WO2007104339A1 - Procede et dispositifs de lecture pour des systemes d'identification par radiofrequence - Google Patents

Procede et dispositifs de lecture pour des systemes d'identification par radiofrequence Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007104339A1
WO2007104339A1 PCT/EP2006/002416 EP2006002416W WO2007104339A1 WO 2007104339 A1 WO2007104339 A1 WO 2007104339A1 EP 2006002416 W EP2006002416 W EP 2006002416W WO 2007104339 A1 WO2007104339 A1 WO 2007104339A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiofrequency
rfid
radiation pattern
interrogation
antennas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/002416
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rafael Pous Andres
Original Assignee
Aida Centre, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aida Centre, S.L. filed Critical Aida Centre, S.L.
Priority to PCT/EP2006/002416 priority Critical patent/WO2007104339A1/fr
Publication of WO2007104339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007104339A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10346—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the far field type, e.g. HF types or dipoles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment

Definitions

  • the invention that is disclosed herein is related with the technology of Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) which can be used for the automatic identification of objects, persons or animals, to which electronic labels, commonly termed "tags” or RFID labels are attached.
  • RFID Radiofrequency Identification
  • This technique and, therefore, the present invention is applicable in numerous fields, such as the sector of access security to sites with the authentication of persons or objects, as well as being frequently applied in the field of logistics for the tracking of products during their storage and transport, the taking of inventories, etc.
  • this invention relates to the operation of automatic reading of the RFID tags and, in particular, it has the object of maximizing the probability that said RFID tags are read independently of their disposition, that is, without prior information on the channel.
  • RFID Radiofrequency Identification
  • electronic tags which include an integrated circuit or chip coupled to a micro- antenna.
  • the integrated circuit of the tag stores an exclusive code which can be used as an unequivocal label of an individual, animal or object.
  • RFID identifier devices are known, for example, implemented in capsules, coins, cards, badges, etc., but the format most employed in the identification of products is that of self-adhesive labels, comprising several layers of material carrying in the interior thereof the microchip connected to the printed circuit antenna, conforming an RFID electronic tag which can be located on the surface of any product.
  • RFID devices that operate in a low-frequency band, around 125 kHz, others in the high-frequency band at 13.56 MHz and some last ones developed to work in the 900 MHz range, in the UHF band.
  • EPC Electronic Product Code
  • Radiofrequency Identification To make possible the operation of a system of Radiofrequency Identification, a further two basic elements are also necessary: 1) an information system wherein the characteristics of each product are previously stored, such as expiry date, material, weight, dimensions, etc., which are important with regard to the proprietary application, and 2) an RFID reader device of the RFID electronic tags attached to the products.
  • the RFID reader incorporates its own antenna, which transmits a series of radiofrequency waves which constitute an interrogation signal, which is picked up, at a distance of up to about 10 metres, by the tiny antenna of the RFID electronic tag.
  • the RFID electronic tag transmits automatically to the reader, likewise by means of radiofrequency signals radiated by the micro-antenna, the unique code of the product held in the microchip.
  • the reader sends the code to the information system, whereby it is possible to consult the identity and the data of the products at any time, with which the information system can directly monitor the typical processes of production, distribution or sales in a company.
  • the so-called beamforming arrays or groupings of antennas are very well known, which allow the coverage to be increased, the signal quality improved, the signal-to-noise ratio improved, interference to be suppressed, service to be provided simultaneously to different users, etc. They consist of an array of two or more identical antennas that radiate or receive simultaneously. The radiation pattern or diagram of the array is obtained as the interference of the fields radiated by each of the antennas, whilst in reception the received signal is a linear combination of the signals picked up by each antenna. " ⁇ :
  • the operating mode of an array of antennas varies in terms of the information that they have available.
  • the suppression of interference can only be done if an estimate is available for said interference in the channel, which can be complicated in practical applications.
  • This same principle could be applied specifically to the systems of Radiofrequency Identification, incorporating in the RFID reader, instead of a single antenna, an array of antennas to increase the coverage of the unit for reading the products with the RFID tags, without having to move said products.
