WO2007119038A1 - Amorce à toxicité réduite et munition non létale faisant appel à cette nouvelle amorce - Google Patents

Amorce à toxicité réduite et munition non létale faisant appel à cette nouvelle amorce Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007119038A1
WO2007119038A1 PCT/GB2007/000572 GB2007000572W WO2007119038A1 WO 2007119038 A1 WO2007119038 A1 WO 2007119038A1 GB 2007000572 W GB2007000572 W GB 2007000572W WO 2007119038 A1 WO2007119038 A1 WO 2007119038A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primer
composition
cartridge
dry weight
gun cartridge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2007/000572
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Ernest Saxby
Original Assignee
Utm Ip Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Utm Ip Limited filed Critical Utm Ip Limited
Publication of WO2007119038A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007119038A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
    • C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
    • C06B31/08—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a metal oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. inorganic chlorate, inorganic perchlorate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B39/00—Compositions containing free phosphorus or a binary compound of phosphorus, except with oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • C06C7/02—Manufacture; Packing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/32—Cartridge cases for rim fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/02—Cartridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/10—Percussion caps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition, particularly non-lethal ammunition intended for use in training and war games.
  • the invention is directed to an improved design of primer cup, more particularly a cup with a rimfire primer, and the use of the improved cups in non-lethal ammunition.
  • the Applicant is the proprietor of a number of patents directed to non-lethal ammunition.
  • many of the Applicant's products utilise a rim fire primer which, in conjunction with a conversion kit for the firing weapon provides a reliably safe system for training in the proper use of the weapon.
  • the invention is directed to an improved design of rim fire primer cup, the use of the improved cups in the Applicant's products and other manufacturer's similar products and a method for manufacture of the novel cups.
  • the Applicant is the proprietor of a number of patents directed to non-lethal ammunition.
  • many of the Applicant's products utilise a rim fire primer which, in conjunction with a conversion kit for the firing weapon provides a reliably safe system for training in the proper use of the weapon.
  • the invention is directed to an improved -design of rim fire primer cup, the use of the improved cups in the Applicant's products and other manufacturer's similar products and a method for manufacture of the novel cups.
  • Low powered training cartridges are known, and examples of such cartridges are disclosed in PCT98/00620, PCT/GB99/02859,
  • training cartridges are characterised in that they impart much less energy to a projectile than a live (“killing") round.
  • a live round may impart 800 ft/lbs of energy to a bullet and a shotgun may impart as much as 1000 ft/lbs of energy to the shot
  • training cartridges are much less energetic.
  • the energy imparted to a projectile by a training cartridge is typically less than 5 ft/lbs and more usually less than 4 ft/lbs.
  • the term "training cartridges" as used herein therefore refers to such low energy cartridges, unless the context indicates otherwise.
  • the aforementioned training cartridges typically contain only a primer and do not contain a conventional amount of propellant. Consequently, they must be carefully designed to ensure that there is sufficient energy both to recycle a weapon and eject a projectile such as a bullet.
  • Many training cartridges see for example the cartridges disclosed in the patent documents supra, are of the expanding type in which the body of the cartridge comprises a "piston and cylinder" arrangement. With such cartridges, part of the energy of the primer is used to force the piston and cylinder apart (i.e. expand the cartridge) and drive the rear end of the cartridge back to recycle the weapon, and part of the energy is used to discharge the projectile from the front end of the cartridge. Careful control of gas flow within the cartridge is required in order to make sure that the projectile is discharged at a consistent and appropriate velocity and that the weapon is recycled at every firing.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation through the primer for a centre fire primer cartridge.
  • the primer comprises a cup or can 2 formed from, for example, nickel plated brass, and containing a suitable pyrotechnic primer material 4.
  • An anvil 6 is set into the front of the can 2 to close the can and retain the primer in place.
  • the protruding central part 6a of the anvil greatly compresses the primer to create a compressed region 4a which is highly sensitive to shock.
  • the region 4a which is sensitive to shock has an approximate width I, and this represents the impact area for the firing pin of a centre fire weapon.
  • a centre fire firing pin will impact against the impact area and further compress the primer between the wall of the can and the anvil thereby detonating the primer.
  • the firing pin of a rimfire primer weapon would impact against the can outside the impact area I and hence would not detonate the primer.
  • a primer for a rimfire primer cartridge is shown in Figure 2 and comprises a cup or can 102, the closed end of which is formed to provide a hollow rim area 103.
  • a pyrotechnic primer composition 104 is placed in the can and the can is spun thereby forcing the pyrotechnic material into the hollow rim area 103.
