WO2007128342A1

WO2007128342A1 - Solar cell module and procedure for the manufacture of solar cell modules

Info

Publication number: WO2007128342A1
Application number: PCT/EP2006/011854
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kristian Peter; Radovan Kopecek; Thomas Buck; Joris Libal
Original assignee: International Solar Energy Research Center Konstanz E.V.
Priority date: 2006-05-09
Filing date: 2006-12-08
Publication date: 2007-11-15
Also published as: DE102006021804A1

Abstract

Solar cell module with at least two switched in-series solar cells that are light-sensitive with which, during the in-series switching of these solar cells, alternating p-type and n-type solar cells are interconnected with each other, and both of these types of solar cells feature a front-sided emitter or both of these types of solar cells feature a back-sided emitter, or with which, during the in-series switching of these solar cells, alternating solar cells with front-sided emitters and solar cells with back-sided emitters are interconnected with each other, and the solar cells that are alternatingly interconnected with each other are of the same type, as well as procedure for manufacturing such solar cells.

Description

Solar cell module and method for the production of solar cell modules

The invention relates to a solar cell module according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2 and to methods for producing such a solar cell module.

The direct extraction of electrical energy from solar light (photovoltaic) represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly form of energy production, which is becoming increasingly important due to the emerging scarcity of fossil fuels and the inherent dangers of nuclear energy technology.

For the terrestrial energy production from sun light mostly crystalline silicon solar cells are currently used. Due to the manufacturing technology, these are only available in certain sizes, which individually can not deliver the desired current / voltage values. Therefore, several solar cells are usually embedded in so-called solar cell modules and interconnected electrically such that the solar cell module provides the desired voltage and current values with appropriate solar radiation. In addition, the solar cell module is generally switched off in such a way that it protects the fracture and corrosion-sensitive solar cells from harmful weathering and mechanical stress.

The electrical interconnection of the solar cells in a module is regularly designed such that a plurality of solar cells are connected in series and thus form a row of solar cells within the solar cell module, so that their output voltages add up. In many cases, several of these rows of solar cells continue to be connected in parallel within the solar cell module. By far the largest part of the solar cells produced today are unilaterally photosensitive solar cells with a Frontseitenungskontaktierung, usually in the form of several fine contact fingers, on the photosensitive front of the solar cell and a Ruckseitenkontaktierung.

As stated above, when these solar cells are embedded in solar cell modules, at least a part of them is to be connected in series. Consequently, the front-side contacting of a solar cell with the back contact of the next solar cell of this solar cell series is to be electrically connected continuously. The principle of this conventional interconnection is shown schematically in FIG.

In this interconnection according to the prior art, a plurality of single-side photosensitive solar cells 20a, 20b of the same type are arranged under a cover plate 12 and on a substrate 10, which in many cases simultaneously forms the back side of the entire solar cell module. Each of the solar cells 20a, 20b has an emitter 24 arranged on the photosensitive front, which in the illustrated example is a p-type solar cell module with p-doped volume 26 through a relatively heavily n-doped region, a so-called n ⁺ region 24 is formed.

At the rear side of the solar cells 20a, 20b, a jerk contact 30 is provided, which faces the substrate 10. An electrical backside field, which is usually referred to as a "back surface field", is arranged above this backside contact 30. In the case shown, the backside field is formed by a region 28 heavily p-doped with respect to the volume 26, a so-called p ⁺ region 28 Back field serves to reduce the diffusion of minority cargo traffic ger to the solar cell back to prevent them with. relatively high probability would recombine and thus lost for energy.

On the front side, a front side contact 22 is provided for tapping off the current, which is usually formed from a system of electrically connected contact fingers 22.

For the realization of a series connection, an electrically conductive connection of the front-side contacting 22 of each solar cell of the solar cell row with the rear-side contact 30 of the following solar cell is required, in particular the front-side contacting 22 of the solar cell 20a with the rear-side contact 30 of the solar cell 20b. For this purpose, the electrical connector 35 shown schematically in FIG. 1 are provided.

As can be seen in the schematic illustration of FIG. 1, these electrical connectors 35 must be laboriously guided from the front side of a solar cell to the rear side of the subsequent cell in the manufacture of the solar cell modules. This complicates in practice automated production of the solar cell modules. The electrical connector 35 are shown for the sake of clarity in FIG. 1 shortened. In practice, they are usually made longer and connected over a larger area with the Frontseitenkontaktierung 22 and the rear side contact 30 - (see, see the illustration in Fig. 4).