  • An example of this specific application is the RFID system with an array of adaptive antennas which is found in the American patent application US 2005/0128159, wherein it is sought to increase the distance at which it is possible to read the RFID tags by aiming the radiation beam toward the actual tags.
  • Such aiming of the beam which is emitted by the antenna array is achieved by means of the application of some weighting factors to the signals transmitted by each RFID tag to the reader which has the array of antenna which form an intelligent RFID reader antenna, combining said signals to reach a maximum signal-to-noise ratio.
  • RFlD tags does not necessarily signify an increase in the coverage, since the limitation is not so much in the return path of the signal from the tag to the RFID reader but rather in the sending of the signal which, for the first time, said reader emits and is received by the passive RFID electronic tag.
  • the present invention is intended to resolve the problem outlined above, constituting a solution perfectly adaptable to the real application environments of the devices of Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) or RFID tags and being capable of maximizing the efficiency in reading such tags with a minimum information on the disposition of the same.
  • RFID Radiofrequency Identification
  • One aspect of the invention consists of a reading method for RFID systems, where an interrogation radiofrequency signal is generated or transmitted according to a radiation pattern, but the radiation pattern is not fixed but rather it is moved or modified in a predetermined manner, which can be random, pseudorandom, periodic, or by making a linear sweep with the radiation beam in a horizontal, vertical or two-dimensional movement.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the reader device for RFID systems which performs the reading of the RFID tags following the preceding method, in which it is necessary to point out that there is no requirement whatsoever to know where or how said electronic tags are mounted, because in fact it is not the intention to aim directly at the micro- antennas integrated in the aforementioned tags, but rather the variation in the direction of the radiation pattern with which the interrogation signal is transmitted from the reading device for RFID proposed herein is determined previously to a response received from any RFID tag.
  • the RFID reader device disclosed for the generation of this interrogation signal according to a radiation pattern with movement is configured, preferably, incorporating an array of at least two antennas or radiating elements which are suitably connected and communicate electromagnetically with a radiofrequency module, like that included in any conventional RFID reader and which integrates all the circuitry with the associated firmware for control of the reading process, including a possible anti-collision protocol to manage the simultaneous responses from multiple RFID tags.
  • the array of antennas in the reader device object of the invention has a convenient disposition according to the specific conditions of the RFID systems in which it is applied.
  • the radiating elements which conform said array of antennas can be aligned on a vertical or horizontal axis, or forming a circular structure, among other possible dispositions, for example, to improve efficiency in the reading of the tagged products that pass through a loading bay, through a door, on a conveyor belt, etc.
  • the array of antennas of the reader being predetermined according to parameters easily known in the real case of the application, such as the speed at which the products pass, the volume of the boxes with products, the height of the stacked boxes, etc.
  • an option of embodiment of the invention consists in applying a uniform gain in amplitude and phase of each of the signals generated by the antennas individually, being combined to create a single radiation beam, of more or less width depending on the requirements of the application, the aiming direction of which changes with the variation in the distributions of amplitude and phase.
  • Another option is that in the transmission of the interrogation signal a predetermined sequence is followed, the antennas having been arranged in alignment to activate them one after the other and produce a sweep with the radiation beam, in vertical, horizontal, or from left to right and up and down by way of lines (like in the sweeping action in a television raster), among other alternatives.
  • obtaining the apparent movement of the radiation pattern cannot only come from an array of antennas, but a radiation pattern capable of moving can also be generated by means of a single antenna, controlled electronically by varying the distribution of the induced currents in said antenna, in phase and/or amplitude.
  • the antenna is therefore designed adapting it to allow the modification of the impedance values (resistance, capacitance, etc.) of said single antenna, as a function of which the distribution of the currents changes on its surface.
  • oscillators in diverse forms can be used, for example, which combine the progressive phases in two directions for the purpose of producing Lissajous figures of the maximum of the radiation obtained by the superposition of two perpendicular harmonic movements, according to two frequencies which constitute a horizontal component and another vertical in the movement of the beam.