  • the impact area I' is annular in shape and extends around the rim of the primer. As can be seen from Figures 1 and 2 together, for cartridges of the same calibre, there will be a dead zone S between the impact region I of a centre fire primer, and the impact region I' of a rimfire region in which any impact will not detonate the primer.
  • non-lethal, rimfire ammunition such as that described in the aforementioned publications of the Applicant use conventional primer compositions.
  • Such primer compositions often contain heavy metal elements as their principle components.
  • heavy metal elements as their principle components.
  • lead styphnate is typically used as a main energetic component; barium nitrate is a common oxidant and antimony sulphide is a common fuel.
  • the presence of heavy metal elements in priming compositions is undesirable due to environmental concerns and priming mixtures containing strontium nitrate as an oxidant have been proposed (US 4 693 2010) in order to avoid the use of heavy metals.
  • KDNBF potassium dinitrobenzofuroxan
  • DDNP diazodinitrophenol
  • Primer mixtures containing KDNBF, tetrazene and strontium nitrate are known. Such mixtures can be formed through either a wet or a dry mixing process.
  • a disadvantage with this type of primer is that, in ⁇ general they are frequently too energetic and cartridges containing these primer compositions often burn too rapidly upon ignition, which is undesirable.
  • Cartridges used for training munitions are preferably designed to mimic real- ⁇ fe situations as much as possible without the need for extensive safety measures. Such cartridges differ from those used in live ammunition principally in the energy at which the bullets are expelled from the muzzle of the gun. Live ammunition is typically expelled from the barrel of a gun at energies of over 60 ft lbs (81.35 joules) whereas the cartridges of training munitions are typically expelled at 4 ft lbs (5.43 joules).
  • training cartridges containing both a primer and a propellant the use of such cartridges is associated with relatively high energy and necessitates the use of bulky and expensive protective clothing, which means that training does not take place under realistic circumstances.
  • training ammunition There are several types of training ammunition available. These include live training ammunition, live low energy training ammunition and low energy man on man training ammunition.
  • Live training ammunition is designed to allow shooting in areas and ranges in which the danger zone is below that of live combat ammunition. These products can still kill but their range is reduced.
  • Live low energy training ammunition is designed to further reduce the danger zone and risk of fatal injury. It also reduces the damage caused to training areas. These products are still dangerous and cannot be used man on man.
  • Low energy man on man training ammunition is designed to eliminate the risk of fatal and minor injury during firearms training.
  • the training of man on man is the nearest and most realistic training for real life combat situations.
  • the guns muzzle energy must be kept below 3 ft/lbs and the projectile velocity kept below 400 ft/sec if even minor injury [broken skin] is to be eliminated.
  • Protective clothing is still worn to cover eyes, ears, face, throat and bare skin to further reduce the risk of minor injury such as bruising.
  • double primer propellant free cartridge In order to obviate the need for extensive protective clothing in training exercises and to enhance the realism thereof, double primer propellant free cartridge has been proposed. Such cartridges can be used in live ammunition but find particular application with training ammunition. Cartridges of this type are described in US patent number US 6 422 149 and have already been discussed above. Such cartridges typically comprise a front primer positioned adjacent the bullet to be expelled from the cartridge and a rear primer positioned adjacent the rear end of the cartridge against which the firing pin impacts when the gun is fired. Impact of the firing pin on the rear primer results in ignition of the primer composition present therein and causes a projectile (typically plastic or steel ball) to be driven at high energy against the front primer. Upon impact of the rear primer driven projectile against the front primer, ignition of the front primer composition occurs and causes a bullet to be expelled from the barrel of the gun.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a double primer cartridge.
  • primer compositions used in both the front and rear primers will depend upon the application in which the cartridge is to be used.
  • the primer compositions of the rear primers tend to be relatively energetic to ensure that despite the relatively low energy at which the firing pin impacts the rear primer, efficient ignition of the primer composition occurs and results in the ball being driven at relatively high energy against the front primer.
  • the rear primer provides energies of 10 to 30 ft lbs (13.56 to 40.67 Joules) upon ignition.
  • the priming composition of the front primer is also itself relatively energetic to ensure that the energy at which the bullet is expelled from the barrel of the gun is relatively high.
  • the front primer suitably provides energies of 5 to 10 ft lbs (6.8 to 13.6 Joules) upon ignition. If the cartridge is to be used for low energy man on man training ammunition, the priming composition of the front primer is less energetic to ensure that the muzzle energy of the bullet expelled does not exceed 3 ft lbs (4.08 Joules).
