WO2007117163A1 - Surge arrester comprising an optical fault indicator - Google Patents

Surge arrester comprising an optical fault indicator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007117163A1
WO2007117163A1 PCT/PL2007/000011 PL2007000011W WO2007117163A1 WO 2007117163 A1 WO2007117163 A1 WO 2007117163A1 PL 2007000011 W PL2007000011 W PL 2007000011W WO 2007117163 A1 WO2007117163 A1 WO 2007117163A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
fault indicator
arrester according
wax
indicator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PL2007/000011
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Przemyslaw Burzynski
Jan Czyzewski
Przemyslaw Balcerek
Wojciech Piasecki
Original Assignee
Abb Sp. Z O.O.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Sp. Z O.O. filed Critical Abb Sp. Z O.O.
Priority to PL07715994T priority Critical patent/PL2005446T3/en
Priority to EP07715994A priority patent/EP2005446B1/en
Priority to DE602007001277T priority patent/DE602007001277D1/en
Priority to AT07715994T priority patent/ATE433598T1/en
Publication of WO2007117163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007117163A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/102—Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105—Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108—Metal oxide

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a surge arrester, and especially a low- voltage surge arrester.
  • the surge arrester is applicable in protecting AC and DC low-voltage networks against multiple lightning surges and switching overvoltage.
  • the low-voltage surge arrester LOVOS made by ABB consists of an insulating casing housing an oxide-type varistor whose flat face surfaces touch metal terminals.
  • One of the terminals, called earthing terminal is used for earthing the surge arrester, and the second terminal is used for connecting network leads.
  • the varistor and the tips of the terminals that touch it are enveloped in a polymer material which forms the insulating casing.
  • An indicator of the disconnector actuation can be also located there.
  • Such indicator is made of a spring which is fixed in a tensioned state inside the cavity, and a disk connected with it. When the disconnector is actuated, the disk with the data plate is pushed outside the arrester by the force of the released spring.
  • a device signalling failure in a surge arrester used for protecting medium and high voltage networks against overvoltage is known from European patent description No. EP 0521805.
  • That signalling device consists of two electrodes which are the surge arrester terminals which are connected in series with a varistor and in parallel with a resistor.
  • the varistor, the tips of the electrodes and the resistor are housed in an insulating casing.
  • the clamping ring without the securing element slides off the casing and its visible absence indicates damage to the surge arrester.
  • the described indicators contain elastic construction elements which are used to visually determine the condition of the surge arrester. A suitable location of these elements permits a quick assessment of the device condition.
  • a surge arrester fitted with an indicator for indicating fault current is known from European patent description No. EP 0915544.
  • This indicator is a separated part of the external insulating casing, which heats up during the flow of fault current and can be easily identified by observation from outside.
  • This part defined as an information carrier, contains thermal paint which is applied on the outside surface of at least one part of the insulating casing. The thermal paint changes its colour above a certain threshold temperature. For example, Co(NH 3 ) 6 changes its colour from yellow to blue at a temperature of 200 0 C. A change of the indicator colour allows a quick indication of the damaged surge arrester by a person inspecting it from outside.
  • the essential quality of the inventive surge arrester comprising at least one oxide varistor element placed in an insulating housing, connecting terminals of which one is an earthing terminal and the other is used for connecting network leads, and fitted with a visual fault indicator, consists in that the fault indicator is an element made of a material that changes its state of aggregation above a temperature defined as a safe operating temperature of the surge arrester and the visible effect of such change of the state of aggregation is the indication of damage to the surge arrester.
  • the fault indicator is made of thermoplastic polymer.
  • the fault indicator is made of wax.
  • the fault indicator is made of polypropylene wax.
