WO2007112978A1 - Procede de conversion d'energie dans une installation thermique de maintien de la temperature d'un batiment, et dispositif - Google Patents

Procede de conversion d'energie dans une installation thermique de maintien de la temperature d'un batiment, et dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007112978A1
WO2007112978A1 PCT/EP2007/002889 EP2007002889W WO2007112978A1 WO 2007112978 A1 WO2007112978 A1 WO 2007112978A1 EP 2007002889 W EP2007002889 W EP 2007002889W WO 2007112978 A1 WO2007112978 A1 WO 2007112978A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
heat exchanger
heat
solar
heated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/002889
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007112978B1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Buchholz
Felix Ziegler
Original Assignee
Martin Buchholz
Felix Ziegler
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006050270A external-priority patent/DE102006050270A1/de
Application filed by Martin Buchholz, Felix Ziegler filed Critical Martin Buchholz
Publication of WO2007112978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007112978A1/fr
Publication of WO2007112978B1 publication Critical patent/WO2007112978B1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/60—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids trickling freely over absorbing elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for energy conversion in a thermal system for tempering a building, in particular Temper michsstrom for a greenhouse, and a device for tempering a building.
  • thermochemical storage As an alternative to the mere storage of sensible heat in water reservoirs, different variants of latent heat storage and thermochemical storage have been proposed. Significant disadvantages here are relatively high costs of the storage media, which are required for a seasonal storage in very large quantities. Thermo-chemical stores, for example absorption systems, allow a considerable reduction in the storage volumes since the proportion of latently stored energy is very high.
  • BEST ⁇ T1GUNGSKOPIE have to. Open absorption processes are widespread in the drying of indoor air, for example in museums.
  • the document EP 0 965 264 A1 discloses a system and a method for transferring and using heat and / or water vapor from greenhouses and solid state fermentation plants.
  • air is led out of the greenhouse into a solar chimney, where the air is heated. Subsequently, the heated air passes through a humidifier to be subsequently introduced into a shaft in which the heated and humidified air passes over a heat exchanger. In this case, the air introduced into the shaft is cooled and condensed.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to a thermal storage, to which the thermal heat energy absorbed in the heat exchanger is supplied.
  • a closed absorption heat pump for solar heating and cooling and chemical storage is also integrated.
  • Complementary solar collectors are used to expel a solvent from a solution mixture in an expeller so that a concentrated mixed solution is formed, which is then recycled to a further storage compartment separated from the storage. In this way, a concentrated mixed solution is provided in the further memory.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for energy conversion in a thermal system for tempering a building and an improved device for tempering a building, in which an efficient energy storage and energy use is achieved with simplified means.
  • This object is achieved by a method for energy conversion in a thermal system for tempering a building according to independent claim 1 and a device for tempering a building according to independent claim 15.
  • a method for energy conversion in a thermal plant for tempering a building in particular tempering for a greenhouse, in which in a solar air collector via an evaporation surface steam is expelled from a mixed solution with a solvent and an additive dissolved therein and energy usable for tempering is stored in a storage device having a supply of the solution mixture and optionally an additional, thermally activatable storage medium, wherein the storage device is loaded with thermal energy in a charging process by: the air in the solar air collector is heated by solar energy and a liquid heat carrier, which is optionally formed by the mixed solution or the additional storage medium in the storage device, is heated by means of the heated air, and with thermo-chemis is absorbed by: the air in the solar air collector is moistened with proportions of introduced into the solar air collector mixed solution and a reduced at least by the absorbed air in the solar air collector shares shares concentrate of the solution mixture is collected and fed to the storage device, whereby in the storage device, a concentrated mixed solution is formed.
  • a device for controlling the temperature of a building in particular a tempering system for a greenhouse, having the following features:
  • a storage device having a supply of a mixed solution containing a solvent and an additive dissolved therein
  • a solar air collector configured to heat air introduced into the solar air collector by solar energy
  • a moistening device configured to humidify in the solar air collector a quantity of the solution mixture humidifying the air introduced into the solar air collector, and which is optionally disposed in the solar air collector
  • a heat exchanger optionally directly in or in the air collector arranged and connected to the solar air collector duct device is configured to receive thermal energy from the heated and humidified air and to deliver to a liquid heat carrier, which is optionally formed from the mixed solution in the storage device, and a catcher configured to after humidifying the air in the solar Air collector remaining concentrate of the solution mixture to collect and deliver it to the storage device.
