WO2007110643A1 - Aiguille spinale avec valve - Google Patents
Aiguille spinale avec valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007110643A1 WO2007110643A1 PCT/GB2007/001129 GB2007001129W WO2007110643A1 WO 2007110643 A1 WO2007110643 A1 WO 2007110643A1 GB 2007001129 W GB2007001129 W GB 2007001129W WO 2007110643 A1 WO2007110643 A1 WO 2007110643A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- needle assembly
- needle
- closure element
- opening
- hub
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000001949 anaesthesia Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000002330 subarachnoid space Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000001951 dura mater Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241001269524 Dura Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000005538 Post-Dural Puncture Headache Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010008164 Cerebrospinal fluid leakage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004749 ligamentum flavum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004705 lumbosacral region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920006173 natural rubber latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3401—Puncturing needles for the peridural or subarachnoid space or the plexus, e.g. for anaesthesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/19—Syringes having more than one chamber, e.g. including a manifold coupling two parallelly aligned syringes through separate channels to a common discharge assembly
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3498—Valves therefor, e.g. flapper valves, slide valves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M2025/0007—Epidural catheters
Definitions
- This invention relates to a needle and particularly but not exclusively relates to a spinal needle for use in regional spinal anaesthesia.
- Spinal anaesthesia involves the direct injection of small amounts of local anaesthetic into the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) within the subarachnoid space of the spine.
- CSF cerebro-spinal fluid
- a spinal needle is passed through the skin and outer tissues of a patient, including those of the epidural space, and is used to puncture the dura mater, delivering anaesthetic to the intrathecal compartment.
- the advantages of spinal anaesthesia are well documented and include rapid onset of block, anaesthetic efficiency and reduced cost when compared with that of general anaesthesia.
- FIG. 1 The equipment required for spinal anaesthesia is illustrated in Figure 1 and includes a spinal needle 100, ideally of 24G to 33G with either a pencil or lancet point tip, a stylet 102 to occupy the lumen of the needle during insertion, an introducer needle 104 to direct the flexible spinal needle, and a syringe 106 to hold the spinal anaesthetic solution.
- the introducer needle 104 is inserted into the lumbar region of the spine and is advanced into the intraspinous ligament.
- the spinal needle 100, with the stylet 102 in place, is then inserted through the introducer needle 104, past the ligamentum flavum and epidural space, and punctures the dura mater to enter the subarachnoid space.
- CSF flows into the cannula 110 of the spinal needle and appears in the transparent hub 108 of the needle 100.
- the stylet 102 is typically closely received in the needle cannula 110 hindering the flow of CSF into the needle. It may therefore take some time for CSF fluid to be observed flowing into the hub.
- the stylet 102 is removed from the spinal needle 100, and the syringe 106 containing anaesthetic fluid is attached to the hub 108 of the spinal needle 100. Attachment is typically achieved by means of a Luer Lock or similar mechanical connection. The anaesthetic fluid may then be injected into the intrathecal compartment.
- the spinal needle 100, introducer needle 104 and syringe 106 are withdrawn as one.
- a common problem encountered during spinal anaesthesia is accidental displacement of the needle tip. This may be in the form of accidental removal of the needle tip from the subarachnoid space, or over insertion of the needle leading to puncture of the distal wall of the dura.
- the delay in CSF flow that is commonly experienced when using small diameter needles often leads to spinal needles being inserted deeper within the subarachnoid space than is strictly necessary. In the case of such deeply inserted needles, the additional force that is often exerted on the needle during attachment of the syringe may be sufficient to force the tip of the needle through the distal wall of the dura.
- the needle tip is dislodged from the correct position, either by removal or over insertion, some or all of the spinal anaesthetic may be injected outside the intrathecal compartment, resulting in only a partial block and failure of the procedure. Further, movement of the needle tip within the subarachnoid space can result in additional tearing of the dura mater leading to undesirable CSF leakage and Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH). Even if the dislodged tip is recognised by the anaesthetist and corrected, repositioning of the needle tip is difficult and often results in obstruction of the cannula and multiple punctures of the dura, increasing the likelihood of PDPH.
- PDPH Post Dural Puncture Headache
- a needle assembly comprising a needle and a stylet, the needle comprising a hub and a cannula, wherein the hub defines a cavity that is in fluid communication with a lumen of the cannula, the hub comprising first and second openings and a closure element which is movable between a closed position, in which the first opening communicates with the cavity and the closure element isolates the second opening from the cavity, and an open position, in which the second opening communicates with the cavity and the closure element isolates the first opening from the cavity, the stylet being insertable into the lumen of the cannula through the first opening when the closure element is in the closed position.