  • oscillator There are several other types of oscillator known which can be applied to produce a polarization voltage of the antenna(s) and so move the radiation pattern, for example: triangular oscillators, in which the output voltage grows linearly up to a maximum and then decreases also linearly to a minimum; chaotic oscillators, chaotic or infinite-period oscillators, to give a beam coverage in attractor format which can be moved in one or two dimensions, in which the output signal is varying continually but the waveform is never repeated, giving a random appearance although the behaviour of the chaotic oscillator is totally deterministic.
  • the oscillators act on some phase-shifting devices which continuously modify the phase of the incoming signal to each antenna as a function of the polarization voltage applied to them.
  • the signals can be combined by means of any known algorithm, for example, varying the phase and applying an uniform amplitude in all the antennas of the RFID reader device.
  • the power radiated is always limited by law in the frequency band, whereby the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) cannot be increased, for which reason applying some restrictions to the gains of each reader antenna, the EIRP is equivalent to that of a single antenna.
  • EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
  • the reading method is significantly simple and greatly increases the probability of activating in its interrogation the passive electronic tags. In addition, this procedure can be used in both the far or radiation field and for the near or induction field, since the objective is to produce a variation in the channel.
  • the reader device comprises a communications module, for the exchange of information, preferably over a wireless link of the 802.11 standard, with a central information processing unit.
  • This central processing unit has means not only to store the information read from the RFID tags, but also to treat the data obtained, and can be applied in the automatic preparation of reports for control of the reception and/or dispatch of an article or any other service deriving from the use of an RFID system.
  • the RFID tags do not need an internal power supply, but instead use the energy of the interrogation signal coming from the RFID reader device itself, the communication of the latter with the tags being by radiofrequency and the link over which it communicates with the central processing unit (which has a power supply) also wireless, a connection is only needed from the reader device to a power source for the whole RFID system to be fully operative.
  • the wireless connection allows the communication of the RFID reading device with the proprietary information systems of the user, for example, a corporate intranet.
  • the RFID tags facilitate the tracking of the products, mandatory in those for foodstuffs, achieving an identification and continuous monitoring during the stages of packaging, boxing, storage, dispatch and reception in the final destination of the product.
  • Figure 1. It shows a block diagram of the reading device for RFID systems, according to a preferred embodiment, showing the movement of the radiation pattern, according to the object of the invention.
  • Figure 2. It shows a schematic representation of a possible disposition of the reader antennas on some reference axes and of the angular coordinates which define the direction of the equivalent field radiated by such antennas.
  • Figure 3. It shows a schematic representation of another possible disposition of the reader antennas on some reference axes and of the angular coordinates which define the direction of the equivalent field radiated by such antennas.
  • Figure 4. It shows a schematic representation of a last example of disposition of the reader antennas on some reference axes and of the angular coordinates which define the direction of the equivalent field radiated by such antennas.
  • a reader device for systems of Radiofrequency Identification which comprises a radiofrequency module (1 ) linked to an array of antennas which comprises at least two radiating elements (2).
  • the output of the radiofrequency module (1) is connected to a power splitter (5), the outputs of which are in turn linked to each radiating element (2) of the RFID reader, acting as a signal combiner in the reception of the responses of the RFID tags present in the system.
  • the radiofrequency module (1) is connected to a rectifier (6) in series with some means of control and power supply (7), which affect the different radiating elements (2) which together emit a radiofrequency signal according to a radiation pattern (R), to interrogate the RFID tags, the direction of which varies in accordance with the indication of the arrow illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the radiation pattern (R) is moved by introducing a phase variator (3) and an amplitude controller (4) which connected to each radiating element (2), modify respectively the phase and amplitude distributions of the equivalent field that it is radiated, consequently changing the channel between the reader device and the RFID tags.
  • Another form of changing the direction in which the radiation takes place at any time is by configuring the array of antennas with the radiating elements (2) arranged with a uniform and in-line spacing, following a vertical axis (Z), as is represented in Figure 2, or, aligned on a horizontal axis (X), as shown in Figure 3, so that the direction which defines the radiation pattern (R), given by angular coordinates ( ⁇ , ⁇ ), makes a linear sweep, in a vertical (Z) or horizontal (X) direction, as shown in the respective Figures 2 and 3.
