WO2001084036A1 - Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a header pipe - Google Patents

Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a header pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001084036A1
WO2001084036A1 PCT/DK2000/000219 DK0000219W WO0184036A1 WO 2001084036 A1 WO2001084036 A1 WO 2001084036A1 DK 0000219 W DK0000219 W DK 0000219W WO 0184036 A1 WO0184036 A1 WO 0184036A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reinforcement ring
chosen
reinforcement
header pipe
welding seam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2000/000219
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Kjaer
Original Assignee
Peter Kjaer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peter Kjaer filed Critical Peter Kjaer
Priority to PCT/DK2000/000219 priority Critical patent/WO2001084036A1/en
Priority to AU2000241013A priority patent/AU2000241013A1/en
Publication of WO2001084036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001084036A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/08—Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of a wall or to the axis of another pipe
    • F16L41/082—Non-disconnectable joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints

Definitions

  • This invention involves a procedure for designing an integrally reinforced branch outlet called a reinforcement ring which by welding seams is intended for being placed between the side of a header pipe and the end of a branch pipe which reinforcement ring has an saddle formed end against the header pipe with a pair of opposed ears and a pair of opposed crotches.
  • reinforcement rings It is known to design reinforcement rings based on knowledge to the internal pressure from outside coming bending moments and from outside coming forces. ln the past was reinforcement rings usually made of carbon steel that is a relatively cheap metal. In the later are other and significant more expensive metals, such as stainless steel Duplex and Titanium with better physical and chemical characteristics, more often used?
  • the invention involves a procedure for a reinforcement ring that is to be placed between a header pipe and the end of a branch pipe.
  • the purpose for the reinforcement ring is to compensate for the weakening in the header pipe as results from the hole in the side of the header pipe for creating a passage for a gas or liquids stream.
  • One of the ends on the reinforcement ring is adapted to the outside surface of the header pipe.
  • the other end of the reinforcement ring is adapted such as it fits to the end of a branch pipe.
  • Both ends of the reinforcement ring are adapted such that the reinforcement ring can be welded with a full penetrating welding seam to the branch pipe and the header pipe respectively.
  • the outside and the inside diameter of the reinforcement ring's one end are chosen such that it have the same outside and inside diameter as the branch pipe.
  • the inside and the outside diameter chosen such that the strength of the reinforcement ring, the header pipe and the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe are able to sustain the pressure there might be in the pip- ing system in combination with the external moments, if any, and such that there is optimal flow conditions to, from and through the reinforcement ring.
  • the dimensions for the reinforcement ring chosen by means of an calculation algorithm which primarily minimize the volume of the welding seam between the header pipe and the reinforcement ring, and secondary minimize the amount of materials for fabrication of the reinforcement ring.
  • the calculation algorithm is a kind of multi iteration as the algorithm has many independent arguments, many limits and has the mentioned primarily and secondary minimizing targets as dependent variables.
  • Fig.1 shows in perspective the placing of the reinforcement ring between a header pipe and a branch pipe
  • Fig. 2 shows an angle section taken on the plane indicated by line A-A in Fig. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 shows a side elevation of a header pipe with details of the reinforcement ring
  • FIG. 4 shows an elevation perpendicular to the elevation in Fig.3;
  • Fig. 5 shows a side elevation of the reinforcement ring illustrated with diameters, distances and angles
  • - Fig. 6 shows the reinforcement ring with a hub
  • - Fig. 7 shows in perspective a header pipe with the reinforcement ring where outside moments and section A-A is indicated
  • - Fig. 8 shows an angle section placed in line A-A in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 shows a route diagram for a data treatment algorithm for calculating the optimal dimensions of the reinforcement ring
  • Fig. 10 shows a chart with prices for welding on reinforcement rings made of carbon steel
  • Fig. 11 shows a chart with prices for welding on reinforcement rings made of materials as stainless steel.
  • a reinforcement ring 1 which have a cylin- drical ground form with conical transition in both ends for adapting to a header pipe 2 and a branch pipe 3.
  • One of the ends 6 has an outside and inside diameter which are adapted to the branch pipe 3.
  • the other end 5 is profiled to fit to the outside surface 11 on the header pipe 2 at the edge of the hole in the header pipe 2, and has a pair of opposed ears 13 and a pair of opposed crotches 12 and a beveling 8 for a welding seam.