  • a priming composition that is free of toxic heavy metals, provides consistent and controlled burning on ignition and is suitable for use in both live and training munitions, particularly in double primer propellant free cartridges.
  • a primer cup for a training cartridge characterised in that the primer composition comprises phosphorus and an oxidising agent.
  • the primer composition comprises phosphorus and an oxidising agent.
  • additional components include one or more of a gritty filler, a starch and a binding agent.
  • the phosphorus is preferably red phosphorus rather than white or black phosphorus due to its greater stability and reduced toxicity compared to white phosphorus, for example.
  • the phosphorus acts as an energetic agent and the amount of phosphorus present will depend upon a number of factors, which include the particle size of the phosphorus, the method used to initiate ignition of the primer compositions, including the force of impact, whether the primer composition is to be used in live or training ammunition and if it is to be used in a double primer propellant free cartridge, whether it is to be placed in the front or rear primer.
  • the presence or absence of one or more additional components such as a gritty filler, a starch and a binding agent will also influence the amount of phosphorus present.
  • the amount of phosphorus suitably comprises 1.1 to 10.0 % of the dry weight of the primer composition.
  • the phosphorus comprises 4 to 8% of the dry weight of the composition, especially 6% of the dry weight of the composition. Under these conditions energies in the range 10 to 30 ft lbs (13.56 to 40.67 Joules) can be achieved upon ignition. If the particle size of the phosphorus is larger, a smaller amount of phosphorus may be required, depending upon the energies required from the primer and the method of impact.
  • the amount of phosphorus suitably comprises 0.5 to 7.0 % of the dry weight of the composition, preferably 1.0 to 6.0% by weight of the composition and especially 2.5% by weight of the composition.
  • the amount of phosphorus suitably comprises 0.25 to 5 % of the dry weight of the composition.
  • the phosphorus comprises 0.5 to 3% of the dry weight of the composition, especially 0.5 to 1.0 % of the dry weight of the composition. Under these conditions energies in the range 1.5 to 3.5 ft lbs (2.03 to 4.74 Joules) can be achieved.
  • the amount of phosphorus used in the primer compositions will also depend, in part, on the type and presence of any additional components. If a gritty filler is present, the amount of phosphorus required will be less. The amount of phosphorus will also depend upon the particle size of the gritty filler; as the particle size of the gritty filler increases less phosphorus, in general, is needed.
  • the amount of phosphorus used will also depend upon the presence and nature of these additional components. If a binding agent or a starch is present, less phosphorus will be required if these components do in themselves increase the rate of burn and or the amount of gas provided by the primer composition.
  • the effect of the additional ingredients on the rate of burn of the primer compositions can be readily determined by comparing the burning properties of the compositions with and without the presence of the additional components and changing the amount of phosphorus present if necessary.
  • phosphorus having a particle size in the range 10 to 500 ⁇ m can be used in the preparation of the primer compositions of the present invention. It will be appreciated from the foregoing discussion that if the primer composition is to be used in training ammunition or in the front primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge (for use in live or training ammunition), particle sizes in the range 10 to 200 ⁇ m can be used, with particle sizes in the range 10 to 50 ⁇ m being preferred. If the primer composition is to be use in live ammunition or in the rear primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge (for use in live or training ammunition), particle sizes in the range 40 to 500 ⁇ m can be used, with particle sizes in the range 100 to 500 ⁇ m being preferred.
  • a stabiliser may also be present in the event that the components of the primer composition are found to degrade over a period of time.
  • Potassium carbonate may suitably be used as a stabilising agent.
  • a skilled person will be aware of other stabilising agents that may also be used.
  • the oxidising agent may be any oxidant that reacts with the other components of the primer composition upon ignition only.
  • the oxidant must be sufficiently stable so that spontaneous ignition of percussion caps containing the primer mixture does not occur in storage.
  • Suitable oxidants include nitrates, bromates, iodates, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides and oxides.
  • Typical oxidants include potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate, calcium chlorate and calcium perchlorate. The use of potassium chlorate is particularly preferred, since it has been found that its presence means that the activation energy required for ignition of a primer composition containing this oxidant is negligible.
  • the amount of oxidant present will depend upon whether the composition is to be used in live or training ammunition or in a front or a rear primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge. In addition, the amount of oxidant present will depend upon whether any additional components such as a gritty filler, a starch component or a binding agent are present.
  • the oxidant suitably comprises 20.0 to 99.0% by weight of the primer composition if no gritty filler is present, preferably 40.0% to 99.0% of the dry weight of the composition and especially 97.00% by dry weight of the composition. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the composition comprises 97.00% of potassium chlorate of the dry weight of the composition and no gritty filler.