  • Air is heated and humidified in the solar air collector with the aid of solar energy and at the same time the mixed solution is heated and concentrated by expelling the solvent, which is preferably a water-based liquid or pure water, from the introduced mixed solution and then discharging it via the volume of the air collector.
  • the solvent which is preferably a water-based liquid or pure water.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the solution mixture is introduced into the solar air collector by means of a trickle humidifier.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the air from the solar air collector is guided to a channel device with a heat exchanger arranged therein and is returned to the discharge of heat and humidity back into the air collector. Also, this part of the plant allows the reduction of the complexity of previous absorption systems by the heat exchanger is used during the loading phase for condensation of humidity and thermal utilization of the solar energy yield from the air collector, while in the discharge phase, the thermal output from the air collector by sprinkling the heat exchanger surface with the concentrated solution mixture and absorption of the incoming from the humidified air collector humidity is dissipated in the concentrated solution mixture.
  • a conventional solar absorption heat pump system consisting of a solar collector, a cooker, a condenser, a vaporizer and an absorber is thus replaced in total by a humidable solar air collector and a humidified heat exchanger.
  • a direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger is used as a heat exchanger in the channel device during the loading process, in which the heat energy released by the heated air is discharged by direct contact between the heated air and the heat exchange medium.
  • the heat exchange medium which is preferably water, can be introduced in this embodiment by means of a trickle humidifier from above into the optionally designed as a shaft or chimney duct means, so that there is a flow from top to bottom.
  • the incoming air from the solar air collector which is heated and humidified, then comes in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, so that the condensation heat is transferred directly to the heat exchange medium.
  • a condensed in the heat exchange medium, previously expelled water content from the solvent can then be collected and removed.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the heated air and the heat exchange medium are brought into direct contact in the shaft by the heat exchanger medium is sprinkled into the channel device.
  • a further development of the invention provides that a cascaded direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger is used as the direct air tower (2004) (2004)ererme- dium heat exchanger in the channel device during the loading process, in which the
  • Heat exchange medium partially in the direction and partially against the direction of a
  • Air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger can be designed with at least two superimposed portions, wherein the heat exchange medium first flows from top to bottom due to gravity in the lower portion, then lifted by a pump from bottom to top and then trickled over an overlying portion , This lifting of the heat exchange medium can be carried out cascade-wise or partially. By lifting the heat exchange medium, this flows in the opposite direction to the downwardly flowing, heated and humidified air.
  • an indirect heat exchanger in which the heat energy released from the heated air is discharged to a not in contact with the heated air in contact heat exchanger medium.
  • the heat exchange medium flows in a separate circuit from the heated air, so that no contact between the heated air and the heat exchange medium takes place.
  • the heat energy is transferred from the heated air usually via partitions, which are preferably formed as metal surfaces, to the heat exchange medium.
  • a development of the invention can provide that the mixed solution is kept in the storage device in layered layer areas in which subsets of the solution mixture are arranged with different concentrations of the dissolved additive and for which an associated extraction line is provided.
  • the stratification in the storage device may be adjusted due to the different concentrations of the dissolved additive.
  • the higher concentration mixed solution is more likely to be in the lower part of the storage device, whereas less concentrated mixed solution accumulates in the upper part of the storage device.
  • the layering makes it possible to selectively access sub-quantities of the mixed solution with different concentrations in the loading or unloading process via the layered layer regions. For example, in the thermo-chemical discharge process, it is preferable to access the higher-concentration subsets of the mixed solution. Similarly, less concentrated subsets of the mixed solution can then be reintroduced into a particular layer area of the storage device.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the air is transported by means of a natural ⁇ formed due to different temperature zones air flow, which is supported by an optional generated by means of a fan device, artificial air flow or replaced by this.
  • a natural air flow is adjusted by means of a rising in the solar air collector due to heating of the air upward movement in combination with a done in the channel means cooling the air and the resulting output motion. In this way, the air exchange takes place in the elements of the thermal system, without the need for mechanical effort.
  • a fan device for generating an artificial or mechanical air flow may be provided in addition or alternatively.