  • a conical transition face 4 covers from the center of each ear 13 to a point 14 increasing in breadth in the direction of point 14.
  • Fig. 2 is the reinforcement ring 1 fixed to the header pipe 2 by means of welding 16 and to the branch pipe 3 by means of welding 15.
  • the welding materials are to be compatible with the components that are to be connected, and the mechanical and chemical properties for the ma- terials in and around the finished welding seam are to be equal or better than that which are specified for the components.
  • the angle between the beveling 8 and the section perpendicular to the axis 17 has a maximum, which is angle E, and is gradually reducing in the direction of the center of the ears 13 to a minimum, which is angle D, which, in combination with the conical surface 4, reduces the welding work significant.
  • the angle /?that is shown in Fig. 8 is at least 45°.
  • Fig. 5 is shown a section placed in a section, which is limited by that in Fig. 1 shown longitudinally axis 17 for the reinforcement ring and the longitudinally axis 18 for the header pipe.
  • the height h in Fig. 5 is initially chosen as a calculated height h b which is equal to F minus one half of the difference between the diameters B and C both multiplied by the tangent to half the angle G,
  • h is chosen to be equal h e
  • h min(F-( ⁇ - C)/2tan(G/2) ; h e ).
  • the diameter B is chosen to be equal OD multiplied by the empirical number 1.2 - and if C is equal to ID, then B is chosen to be equal to or bigger than OD multiplied with 1.2.
  • the invention is thirdly characteristic by that - the diameter C in Fig. 5 lies within an interval between a bigger empirical chosen limit value which is OD multiplied with 1.06 and a smaller limit value which is equal to ID.
  • Fig. 8 is an angle section placed in line A-A in Fig. 7.
  • the reinforcing ring 1 in Fig. 8 has a nominal wall thickness N fb , a necessary wall thickness t b to sustain the internal pressure, a corrosion allowance c, an internal tolerance U b and reinforcement areas A 3 and A 4
  • the header pipe 2 has as well a nominal wall thickness N tb , a necessary wall thickness t n to sustain the internal pressure, a corrosion allowance c, an internal tolerance U h ⁇ a hole with a diameter C for passage through the side wall, a weakening area At and a reinforcement area A 2 .
  • T r a d i t i o n a l l y is the design of a reinforcement ring, as shown in Fig. 8, carried out by choose of the first empirical dimensions for the first reinforcement ring and for the passage through the side wall in the header pipe and by establishing the first implicit dimensions for the reinforcement ring and the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe and for the first dimensions a first weakening area A-, and a sum of the first reinforcement areas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are calculated and if the sum of the first reinforcement areas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 is bigger than or equal with the first weakening area A ⁇ , then are the first dimensions for the first rein- forcement ring chosen and if the reinforcement areas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 is smaller than the first weakening area Ai, then are other dimensions chosen.
  • the invention is fourthly characteristic by that
  • a first volume of the welding seam is calculated for the first dimen- sions for the reinforcement ring
  • first and second are not to be taken as the absolute first and the absolute second but as the relatively first in relation to the relatively second. That means that the first and the second in principle can be the third and fourth or a quite different number in the succession. The calculations are terminated after that
  • the volume of the welding seam will be as small as possible at all. As smaller the volume of the welding seam is, as less time is used for welding on the reinforcement ring.
  • Fig. 9 is shown a route diagram that shows the treatment of the data by the mentioned combined method for optimizing of the reinforcement ring and the welding seam between the header pipe and the reinforcement ring.
  • - In A1 are chosen the first empirical dimensions for the reinforcement ring and for the passage through the side wall of the header pipe,
  • - in A2 are found the first implicit dimensions for the reinforcement ring and the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe
  • - in A3 is calculated the volume of the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe
  • - in B4 is calculated the sum of the reinforcement areas minus the weakening area
  • - in B5 is calculated the sum of the reinforcement areas minus the weakening area
  • - in C2 is route 2 chosen if the result in B2 is smaller than an empirical chosen size, otherwise is route 12 chosen, - in C3 is route 3 chosen if the result in B3 is bigger than an empirical chosen size, otherwise is route 13 chosen,
  • route 4 chosen if the result in B4 is smaller than an empirical chosen area, otherwise is route 14 chosen,
  • - in C5 is route 5 chosen if the result in B5 is bigger than an empiri- cal chosen area, otherwise is route 15 chosen, - in C6 is route 6 chosen if the result in B6 is smaller than an empirical chosen volume, otherwise is route 16 chosen,
  • the size of the change in B1 and C1 are chosen in relation to the relative change of the results in the calculations previous.