  • compositions find particular application when used in a front primer for a double primer propellant free cartridge.
  • the oxidant suitably comprises 20.0 to 60.0% by dry weight of the composition, preferably 40.0 to 60.0% by dry weight of the composition and especially 60.0% by weight of the dry weight of the composition.
  • the primer composition comprises 60.0% by weight of potassium chlorate and 29.5 to 33.0% by weight of a gritty filler.
  • Such compositions find particular application for use as a rear primer in a double primer propellant free cartridge.
  • a gritty filler prevents spontaneous explosion of the active ingredients of the primer and provides sufficient friction on ignition of the primer to ensure that controlled and efficient burning occurs.
  • suitable fillers include ground stone, glass, talc, feldspar and silicates of feldspar diatomaceous earth minerals, iron oxides and magnesium carbonate. Mixtures of any number of these materials may also serve as suitable inert fillers.
  • the ground stone has particles in the range 5 to 150 ⁇ m.
  • a gritty filler depends upon the desired muzzle velocities required and whether the compositions are to be used in live or training ammunition or in the front or rear primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge (for use in either live or training ammunition). If a composition is to be used in the manufacture of a primer for training purposes such as in the front primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge the composition will suitably either contain no filler at all or will typically contain a filler such that its amount and particle size result in a primer having an energy of 1.5 to 3.5 ft lbs (2.03 to 4.75 Joules) upon ignition.
  • the composition will suitably contain inert fillers having larger particle sizes.
  • the inert fillers for use in such applications have particle sizes in the range 60 to 120 ⁇ m.
  • an inert filler suitably comprises 10.00 to 50.00% of the dry weight of the composition, preferably 25.00 to 35.00% of the dry weight of the composition, especially 29.50 to 33.00% of the dry weight of the composition.
  • the inert filler comprises 29.5 to 33.00% of the dry weight of the composition of the primer composition.
  • a starch component may be included in the primer mixture to facilitate the controlled burning of the primer mixture on ignition and thus the controlled generation of gases associated with combustion. It will be appreciated that the rate of combustion of the primer mixture of the present invention depends to a large extent on the amount and the type of the starch component present.
  • the starch component typically comprises between 0.025 and 10.00% by weight of the dry weight of the primer composition. Preferably the starch component comprises 0.75 to 5% by weight of the dry composition, especially 1.00 to 3.00% by weight of the dry composition.
  • compositions in which none is present are associated with a higher gas production compared to compositions in which none is present and that primer compositions containing starch will most suitably be used in either in live ammunition or in the rear primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge (either for training purposes or otherwise) where higher energies are required.
  • primer compositions containing starch will most suitably be used in either in live ammunition or in the rear primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge (either for training purposes or otherwise) where higher energies are required.
  • compositions for use in training ammunition may contain starch, the amount and type of starch present will depend upon the other components present and desired energenicity.
  • Suitable starch components include powders derived from sources such as paper, cellulose, corn, rice, wheat, potato, maize and barley. In general it is preferred that when a starch component is present in a composition, the ratio of starch to oxidant is of the order of 1:6. Particularly good results have been achieved through the use of cornflour.
  • the primer composition contains 0.025 to 10.00% of cornflour by dry weight of the composition, particularly 0.75 to 5% by dry weight of the composition and especially 0.50 to 4.00% by weight of the dry composition.
  • the ratio of cornflour to potassium chlorate is 1:6.
  • Such compositions find particular application as the rear primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge (either for training purposes or otherwise).
  • the primer composition of the invention preferably contains one or more binding agents, the presence of which facilitates the formation of the primer composition into a paste and its loading into percussion caps for subsequent insertion into a cartridge.
  • the binder doesn't burn or requires a very high activation energy in order for burning to occur.
  • Any suitable binding composition that facilitates the formation of a paste can be used, providing the storage stability of the composition is not compromised.
  • suitable binding compositions include latex emulsions such as BAL, shellac, resins, glues, lacquers or any of the polysaccharides (such as gels or gums) used for setting or thickening purposes within the food industry or used as adhesives. Synthetic vinyl based polymers can also be used as can wall paper paste.
  • the binding agent is a wall paper paste comprising carboxymethylcellulose and sodium hydroxymethylcellulose that has optionally been formaldehyde treated.
  • the wall paper paste comprises 0.25 to 0.90% of the dry weight of the composition, especially 0.50% of the dry weight of the composition.
