WO2007121961A1 - Nozzle for connecting conduits to a header - Google Patents

Nozzle for connecting conduits to a header Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007121961A1
WO2007121961A1 PCT/EP2007/003531 EP2007003531W WO2007121961A1 WO 2007121961 A1 WO2007121961 A1 WO 2007121961A1 EP 2007003531 W EP2007003531 W EP 2007003531W WO 2007121961 A1 WO2007121961 A1 WO 2007121961A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
header
nozzle
conduits
spans
connection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/003531
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jesus Maria Lata Perez
Original Assignee
Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A. filed Critical Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A.
Publication of WO2007121961A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007121961A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/182—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/08—Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of the wall or to the axis of another pipe
    • F16L41/082—Non-disconnectible joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L41/084—Soldered joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle for connecting conduits to a header, especially for connecting conduits to headers through which a fluid flows at a high temperature.
  • the nozzle of the invention is especially, though not exclusively, applicable to solar absorption panels, for connecting the absorption conduits on the header, through which a thermal fluid based on molten salts flows, though other types of high temperature transmitting fluids can be used.
  • the connection of the solar absorption conduits, generally having small thickness, to the header, generally having a greater thickness to withstand the mechanical service loads, is carried out with nozzles shaped as cylindrical bushings oj- machined nozzles, comprised by a tubular span having a constant circular section, approximately equal to that of the conduits. These bushings are joined to the conduit on one side and to the header orifice on the other side, generally by butt welding. Sometimes the nozzles have been directly extruded from the header. These implementations can be observed in US patent 6,736,134 B2 or in its PCT version WO 03/021159 A2.
  • Some constructions of this type submit to the areas for joining the header body with the solar absorption conduits to high thermal stresses, especially on those located in the side areas of the header, with lower salt flow and consequently with lower heat exchange efficiency.
  • These thermal stresses are caused by rapid temperature changes in the molten salts flowing through the header due to cloud passages over the solar plant heliostat field.
  • These stresses due to abrupt temperature changes can be attenuated by using different nozzles for the connections of the conduits and different areas of said header, or by placing sleeves or other thermal protections on the nozzles for joining the solar absorption conduits to the header. Nevertheless, these protections have geometric shapes that are complicated to manufacture and difficult to assemble, increasing the manufacturing and inspection difficulty and making these processes more expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks set forth by means of a nozzle which can be used in connecting all the conduits to the header, and without the need to apply special thermal protections.
  • the area for joining the tubes with the header, by means of the corresponding nozzle is a critical working area, which works under thermomechanical fatigue.
  • the nozzle of the invention has a geometric shape providing a considerable improvement in thermostructural performance and will therefore ensure a longer lifetime, all of this based on the following concepts: a) The nozzle of the invention will allow decoupling the effects of thickness changing and convective efficiency changing of the fluid due to the change in speed when the fluid passes through a large cavity, having greater thickness, to a tube, having less thickness.
  • the geometric shape of the header of the invention therefore achieves a significant advantage jn thermal gradients and thermal stresses derived under thermal transients.
  • the nozzle of the invention is also designed such that it structurally makes the joint more flexible, which joint, in regular nozzles, is essentially at 90° between two components and which, under thermal loads, generates high stresses. With the new geometric shape the stresses considerably decreases.
  • the nozzle of the invention will allow the thermal structural decoupling: the upper joint to the header is the critical part from the thermal point of view, while the mechanical load due to interface loads imposed by the piping system is more concentrated in the area for joining to the tube.
