayant une densité comprise entre 1,5 et 2, une deuxième couche 2b ayant une densité comprise entre 2 et 2,5, une troisième couche 2c ayant une densité comprise entre 2,5 et 3 et une quatrième couche 2d ayant une densité comprise entre 3 et 3,5.The activated carbon layer completes the filtering. Concretely, to ensure a filtering of organic effluents, such as wastewater from stables, may implement a first layer 2a having a density between 1.5 and 2, a second layer 2b having a density of between 2 and 2.5, a third layer 2c having a density of between 2.5 and 3 and a fourth layer 2d having a density of between 3 and 3.5.
Là encore, après utilisation, le filtre peut être composté, le charbon actif permettant également d'alléger le compost, ou bien incinéré. A titre de variante, il est bien entendu possible de faire varier le nombre et/ou le degré de compactage des différentes couches de paille.Again, after use, the filter can be composted, activated carbon can also lighten the compost, or incinerated. Alternatively, it is of course possible to vary the number and / or the degree of compaction of the different layers of straw.
On pourra également faire varier les dimensions et/ou le nombre de couches de charbon actif. On pourra également réaliser un filtre ayant plusieurs couches de laine compactées avec des degrés de compaction différents .It will also be possible to vary the dimensions and / or the number of layers of activated carbon. It will also be possible to produce a filter having several layers of compacted wool with different degrees of compaction.
On pourra également associer au sein de même filtre des couches de paille compactés et des couches de laine compactées .It will also be possible to combine within the same filter compacted straw layers and compacted wool layers.
Lorsque le matériau utilisé est de la paille, le procédé de fabrication d'un filtre suivant l'invention comprend donc les étapes suivantes : broyage de la paille (préalablement séchée) de façon à réaliser des brins -ayant une longueur moyenne comprise entre 10 mm et 300 mm. Ce broyage est réalisé à l'aide d'un système à couteaux rotatifs .When the material used is straw, the method of manufacturing a filter according to the invention therefore comprises the following steps: grinding the straw (previously dried) so as to produce strands having a mean length of between 10 mm and 300 mm. This grinding is performed using a rotary knife system.
La paille broyée est ensuite compactée directement à 1 ' intérieur de l ' étui . On met pour cela en œuvre une presse uniaxiale comportant un auget recevant l'étui et évitant sa déformation. L'auget aura dont un logement ayant un diamètre égal au diamètre externe de l'étui. Le poinçon de la presse aura par ailleurs un diamètre sensiblement égal au diamètre interne de l'étui. Lorsque le filtre comporte plusieurs couches de matériau fibreux on comprime successivement les différentes couches les unes sur les autres dans l'étui. On notera que la couche la plus compacte est celle située au fond de l'étui, donc celle qui est compactée en premier.The milled straw is then compacted directly inside the holster. It implements a uniaxial press comprising a bucket receiving the holster and avoiding its deformation. The bucket will have a housing having a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the holster. The punch of the press will also have a diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the case. When the filter comprises several layers of fibrous material, the different layers are successively compressed one on the other in the case. Note that the most compact layer is the one at the bottom of the holster, so the one that is compacted first.
Les opérations de compactage successives sont donc effectuées avec des pressions de plus en plus réduites, ce qui ne modifie pas les taux de compaction des couches déjà compactées .Successive compaction operations are therefore performed with increasingly reduced pressures, which does not change the compaction rates of already compacted layers.
Les taux de compaction seront choisis en fonction des caractéristiques de filtrage souhaitées et de la nature du matériau fibreux mis en oeuvre. Le filtre selon l'invention est mis en œuvre dans une installation de traitement d'effluents.The compaction rates will be chosen according to the desired filtering characteristics and the nature of the fibrous material used. The filter according to the invention is implemented in an effluent treatment plant.
La figure 3 schématise l'organisation d'une telle installation 7.Figure 3 schematizes the organization of such an installation 7.
Les effluents sont amenés par une canalisation 8 jusqu'à un bac tampon 9 qui assure un stockage intermédiaire des effluents 10 avant leur filtration.The effluents are fed via a pipe 8 to a buffer tank 9 which ensures intermediate storage of the effluents 10 before their filtration.
En effet l'installation fonctionne généralement de façon intermittente et la filtration n'est commandée que lorsque le volume d'effluents à traiter atteint un certain niveau. Le bac est constitué par une cuve 9, par exemple en béton qui reçoit les effluents 10.Indeed, the installation generally operates intermittently and filtration is controlled only when the volume of effluent to be treated reaches a certain level. The tank is constituted by a tank 9, for example made of concrete which receives the effluents 10.