  • the thermal energy in a thermal discharge process, the thermal energy is released from the liquid heat carrier at least partially, optionally using the heat exchanger in the Passage means.
  • the transferred in the storage device in the loading process on the liquid heat carrier thermal energy is at least partially released to use the thermal energy for a heating or cooling process.
  • This can be done either using the heat exchanger in the channel device or alternatively or additionally using other heat exchangers.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the solution mixture is used as a liquid heat carrier. In this way, only a memory must be provided for energy storage in total, since the mass of the thermo-chemical memory is additionally activated thermally.
  • a heat exchanger arranged in the store is used to cool the liquid heat carrier during the loading phase and to heat the mixed solution without unnecessarily diluting the mixed solution.
  • thermo-chemical energy in a thermo-chemical discharge process, the thermo-chemical energy is at least partially released from the concentrated mixed solution in the storage device by the concentrated solution mixture is distributed by means of a distribution device and absorbs using the released enthalpy of vaporized air humidity, whereby a heated solution mixture diluted with respect to the concentrated mixed solution is formed, which provides thermally usable energy.
  • the moisture may preferably be provided by means of humidified air, which in turn is generated in the solar air collector, wherein the moisture is not provided there from the mixed solution. Rather, the solvent, so for example water, provided. Also, moist air generated elsewhere can be used.
  • the stored in the loading process by means of concentration of the mixed solution thermochemical energy is at least partially released again.
  • the heated and diluted solution mixture produced in this case can be returned to the storage device or, alternatively or additionally, can also be used in another manner for heating or cooling by tapping the thermally usable energy.
  • thermo-chemical discharge using a thermally activated concentrate storage another heat exchanger is used in the memory to distribute the released in the absorption of moisture in the solution concentrate heat to a larger storage mass.
  • thermo-chemical discharge process is carried out at least partially in the channel device using the heat exchanger arranged therein.
  • This embodiment has over the State of the art, in particular, the advantage that the discharge of the thermo-chemical energy is not necessarily about other system components in the form of absorber and evaporator units. Rather, in order to generate water vapor, in turn, the trickle body arranged in the solar air collector and, for the subsequent absorption of the steam, in turn, the heat exchanger surfaces arranged in the channel device can be used.
  • thermo-chemical discharge process is carried out at least partially in an external absorption heat pump or an external system for dehumidification, which is supplied to the concentrated solution mixture.
  • the external absorption heat pump is, for example, a conventional, evacuated unit with evaporator and absorber.
  • the concentrated mixed solution may be supplied, for example, via a piping system to the external absorption heat pump.
  • a diluted solution mixture produced in the outer absorption heat pump for regeneration or thickening can then be returned to the storage device or directly into the solar air collector.
  • the concentrated solution mixture is distributed by means of a trickle.
  • a preferred development of the invention provides that the heated solution mixture diluted with respect to the concentrated solution mixture is at least partially supplied to the storage device.
  • the heat exchanger is designed according to a type selected from the following group of types: direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger in which the heat energy released by the heated air by means of direct contact between the heated air and Heat exchanger medium is transferred and indirect heat exchanger.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a ventilation system is used, which is configured, a natural air flow for transporting the To generate air due to the simultaneous heating and cooling of different zones in the system.
  • a development of the invention provides that the storage device is connected to an external absorption heat pump.
  • the moistening has a trickle.
  • the moistening is arranged above a plant area in a greenhouse.
  • the moistening device can be made height-adjustable above the plant area in the greenhouse.
  • a cable is used to lower the humidifier, which is, for example, a trickle humidifier, to the height level of the plants or to remove them again.
  • the described method and the illustrated device can preferably be used for air conditioning or tempering a greenhouse by the greenhouse is used directly as an air collector.
  • the greenhouse is then connected via an arranged on the ground level and closable opening with an outlet of the channel device and connected via a arranged in a roof level and closable executed opening with an output of the solar air collector.
  • the moistening device comprises a partially translucent, displaceable or rollable shading device in the roof area of the greenhouse. Plants can generate in the greenhouse by their evaporation activity additional amounts of water vapor, which can be used in the thermo-chemical discharge process of the distributed concentrated solution mixture by utilizing the released enthalpy of vaporization to generate additional thermal energy.