  • nozzle of the invention consisting of a tubular span having a circular section, whose span has at least two different sections, with decreasing dimensions from its connection to the header to its connection to the tube. A step with rounded angles is defined between these two sections.
  • the tubular span comprising the nozzle of the invention may have more than two consecutive different sections, such that it would have more than two transition areas.
  • the nozzle of the invention can be independent of the header and conduits, being possible to obtain it by machining, for example from a bar.
  • the nozzle with the described configuration can also be obtained by spinning from a sheet whose thickness is at least equal to the thickness of the header wall to which it is joined.
  • the nozzle can be part of the header and can be obtained by stamping from the wall of said header.
  • a subsequent thermal annealing treatment will preferably be performed to remove residual stresses derived from spinning or stamping.
  • the header wall can have a wall with decreasing thickness, decreasing in the same direction as the dimension of the different sections of the nozzle decreases.
  • nozzle of the invention can be applied to the connection of conduits to headers for purposes different from those discussed above.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a nozzle comprised according to the invention, sectioned at 90°.
  • Figure 2 shows in a diametrical sectional view of a nozzle comprised according to the invention, obtained from the header wall which it is a part of.
  • Figure 1 shows a nozzle which is generally referred to with number 1 and which is comprised by a tubular part having a circular section which, according to the invention, has at least two consecutive spans, with reference numbers 2 and 3, of different sections, decreasing from the connection to the header to the connection to the conduit. These two spans shape a step having rounded edges 4 and angles 5.
  • the span 2 having a larger section finishes in a flange or lip 6 designed to be formed and coupled to the contour of the header orifices.
  • the nozzle 1 can be obtained from the header wall 7 itself, for example by stamping, having the same spans 2 and 3 of different sections, decreasing in the same direction and also with rounded angles and corners.
  • the nozzle 1 will be fixed to the conduits through the edge 8, while it will be fixed to the contour of the header orifice through the flange 6, fixings which will generally be carried out by means of butt welding, such that the wall thickness of the edge 8 will coincide with that of the conduit to which it is connected, and the thickness of the flange 6 with that of the header to which it is joined.
  • the lip or flange 6 and the edge 8 will have a minimum length that is sufficient to allow their joining by butt welding, and so that these weld joints will be outside of the maximum stresses working areas of the nozzle 1.
  • conduits will be fixed to the free edge 8 of the nozzle, fixings which will generally be carried out by means of butt welding.
  • the wall thickness of the nozzle decreases in the same direction as the decreasing of section of the spans 2 and 3 takes place.
  • the nozzle with the described configuration will have a better thermostructural performance in relation to traditional nozzles, with a constant section.
  • the span 2 with larger section shapes a kind of intermediate chamber between the header and the conduit joined to the nozzle, which "dams" the fluid and distributes the loads between two transition areas, instead of just one as traditional nozzles with a constant section would have.
  • the nozzle includes only two spans 2 and 3 of different sections in the examples depicted in the drawings, a larger number of spans could be included, with the corresponding intermediate steps of rounded edges and corners.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a nozzle (1) for connecting conduits to a header for high temperature fluids. Said nozzle (1) is comprised by a tubular part having a circular section with at least two spans of different sections (2, 3), having decreasing dimensions from its connection to the header to its connection to the conduit, between the spans of which there is a step having rounded edges (4) and angles (5). The nozzle (1) is fixed to the conduit through the edge (8), while it is fixed to the contour of the header orifice through the flange (6) in the event that the nozzle (1 ) is independent of the header. The nozzle (1 ) can be obtained by machining, by spinning from a sheet, or by stamping from the wall of the header.