Usually, the electrical connectors 35 are soldered to the front-side contacting of a solar cell and subsequently to a conductor track arranged on the substrate 10 soldered, which accomplishes the connection to the backside contact of the subsequent cell. In this case, each solar cell is usually rotated at least once from the front to the back or vice versa, which is done automatically or manually. In addition to the increased production costs, this entails a considerable risk of breakage of solar cells, which will increase in the course of the development towards the use of thinner solar cells.

In DE 41 28 766 C2 is proposed simplifying, to be used in series to be switched solar cells on both sides photosensitive solar cells and to arrange them with successively alternating polarity. However, the production of such double-sided light-sensitive solar cells is more complicated than the unilaterally photosensitive cells. Since in the vast majority of cases only one side of the solar cell modules is exposed to solar radiation, this increased effort is not justified, so that the advantage of a simplified solar cell module is again destroyed by this increased effort.

In addition, solar cells are known, the two contacts are arranged on the solar cell back, so that a complete contact can be made via the solar cell back. However, such back-contact solar cells are complex and expensive to manufacture, so that the simpler solar cell module production faces a significantly increased effort for the production of the solar cells to be used, which compensates for its advantage, if not overcompensated.

The present invention is therefore based on the problem of a simplified solar cell module connected in series unilaterally photosensitive solar cells available, which is inexpensive to produce.

This problem is solved according to the invention both by a solar cell module having the features of claim 1 and also by a device having the features of claim 2.

Advantageous developments are each the subject of dependent claims.

Furthermore, the invention is based on the problem to provide a method for producing such a solar cell module.

This problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 7.

Advantageous developments are also the subject of dependent claims.

The invention enables a cost-effective production of simplified solar cell modules. The alternating arrangement of p- and n-type solar cells with a uniform front or rear emitter according to claim 1, a series circuit can be realized without electrical connectors must be performed from the front of a solar cell on the back of the subsequent solar cell. Instead, it is possible, for example, to use planar front and back conductor tracks which electrically connect either the front side contacts in the series connection of successive solar cells or electrically connect the rear side contacts of the successive solar cells. The same applies to the alternating arrangement of solar cells of the same type with, however, on the one hand front-sided, on the other rear-side emitter according to claim 2.

Conductors of the type mentioned are much easier to insert into the solar cell module than the electrical connectors 35 of the prior art, in particular they can be inserted automatically; For example, by on the one hand on a substrate of the solar cell module backside tracks are applied and subsequently .The solar cells are placed appropriately aligned on the substrate, on the other hand, a cover layer, in particular a transparent cover plate, the solar cell module is provided with suitable front side traces and this cover layer subsequently aligned in the Solar cells and the substrate is placed, that results in the entirety of the front and back traces a series circuit of at least a portion of the solar cell.

Furthermore, the distances between the series-connected solar cells can be reduced, since between them no electrical connector from the front to the back must be performed without this he touches the side surfaces of the solar cells. This allows a more compact size of solar cell modules and a lower cost of materials in solar cell module production with the same performance.

Furthermore, the risk of fatigue fractures in the electrical connectors is excluded, which so far always led to failures or performance losses in known solar cell modules. This is due to the fact that no more kinks in the now usable, essentially planar front and back conductor tracks occur, as they were present in the previous electrical connections.

Moreover, there is a greater choice of material available for the realization of the front and back conductor tracks than is the case with the electrical connectors, since these are no longer partially free before pouring the solar cell module with resin or other materials known and used for this purpose Space must stand between two adjacent solar cells. Instead, they can for example be arranged flat on the substrate or the cover layer and thus be fully supported, which on the one hand significantly reduces the risk of damage to the electrical connectors or their kinks during pouring, on the other hand allows the use of other materials.

If metal or metal alloy strips have hitherto been used extensively for the electrical cell connectors, the formation of the series connection can now be partially or completely covered with conductive adhesive tape, pasty conductive adhesives, metal-containing pastes, conductive films, punched or cut conductive plates or metal strips or the like or with masks. As a result, solar cell modules can be further simplified and the cost for the production of solar cell modules can be further reduced.

Furthermore, in the inventive solution of claim 1 by the combination of p-type with n-type solar cells, the lower degradation tendency of n-type silicon solar cells can be exploited. In addition, in the production of solar cell modules according to the invention, a rotation of the solar cells from the front to the back or vice versa during the soldering of the printed conductors can be dispensed with, which is accompanied by a reduction in the risk of breakage.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures. Show it:

Fig. 1: Cross section through a solar cell module according to the prior art.

