Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
  • G06K19/06046—Constructional details
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
  • G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
  • G06K1/126—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by photographic or thermographic registration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
  • B42D25/378—Special inks
  • B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light

Definitions

• the invention relates to a data carrier with a visually and / or machine-identifiable labeling in the form of patterns, letters, numbers or images and a method for producing such a data carrier.
• Identification cards such as credit cards or identity cards
• marking by laser engraving the optical properties of the card material in the form of a desired marking are irreversibly changed by suitable guidance of a laser beam.
• document DE 3048733 A1 describes an identification card with applied information which has different colored layer areas arranged one above the other on one surface and which are at least partially interrupted by visually recognizable personalization data.
• a color layer on a data carrier substrate is to be removed or modified by means of a laser, this color layer must at least partially have a high absorption at the wavelength of the marking laser.
• the lower the absorption the higher the energy input of the laser must be selected to achieve the desired effect. Due to the high energy input, however, it is usually undesirable te side effects in the substrate or in other above or below the color layer to be marked layers produced.
• the invention has for its object to propose a data carrier of the type mentioned, which has a laser-generated individual identification high security against counterfeiting.
• the label should occupy little space on the disk and be easy to integrate into existing designs or print images.
• the invention is also intended to provide a method for producing such a data carrier.
• a data carrier with a data carrier substrate is provided and a marking layer is applied to the data carrier substrate.
• the markings will be According to introduced introduced by means of short laser pulses in the Markierurigstik. Such laser marking with short laser pulses offers a number of advantages over conventional marking methods, which are explained in detail below.
• markings are introduced into the marking layer which are not recognizable in the visible spectral range. Rather, the markings are preferably detectable only in the infrared spectral range, in particular in the near infrared in a wavelength range between 780 nm and 1000 nm. They are then visually invisible authenticity features that can, however, easily be read out mechanically using conventional silicon-based detectors. In alternative designs, the markings can also be read in the ultraviolet spectral range.
• the markings are advantageously produced by laser modification of a laser-modifiable feature substance in the marking layer.
• the feature substance is an infrared absorber, in particular an infrared absorber with a absorption maximum in the near infrared.
• the markings are advantageously introduced with a marking laser at a wavelength which does not correspond to the absorption maximum of the laser-modifiable feature substance. It is even possible to choose a wavelength for the marking at which the laser-modifiable feature substance has essentially no or only a very small absorption. This decoupling of marker wavelength and absorption maximum allows a much greater freedom in both the choice the feature substances used as well as in the choice of marking lasers used.
• a marking region substantially longer than the visible spectral range may be used for the marking, for example 1.06 ⁇ m. The risk of undesired influence of other, visually visible layers of paint by the laser application can thereby be greatly reduced.
• the decoupling of the marking wavelength and absorption maximum is made possible by the use according to the invention of short laser pulses for the marking which, surprisingly, can also modify the feature substance far beyond its absorption maximum. It is even possible and advantageous in some designs if the feature substance has substantially no or only a very small absorption at the marking wavelength.
• the manner in which the short laser pulses produce the modification despite little or even zero absorption of the feature substance at the marker wavelength is currently not understood. Without wishing to be bound by any particular explanation, it is believed that the modification results from nonlinear effects at high laser intensities, as further detailed below.
• the markings are advantageously introduced into the marking layer with a marking laser in the infrared spectral range, with marking lasers having a wavelength of about 1.06 ⁇ m being particularly preferred.
• Nd Y AG laser
• Nd YVO laser
• Nd glass laser
• the heat flow over a characteristic extent r is then followed by a characteristic time duration ⁇ of the order of magnitude ⁇ "r 2 / D. If the pulse length of a laser pulse is shorter than this characteristic time duration ⁇ , then the heat generated during the absorption during the duration of the laser pulse in the marking layer can only be distributed within the characteristic extent.
• the markings with laser pulses having a pulse length of less than 100 ns, preferably less than 50 ns, more preferably less than 30 ns in the
• Pulse lengths of less than 10 ns or even less than 1 ns are also contemplated.
• the pulse rate of the marking laser and the average power of the laser are also important.
• High production speed markers require a high pulse rate (> 20 kHz, preferably> 30 kHz), a high average power (at least a few watts, preferably some 10 W), and a short pulse duration of the individual pulses. These partially contradictory requirements can be met simultaneously with careful selection and optimization of the marking laser used.