Description

NOZZLE FOR CONNECTING CONDUITS TO A HEADER Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a nozzle for connecting conduits to a header, especially for connecting conduits to headers through which a fluid flows at a high temperature.
The nozzle of the invention is especially, though not exclusively, applicable to solar absorption panels, for connecting the absorption conduits on the header, through which a thermal fluid based on molten salts flows, though other types of high temperature transmitting fluids can be used. Background of the Invention
In solar absorption panels the connection of the solar absorption conduits, generally having small thickness, to the header, generally having a greater thickness to withstand the mechanical service loads, is carried out with nozzles shaped as cylindrical bushings oj- machined nozzles, comprised by a tubular span having a constant circular section, approximately equal to that of the conduits. These bushings are joined to the conduit on one side and to the header orifice on the other side, generally by butt welding. Sometimes the nozzles have been directly extruded from the header. These implementations can be observed in US patent 6,736,134 B2 or in its PCT version WO 03/021159 A2. Some constructions of this type submit to the areas for joining the header body with the solar absorption conduits to high thermal stresses, especially on those located in the side areas of the header, with lower salt flow and consequently with lower heat exchange efficiency. These thermal stresses are caused by rapid temperature changes in the molten salts flowing through the header due to cloud passages over the solar plant heliostat field. These stresses due to abrupt temperature changes can be attenuated by using different nozzles for the connections of the conduits and different areas of said header, or by placing sleeves or other thermal protections on the nozzles for joining the solar absorption conduits to the header. Nevertheless, these protections have geometric shapes that are complicated to manufacture and difficult to assemble, increasing the manufacturing and inspection difficulty and making these processes more expensive. Without these protections the working life of the installation is extremely short. Description of the Invention The object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks set forth by means of a nozzle which can be used in connecting all the conduits to the header, and without the need to apply special thermal protections.
In a solar panel with headers and tubes as described, the area for joining the tubes with the header, by means of the corresponding nozzle, is a critical working area, which works under thermomechanical fatigue. The nozzle of the invention has a geometric shape providing a considerable improvement in thermostructural performance and will therefore ensure a longer lifetime, all of this based on the following concepts: a) The nozzle of the invention will allow decoupling the effects of thickness changing and convective efficiency changing of the fluid due to the change in speed when the fluid passes through a large cavity, having greater thickness, to a tube, having less thickness. The geometric shape of the header of the invention therefore achieves a significant advantage jn thermal gradients and thermal stresses derived under thermal transients. b) The nozzle of the invention is also designed such that it structurally makes the joint more flexible, which joint, in regular nozzles, is essentially at 90° between two components and which, under thermal loads, generates high stresses. With the new geometric shape the stresses considerably decreases. c) Finally, the nozzle of the invention will allow the thermal structural decoupling: the upper joint to the header is the critical part from the thermal point of view, while the mechanical load due to interface loads imposed by the piping system is more concentrated in the area for joining to the tube.
All the advantages set forth are obtained with the nozzle of the invention, consisting of a tubular span having a circular section, whose span has at least two different sections, with decreasing dimensions from its connection to the header to its connection to the tube. A step with rounded angles is defined between these two sections.
With the described configuration a kind of intermediate chamber is created, which "dams" the fluid and distributes the loads between at least two transition areas, instead of one with a stander tube-header connection. The tubular span comprising the nozzle of the invention may have more than two consecutive different sections, such that it would have more than two transition areas.
The nozzle of the invention can be independent of the header and conduits, being possible to obtain it by machining, for example from a bar. The nozzle with the described configuration can also be obtained by spinning from a sheet whose thickness is at least equal to the thickness of the header wall to which it is joined.
Finally, the nozzle can be part of the header and can be obtained by stamping from the wall of said header.
In either of the last two processes a subsequent thermal annealing treatment will preferably be performed to remove residual stresses derived from spinning or stamping.
In any case, the header wall can have a wall with decreasing thickness, decreasing in the same direction as the dimension of the different sections of the nozzle decreases.
As will be understood, the nozzle of the invention can be applied to the connection of conduits to headers for purposes different from those discussed above.
In the possible materials that can be used in the manufacture of the nozzle, it is necessary to select a material which has good properties under high temperatures, above 6000C, i.e. high mechanical strength, good resistance to thermal fatigue, good creep resistance, good resistance to corrosion under stress at high temperature, in the presence of nitrate salts or the transmitter fluid used, low coefficient of thermal expansion so the loads due to thermal deformations are reduced, such that it can be welded, such that it can be formed and such that it is of common use. In this sense, nickel-based superalloys, such as lnconel 625 or similar, are good candidates. Brief Description of the Drawings
A more detailed description of the nozzle of the invention is provided below with the aid of the attached drawings, which show a non-limiting embodiment. Figure 1 is a side view of a nozzle comprised according to the invention, sectioned at 90°.
Figure 2 shows in a diametrical sectional view of a nozzle comprised according to the invention, obtained from the header wall which it is a part of.
Figure 1 shows a nozzle which is generally referred to with number 1 and which is comprised by a tubular part having a circular section which, according to the invention, has at least two consecutive spans, with reference numbers 2 and 3, of different sections, decreasing from the connection to the header to the connection to the conduit. These two spans shape a step having rounded edges 4 and angles 5. The span 2 having a larger section finishes in a flange or lip 6 designed to be formed and coupled to the contour of the header orifices. As is shown in Figure 2, the nozzle 1 can be obtained from the header wall 7 itself, for example by stamping, having the same spans 2 and 3 of different sections, decreasing in the same direction and also with rounded angles and corners.
In Figure 1 , the nozzle 1 will be fixed to the conduits through the edge 8, while it will be fixed to the contour of the header orifice through the flange 6, fixings which will generally be carried out by means of butt welding, such that the wall thickness of the edge 8 will coincide with that of the conduit to which it is connected, and the thickness of the flange 6 with that of the header to which it is joined.
The lip or flange 6 and the edge 8 will have a minimum length that is sufficient to allow their joining by butt welding, and so that these weld joints will be outside of the maximum stresses working areas of the nozzle 1.
In the case of Figure 2, the conduits will be fixed to the free edge 8 of the nozzle, fixings which will generally be carried out by means of butt welding.
As can be seen, in Figures 1 and 2, the wall thickness of the nozzle decreases in the same direction as the decreasing of section of the spans 2 and 3 takes place.
As indicated above, the nozzle with the described configuration will have a better thermostructural performance in relation to traditional nozzles, with a constant section.
The span 2 with larger section shapes a kind of intermediate chamber between the header and the conduit joined to the nozzle, which "dams" the fluid and distributes the loads between two transition areas, instead of just one as traditional nozzles with a constant section would have.
Even though the nozzle includes only two spans 2 and 3 of different sections in the examples depicted in the drawings, a larger number of spans could be included, with the corresponding intermediate steps of rounded edges and corners.