  • the sweep made by the radiation pattern (R) can be in two dimensions (XZ), in the case of a two-dimensional configuration of the array of antennas, as represented in Figure 4.
  • other spatial dispositions of the radiating elements (2) are possible, following the reference system of spatial coordinates, for example, they can be aligned diagonally or be spaced in a non-uniform way.
  • the number and the disposition of the radiating elements (2) of the array are chosen in accordance with the RFID system wherein it is applied, if it is for the identification of objects that pass over a conveyor belt, or they are stacked products, it being preferable in each particular case to have some configurations of the array of antennas of the reader over others: in a circle, etc.
  • the reader device of Figure 1 generates the radiofrequency interrogation signal, to which the RFID tags finally respond in a simultaneous manner or sequentially, their data being received by the described array of antennas of the reader device. Subsequently, the radiofrequency module (1 ) interprets the responses from said RFID tags and thereafter can transmit such data to a central processing unit of the information over a telematics network specifically implemented for the application in question, preferably by means of a wireless communications module.
  • the reader device has only one antenna with a phase distribution continuously variable by means of a phase-shifting device which generates a polarization voltage and applies it to said antenna, such polarization voltage being controlled by an oscillator.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la technologie d'identification par radiofréquence (RFID) applicable à l'identification automatique d'objets, de personnes ou d'animaux et plus précisément la lecture automatique d'étiquettes RFID et elle a en particulier pour objet d'induire les fluctuations appropriées dans le canal de radiofréquence qui est réglé entre chaque étiquette et le dispositif de lecture RFID correspondant, l'objectif étant de maximiser la probabilité que lesdites étiquettes RFID soient lues, indépendamment de leur disposition, c'est-à-dire sans fournir d'informations au préalable sur le canal. A cette fin, le dispositif de lecture de la présente invention, comprenant un module de radiofréquence (1), a au moins une antenne ou une rangée contenant une pluralité d'éléments de rayonnement (2), préparées pour émettre un signal d'interrogation en fonction d'un schéma de rayonnement (R) déplacé d'une façon prédéterminée, pour lire plus efficacement l'emplacement dans lequel les étiquettes du système RFID sont disposées.
PCT/EP2006/002416 2006-03-16 2006-03-16 Procede et dispositifs de lecture pour des systemes d'identification par radiofrequence WO2007104339A1 (fr)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009055279A1 (fr) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-30 The Stanley Works Système et procédé de sélection d'antennes rfid
WO2009097564A1 (fr) * 2008-01-30 2009-08-06 Franwell. Inc. Système d'antenne en réseau et algorithme applicable à des lecteurs rfid
CN103050755A (zh) * 2011-10-13 2013-04-17 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 M通道耦合器
CN103745327A (zh) * 2013-12-19 2014-04-23 柳州职业技术学院 一种基于物联网的高效率物流信息管理方法
WO2014066113A1 (fr) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-01 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Procédé et appareil pour commander un lecteur rfid
WO2015153100A1 (fr) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-08 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Antenne insensible à la polarisation alimentée localement pour un lecteur d'identification rfid et système d'identification rfid pour une telle antenne et procédé de balayage d'étiquettes d'élément avec une ou plusieurs pareilles antennes
CN106207489A (zh) * 2016-08-17 2016-12-07 重庆大学 基于物品定位的rfid阅读器天线阵列的排布优化方法
US9830486B2 (en) 2014-06-05 2017-11-28 Avery Dennison Retail Information Services, Llc RFID variable aperture read chamber crossfire
EP3264319A1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2018-01-03 Astra Gesellschaft Für Asset Management MbH&Co. Kg Dispositif de lecture d'un système de transpondeur émetteur et récepteur de zone uhf ou shf
US9922218B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2018-03-20 Avery Dennison Retail Information Services, Llc RFID isolation tunnel with dynamic power indexing
CN113723134A (zh) * 2021-11-01 2021-11-30 北京卓建智菡科技有限公司 一种rfid标签读取方法、装置及系统