  • the design of the reinforcement ring is made by means of electronic data processing. It is in that way possible to reduce the costs for designing of reinforcement rings and to reduce the volume of the welding seam as much as possible at the same time as requirements in the valid norms, as for example the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31.3-1999 Edition, are fulfilled.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 are shown the prices in DKK (1 DKK ⁇ 0.14 USD) in year 2000 for welding on of reinforcement rings in different combinations of sizes of header pipes and branch pipes.
  • the bright columns gives typical prices for welding on reinforcement rings designed and optimized in accordance with the present invention, and the dark columns gives typical prices for welding on reinforcement rings which at present are available on the marked.
  • Fig. 10 are shown prices for welding on of reinforcement rings made of carbon steel inclusive post weld heat treatment and non destructive testing and similar in Fig. 11 but for materials as stainless steel.
  • the end 6 of the reinforcement ring 1 in Fig. 3 can alternatively be made as a nipple, socket welding end, threaded end, flange or an other pipe component as for example a hub as shown in Fig. 6.
  • This invention concerns also a reinforcement ring which has a special formed beveling 8 which means that the round going welding area between the reinforcement ring 1 and the header pipe 2 are minimized.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 is the angle for the beveling 8 changing be- tween a bigger size E at the opposed crotches 12 and a smaller size D at the opposed ears 13 and as shown in Fig. 4 is the reinforcement ring outside the opposed ears 13 formed with conical surfaces 4 which are turned in such a way that the breadth of he beveling 8 is smaller at the ears 13 as at the crotches 12.
  • the surface 4 covers with increasing breadth from the ears 13 to a point 14 in a short distance from a center plane through the crotches 12. The length of the short distance from the point 14 to the center plane through the crutches 12 is found in the same way as earlier described for the other implicit dimensions.
  • the described methods shall only serve as an illustration of the invention.
  • the methods can be used one by one, but the optimal result is obtained, when they are used coherent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention involves a procedure for designing a reinforcement ring (1), which is placed between and with welding seams welded to the side of a running header pipe (2) and the end of a branch pipe (3) which reinforcement ring (1) has a saddle formed end against the header pipe with a pair of opposed ears (13) and a pair of opposed crotches (12) by which the welding seam between the reinforcement ring (1) and the header pipe (2) and the consumption of material for production of the reinforcement ring (1) are optimized to the smallest possible volumes. The invention also involves a characteristic formed end of the reinforcement ring (1) against the header pipe (2), by which form the volume of the welding seam is minimized.

Description

A procedure for designing an integrally reinforced branch outlet fitting for connections between a branch pipe and a header pipe in process plants such as oil and gas production plants and refineries and a branch outlet fitting formed in accordance with the procedure.
This invention involves a procedure for designing an integrally reinforced branch outlet called a reinforcement ring which by welding seams is intended for being placed between the side of a header pipe and the end of a branch pipe which reinforcement ring has an saddle formed end against the header pipe with a pair of opposed ears and a pair of opposed crotches.
In process plants are common that a number of vessels, pipes, branches and other equipment are used for containing or conducting fluids or gas- ses. For examples in the oil and gas industries are specified a large number of requirements for the components and weldings which connects the particular components in the plant. Frequently are required a transition from an inlet/outlet in the sidewall in a header pipe to an outlet/inlet in the end of a branch pipe by means of a reinforcement ring. Especially by branches at header pipes are exact norms established such as ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Code for Pressure Piping, B31.3-1999 Edition, which specify how reinforcement rings between two pipes are to be designed. Reinforcement rings are normally first welded to one of the ends on the branch pipes, and the reinforcement rings are after that placed over the inlet/outlet in the header pipes sidewall and then welded to the header pipe.