  • the primer composition comprises 6.00% red phosphorus, 60.00% potassium chlorate; 29.5 to 33% inert filler, 0.50 to 4.00% cornflour and 0.5% of wallpaper paste by dry weight of the composition.
  • This composition is suitably used in live ammunition or in the rear primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge (for either live or training purposes).
  • the primer composition comprises 2.00% by weight red phosphorus, 97.00% by weight potassium chlorate, 0.50% by weight of a wallpaper paste and 0.50% by weight of BAL latex binder. All weights are quoted with reference to the dry weight of the composition.
  • This composition is suitably used in training ammunition, particularly in the front primer of a double primer propellant free cartridge.
  • primer compositions can be prepared through the use of either wet mixing or dry mixing techniques.
  • Wet mixing techniques have been found to produce the most homogeneous products but require the use of a drying step. It will be appreciated, however, that the drying of a bulk volume of a primer composition is inherently associated with the risk of explosion.
  • dry mixing techniques can be used in the production of primer compositions, the technique is less suited for the production of bulk quantities of the primer composition and the homogeneity of the resulting compositions, generally, is not as good as that achieved through the use of wet mixing techniques.
  • compositions of the present invention are, therefore, preferably prepared through the use of a wet mixing technique and a second aspect of the invention provides a method for the preparation of the primer compositions according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the wet mix comprises 25g of water per lOOg of dry ingredients.
  • the red phosphorus and oxidant are only mixed together in the presence of water.
  • phosphorus is firstly added to water and thoroughly mixed. Potassium chlorate is then thoroughly incorporated into the mixture and finally the binder (BAL and/or wallpaper paste) is added. The resulting paste is then loaded into primer caps and dried in a drying oven. Potassium carbonate may be added to the mixture to improve its long term stability in the event that the stability of the dry composition is less than optimal.
  • water is added to a dry mixture of red phosphorus, inert filler and cornflour to give a liquid slurry.
  • Potassium chlorate is then added to the liquid slurry and mixed thoroughly.
  • Wall paper paste is then added to the resulting mixture to give a paste, which can be readily loaded into the percussion caps used in cartridges.
  • compositions are preferably dried at a temperature of between 60 0 C and 100 0 C. If it is desired to dry at 100 0 C, it is preferably to include a BAL latex binder in the composition to prevent shrinkage of the dry composition away from the wall of the cup. Drying at 6O 0 C results in less shrinkage.
  • the primer is further characterised in that the primer composition is embodied in a stainless steel cup. This is in preference to the conventionally used brass cup which, the inventors have found, is prone to corrode in the presence of red phosphorous. Desirably, the primer composition is embodied in a rim of the primer cup.
  • the invention comprises a training cartridge which includes the primer composition and primer cups of the invention.
  • the cartridge is a double primer cartridge comprising a posterior (rear) portion and an anterior (front) portion, the posterior portion comprising a recycling mechanism, the recycling mechanism being initiated on activation of a primer to cause the weapon to be recycled.
  • Activation of the rear primer may also cause the activation of a second primer in the anterior portion which second primer optionally propels a projectile from the cartridge.
  • a pressure or shock wave resulting from activation of the rear primer activates the second (front) primer.
  • the front primer creates a noise or flash without propulsion of a projectile.
  • the recycling mechanism comprises a moveable member which is slideable rearwardly towards a breech block, sliding being responsive to a reaction caused on initiation of the primer composition on firing of the firearm to propel the moveable member in a rearward direction against the breech block of the firearm so as to recycle the firearm.
  • the anterior portion is provided with a nose portion which is suitable for receiving a projectile, and further includes a source of energetic material located in the anterior portion, the energetic material being initiatable by a reaction produced on activation of the primer composition to cause propulsion of the projectile from the cartridge.
  • the anterior portion includes a gas generating means for providing gas within the cartridge, which gas generating means causes both propulsion of the moveable member and the projectile.
  • the moveable member is in the form of a piston or cylinder slideably engaged respectively with a cylinder or a piston.
  • the energetic material is initiated by the shock or pressure wave produced on initiation of the gas generating means.
  • the present invention provides a cartridge comprising an anterior portion and a posterior portion the posterior portion comprising a piston slideable in a case which case extends rearwardly from the anterior portion, the piston including a hollow interior and the case defining an expansion chamber with which the hollow interior of the piston connects and characterised by a deposit of primer packed directly into the hollow interior at a position most distal to the anterior portion, the primer comprising red phosphorus and an oxidising agent.
  • the anterior portion is provided with a gas passage which communicates with the expansion chamber, the gas passage being plugged by a deposit of primer, the anterior primer comprising red phosphorus and an oxidising agent.