• the so-called "first peak” phenomenon is used, and the term “peak peak” is the peak power of a laser at the beginning of the lasering.
• a population inversion of the energy levels is generated by appropriate energy input (“pumping"), ie states of higher energy are more heavily occupied than states of lower energy During lasering, the degradation of these energy levels is stimulated, thereby releasing energy in the form of laser light (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).
• Solid-state lasers are operated so that the pump light is continuously on and the laser radiation is removed by opening a shutter or the Q-switch in the resonator, which has built up a high population inversion that is instantaneously degraded and produces a high power peak (First Peak) as soon as the shutter or Q-switch is opened, after which the further pulses or cw (continuous wave) operation will be at a lower equilibrium power level since there is never enough time between two pulses
• the difference between the first and the following pulses is the smaller the greater the distance between the individual pulses or the lower the frequency of the pulses.
• This first peak is generally also recognizable in the case of laser markings by a stronger marking, a stronger effect or a different effect at the beginning of a marking vector. So he can z. B. at a mark in a metallized film at the beginning of a label to be marked by a larger point or at a mark in a color that removes the paint, with a darker spot in the paper, which can also be felt.
• At least parts of the marking according to the invention can be emphasized by the "first peak" and serve as a verification feature for a lasered identification Depending on the design of this so modified marking, the change can no longer be detected with the naked eye, but only with a magnifying glass or a Image processing sensor, so that a higher level of security can be achieved.
• a mixture of a laser-transparent mixture component and a mixture component which can be modified by the laser radiation is applied as the marking layer.
• a layer sequence of two or more layers can be applied as the marking layer, wherein at least one first layer for the laser radiation is transparent and at least one second layer can be modified by the laser radiation.
• the marking layer can be applied over a visually visible printing layer.
• the marking layer itself can be applied by means of intaglio printing or even over the entire surface, in particular imprinted. If the marking layer is executed in intaglio printing, it expediently contains a spot color next to the feature substance.
• the marking layer may contain, in addition to the feature substance, further color and / or security pigments, such as optically variable color pigments or magnetic pigments.
• At least one camouflaging the marking layer over the marking layer, applied transparent layer for the laser radiation at least one camouflaging the marking layer over the marking layer, applied transparent layer for the laser radiation.
• a printing layer in particular a full-surface printing layer or a gravure printing layer, can be used as the camouflage layer.
• the invention also includes a data carrier, in particular a value document or security paper, with a substrate and a marking layer applied to the substrate, in which by the action of laser radiation visually and / or machine recognizable identifications in the form of patterns, letters, numbers, graphic codes (z B. barcodes, matrix codes) or images are introduced.
• the marking layer of the data carrier contains at least one laser-transparent substance and a laser-modified feature substance which has substantially no or only slight absorption at the laser wavelength.
• the absorption maximum of the laser-modified feature is advantageously off the laser wavelength, as explained above.
• the marking layer may comprise a mixture of a laser-transparent mixture component and a mixture component modified by the laser radiation, or it may represent a layer sequence of two or more layers, wherein at least one first layer is transparent to the laser radiation and at least one second layer is modified by the laser radiation ,
• the invention contains a data carrier of the type mentioned above, in which the marking layer represents a layer sequence of two or more layers, wherein a first layer transparent to the laser radiation is arranged over a second layer modified by the laser radiation.
• the marking layer of the data carrier can be arranged above a visually visible printed layer.
• the marking layer itself may be formed by a gravure printing layer or by a full-surface printing layer.
• At least one layer which camouflages the marking layer and is transparent to the laser radiation can be arranged above the marking layer, this camouflage layer being formed for example by a printing layer, in particular a full-surface printing layer or a gravure printing layer.
• the markings of the marking layer are preferably not visible in the visible spectral range, but can only be detected mechanically in the UV spectral range or preferably in the infrared spectral range, in particular in a wavelength range between 780 nm and 1000 nm.
• the substrate of the data carrier can be formed from paper, a foil or a paper-foil laminate.