2 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a solar cell module according to the invention

3 shows a cross section through a further solar cell module according to the invention.

4 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a solar cell module according to the invention.

Fig. 5: Schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Fig. 6: Schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through an embodiment of a solar cell module according to the invention. Four single-side photosensitive solar cells 40a, 40b, 50a, 50b can be seen here, which are connected between a substrate 10 and a transparent cover disk 12. are orders. The photosensitive sides of the solar cells 40a, 40b ₇ 50a, 50b are facing the cover layer 12.

In the context of the present invention, unilaterally photosensitive solar cells are to be understood as meaning solar cells which are not sensitive to the effects of sunlight on their two largest, opposing side surfaces to a comparable extent, as is the case in so-called bifacial cells, i. on both sides of photosensitive solar cells, the case is. Accordingly, in the case of unilaterally photosensitive solar cells, incident light can not contribute to the same extent to the charge carrier generation in the volume of the solar cell, such as light falling on the front side of the solar cell. This can be based, for example, on a metallic back contact covering the rear side of the solar cell with an area fraction on the rear side which is significantly larger than that with which the front contact covers the front side of the solar cell. In particular, the back may be provided over the entire surface with a metallic back contact or with a plurality of small contact surfaces.

Consequently, the front side of the solar cells always means that large-area side of the solar cell which is more sensitive to light radiation.

All of the solar cells 40a, 40b, 50a, 50b have a front-side contact 42, 52, which is formed by a plurality of electrically conductive interconnected contact fingers. In addition, they each have a rear-side contact 49, which can be designed in a manner known per se over the entire surface or the back only partially covering. The solar cells 40a, 40b are p-type solar cells with p-doped volume 46 and front emitters 44, which are each formed by a heavily n-doped layer 44, so-called n ⁺ regions 44. In addition, these p-type solar cells 40a, 40b each have at their rear sides a strongly p-doped region, a so-called p ⁺ region 48, which serves to form an electrical rear field, which is usually referred to as a "back surface field". As explained above, this reduces the probability of recombination of generated minority charge carriers on the solar cell rear side, but can also be omitted if required.

In contrast, the solar cells 50a, 50b are n-type solar cells with n-doped volumes 56. Although they also have a front-side emitter 54, this is formed by a heavily p-doped region, the p ⁺ region 54. Accordingly, the backside electric field in these solar cells 50a, 50b is formed by a backside n ⁺ region 58.

Due to the alternating arrangement of p-type 40a, 40b and n-type 50a, 50b solar cells, each with front emitter 44, 54, the series connection of the solar cells 40a, 40b, 50a, 50b with front side tracks 100a, 100b and back traces 102a, 102b respectively. Electrically conductive connectors from the front of a solar cell to the back of the subsequent cell are not required, which entails the advantages described above. The mentioned lower space requirement of solar cell modules according to the invention of the same power can be directly deduced from a comparison of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the spaces between the solar cells connected in series. Corresponding to the illustration of the electrical connectors 35 in FIG. 1, the printed conductors 100a, 100b, 102a, 102b are also shown shortened in FIGS. 2 and 3 for the sake of clarity. In practice, they are usually made longer and connected over a larger area with the front contacts 42, 52, 62 and the rear side contacts 49, 59, 69 ^' , as can be seen in Fig. 4.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, the front-side 100a, 100b conductor tracks are applied to the rear side of a transparent cover disk 12. This can be done for example by means of printing conductive, especially metal-containing, pastes or adhesives on the back of the cover plate. However, in principle any other per se known electrical connection means may be used as front-side conductor tracks, e.g. conductive adhesive tapes, optionally to be soldered sheets of metal or metal alloys, which may also be applied to the front sides of the solar cells. Furthermore, instead of the cover plate 12 may be provided a cover layer on which the front side conductor tracks are mounted. The cover layer may also be a layer which is itself conductive in places; e.g. a corresponding electrically conductive foil or mat with integrated tracks.

In addition, masks are also conceivable, for example, from a provided with metal tracks insulating carrier layer punched masks, which are placed on the substrate 10 arranged on the solar cells 40a, 40b, 50a, 50b and optionally soldered and trained with the help of metal tracks the desired front side tracks , On the other hand, punched out areas allow the light to penetrate the photosensitive sides of the solar cells. The back conductor tracks are applied to the substrate 10 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2. This can be done in the same ways as has already been stated for the front conductor tracks in connection with the cover layer or cover disk 12. In particular, they may be formed from printed metal-containing pastes, sprayed conductive paints, partially conductive films or masks.