  • the greenhouse is opened during the thermo-chemical loading cycle.
  • the air moisture expelled from the mixed solution via trickle humidifiers in the roof level is released to the outside of the environment without the use of thermal energy and recoverable water.
  • the greenhouse can be closed and the trickle humidifier is used directly as a heat exchanger used in which it is sprinkled with the solution concentrate at intake of humidity and heating the greenhouse air or heating the then diluted solution and retention of the dilute solution in the storage device for subsequent heating purposes.
  • thermo-chemical discharge process can be performed not only temporally but also spatially separated from each other. It may be provided to use the thermal system only for the loading process, in particular for the expulsion of the solvent from the mixed solution and for storing the thermo-chemical energy in the storage device.
  • an external evaporator using external, other solar air collectors or other heat sources are used, for example, a composting system, a geothermal probe or the like to evaporate the solvent.
  • the concentrated mixed solution is treated as a storage medium and can be transported by vehicle or piping to more distant locations. Similarly, the dilute solution mixture remaining after the thermo-chemical discharge process can then be transported back to the plant.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, to explain a loading process
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of the thermal installation for a building according to FIG. 1 for explaining a discharge process
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the thermal installation for a building according to FIG. 1 for explaining a discharge process in which the building is heated
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, in one embodiment with an external
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the thermal installation for a building according to FIG. 1 in which atmospheric moisture is absorbed from ambient air or a greenhouse or from both for obtaining water.
  • Fig. 6. is a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, in one embodiment with a closed
  • Outer surface. 7 shows a schematic representation of a thermal installation for a building, in particular a greenhouse, in an embodiment with open ventilation during the loading phase and use of the trickle moisturizer as a heat exchanger during the discharge phase.
  • FIGS. 1 to 8 The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8 with reference to embodiments.
  • the same reference numerals are used in FIGS.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, for explaining a loading process.
  • a solar air collector 3 is used to heat a mixed solution L by solar irradiation by spreading the mixed solution L on a trickle humidifier 4 as a liquid film over an irradiation surface.
  • a trickle humidifier 4 as a liquid film over an irradiation surface.
  • the mixed solution L is heated, water evaporates from the mixed solution
  • the concentration of the mixed solution LK which can be achieved as a function of an air saturation and an achievable temperature is reached within a certain residence time of the solution mixture L in the solar air collector achieved by means of a single or multiple overflow of the inclined or vertical sprinkler 4.
  • the concentrated solution mixture LK is then stored in a storage device comprising a concentrate storage 5.
  • the moisture film in the solar air collector 3 is heated by the solar radiation.
  • air over the moisture film is heated and moistened.
  • the heated and humidified air is now guided over a surface of a heat exchanger 2 arranged in an air duct 1 outside the solar air collector 3. This energy is transported by sensitive and latent heat content of the heated and humidified air.
  • the latent heat of the air moisture is converted back into sensible heat by falling below the dew point and can thus also be utilized by the heated liquid is fed to the concentrate storage 5.
  • An arranged in the concentrate storage 5 further heat exchanger 6 allows the use of water as a coolant in the air duct 1 and the transfer of heat / cold to the solution mixture L.
  • the humidity in the air duct 1 condenses here and can be removed as water gain W via an overflow device 12 ,
  • the case cooled and dehumidified air is returned via a connection shaft back into the solar air collector 3, where again heat and moisture can be absorbed.
  • a cooling medium In order to fall below the dew point temperature of the air and to constantly dehumidify the air in the closed system, a cooling medium must be provided. This is provided from a heat / cold storage 8, which is formed together with the concentrate storage 5 in the storage device.
  • part of the storage volume can be selectively cooled via the heat exchanger 2 in the night hours and re-stored as cold storage in the heat / cold storage 8.
  • part of the storage mass serves, for example, as a buffer heat storage for a first heating period in the beginning of winter or for heating in a greenhouse 9 overnight.
  • a second partial volume serves as a cold storage, namely for the storage of cold from a seasonal discharge phase or regular nocturnal cooling, to force the condensation process.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building according to Fig. 1 for explaining a discharge process.
  • a discharge of the storage device which implements the concentrate storage 5 and the heat / cold storage 8 in the illustrated embodiment, can be subdivided into a thermal and a thermo-chemical discharge process, which preferably proceeds at a time offset.