  • the fault indicator is made of polyethylene wax.
  • the fault indicator is made of a wax mixture of a melting point of 100-160 0 C.
  • the fault indicator is made of micronized wax.
  • the fault indicator is made of coloured wax.
  • the fault indicator is placed in a hole located in the insulating casing.
  • the hole housing the indicator is located around one of the connecting terminals.
  • the fault indicator is located on the surface of the insulating casing.
  • the fault indicator consists of two interconnected layers - the inner one connected with the insulating casing or the plate of the earthing terminal and the outer one.
  • both layers differ in chemical composition.
  • the outer layer contains a dye.
  • the indicator has the shape of a disk.
  • the advantage of the temperature indicator is easy identification of a defective surge arrester. Compared to mechanical designs, the construction of the indicator is very simple. Also the installation of the indicator into any type of surge arrester is simple, especially by means of micronized wax. By appropriately changing the chemical composition of the material it is easy to adapt the indicator to a broad range of temperatures (100-160 0 C), thus applying it to surge arresters of different voltage and current operating ranges.
  • fig. 1 shows a side section of an embodiment of the surge arrester with the fault indicator in the form of a single-layer disk
  • fig. 2 an embodiment of the surge arrester with the fault indicator in the form of a two-layer disk, in a side section
  • fig. 3 an embodiment of the surge arrester with the fault indicator located on the surface of the insulating casing, in a side section.
  • connection terminals 2 and 3 An oxide varistor element 1 together with the ends of connection terminals 2 and 3 is placed tightly in an insulating casing 4.
  • One of the connection terminals is the earthing terminal 2, and the other terminal 3 is used for connecting network leads.
  • the insulating casing 4 is made as a casting of a polymer material and it has the shape of a cylinder inside which there is a cylindrical hole 5 through which passes the axis of the earthing terminal 2 of the surge arrester. In the inside diameter of the hole 5 there is a temperature fault indicator 6.
  • the hole 5 can be made in another place of the insulating casing 4, which is not shown in the drawing, however, it should be located in direct proximity of the varistor element 1 and its outline can take any shape.
  • the fault indicator 6 sticks to the plate of the earthing terminal 2.
  • the indicator has the shape of a disk fitting to a cavity in the casing 4.
  • the fault indicator 6 can be also placed on the surface of the insulating casing 4, in a place in direct proximity to the varistor
  • the fault indicator 6 is an element made of a material that changes its state of aggregation above a temperature defined as a safe operating temperature of the surge arrester. For a low-voltage surge arrester, this temperature is 100 - 160° C, and the fault indicator is made of polypropylene or polyethylene wax or a mixture of both.
  • the wax material of which the indicator is made has the structure of micronized wax.
  • a dye is added to wax to facilitate observation of wax outflow after it has melted as a result of the actuation of the temperature indicator.
  • the indicator 6 consists of two layers of wax material, the inner layer 7 sticking to the plate of the earthing terminal 2 and the outer layer 8 being connected with the layer 7. Both layers differ in their chemical composition.
  • the inner layer 7 contains an admixture of a dye.
  • the operation of the fault indicator is such that it melts completely or partly under the influence of increased temperature of the surge arrester caused by a fault current.
  • the absence of the indicator 6 on the surface of the plate of the earthing terminal 2 indicates a fault in the surge arrester and it is can be easily noticed by an inspecting person. Similarly, a remnant of only a fragment of not melted-out indicator permits a correct inspection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a surge arrester, and especially a low- voltage surge arrester. The surge arrester is applicable in protecting AC and DC low-voltage networks against multiple lightning surges and switching overvoltage. The surge arrester is characterized in that it contains at least one oxide varistor (1) housed in an insulating casing (4), connection terminals (2) and (3) and a visual fault indicator (6) which is made of material that changes its state of aggregation at a temperature exceeding that defined as a safe operating temperature of the surge arrester.