- the closure element may be part of a rotary valve, such as a valve having a rotating valve element.
- the first opening may comprise an end port, which may terminate in a connection fitting.
- the second opening may comprise a side port, which may also terminate in a connection fitting.
- a valve seat may be provided at the second opening, the closure element engaging the valve seat of the second opening in the closed position.
- a valve seat may be provided at the first opening, the closure element engaging the valve seat of the first opening in the open position.
- the closure element may comprise a flexible element, which may be a flat sheet of material.
- the flexible element may be formed from rubber, a plastics material, or a synthetic compound such as neoprene.
- the closure element may pivot about a line or thin strip of material that has a higher degree of flexibility than the remainder of the closure element, such that the closure element is connected to the hub by a living hinge.
- the closure element may be formed from a rigid material and may pivot about a conventional hinged joint having a hinge pin.
- a flexible sealing element may be provided around the periphery of the closure element.
- the flexible sealing element may comprise silicone sheet material.
- the closure element may be substantially planar and oval or elliptical in shape. The closure element may be biased to a closed position.
- a central axis of the end port may be substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the cannula.
- a central axis of the side port may intersect the central axis of the end port.
- the cavity of the hub may be substantially cylindrical.
- connection fittings may comprise Luer type fittings, such as Luer Lock fittings.
- connection fittings may comprise other, known mechanical interlock connections.
- the needle may comprise a spinal needle.
- the needle diameter may be not greater than 24G and not less than 33G.
- the cannula may have a pencil point.
- the cannula may have a lancet point.
- the needle assembly may further comprise a syringe.
- the syringe may be removably connected to the side port by a connection fitting.
- the syringe may be removably connected to the side port via a flexible conduit.
- the flexible conduit may comprise small bore tubing.
- small bore tubing is considered to be tubing having an internal diameter not greater than 2 mm. Suitable tubing may, for example, have an internal diameter falling in the range 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, with the outer diameter in the range of 1 mm to 2.7 mm.
- the flexible conduit may be formed from lightweight material, for example a plastics material such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), or polyethylene or silicone.
- the stylet may comprise a handle having a connection fitting suitable for connection to the connection fitting on the end port.
- a surgical kit of parts comprising a needle assembly as defined above and an introducer needle.
- the introducer needle diameter may be not greater than 18G and not less than 2OG.
- the second opening of the needle assembly of the present invention enables a syringe to remain remotely connected to the needle during the entire procedure without interfering with the use and subsequent removal of the stylet. Once CSF flow is observed and the stylet is removed, no further handling of the needle is necessary; the injection can be completed by simply depressing the plunger of the syringe. This is in contrast to the prior art devices, in which the syringe must be connected while the needle is in the patient, thus greatly increasing the chance of dislodging the needle tip and compromising the procedure.
- the needle assembly of the present invention minimises the amount of handling required while the needle is within the patient, reducing the chances of accidentally dislodging the needle from the subarachnoid space.
- the closure element within the needle assembly alternately seals either the side port or the end port of the needle hub.
- anaesthetic fluid is contained within the side port, syringe and flexible conduit and the end port is open to receive the stylet, or to enable unobstructed CSF flow.
- anaesthetic fluid may be injected through the needle hub and cannula into the intrathecal cavity without loss to the atmosphere.
- the nature of the closure element enables it to be operated remotely, removing the need to manually open or close the valve and so further reducing the amount of necessary handling of the needle while the needle tip is within the intrathecal cavity.
- needle diameter is indicated by gauge according to the Stubs Iron Wire Gauge system.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a spinal needles assembly of the prior art.
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of a spinal needle.
- Figure 3 is a sectional view of a spinal needle with a side port removed for clarity.
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of a spinal needle assembly.
- a needle assembly comprises a spinal needle 2, having a cannula 4 and a hub 6.
- the hub 6 comprises a main body 8, that terminates in an end port 10, and a side port 12, that extends from the main body 8 at an angle ⁇ .
- End port 10 and side port 12 each terminate in female Luer Lock connection fittings 14, 16.
- a stylet extends through the hub 6 to occupy a lumen of the cannula 4 of the needle 2.
- the stylet comprises a handle having a male Luer Lock connection fitting, suitable for connection with the female Luer Lock connection fitting 14 on the end port 10.
- a syringe (not shown) is connected to the side port 12 via a tube 18.
- a proximal end of the tube 18 terminates in a male Luer Lock connection fitting 20, and a distal end of the tube 18 terminates in a female Luer Lock connection fitting 22.