  • the heated solution mixture L can be passed through the heat exchanger 2 upon discharge of the thermal storage potential by transferring thermal energy by means of direct contact between the heat exchange medium and the heated air to heat the adjacent greenhouse 9 via the air flow.
  • the heat exchanger 2 then serves as a radiator.
  • the heated liquid is not evaporated on an open surface, since a hygroscopic acting proportion of the dissolved ingredients S prevents this, as long as a certain concentration of the solvent mixture L is not exceeded.
  • the concentration can be reduced by diluting but specifically so far that the room air is not only heated according to a set heating temperature, but is also moistened to a determinable water content.
  • a continuous minimum residual concentration of the solution mixture L in the storage device must be taken into account taking into account the ingredient S used in the design of the entire system.
  • further heat exchanger 6 in this case allows a method in which the concentration of the solution mixture LK is removed from the storage device and by repeatedly flowing the heat exchanger 2 in the air duct 1 and the further heat exchanger 6 in the storage device as long as water from the air until a dilute mixed solution LV is formed with a desired dilution, the resulting heat is transferred to the storage volume and then can be returned to the concentrate storage 5.
  • the use of the heat exchanger 2 in the direct contact type in the air duct 1 is useful in coupling with an open absorption system, because in a space heating the direct contact heat exchanger can only be used if a heating fluid by controlling the concentration of the ingredient S does not evaporate.
  • pure water is out of the question for direct contact with the indoor air used, because on open water surfaces bacterial growth occurs with unacceptable hygienic risks.
  • thermo-chemical discharge process is provided, especially during sunny and warmer winters.
  • the solution mixture L in the storage device can be reheated several times by providing the concentrated mixed solution LK.
  • a seasonal heat accumulator can be dimensioned smaller overall.
  • water W for example, line, rain or sea water for humidification in the solar air collector 3 is introduced.
  • the surfaces of the heat exchanger 2 can be used here as a trickle body, in which the concentrated mixed solution LK is passed over the heat exchanger surface in order to absorb the humidity generated in the solar air collector 3.
  • the concentrated mixed solution LK is heated due to the latent heat released during the absorption of atmospheric moisture and can be used directly for heating or for thermally activating the mixed solution in the storage device by subsequently flowing through the further heat exchanger 6. So following the heat pump principle Heat from a low-temperature source during the absorption phase upgraded, while in the previous Austreibungsphase low-temperature heat is stored over the storage device and preferably delivered at night to the environment.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building according to Fig. 1 for explaining a discharge process in which the building is heated.
  • the stored heat can also be supplied to an adjacent building 11.
  • An air circuit through the solar collector 3 is closed by at least two closable flaps 14a, 14b.
  • a new circuit is formed between the air duct 1 and the building 11 via a hinged connecting element 15a.
  • a further connecting element 15b provided with flaps is provided.
  • the heat exchanger 2 serves as a radiator of the building 11. Alternately, by opening the flaps 14a, 14b and closing the connecting elements 15a, 15b air is passed from a collector circuit and in the reverse manner from a building cycle to the heat exchanger 2.
  • the greenhouse 9 can be used here as solar irradiated collector surface, which allows a high evaporation rate due to the large evaporation surface of the plants, even at relatively low temperatures, and without being heated themselves. On sunny winter days, air in the building 11 can also be heated directly via the solar air collector 3, without discharging the heat / cold storage 8.
  • an air circuit between a collector volume and a building volume is formed by decoupling a heat exchanger shaft via a flap 16 in the air duct 1, wherein the flaps 14a, 14b and the connecting elements 15a, 15b are opened.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a thermal installation for a building, in particular a greenhouse, in another embodiment with an external evaporator and an external absorber.
  • Memory discharge can run not only temporally but also spatially separated from each other.
  • the thermal system is used only for the thermo-chemical loading.
  • a external evaporator 10a further solar humid air collectors or other heat sources, such as a composting system, a geothermal probe or the like, developed for water evaporation, which can be raised via the absorption in the provided concentrated mixed solution LK in an external absorber 10b in usable heat at a higher temperature level.
  • the concentrated mixed solution LK can be traded as a storage medium and transported via vehicles or pipe systems to more distant locations and transported back as a dilute solution mixture.