  • the primer there is no necessity for the primer to be encased in a primer cup.
  • a primer composition was prepared by adding 36 g of water to a dry mixture containing 6g of red phosphorus, 33g of inert filler and 0.5g of cornflour. 6Og of potassium chlorate was added to the wet mixture and thoroughly combined. 0.5g of wallpaper paste was added to the resulting mixture and stirred until a paste-like consistency was achieved (15 - 30 seconds). The resultant paste-like mixture was metered into a stainless steel cups and placed in a drying oven.
  • a primer composition was prepared by adding 36g of water to a dry mixture containing 6g of red phosphorus, 32.5g of inert filler and l.Og of cornflour. 6Og of potassium chlorate was added to the wet mixture and thoroughly combined. 0.5g of wallpaper paste was added to the resulting mixture and stirred until a paste-like consistency was achieved (15 - 30 seconds). The resultant paste-like mixture was metered into a stainless steel cup and placed in a drying oven.
  • a primer composition was prepared by adding 36g of water to a dry mixture containing 6g of red phosphorus, 32.75g of inert filler and 0.75g of cornflour. 6Og of potassium chlorate was added to the wet mixture and thoroughly combined. 0.5g of wallpaper paste was added to the resulting mixture and stirred until a paste-like consistency was achieved (15 - 30 seconds). The resultant paste-like mixture was metered into a stainless steel cup and placed in a drying oven.
  • a primer composition was prepared by adding 36g of water to a dry mixture containing 6g of red phosphorus, 30.5g of inert filler and 3.Og of cornflour. 6Og of potassium chlorate was added to the wet mixture and thoroughly combined. 0.5g of wallpaper paste was added to the resulting mixture and stirred until a paste-like consistency was achieved (how long does this take - approximately?). The resultant paste-like mixture was pressed into rimfire primer cases using a small press at 30 psi with an angled punch and placed in a drying oven.
  • This product was able to cycle the M 16 and the G36 OK over repeated rounds of ammunition.
  • a primer composition was prepared by adding 36g of water to a dry mixture containing 6g of red phosphorus, 29.5g of inert filler and 4.Og of cornflour. 6Og of potassium chlorate was added to the wet mixture and thoroughly combined. 0.5g of wallpaper paste was added to the resulting mixture and stirred until a paste-like consistency was achieved (15 - 30 seconds ⁇ . The resultant paste-like mixture was pressed into a stainless steel cup and the cup and primer dried.
  • the following preferred primer compositions have been successfully and safely incorporated directly into cartridge cases without the use of primer cups and the cartridges have performed satisfactorily in tests.
  • the tested cartridges were double primer cartridges and incorporated both an anterior and posterior primer having the compositions as listed below.
  • a paste was formed from the dry ingredients (10Og) by adding to water (35g) in the order PVA, red phosphorous, corn flour (where present), inert filler, potassium chlorate, wallpaper paste and mixing thoroughly after the addition of each component.
  • the resulting pastes were deposited directly into the casing of a double primer cartridge having the form substantially of that shown in the Figure 2 and then dried at around 6O 0 C.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation through the primer for a centre fire primer cartridge.
  • Figure 2 shows a primer for a rimfire primer cartridge.
  • Figure 3 shows one example of a training cartridge embodying a piston and cylinder type recycling mechanism.
  • Figure 4 shows another example of a training cartridge embodying a piston and cylinder type recycling mechanism.
  • the cartridge includes primers in each of an anterior and a posterior portion, the anterior primer being operative to propel a projectile from the cartridge and assist in the recycling of the weapon.
  • Figure 5 shows a two primer cartridge wherein the primers are each inserted directly into the casing of the cartridge.
  • the cartridge 2 comprises a cylindrical cartridge case 4 with an in-turned flange 6 at the rearward end.
  • the forward end of the casing comprises a nose portion 8, which in this embodiment is in the form of a plug, from which sleeve 4 extends in a rearwards direction.
  • the plug 8 has an axial bore 10.
  • the inner surface of the sleeve and the rearward surface 12 of the plug define a piston chamber 14.
  • a piston 16 is slidably contained within the piston chamber 14 and has a pair of outwardly extending flanges 18 at its forward end. Nested between the flanges 18 and surrounding the piston is an 'O'-ring 20 to provide a seal between the forward end of the piston and the inner surface of the casing.
  • a pyrotechnic composition 22 is housed at the rearward end of the piston 16. Extending from the pyrotechnic composition to the forward end of the piston is a first gas expansion chamber 24. At the head of the gas expansion chamber 24, gas channels 26 allow the flow of propellant gas from the first expansion chamber 24 into a second expansion chamber 14a (which corresponds to the expansion chamber defined in the claims appended hereto), which is defined by the space between the piston head and the rearward surface 12 of the plug.