It is known to design reinforcement rings based on knowledge to the internal pressure from outside coming bending moments and from outside coming forces. ln the past was reinforcement rings usually made of carbon steel that is a relatively cheap metal. In the later are other and significant more expensive metals, such as stainless steel Duplex and Titanium with better physical and chemical characteristics, more often used?
It takes relatively much time, and is therefore relatively expensive to design reinforcement rings which up to now has been designed to the valid norms that are based on that the so-called compensation areas in the branch pipe, header pipe and the reinforcement ring are bigger or equal to a given weakening area of that by the assembly created opening in the header pipe.
It hat meanwhile surprising appeared that it is the time used for welding on the reinforcement ring to the header pipe that cause the biggest part of the costs by using reinforcement rings. Especially are welding on reinforcement rings made of newer materials very expensive. It is therefore primarily the purpose for this invention to form and design the reinforcement ring such that the time used for welding on is reduced as much as possible and to minimize the use of materials and at the same time to fol- low the rules in the valid norms.
That purpose is obtained by means of this present invention that deals with a procedure for designing a reinforcement ring.
A typical reinforcement ring is shown in Durham's patent from 1934 (United States Patent number 1.966.403).
The inconvenience by known reinforcement rings, as for example as shown in Durham's patent, is that they are designed for being fabricated by drop hammering which means expensive tools as dies are to be made for all combinations of header pipe diameters, header pipe wall thickness, branch pipe diameters and branch pipe wall thickness. That is not done which means that the expensive welding work remains not minimized.
To that comes that known forms of reinforcement rings as for example as shown in Durham's patent are not suitable for being fabricated in today's fabrication facilities as for example a CNC machine.
The invention involves a procedure for a reinforcement ring that is to be placed between a header pipe and the end of a branch pipe.
The purpose for the reinforcement ring is to compensate for the weakening in the header pipe as results from the hole in the side of the header pipe for creating a passage for a gas or liquids stream.
One of the ends on the reinforcement ring is adapted to the outside surface of the header pipe. The other end of the reinforcement ring is adapted such as it fits to the end of a branch pipe. Both ends of the reinforcement ring are adapted such that the reinforcement ring can be welded with a full penetrating welding seam to the branch pipe and the header pipe respectively.
The outside and the inside diameter of the reinforcement ring's one end are chosen such that it have the same outside and inside diameter as the branch pipe.
In the other end of the reinforcement ring are the inside and the outside diameter chosen such that the strength of the reinforcement ring, the header pipe and the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe are able to sustain the pressure there might be in the pip- ing system in combination with the external moments, if any, and such that there is optimal flow conditions to, from and through the reinforcement ring.
According to the invention are the dimensions for the reinforcement ring chosen by means of an calculation algorithm which primarily minimize the volume of the welding seam between the header pipe and the reinforcement ring, and secondary minimize the amount of materials for fabrication of the reinforcement ring. The calculation algorithm is a kind of multi iteration as the algorithm has many independent arguments, many limits and has the mentioned primarily and secondary minimizing targets as dependent variables.
This distinguishes the invention that the welding-work and the consumption of material are minimized as much as possible, that the form of the reinforcement ring and that the calculation algorithm are adapted to the present fabrication and calculation facilities.
The invention is in the following described detailed with reference to drawings in which - Fig.1 shows in perspective the placing of the reinforcement ring between a header pipe and a branch pipe;
- Fig. 2 shows an angle section taken on the plane indicated by line A-A in Fig. 1 ;
- Fig. 3 shows a side elevation of a header pipe with details of the reinforcement ring;
- Fig. 4 shows an elevation perpendicular to the elevation in Fig.3;
- Fig. 5 shows a side elevation of the reinforcement ring illustrated with diameters, distances and angles;
- Fig. 6 shows the reinforcement ring with a hub; - Fig. 7 shows in perspective a header pipe with the reinforcement ring where outside moments and section A-A is indicated- - Fig. 8 shows an angle section placed in line A-A in Fig. 7;
- Fig. 9 shows a route diagram for a data treatment algorithm for calculating the optimal dimensions of the reinforcement ring;
- Fig. 10 shows a chart with prices for welding on reinforcement rings made of carbon steel; and
- Fig. 11 shows a chart with prices for welding on reinforcement rings made of materials as stainless steel.