Ces derniers sont évacués par une autre canalisation 11 au travers d'un collecteur 12 disposé en regard d'une ouverture d'évacuation 13 de la cuve 9. On pourra prévoir une grille 14 entre la cuve 9 et le collecteur 12 afin de retenir des résidus très volumineux susceptibles d'obturer les canalisations.These are evacuated by another pipe 11 through a manifold 12 disposed facing a discharge opening 13 of the tank 9. A grid 14 may be provided between the tank 9 and the collector 12 in order to retain very large residues likely to close the pipes.
Une pompe 15 est interposée sur la canalisation 11 et permet de conduire les effluents issus de la cuve 9 vers le ou les filtres 1.A pump 15 is interposed on the pipe 11 and makes it possible to conduct the effluents coming from the tank 9 towards the filter (s) 1.
On a représenté ici une batterie de trois filtres la, Ib, et Ic. Chaque filtre est disposé dans un porte filtre 16 qui est une enveloppe métallique assurant la tenue mécanique du filtre 1 lors des opérations de filtrage ainsi que l'étanchéité du filtrage.There is shown here a battery of three filters la, Ib, and Ic. Each filter is arranged in a filter holder 16 which is a metal casing ensuring the mechanical strength of the filter 1 during filtering operations and the sealing of the filtering.
Un distributeur 17 permet d'envoyer les effluents issus de la pompe vers l'un ou l'autre des filtres 1. Une telle disposition permet de remplacer l'un des filtres en cours d'opération de filtrage.A distributor 17 makes it possible to send the effluents coming from the pump to one or other of the filters 1. provision makes it possible to replace one of the filters during the filtering operation.
Le porte filtre 16 assure le maintien du filtre à l'abri de l'air ce qui évite la dégradation ou le pourrissement du matériau du filtre entre deux opérations de filtrage.The filter holder 16 maintains the filter in the absence of air which avoids the degradation or rotting of the filter material between two filtering operations.
Le porte filtre permet ainsi de conserver le filtre humide lors d'un arrêt de l'installation. On prévoira une vanne d'arrêt 20 en sortie de chaque porte filtre 16.The filter holder thus makes it possible to preserve the wet filter during a shutdown of the installation. There will be a stop valve 20 at the outlet of each filter holder 16.
L'utilisateur s'assurera à la fin d'une opération de filtrage que le porte filtre reste rempli d'effluents. La vanne d'arrêt sera par exemple fermée simultanément à l'arrêt de la pompe 15.The user will ensure at the end of a filtering operation that the filter holder remains filled with effluents. The shut-off valve will for example be closed simultaneously with the stopping of the pump 15.
Il serait bien entendu possible d'alimenter plusieurs filtres en parallèle pour accroître le débit de filtration pour un calibre de filtre donné.It would of course be possible to supply several filters in parallel to increase the filtration rate for a given filter size.
L'eau filtrée est récupérée en aval des filtres 1 par des canalisations 18 et un collecteur 19.The filtered water is recovered downstream of the filters 1 by pipes 18 and a collector 19.
L'eau pourra être utilisée pour les opérations courantes d'une exploitation agricole (arrosage, nettoyage). Un deuxième étage de filtrage (non représenté) utilisant par exemple des membranes micro poreuses et des blocs de charbon actif permettrait d'obtenir une eau potable. Cet étage se situera bien entendu en aval de la batterie des filtres à blocs de paille 1. Pour économiser les filtres micro poreux on pourra n'appliquer le deuxième étage de filtration qu'à une fraction des eaux traitées .The water can be used for routine operations of a farm (watering, cleaning). A second filtering stage (not shown) using, for example, microporous membranes and activated carbon blocks would make it possible to obtain drinking water. This stage will of course be located downstream of the battery of the straw block filters 1. To save the micro-porous filters it will be possible to apply the second filtration stage to only a fraction of the treated water.
A titre de variante, il est bien entendu possible de faire varier le nombre et/ou le calibre des filtres mis en œuvre . As a variant, it is of course possible to vary the number and / or the size of the filters used.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Filtre (1), notamment pour effluents organiques, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une couche (2) d'un matériau organique fibreux compacté d'origine végétale ou animale disposé dans un étui (3) en matériau biodégradable.1. Filter (1), especially for organic effluents, characterized in that it comprises at least one layer (2) of a compacted fibrous organic material of vegetable or animal origin arranged in a case (3) of biodegradable material.
2. Filtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins deux couches (2a, 2b) de matériau fibreux compactées.2. Filter according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two layers (2a, 2b) of compacted fibrous material.
3. Filtre selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins deux couches (2a, 2b) de matériau fibreux compactées ayant des taux de compaction différents.3. Filter according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises at least two layers (2a, 2b) of compacted fibrous material having different compaction rates.