  • the material and energy transport in vacuum can also be used for solar cooling by the heat for the evaporation process in the external evaporator 10 a of the air to be cooled space or a liquid medium to be cooled is removed and the waste heat from the exiting from the external absorber 10 b , diluted solution mixture LV or via an additional cooling circuit with a heat exchanger in the external absorber 10b is discharged to the outside air of the environment.
  • seawater MW in the external evaporator 10a may be used instead of fresh water B during the thermo-chemical discharge process (see explanation of Fig. 2). In this case, regularly concentrated seawater MWK must be removed from a cycle, disposed of and reused.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building according to Fig. 1, is absorbed in the humidity from ambient air or a greenhouse or both for water production.
  • the concentrated solution mixture LK is distributed over the trickle body of the heat exchanger 2 in the air duct 1.
  • Outside air of the environment is guided via a flap 13 a in the open state via the greenhouse 9 or directly to the underside of the air duct 1.
  • the water vapor of the outside air is absorbed by the concentrated mixed solution LK.
  • the heated and dehumidified air is discharged due to buoyancy or assisted by mechanical ventilation via a fan 7 via a further opening with a controllable flap 13b at the top of the air duct 1 back to the environment.
  • the absorbed moisture of the outside air can then be evaporated again, then condensed out and made usable as service water via the overflow device 12.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building of Fig. 1, in which the trickle humidifier 4 is arranged in a closed air collector and is flowed over with the dilute mixed solution LV on evaporation of the expelled water vapor in the closed air volume and condensation at the exterior wall.
  • the concentrated solution LK is collected and trickled over the arranged in the air duct 1 heat exchanger 2.
  • Humidified air from the building volume is supplied to the air duct upon absorption of the moisture into the concentrated solution and discharge of the thereby released thermal energy into the dilute solution mixture.
  • the case over the outside temperature heated and dried air can be discharged by arranging the shaft along the outside of the building directly over the shaft wall to the ambient air.
  • the thus dried and cooled air is returned to the building volume and can be cooled by re humidification in particular on the evaporation activity of plants.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building according to Fig. 1, in which the greenhouse 9 is used directly as a solar air collector 3 and the expelled from the trickle humidifier 4 water content is released by opening flaps to the outside air.
  • the concentrated solution LK is passed over the trickle humidifier 4, which takes over the function of the heat exchanger 2 in this case by receiving by Greenhouse plants produced water vapor.
  • the thermal energy thus released can be removed via the dilute solution LV and fed to the storage device 8.
  • the released energy can be used to directly heat the greenhouse air.
  • the trickle humidifier can also be used to heat the greenhouse, in the heated and dilute solution trickles out of the memory 8 and the greenhouse is heated in this way.
  • the trickle humidifier is lowered via cables to or below the level of the vegetation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de conversion d'énergie dans une installation thermique destinée à maintenir la température d'un bâtiment, dans lequel de la vapeur d'eau est extraite d'un mélange de solution qui contient un solvant dans lequel un additif est dissous, et ce dans un collecteur solaire aéraulique et par l'intermédiaire d'une surface d'évaporation. L'énergie utilisable pour le maintien de la température est conservée dans un dispositif de réserve qui présente un réservoir de mélange de solution qui contient un solvant dans lequel est dissous un additif. Le dispositif de réserve est chargé en énergie thermique par une opération de charge au cours de laquelle un caloporteur liquide formé sélectivement par le mélange de solution présent dans le dispositif de réserve est chauffé au moyen de l'énergie thermique dégagée par l'air chauffé sur l'échangeur de chaleur du dispositif à canal et est chargé en énergie thermochimique par le fait que l'air présent dans le collecteur d'air est humidifié par des parties du mélange de solution amené dans le collecteur d'air, un concentré du mélange de solution diminué d'au moins sa quantité reprise par l'air dans le collecteur solaire aéraulique étant amené au dispositif de réserve, ce qui forme un mélange concentré de solution.