In the Figs 3 and 4 are shown a reinforcement ring 1 which have a cylin- drical ground form with conical transition in both ends for adapting to a header pipe 2 and a branch pipe 3. One of the ends 6 has an outside and inside diameter which are adapted to the branch pipe 3. The other end 5 is profiled to fit to the outside surface 11 on the header pipe 2 at the edge of the hole in the header pipe 2, and has a pair of opposed ears 13 and a pair of opposed crotches 12 and a beveling 8 for a welding seam. In according to the invention runs the beveling 8 round in the crotches 12 and round the ears 13 with reducing breadth from a point 14 to the center of the ears 13. A conical transition face 4 covers from the center of each ear 13 to a point 14 increasing in breadth in the direction of point 14.
As indicated in Fig. 2 is the reinforcement ring 1 fixed to the header pipe 2 by means of welding 16 and to the branch pipe 3 by means of welding 15. The welding materials are to be compatible with the components that are to be connected, and the mechanical and chemical properties for the ma- terials in and around the finished welding seam are to be equal or better than that which are specified for the components.
Inside has the reinforcement ring 1, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, a cylindrical part at the end 5 and a cylindrical part at end 6. In case of different inside diameters at the end 5 and the end 6 there will be a conical transition between the mentioned inside cylindrical parts. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, there are in the center of each ear 13 between the beveling 8 and a section perpendicular to the axis 17 of the reinforcement ring an angle D, and in the center of each crotches 12 there are be- tween the beveling 8 and a section perpendicular to the axis 17 of the reinforcement ring an angle E. The angle between the beveling 8 and the section perpendicular to the axis 17 has a maximum, which is angle E, and is gradually reducing in the direction of the center of the ears 13 to a minimum, which is angle D, which, in combination with the conical surface 4, reduces the welding work significant.
The angle /?that is shown in Fig. 8 is at least 45°.
In Fig. 5 is shown a section placed in a section, which is limited by that in Fig. 1 shown longitudinally axis 17 for the reinforcement ring and the longitudinally axis 18 for the header pipe.
The invention is firstly characteristic by that
- the height h in Fig. 5 is initially chosen as a calculated height hb which is equal to F minus one half of the difference between the diameters B and C both multiplied by the tangent to half the angle G,
- and if hb is bigger than an empirical chosen height he, then h is chosen to be equal he
- and if hb is less or equal he, than h is chosen to be equal hb. (Which also can be written as: h = min(F-(β- C)/2tan(G/2) ; he).)
The invention is secondly characteristic by that
- if the diameter C in Fig. 5 is bigger than ID, then the diameter B is chosen to be equal OD multiplied by the empirical number 1.2 - and if C is equal to ID, then B is chosen to be equal to or bigger than OD multiplied with 1.2.
The invention is thirdly characteristic by that - the diameter C in Fig. 5 lies within an interval between a bigger empirical chosen limit value which is OD multiplied with 1.06 and a smaller limit value which is equal to ID.
Fig. 8 is an angle section placed in line A-A in Fig. 7. The reinforcing ring 1 in Fig. 8 has a nominal wall thickness Nfb, a necessary wall thickness tb to sustain the internal pressure, a corrosion allowance c, an internal tolerance Ub and reinforcement areas A3 and A4, and the header pipe 2 has as well a nominal wall thickness Ntb, a necessary wall thickness tn to sustain the internal pressure, a corrosion allowance c, an internal tolerance Uhι a hole with a diameter C for passage through the side wall, a weakening area At and a reinforcement area A2. By the design of a reinforcement ring as shown in Fig. 8, is the weakening area A<ι in norms as ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31.3-1999 Edition, defined as the maximum diameter di of the hole in the side wall of the header pipe 2 multiplied with the wall thickness th of the header pipe 2, and the reinforcement area A2 is defined as the excess thickness of the side wall in the header pipe 2 multiplied by the width of an established reinforcement zone which is equal to the difference between 2 times d2 and di , and the reinforcement area A3 is defined as the excess wall thickness of the reinforcement ring 1 multi- plied with the height of a reinforcement zone which is equal to L4 and reinforcement area A4 is defined as the area of other metal provided by welds and properly attached reinforcement within the mentioned reinforcement zone. Ntb in Fig. 8 is calculated in accordance with known rules in the relevant norms. T r a d i t i o n a l l y is the design of a reinforcement ring, as shown in Fig. 8, carried out by choose of the first empirical dimensions for the first reinforcement ring and for the passage through the side wall in the header pipe and by establishing the first implicit dimensions for the reinforcement ring and the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe and for the first dimensions a first weakening area A-, and a sum of the first reinforcement areas A2, A3 and A4 are calculated and if the sum of the first reinforcement areas A2, A3 and A4 is bigger than or equal with the first weakening area Aι, then are the first dimensions for the first rein- forcement ring chosen and if the reinforcement areas A2, A3 and A4 is smaller than the first weakening area Ai, then are other dimensions chosen. The invention is fourthly characteristic by that
- a first volume of the welding seam is calculated for the first dimen- sions for the reinforcement ring,
- and that second dimensions for a second hole and a second reinforcement ring and implicit dimensions for a second reinforcement ring and a second welding seam are established, and the volume of the second welding seam is calculated, - and if the volume of the second welding seam is smaller than the volume of the first welding seam, then are the second dimensions for reinforcement ring chosen
- and if the volume of the second welding seam is not smaller than the volume of the first welding seam, then are the first dimensions for the first reinforcement ring chosen.