Thus, a fully automated solar cell module production is possible.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, solar cells 40a, 40b, 50a, 50b are shown with front emitters 44 and 54, respectively. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that instead of being within a series connection, all solar cells may be equipped with rear emitters. Instead of electrical rear-side fields, electrical front-side panels, so-called "front surface fields", were then provided if required.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through a further solar cell module according to the present invention. In contrast to the solar cell module of FIG. 2, however, solar cells of different types are not arranged alternately here. Instead, only p-type solar cells 40a, 40b, 60a, 60b are provided within the series circuit. The solar cells 40a and 40b are solar cells which are identical to those of FIG.

The. Solar cells 60a, 60b are similar to these solar cells 40a, 40b insofar as they also have p-doped volumes 66, front-side contacts 62 and reverse-side contacts 69. However, they have instead of a front emitter 44 a rear emitter 68, which is also formed here by an n ⁺ region 68. In addition, the solar cells 60a, 60b are provided with an electrical front panel, which are realized by the front p ⁺ regions 64, but can be omitted if necessary.

In this solar cell module according to the invention, the continuous change of front side 44 and rear 68 emitter allows for the same type of solar cells used in the already known from FIG. 2 and explained in their context contacting with front 10Oa ₇ IOOb and back 102a, 102b conductor tracks. Elaborate electrical connectors from the solar cell front side to the back side of the subsequent solar cell can also be dispensed with completely here, so that fully automated production of solar cell modules is possible.

The front 10Oa ₇ IOOb and back 102a, 102b conductor tracks can be realized in the same ways as those of FIG. 2.

It is obvious that, instead of the p-type solar cells shown in FIG. 3, it is also possible to use uniform n-type solar cells within a series connection, which are provided alternately with front and rear emitters.

4 shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of the solar cell module according to the invention. Here once again solar cells of alternating type with a uniform front emitter are connected in series, which has already been explained in connection with FIG. 2 in principle. In the illustrated embodiment, 16 solar cells are connected in series. In each row two p-type solar cells with front emitter and two n-type solar cells with front emitter are arranged. In the case of the first row, these are the p-type solar cells 140a, 140b and the n-type solar cells 150a, 150b. In each of these solar cells, the front side metallization has fine contact fingers and two widened contacts 142a, 142b, 152a, 152b for current drainage. The front-side conductor tracks 100a, 100b are arranged on these current leads 142a, 142b, 152a, 152b, whereby each of these conductor tracks is provided twice since the solar cells 140a, 140b, 150a, 150b have two widened contacts ,

On the rear sides of the solar cells, the series connection is in turn accomplished by the back conductor tracks 102a and 102b, wherein the back conductor tracks 102a in this embodiment simultaneously allow the contacting of the entire solar cell module.

The arrangement of the first row is repeated in the rows below, each with changing direction. The electrical connection between the individual rows accomplish the back conductor tracks 102c, 102d and 102e. The pole for contacting the entire solar cell module that supplements the backside trace 102a is formed by the backside trace 102f.

According to the sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 3, the solar cells from FIG. 4 are embedded between a substrate and a cover layer, in particular a cover plate. For the sake of clarity, however, their presentation has been omitted here. In all solar cell modules according to the invention, a lamination or casting with casting resin or plastics can be carried out in a manner known per se.

The solar cell modules according to the invention are not limited to a series of solar cells. It can be provided a plurality of solar cell rows connected in series, which are connected in parallel. To realize such a parallel connection, the alternation of the type of solar cell or of the change between the front and rear emitter can be interrupted at the corresponding point. As a result, there results a parallel interconnection without the need for electrical connectors to be routed from the front side contacting of one solar cell to the back contact of another.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for the production of solar cell modules according to the present invention. As shown schematically, backside traces are first applied to a substrate 200. This application 200 of backside traces can be done in several ways: For example, metal-containing pastes or conductive adhesives can be applied to the substrate for this purpose, in particular by per se known printing methods such as Screen printing, stencil printing, web printing, stamp printing or injection molding. In addition, the back conductor tracks can be applied at least partially in the form of conductive adhesive tape to the substrate. In addition, an application of a conductive paint is conceivable, for example by means of a spraying technique. Furthermore, the back conductor tracks can be applied in the form of a partially conductive foil. Such a film is preferably designed to be conductive at those points, for example by printed, pressed or embossed conductive areas on which the back conductor tracks are required. Otherwise, however, it is electrically insulating. After application of the film results in pressed or embossed conductive areas at correspondingly lower. Pressing or embossing of these areas a flat surface on which the solar cells can be arranged with low risk of breakage.