• the data carrier itself represents, for example, a security element, a sheet-shaped value document or the card body of an identity card, credit card or the like.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a marked bill according to an embodiment of the invention
• 2 shows a cross section through the banknote of Fig. 1 along the
• FIG. 3 schematically shows the reflection spectrum of an infrared-absorbing feature substance before the laser application (solid curve) and after the laser application (dashed curve), and FIG
• FIG. 4 to 8 cross sections as in Fig. 2 by data carrier according to further embodiments of the invention.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show a schematic representation of a banknote 10 which is provided with an identification 12 which can be detected automatically only in the infrared spectral range, such as the two-dimensional matrix code indicated in the figure.
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the banknote 10 along the line II - II of FIG. 1 in the region of the marking 12.
• the banknote substrate 14 has a marking layer 16 and a print layer 18 transparent to the laser radiation of the marking laser.
• the marking layer 16 contains an infrared-absorbing feature substance whose absorption maximum is, for example, about 850 nm.
• the absorption of the feature substance at 850 nm is significantly reduced, so that the inscribed marking 12 can easily be read out with conventional silicon-based image processing sensors.
• the laser-modified regions 20 and the unmodified regions appear in FIG Essentially the same color impression and the same brightness, so that the label 12 is not visible to the naked eye.
• a special feature of the invention is that the laser modification of the feature substance takes place with short laser pulses and at a different wavelength than the wavelength of its maximum absorption.
• the marking 12 is introduced into the feature layer 16 at a wavelength of approximately 1.06 ⁇ m and with laser pulses having a pulse length between 6 ns and 30 ns.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows the reflection spectrum of an infrared-absorbing feature substance suitable for the invention before and after laser irradiation with the marking laser.
• the reflectivity stated in arbitrary units is shown in the spectral range from 400 nm to 1200 nm.
• the reflection spectrum of the feature substance before the laser application or outside the applied areas is described by the solid curve 30.
• the feature substance in these regions has a pronounced absorption maximum at about 850 nm, which appears in the reflection spectrum shown as the minimum of the reflectivity R, indicated by the arrow 32.
• the laser application is carried out with short pulses at a wavelength of 1.064 microns, indicated by the arrow 34, ie well outside the absorption maximum of the feature substance.
• the reflectivity R of the marking layer 16 with the feature substance is already about 95% at this wavelength.
• the reflection spectra rum of the feature substance after laser exposure is shown in Fig. 3 by the dashed curve 36.
• the modified regions 20 and the unmodified regions can easily be distinguished by their different reflection in the near infrared, for example at a wavelength of 850 nm.
• the differences in the visible spectral range are small and, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, moreover masked by the overprint layer 18.
• the measure according to the invention offers a number of advantages.
• the selection of laser-modifiable feature substances is no longer limited to substances which have a high absorption at the laser wavelength.
• only a small thermal load of the layer structure and the substrate in the laser is made possible by the short pulses.
• the wavelength of the marking laser can be chosen such that other elements of the layer structure are not attacked by the laser radiation.
• short pulses are pulses in which the pulse length is shorter than the characteristic time for heat diffusion in the marking layer, as described in more detail above.
• the feature substance can be removed or ablated by the short laser pulses, or be changed by the deposited energy, for example, in its chemical bonds so that the observed change in the reflection properties results.
• marker lasers having wavelengths at about 1.06 ⁇ m, such as Nd: Y AG lasers, Nd: YVO lasers, or Yb: glass fiber lasers, with the preferred laser pulse lengths consistently below 100 ns.
• Particularly good results have been achieved with laser pulse lengths of between about 6 ns and 30 ns, although shorter pulse lengths in the single-digit nanosecond range or even in the picosecond or femtosecond range are also suitable.
• the pulse length is defined, as usual, as the width of the pulse at half maximum intensity.
• the simplest possible layer structure 40 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4.
• a substrate 42 which may be, for example, a banknote paper, a film, a card body or a paper-foil laminate, while a marking layer 44 is applied, preferably printed.
• the marking layer 44 contains a laser-modifiable feature substance that is locally changed in its absorption or reflection properties by applying a region 46 of the marking layer with short laser pulses. The change in region 46 may then be detected visually and / or by machine.
• the layer structure 50 shown there comprises a substrate 52, a print layer 54, a marking layer 56 and an optional protective layer 58.
• the print layer 54 may be, for example, an offset or indirect layer which does not react with the laser radiation.