PCT/EP2007/002889 2006-03-31 2007-03-30 Procede de conversion d'energie dans une installation thermique de maintien de la temperature d'un batiment, et dispositif WO2007112978A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006015471.1 2006-03-31
DE102006050270A DE102006050270A1 (de) 2006-03-31 2006-10-23 Verfahren zur Energieumwandlung in einer thermischen Anlage zum Temperieren eines Gebäudes und Vorrichtung
DE102006050270.1 2006-10-23

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2306102A1 (fr) * 2009-09-29 2011-04-06 Hemera Energìas Renovables España, S.L.U. Dispositif et procédé de refroidissement et de chauffage de fluide
WO2011159244A1 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-22 Aabyhammar Tomas Procéde de traitement d'un gaz contenant du solvant
NL2007540C2 (nl) * 2011-10-05 2013-04-08 Lans Westland B V Systeem en werkwijze voor het ontvochtigen van een teeltruimte.
DE102012017665A1 (de) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-13 Rwe Power Ag Verfahren zur Temperierung eines Gewächshauses
CN104596008A (zh) * 2015-01-23 2015-05-06 黄国和 一种全天候太阳能热泵空调系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0095264A2 (fr) 1982-05-21 1983-11-30 Flexibox Limited Accouplements flexibles
US5228303A (en) * 1982-07-30 1993-07-20 Geophysical Engineering Company Method of and means for controlling the condition of air in an enclosure
US5249430A (en) * 1982-07-30 1993-10-05 Geophysical Engineering Company Method of and means for controlling the condition of air in an enclosure
EP0965264A1 (fr) * 1998-06-18 1999-12-22 Martin Buchholz Appareil et méthode pour le transfert et l'usage de la chaleur et/ou les eaux usées provenant des serres et des installations de fermentation à l'état solide
EP1598314A1 (fr) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-23 Martin Buchholz Dispositif et procédé pour l'humidification de l'air, conditionnement d'un local et transfert d'énergie particulièrement pour l'usage avec de l'eau polluée ou salée

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0095264A2 (fr) 1982-05-21 1983-11-30 Flexibox Limited Accouplements flexibles
US5228303A (en) * 1982-07-30 1993-07-20 Geophysical Engineering Company Method of and means for controlling the condition of air in an enclosure
US5249430A (en) * 1982-07-30 1993-10-05 Geophysical Engineering Company Method of and means for controlling the condition of air in an enclosure
EP0965264A1 (fr) * 1998-06-18 1999-12-22 Martin Buchholz Appareil et méthode pour le transfert et l'usage de la chaleur et/ou les eaux usées provenant des serres et des installations de fermentation à l'état solide
EP1598314A1 (fr) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-23 Martin Buchholz Dispositif et procédé pour l'humidification de l'air, conditionnement d'un local et transfert d'énergie particulièrement pour l'usage avec de l'eau polluée ou salée

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2306102A1 (fr) * 2009-09-29 2011-04-06 Hemera Energìas Renovables España, S.L.U. Dispositif et procédé de refroidissement et de chauffage de fluide
WO2011038878A1 (fr) * 2009-09-29 2011-04-07 HEMERA ENERGĺAS RENOVABLES ESPAÑA, S.L.U. Dispositif et procédé pour refroidir et/ou réchauffer un fluide
CN102575859A (zh) * 2009-09-29 2012-07-11 西班牙赫墨拉再生资源公司 冷却和/或加热液体的装置和方法
CN102575859B (zh) * 2009-09-29 2016-01-13 西班牙赫墨拉再生资源公司 冷却和/或加热液体的装置和方法
WO2011159244A1 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-22 Aabyhammar Tomas Procéde de traitement d'un gaz contenant du solvant
US20130081413A1 (en) * 2010-06-17 2013-04-04 Tomas Åbyhammar Method in treating solvent containing gas
EP2582447A1 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2013-04-24 Tomas Åbyhammar Procéde de traitement d'un gaz contenant du solvant
EP2582447A4 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2014-01-01 Tomas Aabyhammar Procéde de traitement d'un gaz contenant du solvant
NL2007540C2 (nl) * 2011-10-05 2013-04-08 Lans Westland B V Systeem en werkwijze voor het ontvochtigen van een teeltruimte.
DE102012017665A1 (de) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-13 Rwe Power Ag Verfahren zur Temperierung eines Gewächshauses
CN104596008A (zh) * 2015-01-23 2015-05-06 黄国和 一种全天候太阳能热泵空调系统
CN104596008B (zh) * 2015-01-23 2017-02-22 黄国和 一种全天候太阳能热泵空调系统

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