Description

Surge arrester
The subject of the invention is a surge arrester, and especially a low- voltage surge arrester. The surge arrester is applicable in protecting AC and DC low-voltage networks against multiple lightning surges and switching overvoltage.
The low-voltage surge arrester LOVOS made by ABB consists of an insulating casing housing an oxide-type varistor whose flat face surfaces touch metal terminals. One of the terminals, called earthing terminal, is used for earthing the surge arrester, and the second terminal is used for connecting network leads. The varistor and the tips of the terminals that touch it are enveloped in a polymer material which forms the insulating casing. In the part of the casing around the earthing terminal there is a cavity where the surge arrester data plate is placed. An indicator of the disconnector actuation can be also located there. Such indicator is made of a spring which is fixed in a tensioned state inside the cavity, and a disk connected with it. When the disconnector is actuated, the disk with the data plate is pushed outside the arrester by the force of the released spring.
A similar design of a surge arrester is known from USA patent description No. 5237482.
A device signalling failure in a surge arrester used for protecting medium and high voltage networks against overvoltage is known from European patent description No. EP 0521805. That signalling device consists of two electrodes which are the surge arrester terminals which are connected in series with a varistor and in parallel with a resistor. The varistor, the tips of the electrodes and the resistor are housed in an insulating casing. On the outside of the insulating casing there is a clamping ring which is secured by an element which melts when the temperature of the resistor increases and releases the ends of the clamping ring. The clamping ring without the securing element slides off the casing and its visible absence indicates damage to the surge arrester.
The described indicators contain elastic construction elements which are used to visually determine the condition of the surge arrester. A suitable location of these elements permits a quick assessment of the device condition. A surge arrester fitted with an indicator for indicating fault current is known from European patent description No. EP 0915544. This indicator is a separated part of the external insulating casing, which heats up during the flow of fault current and can be easily identified by observation from outside. This part, defined as an information carrier, contains thermal paint which is applied on the outside surface of at least one part of the insulating casing. The thermal paint changes its colour above a certain threshold temperature. For example, Co(NH3)6 changes its colour from yellow to blue at a temperature of 2000C. A change of the indicator colour allows a quick indication of the damaged surge arrester by a person inspecting it from outside.
In the course of operation it happens that a surge arrester gets partly damaged, which results in a gradual increase in the leakage current. Such condition causes that the arrester warms up and the condition of the varistor degrades gradually. Use of a thermal indicator which can be activated at a temperature of only 1000C allows both the indication of a completely damaged surge arrester and the demonstration of an initial (growing) fault condition where this process develops slowly.
The essential quality of the inventive surge arrester comprising at least one oxide varistor element placed in an insulating housing, connecting terminals of which one is an earthing terminal and the other is used for connecting network leads, and fitted with a visual fault indicator, consists in that the fault indicator is an element made of a material that changes its state of aggregation above a temperature defined as a safe operating temperature of the surge arrester and the visible effect of such change of the state of aggregation is the indication of damage to the surge arrester.
Preferably the fault indicator is made of thermoplastic polymer. Preferably the fault indicator is made of wax.
Preferably the fault indicator is made of polypropylene wax.
Preferably the fault indicator is made of polyethylene wax.
Preferably the fault indicator is made of a wax mixture of a melting point of 100-1600C. Preferably the fault indicator is made of micronized wax.
Preferably the fault indicator is made of coloured wax.
Preferably the fault indicator is placed in a hole located in the insulating casing. Preferably the hole housing the indicator is located around one of the connecting terminals.
Preferably the fault indicator is located on the surface of the insulating casing.
Preferably the fault indicator consists of two interconnected layers - the inner one connected with the insulating casing or the plate of the earthing terminal and the outer one.
Preferably both layers differ in chemical composition.
Preferably the outer layer contains a dye.
Preferably the indicator has the shape of a disk.
The advantage of the temperature indicator is easy identification of a defective surge arrester. Compared to mechanical designs, the construction of the indicator is very simple. Also the installation of the indicator into any type of surge arrester is simple, especially by means of micronized wax. By appropriately changing the chemical composition of the material it is easy to adapt the indicator to a broad range of temperatures (100-1600C), thus applying it to surge arresters of different voltage and current operating ranges.
The subject of the invention is shown as an embodiment in the drawing where fig. 1 shows a side section of an embodiment of the surge arrester with the fault indicator in the form of a single-layer disk, fig. 2 - an embodiment of the surge arrester with the fault indicator in the form of a two-layer disk, in a side section, and fig. 3 - an embodiment of the surge arrester with the fault indicator located on the surface of the insulating casing, in a side section.
An oxide varistor element 1 together with the ends of connection terminals 2 and 3 is placed tightly in an insulating casing 4. One of the connection terminals is the earthing terminal 2, and the other terminal 3 is used for connecting network leads. The insulating casing 4 is made as a casting of a polymer material and it has the shape of a cylinder inside which there is a cylindrical hole 5 through which passes the axis of the earthing terminal 2 of the surge arrester. In the inside diameter of the hole 5 there is a temperature fault indicator 6. The hole 5 can be made in another place of the insulating casing 4, which is not shown in the drawing, however, it should be located in direct proximity of the varistor element 1 and its outline can take any shape. The fault indicator 6 sticks to the plate of the earthing terminal 2. The indicator has the shape of a disk fitting to a cavity in the casing 4. In another embodiment of the invention the fault indicator 6 can be also placed on the surface of the insulating casing 4, in a place in direct proximity to the varistor element 1.
The fault indicator 6 is an element made of a material that changes its state of aggregation above a temperature defined as a safe operating temperature of the surge arrester. For a low-voltage surge arrester, this temperature is 100 - 160° C, and the fault indicator is made of polypropylene or polyethylene wax or a mixture of both. Preferably the wax material of which the indicator is made has the structure of micronized wax. In other embodiments of the invention a dye is added to wax to facilitate observation of wax outflow after it has melted as a result of the actuation of the temperature indicator.
In still another embodiment of the invention the indicator 6 consists of two layers of wax material, the inner layer 7 sticking to the plate of the earthing terminal 2 and the outer layer 8 being connected with the layer 7. Both layers differ in their chemical composition. The inner layer 7 contains an admixture of a dye.
The operation of the fault indicator is such that it melts completely or partly under the influence of increased temperature of the surge arrester caused by a fault current. The absence of the indicator 6 on the surface of the plate of the earthing terminal 2 indicates a fault in the surge arrester and it is can be easily noticed by an inspecting person. Similarly, a remnant of only a fragment of not melted-out indicator permits a correct inspection.