The designations "first" and "second" are not to be taken as the absolute first and the absolute second but as the relatively first in relation to the relatively second. That means that the first and the second in principle can be the third and fourth or a quite different number in the succession. The calculations are terminated after that
- at least an empirical chosen number of calculations are carried out,
- and that the difference between any calculated volume of the welding seam and the smallest calculated volume of the welding seam is smaller than an in advance empirical chosen volume,
- and that the calculated sum of the reinforcement areas A2, A3 and A4 lies within an interval between a smaller and a bigger empirical limit values both very little bigger than the weakening area A1t or that the different between the outside and inside diameter of the re- inforcement ring at the header pipe lies within an interval between a smaller and a bigger empirical limit value which smaller is depended of the nominal diameter of the branch pipe and which interval is very small.
By using the above-mentioned traditional procedure in combination with the fourth method in accordance with the present innovation for designing of a reinforcement ring are obtained that the volume of the welding seam will be as small as possible at all. As smaller the volume of the welding seam is, as less time is used for welding on the reinforcement ring.
In Fig. 9 is shown a route diagram that shows the treatment of the data by the mentioned combined method for optimizing of the reinforcement ring and the welding seam between the header pipe and the reinforcement ring. - In A1 are chosen the first empirical dimensions for the reinforcement ring and for the passage through the side wall of the header pipe,
- in A2 are found the first implicit dimensions for the reinforcement ring and the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe, - in A3 is calculated the volume of the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe,
- in A4 is route 1 chosen if the nominal diameter of the branch pipe is bigger than an empirical chosen size, otherwise is route 11 cho- sen,
- in B1 are the implicit dimensions for the reinforcement ring and the welding seam between the reinforcement ring and the header pipe changed,
- in B2 is calculated the difference between the outside and the in- sider diameters of the reinforcement ring at the header pipe,
- in B3 is calculated the difference between the outside and the insider diameters of the reinforcement ring at the header pipe,
- in B4 is calculated the sum of the reinforcement areas minus the weakening area, - in B5 is calculated the sum of the reinforcement areas minus the weakening area,
- in B6 is calculated the difference between the volumes between the smallest and the second smallest welding seam,
- in B7 is recorded the number of calculations of the volume of the welding seam,
- in C1 is the dimensions for the reinforcement ring and passage though the side wall in the header pipe changed,
- in C2 is route 2 chosen if the result in B2 is smaller than an empirical chosen size, otherwise is route 12 chosen, - in C3 is route 3 chosen if the result in B3 is bigger than an empirical chosen size, otherwise is route 13 chosen,
- in C4 is route 4 chosen if the result in B4 is smaller than an empirical chosen area, otherwise is route 14 chosen,
- in C5 is route 5 chosen if the result in B5 is bigger than an empiri- cal chosen area, otherwise is route 15 chosen, - in C6 is route 6 chosen if the result in B6 is smaller than an empirical chosen volume, otherwise is route 16 chosen,
- in C7 is route 7 chosen if the result in B7 is bigger than an empirical chosen volume, otherwise is route 17 chosen - and in C8 is chosen, as result, the dimensions for the reinforcement ring with the smallest welding volume.