• the marking layer 56 consists of a mixture of a spot color 60 with a suitable feature substance 62, for example the laser-modified infrared absorber of FIG. 3.
• regions 64 of the marking layer 56 printed in intaglio printing with the pulsed radiation of an infrared laser in the exemplary embodiment of a diode-pumped Yb: glass fiber laser Wavelength ⁇ of 1.06 .mu.m, a pulse length of 20 to 30 ns, a pulse frequency of 30 kHz or more, and an average power of 10 to 20 W, the feature substance 62 is already sufficiently changed in its absorption characteristics by a single laser pulse, as shown below to allow a machine reading of the introduced marking.
• the printing layer 54 contains a high proportion of dark color, it may happen that the inscribed marking becomes faintly visible due to the surface change of the marking layer 56.
• this can be prevented by providing the marking layer with a protective layer 58, which gives the entire surface a uniform gloss impression.
• a protective layer protects the marking well against soiling, so that its machine readability is ensured for a long period of time.
• the marking layer can also be arranged below further camouflaging printing layers, as illustrated by the layer sequence 70 of FIG. 6.
• a feature substance is printed on a substrate 72 as a solid surface 74, which is chosen to be large enough to accommodate the laser marking.
• the marking layer 74 thus produced was overprinted with at least one printing process, such as indirect printing, and with a color that does not react with the radiation of the marking laser (reference numeral 76).
• the infrared absorption of the feature substance in a partial region 78 of the marking layer 74 was changed by laser application, without influencing the overlying overpressure layer 76.
• the overprinting layer 76 likewise ensures that the marking can not be visually recognized even in the case of possible light surfaces of changes in the marking layer 74.
• the overpressure 76 may for example consist of guilloches. Also, one or more further layers may be applied over the overprinting layer 76, such as a gravure portrait.
• the full-area marking layer 74 may contain, in addition to the feature substance, further colorant and / or security pigments, such as optically variable color pigments or magnetic pigments.
• the marking layer is applied by intaglio printing as in FIG. 5, the infrared absorption of the feature substance is generally not flat constant due to the pattern width of the intaglio printing, which can complicate the machine readout of the inscribed marking.
• a full-surface printing layer with the feature substance can be applied, as illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7.
• the layer sequence 80 shown there contains, in addition to the layers already described in connection with FIG. 5, an additional layer 82 applied with a background printing process, which likewise contains the feature substance 62.
• the feature substance 62 is modified by the laser application in both the marking layer 56 and in the additional full-surface printing layer 82.
• the appearance of the inscribed marking is homogenized by the additional layer 82 and increases the read-off reliability. It is understood that the additional layer 82 may also contain other colorant and / or security pigments in addition to the feature substance.
• different marking layers are combined in a layer sequence.
• 8 shows a layer sequence 90 with a first marking layer 92, a camouflaged overprint layer 94 and a second marking layer 96.
• the two marking layers 92, 96 contain different feature substances which can each be modified by exposure to laser pulses of different lengths.
• the feature substance of the first marking layer 92 may be chosen so that it already reacts with the laser radiation at longer pulse durations, for example about 50 ns, while shorter laser pulses, for example about 10 ns, are required for modifying the feature substance of the second marking layer 96 ,
• first markings 93 can then be introduced into the marking layer 92 in a first step with longer laser pulses (50 ns).
• the second marking layer 96 is in This step is not changed because the intensity of the longer pulses is not sufficient to modify their feature substance.
• a second marking 97 is then introduced into the marking layer 96 with shorter pulses (10 ns).
• the first marking layer 92 may also be changed or left unchanged in this step.
• the labels 93 and 97 may remain invisible in the visible spectral range.
• the marking 93 of the upper marking layer 92 can be recognizable in the visible spectral range, while the camouflaged marking 97 of the lower marking layer 96 can only be read out by machine in the near infrared.
• the reversed arrangement of the first and second marking layer is conceivable, so that the upper marking layer is modified with short laser pulses, the lower marking layer with longer laser pulses. Laser pulses of different lengths can often be achieved with little effort by a single laser system, since in many laser systems an increase in the pulse rate is accompanied by an extension of the pulse durations.
• the registration of the registered markings can be done with the aid of a camera, for example with a CCD or CMOS detector.