Claims

Claims
1. A surge arrester containing at least one oxide varistor placed in an insulating casing and connection terminals of which one is an earthing terminal and the other is used for connecting network leads and fitted with a visual fault indicator, characterized in that the fault indicator is an element made of a material that changes its state of aggregation when its temperature exceeds the temperature defined as a safe operating temperature of the surge arrester, and the visible effect of such change of the state of aggregation is the indication of damage to the surge arrester.
2. A surge arrester according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fault indicator is made of thermoplastic polymer.
3. A surge arrester according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fault indicator is made of wax.
4. A surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that the fault indicator is made of polypropylene wax.
5. A surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that the fault indicator is made of polyethylene wax.
6. A surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that the fault indicator is made of a wax mixture whose melting point is between 100 0C and 160 0C.
7. A surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that the fault indicator is made of micronized wax.
8. A surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that the fault indicator is made of coloured wax.
9. A surge arrester according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fault indicator
(6) is placed in a hole (5) located in the insulating casing (4).
10. A surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole (5) is located around one of the connecting terminals (2).
11.A surge arrester according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fault indicator (6) is located on the surface of the insulating housing (4).
12.A surge arrester according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fault indicator consists of two interconnected layers - the inner layer (7) connected with the insulating casing (4) or the plate of the earthing terminal (2) and the outer layer (8).
13.A surge arrester according to claim 12, characterized in that both layers differ in their chemical composition.
14.A surge arrester according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner layer (7) contains a dye.
15.A surge arrester according to claim 9, characterized in that the fault indicator has the shape of a disc fitting the hole (5) in the insulating casing (4).
PCT/PL2007/000011 2006-04-12 2007-03-09 Surge arrester comprising an optical fault indicator WO2007117163A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07715994T PL2005446T3 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-03-09 Surge arrester comprising an optical fault indicator
EP07715994A EP2005446B1 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-03-09 Surge arrester comprising an optical fault indicator
DE602007001277T DE602007001277D1 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-03-09 dictator
AT07715994T ATE433598T1 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-03-09 SURGE ARRESTER WITH AN OPTICAL FAULT INDICATOR