4. Filtre selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une partie amont (la) au niveau de laquelle sont amenés les effluents et une partie aval (Ib) au niveau de laquelle est évacuée l'eau filtrée, les couches (2) les plus compactées se trouvant au voisinage de la partie aval (Ib) et les couches les moins compactées au voisinage de la partie amont (la) .4. Filter according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises an upstream part (la) at which the effluents are fed and a downstream part (Ib) at which the filtered water is discharged, the layers ( 2) the most compacted in the vicinity of the downstream part (Ib) and the least compacted layers in the vicinity of the upstream part (la).
5. Filtre selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une couche (6) de charbon actif.5. Filter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one layer (6) of activated carbon.
6. Filtre selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'étui (3) est réalisé en un matériau choisi parmi les matériaux suivants : carton, bois, bambou, tissu de chanvre de coton ou de laine naturelle.6. Filter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the case (3) is made of a material selected from the following materials: cardboard, wood, bamboo, cotton hemp fabric or natural wool.
7. Filtre selon une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'étui (3) est fermé au niveau de sa partie aval par un fond (4) portant des orifices (5), fond réalisé en un matériau biodégradable. 7. Filter according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the case (3) is closed at its downstream portion by a bottom (4) carrying openings (5), made of a biodegradable material bottom.
8. Filtre selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau fibreux compacté est choisi parmi les matériaux suivants : paille, laine.8. Filter according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the compacted fibrous material is selected from the following materials: straw, wool.
9. Procédé de fabrication d'un filtre selon une des revendications précédentes, procédé dans lequel on met en oeuvre comme matériau fibreux de la paille, procédé caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :9. A method of manufacturing a filter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein straw material is used as a fibrous material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- on broie la paille de façon à réaliser des brins ayant une longueur moyenne comprise entre 10 mm et 300 mm, - on compacte la paille broyée à l'intérieur d'un étui (3) .the straw is ground so as to produce strands having an average length of between 10 mm and 300 mm, the ground straw is compacted inside a case (3).
10. Installation (7) de traitement d'effluents (10), en particulier d'effluents organiques, et mettant en œuvre au moins un filtre (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, installation caractérisée en ce que le filtre (1) est disposé dans un porte filtre (16) relié en amont à un bac tampon (9) par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de pompage (15) .10. Installation (7) for treating effluents (10), in particular organic effluents, and implementing at least one filter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter (1) is disposed in a filter holder (16) connected upstream to a buffer tank (9) via a pumping means (15).
11. Installation de traitement d'effluents selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le porte filtre (16) comprend une enveloppe métallique assurant la tenue mécanique du filtre (1) lors des opérations de filtrage ainsi que l'étanchéité du filtrage.11. effluent treatment plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the filter holder (16) comprises a metal casing ensuring the mechanical strength of the filter (1) during filtering operations and the sealing of the filtering.
12. Installation de traitement d'effluents selon la revendication 11 et comportant au moins deux filtres (1), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un distributeur (17) permettant d'envoyer les effluents issus du moyen de pompage (15) vers l'un ou l'autre des filtres (1) .12. effluent treatment plant according to claim 11 and comprising at least two filters (1), characterized in that it comprises a distributor (17) for sending the effluents from the pumping means (15) to the one or the other of the filters (1).
13. Installation de traitement d'effluents selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une vanne d'arrêt (20) en sortie de chaque porte filtre 16. 13. effluent treatment plant according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a stop valve (20) at the outlet of each filter holder 16.
PCT/FR2007/000782 2006-05-15 2007-05-09 Filter, method for the production thereof, and installation for treating effluents using such a filter WO2007132080A1 (en)

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FR0604278A FR2900840B1 (en) 2006-05-15 2006-05-15 FILTER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH FILTER AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT USING SUCH FILTER
FR0604278 2006-05-15

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EP4066915A1 (en) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-05 Riva Systemtechnik GmbH Filter housing, filter and filter system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1008451C1 (en) * 1998-03-03 1999-04-07 Coumans Conrardus Jacobus Peter Treatment of effluent from fish tank installations
DE19750811A1 (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-05-27 Frank R Dr Ing Kolb Filter mat for the filtration and sorptive cleaning of water that seeps through the ground during, e.g. rainfall
GB2346819A (en) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-23 Nicholas James Brentnall Biodegradable filter cartridge
WO2005009576A2 (en) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-03 Christopher, Kathleen, Gail Separation apparatus and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19750811A1 (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-05-27 Frank R Dr Ing Kolb Filter mat for the filtration and sorptive cleaning of water that seeps through the ground during, e.g. rainfall
NL1008451C1 (en) * 1998-03-03 1999-04-07 Coumans Conrardus Jacobus Peter Treatment of effluent from fish tank installations
GB2346819A (en) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-23 Nicholas James Brentnall Biodegradable filter cartridge
WO2005009576A2 (en) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-03 Christopher, Kathleen, Gail Separation apparatus and method

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FR2900840A1 (en) 2007-11-16

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