In addition, the film can be embodied as a one-sided or two-sided adhesive film, whereby on the one hand a fixation of the film on the substrate, on the other hand an initial fixation of the solar cells on the film can be realized.

Furthermore, the back conductor tracks can be applied in the form of a mask or circuit board, which comprises the entire backside tracks of the solar cell module, and preferably consists of an insulating material, which is provided with a conductive surface at those locations where back conductor tracks are required. For the formation of the back conductor tracks on the mask or board all known metallization can be used.

After application 200 of the backside traces, the solar cells are positioned 202 on the substrate and the backside traces thereon so that the backside traces cause the required electrical connections between solar cells disposed thereon for the desired series connection. In addition, front conductor tracks are applied to the back of a cover plate 204. The application 204 of the front conductor tracks can be done in various ways. In particular, all possibilities are conceivable which have already been mentioned for the application of the back conductor tracks to the substrate, with the exception of the board, unless this would be transparent in the region of the sensitive spectrum of the solar cells.

If a mask is used for the application 204 of the front-side conductor tracks, clearances are obviously to be provided in the latter in such a way that they allow light to fall on the solar cells. Such a mask may e.g. be made by punching or cutting and subsequent partial metallization. The partial metallization can alternatively be done before the punching or cutting process. The use of injection molding in conjunction with a subsequent localized metallization is conceivable.

Instead of the cover plate, the front conductor tracks can alternatively be applied to a cover layer, which is subsequently arranged between the solar cells and the cover plate to be applied later.

The cover plate provided with conductor tracks is further applied to the solar cells 206, with their rear side facing the front sides of the solar cells. In this case, the cover plate is positioned in such a way aligned on the solar cells, that cause the front side tracks in conjunction with the backside traces required for the series connection electrical connections between the solar cells. Furthermore, the gap between the substrate and the cover plate is poured 208 to improve the stability of the solar cell module and to prevent the ingress of moisture. In principle, all materials known per se for this purpose can be used, in particular casting resins.

Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the method according to the invention, which differs from that of FIG. 5 in that the front-side conductor tracks are not applied to the back of the cover plate, but directly on the solar cell 210, and subsequently the cover plate on the solar cells and the front conductor tracks is applied 212.

The application of the front-side conductor tracks can be effected in such a way that conductive strips or strips are deposited and soldered onto the solar cells to be connected with front-side conductor tracks in accordance with the geometry of the front-side contacting, in particular by laser soldering. The deposition of the conductive bands and the soldering is preferably carried out automatically.

In addition, a film which is conductive in places to the requirements of front side contact, as has already been discussed in connection with the application of the back conductor tracks to the substrate, can be used in an analogous manner for the application 210 of the front conductor tracks to the solar cells. If this is necessary for a sufficiently good conductive contact between the front or back conductor track and the associated solar cell contact, they can be soldered when using solderable materials in the embodiments of Figures 5 and 6.

The methods according to the illustrations in FIGS. 5 and 6 are carried out manually or at least partially automatically, but preferably fully automatically.

With regard to the equipment of the solar cells used in the solar cell modules according to the invention as well as in the inventive method for their preparation, there are no restrictions. The solar cells can be equipped in any manner known per se, for example antireflection coatings or passivated emitters.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 substrate

12 cover disc

20a solar cell

20b solar cell

22 Front contact

24 n ⁺ region

26 p-doped volume

28 p ⁺ region

30 back contact

40a solar cell

40b solar cell

42 front contact

44 n ⁺ region / front emitter

46 p-doped volume

48 p ⁺ region

49 back contact

50a solar cell

50b solar cell

52 - Front contact

54 p ⁺ region / front emitter

56 n-doped volume

58 n ⁺ region

59 back contact

60a solar cell

60b solar cell

62 front-side contact

64 p ⁺ region p-doped volume n ⁺ region / back emitter backside contact

a front side trace b front side trace

a back trace b back trace c back trace d back trace e back trace f back trace

a p-type solar cell with front emitter b p-type solar cell with front emitter a current drain (busbar) b current drain (busbar) a n-type solar cell with front emitter b n-type solar cell with front emitter a current drain (busbar) b current drain ( busbar)

Applying back conductor tracks on substrate Arranging solar cells on substrate Applying front conductor tracks on rear side Cover plate Applying cover plate on solar cells Pouring out the solar cell module Applying front side tracks to solar cells Applying cover plate to solar cells and front side tracks

Claims

claims

1. solar cell module having at least two series-connected solar cells, of which at least one side is photosensitive, characterized in that in the series connection of these solar cells alternately p-type and n-type solar cells are interconnected and the solar cells of both types have a front emitter or the Solar cells of both types have a back emitter.