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL379449A PL206744B1 (en) 2006-04-12 2006-04-12 Overvoltage limiter
PLP379449 2006-04-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007117163A1 true WO2007117163A1 (en) 2007-10-18

Family

ID=38046847

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/PL2007/000011 WO2007117163A1 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-03-09 Surge arrester comprising an optical fault indicator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2005446B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE433598T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602007001277D1 (en)
PL (2) PL206744B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007117163A1 (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8743525B2 (en) 2012-06-19 2014-06-03 Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material
CN105606254A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-05-25 天津鑫源达泰建筑工程有限公司 Checking device for surge protection device
US9906017B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2018-02-27 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Modular overvoltage protection units
US10319545B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2019-06-11 Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same
US10340110B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-07-02 Raycap IP Development Ltd Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same
US10447026B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2019-10-15 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Devices for active overvoltage protection
US10685767B2 (en) 2017-09-14 2020-06-16 Raycap IP Development Ltd Surge protective device modules and systems including same
US10707678B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2020-07-07 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers
US11223200B2 (en) 2018-07-26 2022-01-11 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same
US11723145B2 (en) 2021-09-20 2023-08-08 Raycap IP Development Ltd PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same
US11862967B2 (en) 2021-09-13 2024-01-02 Raycap, S.A. Surge protective device assembly modules
US11990745B2 (en) 2022-01-12 2024-05-21 Raycap IP Development Ltd Methods and systems for remote monitoring of surge protective devices

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2256047A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-25 Makemass Ltd Temperature sensor
EP0915544A1 (en) * 1997-11-08 1999-05-12 Asea Brown Boveri AG Electric apparatus, particularly a surge arrester, with a fault current indicating device
US20010055187A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-12-27 Mcloughlin Neil A. Thermally protected metal oxide varistor
EP1281946A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Temperature warning device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2256047A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-25 Makemass Ltd Temperature sensor
EP0915544A1 (en) * 1997-11-08 1999-05-12 Asea Brown Boveri AG Electric apparatus, particularly a surge arrester, with a fault current indicating device
US20010055187A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-12-27 Mcloughlin Neil A. Thermally protected metal oxide varistor
EP1281946A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Temperature warning device

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8743525B2 (en) 2012-06-19 2014-06-03 Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material
US9906017B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2018-02-27 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Modular overvoltage protection units
US10340688B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2019-07-02 Ripd Ip Assets Ltd Modular overvoltage protection units
CN105606254A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-05-25 天津鑫源达泰建筑工程有限公司 Checking device for surge protection device
US10319545B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2019-06-11 Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same
US10734176B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2020-08-04 Raycap, Surge Protective Devices, Ltd. Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same
US10447026B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2019-10-15 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Devices for active overvoltage protection
US11374396B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2022-06-28 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Devices for active overvoltage protection
US10707678B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2020-07-07 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers
US11165246B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2021-11-02 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers
US11881704B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2024-01-23 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Devices for active overvoltage protection including varistors and thyristors
US10679814B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2020-06-09 Raycap IP Development Ltd Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same
US10340110B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-07-02 Raycap IP Development Ltd Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same
US10685767B2 (en) 2017-09-14 2020-06-16 Raycap IP Development Ltd Surge protective device modules and systems including same
US11223200B2 (en) 2018-07-26 2022-01-11 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same
US11862967B2 (en) 2021-09-13 2024-01-02 Raycap, S.A. Surge protective device assembly modules
US11723145B2 (en) 2021-09-20 2023-08-08 Raycap IP Development Ltd PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same
US11990745B2 (en) 2022-01-12 2024-05-21 Raycap IP Development Ltd Methods and systems for remote monitoring of surge protective devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL206744B1 (en) 2010-09-30
PL379449A1 (en) 2007-10-15
EP2005446B1 (en) 2009-06-10
DE602007001277D1 (en) 2009-07-23
EP2005446A1 (en) 2008-12-24
PL2005446T3 (en) 2009-09-30
ATE433598T1 (en) 2009-06-15

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