• Suitable filters long-pass, short-pass, bandpass, in particular narrow-band interference filters
• downstream image processing can further improve the acquired raw image prior to the evaluation.
• the reflection behavior of the feature substance can also be evaluated at more than one wavelength in order to distinguish between different feature substances.
• the difference between the reflectivities of the modified and unmodified regions between 400 nm and 1000 nm changes the sign several times.
• the wavelengths at which these sign changes take place, or the ratio of the reflectivities at certain preselected wavelengths, is characteristic of the particular feature substance used. If detectors made of materials other than silicon are used, such as an InGaAs detector, the reflection behavior can also be evaluated at wavelengths greater than 1000 nm.
• the numbering of a banknote on the sheet is read or calculated using a camera and electronic image processing.
• a batch code not recognizable in the visible which is different for each use on the banknote sheet, is read or calculated.
• a control unit of the numbering machine transmits the numbers to the computer system for the laser marking and only the batch code is detected and read with the camera.
• a signature is then calculated by means of a secret key and a suitable encryption algorithm, such as RSA, DSA, elliptic curves or the like, converted into a two-dimensional coding and used as identification in the manner described above inscribed the marking layer.
• the signature may, for example, have 40 payload bytes or more to be considered secure according to the current state of cryptography.
• statistical data from the individual banknote can also be included in the signature, such as cutting tolerances, positional tolerances between the different printing methods, a distribution of mottling fibers and the like.
• a simpler code which can also be read by high-speed bank note processing machines can only contain up to 10 useful bytes and can be written into the marking layer without complex encryption.
• the serial number of the banknote can be completely or partially stored in visually invisible code or other logistics data.
• a further application of the marking according to the invention is the use as an intelligent infrared ultrafine color section.
• infrared color is produced by, for example, intaglio printing a motif having two identical colors in the visual spectral range, which differ in the infrared spectrum, so that the subject can only be detected by taking pictures in the infrared range.
• Conventional color cuts are produced by overlapping color stencils, so that the shape and information of the color section can only be relatively coarse.
• the conventional color section become two Inks needed, which limits the number of colors available for the design.
• the laser modification described above it is now possible to introduce very finely structured information in the infrared range, which are visible as brightening when viewed in the infrared spectral range, for example at 850 nm.
• graphic and image motifs, optical codes, characters, etc. can be implemented.
• Both vector and pixel / bitmap labeling methods can be used.
• the method is preferably applied to gravure printed areas wherein the intaglio inks contain as an admixture the infrared absorbing feature substance.
• a banknote window, a metallic strip or a film application can also serve as a carrier of the marking layer.
• a code which can be read from both sides can be generated in this way.
• a particular advantage of such a laser color-cutting method is that an additional inking unit for any color color is free and that the use of a special infrared absorber and the application of the color section for light shades is feasible.
• Another The advantage is the different labeling of identical banknotes in order to be able to separate them during later sorting.
• laser marking is the forgery prevention of products.
• Various features of a product such as article number, serial number, date of manufacture, manufacturing facility, and the like, may be encrypted as a signature and placed in the visually and / or machine-identifiable tag.
• the data can be linked to statistical features of the product.
• the labeling can be applied to a label, the packaging or, in individual cases, to the product itself.
• characteristic data such as the name of the event, the venue, date, time, price, seat number, name of the owner or the like, can be stored in encrypted form on the ticket.
• the invention is advantageous.
• the data such as the value of the voucher, a voucher number, the date of issue, the issuing office, the issuing company and like, contains. After checking the marking, the acceptance of counterfeit or adulterated vouchers can then be rejected by a corresponding acceptance machine.

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Citations (7)

• 2006
  • 2006-03-27 DE DE102006014367A patent/DE102006014367A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-03-15 PL PL07723270T patent/PL2001684T3/pl unknown
  • 2007-03-15 CN CN2007800109426A patent/CN101410256B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-03-15 RU RU2008142021/12A patent/RU2424909C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-03-15 EP EP07723270.0A patent/EP2001684B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-03-15 WO PCT/EP2007/002276 patent/WO2007110155A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-03-15 AU AU2007229741A patent/AU2007229741B2/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
  • 2007-03-15 MY MYPI20083580A patent/MY148090A/en unknown
  • 2007-03-15 CA CA2645578A patent/CA2645578C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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