2. Solar cell module with at least two series-connected solar cells, of which at least one side is photosensitive, characterized in that in the series connection of these solar cells alternately solar cells with front emitter and solar cells with back emitter are interconnected and the interconnected alternately solar cells of the same type ,

3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one photosensitive solar cell is a p-type solar cell.

4. Solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that the one-side photosensitive p-type solar cell connected in series solar cell is a double-sided photosensitive n-type solar cell.

5. Solar cell module according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one unilaterally photosensitive solar cell has a metallic back contact whose surface portion at the back of the solar cell more than 7% or more than 10%, preferably more than 20% or more 30% or is carried out in a particularly preferred manner as a full-area back contact

6. Solar cell module according to one of claims 1 to 5, in that a rear side conductor tracks are provided for forming the series connection on a substrate, which interconnect the rear sides of a part of the series-connected solar cells with each other in an electrically conductive manner.

7. Solar cell module according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least on the solar cells connected in series, a transparent cover layer, preferably a cover plate, is provided and between this cover layer and the front sides of the solar cells to form the series circuit front side conductor tracks are arranged, which connect the front sides of a part of the series-connected solar cells electrically conductively.

8. Solar cell module according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the front and / or the back conductor tracks by metallic bands, conductive adhesive tapes, pasty conductive adhesives, conductive pastes and / or at least locally conductive films are formed.

9. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein at least part of the solar cells with a front-side emitter has a rear side field and / or at least a part of the solar cells with a back-side emitter has a front side field.

10. A method for producing a solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:

- Applying back conductor tracks on a substrate;

- Arranging solar cells on the substrate provided with tracks;

- applying front side traces on the back of a cover layer or the front sides of a portion of the solar cells;

- Applying the cover layer on the solar cells, wherein the back of the cover layer faces the front sides of the solar cells.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the back conductor tracks are ^• at least partially connected to rear side contacts of the solar cells by soldering, preferably by laser soldering, and / or the front side tracks are at least partially connected to front side contacts of the solar cells by soldering, preferably by means of laser soldering.

12. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the back conductor tracks at least partially by printing a metal-containing paste or a conductive Adhesive, in particular by screen printing, stencil printing, web printing, stamp printing or injection molding of these materials are applied to the substrate.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the back conductor tracks are formed at least partially by applying a conductive adhesive tape to the substrate.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the back conductor tracks are formed at least partially by applying a film, which is at least locally conductive, to the substrate.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the back conductor tracks are formed at least partially by applying a conductive lacquer to the substrate, which is preferably done by means of a spraying technique.

16. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the back conductor tracks are at least partially formed by applying a partially conductive mask on the substrate, wherein the mask is preferably punched or cut out of an insulating material or by injection molding in a corresponding shape and partially conductive by placing a conductive layer in places. makes power.

17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the front-side conductor tracks are applied to the cover layer at least partially by printing a metal-containing paste or a conductive adhesive, in particular by screen printing, stencil printing, web printing, stamp printing or injection molding of these materials.

18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the front-side conductor tracks are formed at least partially by applying a conductive adhesive tape to the cover layer.

19. Method according to claim 10, wherein the front-side conductor tracks are formed at least partially by applying an at least locally conductive foil to the cover layer.

20. The method according to claim 10, wherein the front-side conductor tracks are formed at least partially by applying a conductive lacquer to the cover layer, which is preferably done by means of a spraying technique.

21. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the front-side conductor tracks at least partially through Applying a partially conductive mask are formed on the substrate, wherein the mask is preferably punched or cut out of an insulating material or brought by injection molding into a corresponding shape and is made partially conductive by applying a conductive layer in places.

22. The method according to claim 10, wherein the back conductor tracks are at least partially soldered with back side contacts of the solar cells and / or the front side conductors are at least partially soldered to front side contacts of the solar cells, preferably by laser soldering.

23. The method according to claim 10, wherein the solar cell module is produced automatically at least until the step of applying the cover layer to the solar cells, preferably in a continuous system.

24. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the solar cell module is produced completely automatically, preferably in a continuously operating plant.