The size of the change in B1 and C1 are chosen in relation to the relative change of the results in the calculations previous.
The design of the reinforcement ring is made by means of electronic data processing. It is in that way possible to reduce the costs for designing of reinforcement rings and to reduce the volume of the welding seam as much as possible at the same time as requirements in the valid norms, as for example the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31.3-1999 Edition, are fulfilled.
In this way is made a totally optimization of all costs which are resulting from use of reinforcement rings, that means an optimizing of the costs for designing and an optimizing of the costs for the welding on.
In Figs. 10 and 11 are shown the prices in DKK (1 DKK ~ 0.14 USD) in year 2000 for welding on of reinforcement rings in different combinations of sizes of header pipes and branch pipes. The bright columns gives typical prices for welding on reinforcement rings designed and optimized in accordance with the present invention, and the dark columns gives typical prices for welding on reinforcement rings which at present are available on the marked. In Fig. 10 are shown prices for welding on of reinforcement rings made of carbon steel inclusive post weld heat treatment and non destructive testing and similar in Fig. 11 but for materials as stainless steel. The end 6 of the reinforcement ring 1 in Fig. 3 can alternatively be made as a nipple, socket welding end, threaded end, flange or an other pipe component as for example a hub as shown in Fig. 6.
This invention concerns also a reinforcement ring which has a special formed beveling 8 which means that the round going welding area between the reinforcement ring 1 and the header pipe 2 are minimized.
As shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is the angle for the beveling 8 changing be- tween a bigger size E at the opposed crotches 12 and a smaller size D at the opposed ears 13 and as shown in Fig. 4 is the reinforcement ring outside the opposed ears 13 formed with conical surfaces 4 which are turned in such a way that the breadth of he beveling 8 is smaller at the ears 13 as at the crotches 12. The surface 4 covers with increasing breadth from the ears 13 to a point 14 in a short distance from a center plane through the crotches 12. The length of the short distance from the point 14 to the center plane through the crutches 12 is found in the same way as earlier described for the other implicit dimensions.
The described methods shall only serve as an illustration of the invention. The methods can be used one by one, but the optimal result is obtained, when they are used coherent.

Claims

1. A method for designing a reinforcement ring (1) which is placed between and with welding seams is welded to the side of a header pipe (2) and the end of a branch pipe (3) which reinforcement ring has an end against the header pipe which is saddle formed with a pair of opposed ears (13) and a pair of opposed crotches (12) at the said end, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that
- a) the height h of the inside cylindrical part in the reinforcement ring in the end against the header pipe is initially found as a calculated height hb which is equal to the smallest distance from the ut- side surface of the header pipe to the beginning of the reduction of the outside diameter of the reinforcement ring against the branch pipe minus half the difference between the outside diameter of the reinforcement ring and the diameter of the inside cylindrical part in the reinforcement ring in the end against the header pipe both diameters multiplied with the tangent to half the angle between a line in the cone for the said reduction of the outside diameter and the axis of the reinforcement ring, - and if hb is bigger than an empirical chosen height hθ, then is h chosen to be equal to he,
- and if hb is smaller than or equal to he, then is h chosen to be equal to hb and
- b) if the inside diameter C of the end of the reinforcement ring against the header pipe is bigger than the inside diameter ID of the end of the reinforcement ring against the branch pipe, then is the outside diameter B of the reinforcement ring chosen to be equal the outside diameter OD of the branch pipe multiplied with 1.2,
- and if the inside diameter C of the end of the reinforcement ring against the header pipe is equal to the inside diameter ID of the reinforcement rings end against the branch pipe, then is the outside diameter B of the reinforcement ring chosen to be equal to or bigger than the outside diameter OD of the branch pipe multiplied with 1.2 and that
- c) the diameter C of the inside cylindrical part in the reinforcement ring in the end against the header pipe is laying within an interval between a bigger empirical chosen limit which is equal to the outside diameter OD of the branch pipe multiplied with 1.06 and a smaller limit which is equal to the inside diameter ID of the branch pipe.