Claims

1.- A nozzle for connecting conduits to a header for high temperature fluids, comprising a tubular part having a circular section, characterized in that the mentioned part has at least two spans of different sections (2, 3), having decreasing dimensions from its connection to the header to its connection to the conduit, between the spans of which there is a step having rounded edges (4) and angles (5).
2.- A nozzle according to claim 1 , characterized in that said nozzle (1) is independent of the header and conduits and is obtained by machining.
3.- A nozzle according to claim 1 , characterized in that said nozzle (1) is independent of the header and conduits and is obtained by spinning from a sheet whose thickness is at least equal to the thickness of the wall of the header to which it is joined.
4.- A nozzle according to claim 1 , characterized in that said nozzle (1) is part of the header and is obtained by stamping from the wall of said header.
PCT/EP2007/003531 2006-04-24 2007-04-23 Nozzle for connecting conduits to a header WO2007121961A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200601037 2006-04-24
ES200601037A ES2329100B1 (en) 2006-04-24 2006-04-24 NOZZLE FOR CONNECTING DRIVES TO A COLLECTOR.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007121961A1 true WO2007121961A1 (en) 2007-11-01

Family

ID=38372300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/003531 WO2007121961A1 (en) 2006-04-24 2007-04-23 Nozzle for connecting conduits to a header

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2329100B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007121961A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013224036A1 (en) * 2013-11-25 2015-05-28 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Heat exchanger
CN111141038A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-12 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 Three-tube butt joint structure and method of solar heat collection tube
CN111156719A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-15 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 Double-pipe butt joint structure and method of solar heat collecting pipe
JP2021017935A (en) * 2019-07-22 2021-02-15 リンナイ株式会社 Connection joint, manufacturing method for heat exchanger, and heat exchanger

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB828581A (en) * 1957-02-15 1960-02-17 Andre Huet Improvements in or relating to connecting tubes to plates and the like
US3516692A (en) * 1968-02-09 1970-06-23 Allied Piping Products Co Of P Branch pipe connection
FR2229010A1 (en) * 1973-05-07 1974-12-06 Chemetron Corp Thermal sleeves for pressure vessel nozzles - close fitting projection and/or labyrinths preventing vibration and liq. circulation behind sleeve
US4663812A (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-05-12 Norsk Hydro A.S. Method of manufacture of manifolds
US5071174A (en) * 1990-10-18 1991-12-10 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Brazed tubing connector construction and method
WO2001084036A1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Peter Kjaer Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a header pipe

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB803506A (en) * 1956-03-19 1958-10-29 Andre Huet Improvements in or relating to connecting tubes to plates, leaders, containers and the like
JP2000088167A (en) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-31 Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd Connecting structure of branch pipe
WO2003083347A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Hei-Sung Lee Branch pipe connector for welding pipes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB828581A (en) * 1957-02-15 1960-02-17 Andre Huet Improvements in or relating to connecting tubes to plates and the like
US3516692A (en) * 1968-02-09 1970-06-23 Allied Piping Products Co Of P Branch pipe connection
FR2229010A1 (en) * 1973-05-07 1974-12-06 Chemetron Corp Thermal sleeves for pressure vessel nozzles - close fitting projection and/or labyrinths preventing vibration and liq. circulation behind sleeve
US4663812A (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-05-12 Norsk Hydro A.S. Method of manufacture of manifolds
US5071174A (en) * 1990-10-18 1991-12-10 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Brazed tubing connector construction and method
WO2001084036A1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Peter Kjaer Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a header pipe

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013224036A1 (en) * 2013-11-25 2015-05-28 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Heat exchanger
JP2021017935A (en) * 2019-07-22 2021-02-15 リンナイ株式会社 Connection joint, manufacturing method for heat exchanger, and heat exchanger
JP7370183B2 (en) 2019-07-22 2023-10-27 リンナイ株式会社 Connection joint, heat exchanger manufacturing method, and heat exchanger
CN111141038A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-12 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 Three-tube butt joint structure and method of solar heat collection tube
CN111156719A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-15 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 Double-pipe butt joint structure and method of solar heat collecting pipe
CN111156719B (en) * 2020-01-16 2024-04-23 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 Double-tube butt joint structure and method of solar heat collecting tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2329100A1 (en) 2009-11-20
ES2329100B1 (en) 2010-09-06

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