US11714975B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2023-08-01 Avery Dennison Retail Information Services Llc High density read chambers for scanning and encoding RFID tagged items

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EP1544781A2 (fr) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-22 Fujitsu Limited Procédé de lecture d'étiquette d'identification et dispositif associé
US20050246247A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Lyon Geoff M Method and system for identifying RFID-tagged objects

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DE19542441A1 (de) * 1995-11-14 1997-05-15 Siemens Ag Antennenvorrichtung für ein Diebstahlschutzsystem
US20050024198A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2005-02-03 Ward William H. Impedance matching network and multidimensional electromagnetic field coil for a transponder interrogator
EP1139277A2 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 feig electronic Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Station de balayage
EP1544781A2 (fr) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-22 Fujitsu Limited Procédé de lecture d'étiquette d'identification et dispositif associé
US20050246247A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Lyon Geoff M Method and system for identifying RFID-tagged objects

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009055279A1 (fr) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-30 The Stanley Works Système et procédé de sélection d'antennes rfid
US8952815B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2015-02-10 Mark H. Smith Array antenna system and algorithm applicable to RFID readers
WO2009097564A1 (fr) * 2008-01-30 2009-08-06 Franwell. Inc. Système d'antenne en réseau et algorithme applicable à des lecteurs rfid
EP2245703A1 (fr) * 2008-01-30 2010-11-03 Franwell. Inc. Système d'antenne en réseau et algorithme applicable à des lecteurs rfid
CN102007645A (zh) * 2008-01-30 2011-04-06 弗兰威尔有限公司 适用于rfid读取器的阵列天线系统和算法
US10445538B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2019-10-15 Metrc Llc Array antenna system and algorithm applicable to RFID readers
EP2245703A4 (fr) * 2008-01-30 2013-07-24 Franwell Inc Système d'antenne en réseau et algorithme applicable à des lecteurs rfid
US8593283B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2013-11-26 Mark H. Smith Array antenna system and algorithm applicable to RFID readers
CN103050755B (zh) * 2011-10-13 2015-03-25 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 M通道耦合器
CN103050755A (zh) * 2011-10-13 2013-04-17 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 M通道耦合器
WO2014066113A1 (fr) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-01 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Procédé et appareil pour commander un lecteur rfid
CN103745327A (zh) * 2013-12-19 2014-04-23 柳州职业技术学院 一种基于物联网的高效率物流信息管理方法
WO2015153100A1 (fr) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-08 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Antenne insensible à la polarisation alimentée localement pour un lecteur d'identification rfid et système d'identification rfid pour une telle antenne et procédé de balayage d'étiquettes d'élément avec une ou plusieurs pareilles antennes
US9443121B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2016-09-13 Symbol Technologies, Llc Locally-powered, polarization-insensitive antenna for RFID reader, and RFID system for, and method of, scanning item tags with one or more such antennas
US9830486B2 (en) 2014-06-05 2017-11-28 Avery Dennison Retail Information Services, Llc RFID variable aperture read chamber crossfire
US11714975B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2023-08-01 Avery Dennison Retail Information Services Llc High density read chambers for scanning and encoding RFID tagged items
US9922218B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2018-03-20 Avery Dennison Retail Information Services, Llc RFID isolation tunnel with dynamic power indexing
US10331923B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2019-06-25 Avery Dennison Retail Information Services Llc RFID isolation tunnel with dynamic power indexing
EP3264319A1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2018-01-03 Astra Gesellschaft Für Asset Management MbH&Co. Kg Dispositif de lecture d'un système de transpondeur émetteur et récepteur de zone uhf ou shf
CN106207489A (zh) * 2016-08-17 2016-12-07 重庆大学 基于物品定位的rfid阅读器天线阵列的排布优化方法
CN113723134A (zh) * 2021-11-01 2021-11-30 北京卓建智菡科技有限公司 一种rfid标签读取方法、装置及系统

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