- the connection fittings 20, 22 on the tube 18 connect with the female connection fitting 16 on the side port 12 and a male connection fitting (not shown) on the syringe.
- the main body 8 of the hub 6 is cylindrical and formed of transparent material.
- the end port 10 is also cylindrical and is continuous with the main body 8.
- a longitudinal axis 24 of the main body 8 and end port 10 is coincident with a longitudinal axis 26 of the cannula 4.
- the side port 12 is cylindrical and has a cross sectional diameter identical to that of the main body 8 and end port 10.
- a longitudinal axis 28 of the side port 12 intersects the longitudinal axis 24 of the end port 10 at an angle ⁇ , which may be of any appropriate value for a particular application. In the illustrated embodiment, the angle ⁇ is approximately 45°.
- the side port 12 may protrude some distance from the main body 8 (as shown) or may be formed substantially within the main body 8.
- a valve or closure element 30 alternately seals an opening 32, between the side port 12 and the main body 8, and an opening 33, between the end port 10 and the main body 8.
- a first, closed position (illustrated in solid lines)
- the valve 30 is received in a valve seat 34, formed at the intersection of the side port 12 and the main body 8.
- a second, open position (illustrated in broken lines)
- the valve 30 is received in a valve seat 36 that defines the intersection between the main body 8 and the end port 10.
- the valve 30 pivots about an axis 38 at the intersection of the side port 12 and the end port 10.
- the valve 30 may be formed from a flexible sheet material such as, for example, natural rubber latex, silicone elastomeric fluoropolymer or polyurethane elastomer. If formed from a flexible material, the valve is preferably configured to have a thin strip of more flexible material along the axis 38. This strip of more flexible material forms a living hinge, about which the valve 30 is able to pivot.
- the hinge is formed to be as small as possible in order to aid sealing of the valve. However, the hinge must be large enough to provide stability to the valve and resist twisting forces.
- valve 30 may be formed from a rigid material and may pivot about a conventional hinge including a hinge pin.
- the valve 30 may include additional sealing material around the periphery of the valve in the form of silicone sheets or other flexible sealing material.
- the valve 30 is preferably oval or elliptical in shape in order to aid sealing of the side and end ports 12, 10.
- the valve 30 may have any appropriate shape as determined by the internal cross sections of the side port 12 and the main body 8 of the hub 6.
- the tube 18 comprises a section of small bore, lightweight tubing which may, for example, by polyethylene tubing having an internal diameter of 1 mm and an external diameter of 2 mm.
- the small internal diameter minimises dead space within the system and the light weight material ensures that the tube exerts minimal distracting force on the needle, thus reducing inconvenience to the anaesthetist.
- the spinal needle 2 may have any appropriate configuration of point, including a lancet point 40, as illustrated in Figure 2, or a pencil point 42, as illustrated in Figure 3.
- the cannula of the needle may have any desired rotational alignment with respect to the hub 6.
- the hole 46 of the pencil point 42 may be aligned with the side port 12, such that the hole 46 is on the same side as the side port 12.
- the hole 46 of the pencil point may have any other desired alignment with respect to the side port 12.
- the syringe Prior to use, the syringe is filled with an appropriate amount of spinal anaesthetic solution. The syringe is then connected to the tube 18 via the cooperating male and female Luer Lock fittings. Excess air is pumped out of the tube 18 to reduce dead space within the system. The tube 18 is connected to the side port 12 of the needle 2 via the connection fittings 20 and 16. A vacuum may be created in the tube 18 by withdrawing slightly the plunger of the syringe. This vacuum causes a pressure difference across the valve 30, effectively biasing the valve 30 to the closed position illustrated in solid lines in Figure 2. The syringe may then be rested on an appropriate surface prior to inserting the spinal needle 2.
- an introducer needle (not shown) is first inserted into a patient in accordance with established procedures.
- the spinal needle 2 is then inserted through the introducer needle until puncture of the dura mater is achieved.
- the needle is maintained in position until CSF flow is observed.
- the stylet is removed from the needle 2.
- the positive pressure exerted on the valve 30 by the CSF in the hub contributes to the pressure difference biasing the valve 30 to the closed position.
- the spinal anaesthetic solution is then administered by depressing the plunger of the syringe. Depressing the plunger of the syringe increases the pressure on the side port side of the valve 30, until the pressure difference across the valve 30 is reversed and the positive pressure difference is sufficient to open the valve 30.