  • a spigot 28 extends from the forward end of the piston and is slidably contained within the axial bore 10 of the plug. Spigot 28 is surrounded by O-ring 30 which provides a seal with the inner surface of the axial bore 10.
  • the pyrotechnic composition 22 is activated by the impact of the firing pin P and the propellant gas formed by ignition of the composition expands into the first gas expansion chamber 14 and then through the gas channels 26 between the first gas expansion chamber 14 and the second expansion chamber 14a at the front of the piston.
  • the pressure of expanding gas in the second expansion chamber forces the piston (and with it the spigot) to move rearwardly relative to the outer casing 4.
  • the piston is propelled rearwardly against the breech block B to recycle the firearm.
  • the bullet shape presented by the spigot is withdrawn into the cartridge keeping the overall length of the cartridge substantially the same as a normal spent cartridge and thereby allowing the cartridge to be ejected in the normal way. At least a portion of the spigot 28 remains in the bore 10 after firing.
  • a cartridge comprises an anterior portion 1 and a posterior portion 2 the posterior portion comprising a piston 3 slideable in a cylinder 4 extending rearwardly from the anterior portion 1.
  • the anterior portion 1 is provided with a gas passage 5 which communicates with an expansion chamber 7.
  • the piston 3 is provided with a hollow interior 8 which connects with expansion chamber 7.
  • first primer 10 Disposed toward the posterior end of the piston 3 is a first primer 10 and in the anterior portion there is a second primer 11.
  • a rubber sealing ring 14 is provided between the piston 3 and cylinder 4 to prevent passage of gas to the posterior portion 2. Adjacent the rubber sealing ring 14, the piston is provided with a rim of extended circumference 15, which, when the piston is allowed to extend from the cylinder, encounters a flange 16 provided on the inner circumference of the cylinder 4 to the posterior end of the cylinder 4.
  • the first primer 10 is initiated by, for example, a firing pin to produce a volume of gas.
  • the gas travels along the hollow interior 8 and into expansion chamber 7. Expansion of the gas causes the piston 3 to slide rearwardly within cylinder 4 towards a breech block (not shown).
  • the piston 3 is prevented from exiting cylinder 4 by the flange and rim (16, 15) provided respectively on the inner circumference of the cylinder 4 and piston 3.
  • the shock/pressure wave created on ignition of first primer 10 initiates a second energetic response on second primer 11 located in the anterior portion 1 of the cartridge.
  • the anterior portion 1 is provided with an internal profile suitable for receiving a projectile 17.
  • the energetic reaction produced in primer 11 propels the projectile 17 from the cartridge at high speed to create the impression of a live bullet being fired.
  • Figure 5 shows in cross section an embodiment of the invention which comprises an anterior portion 21 a posterior portion comprising a piston 23 which is slideable rearwardly from a cylindrical casing 24 which extends rearwardly from the anterior portion 21.
  • a gas tight seal is provided between the cylinder and the piston by means of O-ring 214.
  • the piston has a hollow interior 28 which connects with a gas passage 25 in the anterior portion.
  • a ball bearing 221 Located in the hollow interior 28 of the piston 23 is a ball bearing 221. At the rear of the hollow interior 28 is a deposit 210 of the primer composition which, as can be seen, is packed directly into the body of the piston. Midway of the anterior portion 21 the gas passage 25 is blocked by a second deposit 211 of primer composition which is again packed directly into the body of the anterior portion.
  • a firing pin impacts the rear end surface of the posterior portion igniting the deposit of primer 210.
  • gas is generated and expands driving the ball bearing 221 along the hollow interior 28 towards the anterior portion 21.
  • the piston 23 is driven rearwardly from the cylinder 24 by the same expanding gas to engage with the breech of the weapon (not shown) and recycle the weapon.
  • the forward travelling ball bearing 221 impacts upon the second primer 211 causing a second release of expanding gas and at the same time blocking the gas passage 25. Consequently, all energy of the expanding gas drives projectile 220 forwards propelling it from the weapon.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une capsule d'amorçage destinée à une cartouche d'arme à feu, le constituant énergétique de la composition d'amorçage comprenant du phosphore rouge et la capsule comprenant de l'acier. La capsule de l'invention trouve une application particulière dans des cartouches d'armes à feu non létales, mais peut également être utilisée dans une munition létale.