2. A method for designing a reinforcement ring (1) according to claim 1 by which is chosen first empirical dimensions for the reinforcement ring and for the passage through the side wall of the header pipe and found first implicit dimensions for the reinforcement ring and the welding seam be- tween the reinforcement ring and the header pipe, and for the first dimensions is calculate the first weakening area Ai and a sum of the first reinforcement area A2, A3 and A4 is calculated, and if the sum of the first reinforcement areas A2, A3 and A4 is bigger than or equal the first weakening area At, then are the dimensions for the first reinforcement ring chosen, and if the sum of the reinforcement areas A2, A3 and A4 is smaller than the first weakening area A then are chosen other dimensions, c h a r a ct e r i z e d in that
- a first volume of the welding seam is calculated for the first dimensions for the reinforcement ring, - and that secondly dimensions for a second hole and a second reinforcement ring are chosen, and implicit dimensions for a second reinforcement ring and a second welding seam are found, and that the volume of the second welding seam is calculated,
- and if the volume of the second welding seam Is smaller than the volume of the first welding seam, then is chosen the dimensions for the second reinforcement ring, - and if the volume of the second welding seam is bigger than the volume of the first welding seam, then is chosen the dimensions for the first reinforcement ring,
- and that it is chosen other dimensions and made other calculations, until at least an empirical chosen number of calculations are made and until the different between the volume of the second smallest welding seam and the volume of the smallest welding seam and until A2 + A3 + A4 -Aι both lies within empirical chosen intervals but if OD is smaller than an empirical chosen size, then is chosen other dimensions, and other calculations are made, until at least an empirical chosen number of calculations are made, and until B-C and until the different between the volume of the second smallest welding seam and the volume of the smallest welding seam both lies within empirical chosen intervals, and until A2 + A3 + A4 - ^ is big- ger than an empirical chosen volume or area.
3. A reinforcement ring (1) formed according methods according to claim 1 and 2 and including an angle of the beveling (8) for a welding seam between the reinforcement ring (1) and the header pipe (2) which angle is changing between a bigger angel £, at the opposed crotches (12), and a smaller angle D, at the opposed ears (13), and where the reinforcement ring (1) outside the ears (13) and over the beveling (8) is formed with conical surfaces (4) which are turned in such a way, that the breadth of the beveling (8) is smaller at the ears (13) as at the crotches (12), c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that
- the surface (4) covers with increasing breadth from a center plane through the ears (13) to a point (14) in a short distance from a center plane through the crotches (12).
PCT/DK2000/000219 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a header pipe WO2001084036A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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PCT/DK2000/000219 WO2001084036A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a header pipe
AU2000241013A AU2000241013A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a headerpipe

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DK2000/000219 WO2001084036A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Method for designing a reinforced ring welded between a branch pipe and a header pipe

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007121961A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-11-01 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A. Nozzle for connecting conduits to a header
WO2013052304A1 (en) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-11 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Welding of transfer ring on round tube
CN116511658A (en) * 2023-03-16 2023-08-01 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 A robotic welding method for sleeves of nuclear power penetrating parts

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1966403A (en) * 1931-03-05 1934-07-10 Nassau Products Welding union
US2915324A (en) * 1956-11-30 1959-12-01 Bonney Forge & Tool Works Welded outlet fitting
US3516692A (en) * 1968-02-09 1970-06-23 Allied Piping Products Co Of P Branch pipe connection
US4316624A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-02-23 Davlin Irwin H Access union

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1966403A (en) * 1931-03-05 1934-07-10 Nassau Products Welding union
US2915324A (en) * 1956-11-30 1959-12-01 Bonney Forge & Tool Works Welded outlet fitting
US3516692A (en) * 1968-02-09 1970-06-23 Allied Piping Products Co Of P Branch pipe connection
US4316624A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-02-23 Davlin Irwin H Access union

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007121961A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-11-01 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A. Nozzle for connecting conduits to a header
ES2329100A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2009-11-20 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas S.A. Nozzle for connecting conduits to a header
ES2329100B1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2010-09-06 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas S.A. NOZZLE FOR CONNECTING DRIVES TO A COLLECTOR.
WO2013052304A1 (en) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-11 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Welding of transfer ring on round tube
CN116511658A (en) * 2023-03-16 2023-08-01 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 A robotic welding method for sleeves of nuclear power penetrating parts

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