- the end port 10 With the valve 30 in the open position, the end port 10 is sealed allowing unobstructed flow of anaesthetic solution from the syringe through the tube 18, main body 8 and cannula 4. It will be noted that, due to the compressible nature of air, the removal of air from the tube 18 prior to commencing the procedure is important to enable the pressure increase caused by depression of the syringe plunger to be efficiently transmitted to the valve 30. Once the injection is complete, the spinal needle and introducer may be withdrawn from the patient as one.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne une aiguille comprenant un raccord et une canule, le raccord définissant une cavité en communication fluide avec une lumière de la canule, le raccord comprenant une première et une deuxième ouverture et une valve, la première et la deuxième ouverture communiquant de manière alternée avec la cavité par le biais de la valve.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0606292A GB2436527B (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-03-29 | Needle |
GB0606292.1 | 2006-03-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007110643A1 true WO2007110643A1 (fr) | 2007-10-04 |
Family
ID=36424814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2007/001129 WO2007110643A1 (fr) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Aiguille spinale avec valve |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2436527B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007110643A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9895518B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2018-02-20 | Neurofluidics, Inc. | Cerebrospinal fluid purification system |
US10632237B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2020-04-28 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Tangential flow filter system for the filtration of materials from biologic fluids |
US10850235B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2020-12-01 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Method for filtering cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) including monitoring CSF flow |
US11147540B2 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2021-10-19 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Introducer sheath and puncture tool for the introduction and placement of a catheter in tissue |
US11577060B2 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2023-02-14 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Systems and methods for the conditioning of cerebrospinal fluid |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4518383A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1985-05-21 | Evans John M | Instrument and method for epidural and spinal anaesthesia |
US4958901A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1990-09-25 | Neurodelivery Technology, Inc. | Method for making a multi-lumen epidural-spinal needle and tip and stock configuration for the same |
WO1995008956A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Catheter Imaging Systems | Appareil permettant d'observer la region epidurale pendant une chirurgie epidurale par exemple |
US5902273A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-05-11 | Yang; Ian Y. | Pressurizable epidural space identification syringe |
DE20018216U1 (de) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-02-28 | Sueddeutsche Feinmechanik | Anästhesiebesteck |
US20040073159A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-04-15 | Nelson David A. | Catheter system and method for administering regional anesthesia to a patient |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5334163A (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-08-02 | Sinnett Kevin B | Apparatus for preparing and administering a dose of a fluid mixture for injection into body tissue |
US5478323A (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1995-12-26 | Eli Lilly And Company | Manifold for injection apparatus |
US20030120217A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-26 | Abergel R. Patrick | Methods and devices for sclerotherapy |
-
2006
- 2006-03-29 GB GB0606292A patent/GB2436527B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-03-29 WO PCT/GB2007/001129 patent/WO2007110643A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4518383A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1985-05-21 | Evans John M | Instrument and method for epidural and spinal anaesthesia |
US4958901A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1990-09-25 | Neurodelivery Technology, Inc. | Method for making a multi-lumen epidural-spinal needle and tip and stock configuration for the same |
WO1995008956A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Catheter Imaging Systems | Appareil permettant d'observer la region epidurale pendant une chirurgie epidurale par exemple |
US5902273A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-05-11 | Yang; Ian Y. | Pressurizable epidural space identification syringe |
DE20018216U1 (de) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-02-28 | Sueddeutsche Feinmechanik | Anästhesiebesteck |
US20040073159A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-04-15 | Nelson David A. | Catheter system and method for administering regional anesthesia to a patient |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9895518B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2018-02-20 | Neurofluidics, Inc. | Cerebrospinal fluid purification system |
US10398884B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2019-09-03 | Neurofluidics, Inc. | Cerebrospinal fluid purification system |
US20200046954A1 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2020-02-13 | Neurofluidics, Inc. | Cerebrospinal fluid purification system |
US10632237B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2020-04-28 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Tangential flow filter system for the filtration of materials from biologic fluids |
US10850235B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2020-12-01 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Method for filtering cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) including monitoring CSF flow |
US11065425B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2021-07-20 | Neurofluidics, Inc. | Cerebrospinal fluid purification system |
US11529452B2 (en) | 2006-10-09 | 2022-12-20 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Tangential flow filter system for the filtration of materials from biologic fluids |
US11147540B2 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2021-10-19 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Introducer sheath and puncture tool for the introduction and placement of a catheter in tissue |
US11577060B2 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2023-02-14 | Minnetronix, Inc. | Systems and methods for the conditioning of cerebrospinal fluid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0606292D0 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
GB2436527A (en) | 2007-10-03 |
GB2436527B (en) | 2008-02-20 |
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