PCT/GB2007/000572 2006-04-13 2007-02-19 Amorce à toxicité réduite et munition non létale faisant appel à cette nouvelle amorce WO2007119038A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0607499.1 2006-04-13
GB0607499A GB2437077A (en) 2006-04-13 2006-04-13 Primer cup and composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007119038A1 true WO2007119038A1 (fr) 2007-10-25

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014111429A1 (fr) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-24 Utm Ip Limited Composition explosive à utiliser pour étendre de manière télescopique des munitions d'entraînement non létales
US10976144B1 (en) 2018-03-05 2021-04-13 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc High pressure rifle cartridge with primer

Citations (14)

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US157856A (en) * 1874-12-15 Improvement in explosive compounds
US2194480A (en) * 1938-03-07 1940-03-26 Charles H Pritham Noncorrosive priming composition
US2649047A (en) * 1945-03-13 1953-08-18 Martin S Silverstein Primer
US3118798A (en) * 1961-10-26 1964-01-21 Olin Mathieson Composition and method of forming
US3187671A (en) * 1962-08-01 1965-06-08 Quinlan Joseph Primer for consumable round
US4693201A (en) 1984-09-13 1987-09-15 Rolls-Royce Plc Low drag surface construction
US5492063A (en) 1990-03-22 1996-02-20 Snc Industrial Technologies Inc. Reduced energy cartridge
US6095051A (en) 1998-08-13 2000-08-01 Saxby; Michael Ernest Self loading gun cartridge
WO2001059398A1 (fr) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-16 Lambeth Properties Limited Perfectionnements relatifs a des munitions d'instruction
US6415718B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2002-07-09 Lambeth Properties Limited Training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6422149B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2002-07-23 Lambath Properties Limited Blank training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6427600B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2002-08-06 Michael Ernest Saxby Blank cartridge for self loading guns
WO2004063128A1 (fr) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-29 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Charge propulsive
WO2005054775A1 (fr) * 2003-11-26 2005-06-16 Utm Ip Limited Cartouche d'entrainement a faible energie

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US3437534A (en) * 1963-11-18 1969-04-08 Us Navy Explosive composition containing aluminum,potassium perchlorate,and sulfur or red phosphorus
US3563178A (en) * 1969-02-19 1971-02-16 Catalyst Research Corp Mechanical primer
US3911823A (en) * 1973-07-31 1975-10-14 Pains Wessex Ltd Pyrotechnic devices
GB2273702B (en) * 1991-01-08 1995-02-08 Bryant & May Ltd Match head formulations
US6053108A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-04-25 Senco Products, Inc. Propellant strip assembly and propellant charge structure

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US157856A (en) * 1874-12-15 Improvement in explosive compounds
US2194480A (en) * 1938-03-07 1940-03-26 Charles H Pritham Noncorrosive priming composition
US2649047A (en) * 1945-03-13 1953-08-18 Martin S Silverstein Primer
US3118798A (en) * 1961-10-26 1964-01-21 Olin Mathieson Composition and method of forming
US3187671A (en) * 1962-08-01 1965-06-08 Quinlan Joseph Primer for consumable round
US4693201A (en) 1984-09-13 1987-09-15 Rolls-Royce Plc Low drag surface construction
US5492063A (en) 1990-03-22 1996-02-20 Snc Industrial Technologies Inc. Reduced energy cartridge
US6095051A (en) 1998-08-13 2000-08-01 Saxby; Michael Ernest Self loading gun cartridge
US6427600B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2002-08-06 Michael Ernest Saxby Blank cartridge for self loading guns
US6415718B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2002-07-09 Lambeth Properties Limited Training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6422149B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2002-07-23 Lambath Properties Limited Blank training cartridge for a self loading gun
WO2001059398A1 (fr) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-16 Lambeth Properties Limited Perfectionnements relatifs a des munitions d'instruction
WO2004063128A1 (fr) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-29 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Charge propulsive
WO2005054775A1 (fr) * 2003-11-26 2005-06-16 Utm Ip Limited Cartouche d'entrainement a faible energie

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014111429A1 (fr) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-24 Utm Ip Limited Composition explosive à utiliser pour étendre de manière télescopique des munitions d'entraînement non létales
US11040923B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2021-06-22 UTM Ltd. Explosive composition for use in telescopically expanding non-lethal training ammunition
US10976144B1 (en) 2018-03-05 2021-04-13 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc High pressure rifle cartridge with primer
US11609077B2 (en) 2018-03-05 2023-03-21 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc High pressure rifle cartridge with primer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0607499D0 (en) 2006-05-24
GB2437077A (en) 2007-10-17

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