Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
  • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
  • A01N41/10—Sulfones; Sulfoxides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel drug combinations consisting of at least one known compound of formula (I) on the one hand and at least one other known active ingredient from the classes of benzoedicarboxylic, macrolides, Diacylhydrazine, carboxylates or other class and very good for controlling animal pests such as insects and unwanted acarids.
• Hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine
• Chlorfenapyr (known from EP-A 0 347 488)
• insecticidal activity of the active ingredient combination according to the invention is substantially higher than the sum of the effects of the individual active ingredients. There is an unpredictable true synergistic effect and not only an action supplement.
• the active compound combinations according to the invention contain, in addition to at least one active compound of the formula (I) in enantiomeric form or as a mixture of the two enantiomers in any ratio, at least one of the above-listed active compounds (2-1) to (2-14).
• the active compound combinations according to the invention preferably comprise one of the active compounds (Ia), (Ib) or (Ic) and one of the active ingredients (2-1) to (2-14) listed above individually.
• the combinations according to the invention comprise an active compound of the formula (I) and one of the active compounds (2-1) to (2-14) in the following preferred and particularly preferred mixing ratios:
• Particularly preferred mixing ratio 25: 1 to 1:25
• the mixing ratios are based on weight ratios.
• the ratio is to be understood as the active ingredient of the formula (I): Active ingredient (2-1) to (2-14).
• the active compound combinations according to the invention are suitable for plant tolerance, favorable warm-blooded toxicity and good environmental compatibility for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing crop yields, improving the quality of the crop and for controlling pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and mollusks m in agriculture, horticulture, livestock, forests, gardens and recreational facilities, in storage and material protection, and in the hygiene sector. They can preferably be used as crop protection agents. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development.
• the above mentioned pests include:
• Anoplura e.g. Damahma spp., Haematopinus spp., Lmognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Tnchodectes spp.
• arachnids e.g. Acarus siro, Acena sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Cho ⁇ optes spp., Dermanyssus gallmae, Eotetranychus spp., Epit ⁇ merus py ⁇ , Eutetranychus spp.
• Ephophes spp Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Ohgonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora,
• Diptera e.g. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calhphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochhomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp, Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Li ⁇ omyza spp.
• Gastropoda e.g. Arion spp., Biomphala ⁇ a spp., Buhnus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succmea spp.
• helminths e.g. Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp, Asca ⁇ s lub ⁇ coides, Asca ⁇ s spp., Brugia malayi,
• Brugia timo ⁇ Brugia timo ⁇ , Bunostomum spp, Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Coope ⁇ a spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus f ⁇ la ⁇ a, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medmensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicula ⁇ s, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp.
• Heterakis spp. Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp, Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp, Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomes spp, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercorahs, Stronyloides spp,
• Taema sagmata Taenia solium, T ⁇ chinella spirahs, Tmpchmella nativa, T ⁇ chmella b ⁇ tovi, T ⁇ chinella nelsoni, T ⁇ chmella pseudopsiralis, T ⁇ chostrongulus spp., T ⁇ chuns t ⁇ churia, Wuchere ⁇ a bancrofti.
• protozoa such as Eime ⁇ a
• Eime ⁇ a protozoa
• Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp.
• Orthoptera e.g. Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.
• siphonaptera e.g. Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.
• Symphyla e.g. Scutigerella immaculata.
• Thysanoptera e.g. Basothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips spp.
• Thysanura e.g. Lepisma saccharina.
• the plant parasitic nematodes include, for example, Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp.
• the active compound combinations according to the invention may optionally also be used in certain concentrations or application rates as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents for improving plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including anti-viral agents) or as anti-MLO agents ( Mycoplasma-like-organism) and RLO (Rickettsia-like-organism). If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of further active ingredients.
• plants and parts of plants can be treated.
• plants are understood as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
• Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or can not be protected by plant breeders' rights.
• Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all aboveground and underground parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, by way of example leaves, needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds and roots, tubers and rhizomes.
• the plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, such as cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.
• the treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active compound combinations takes place directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, e.g. by dipping, spraying, evaporating, atomizing, spreading, brushing, injecting and in propagating material, in particular in seeds, further by single or multilayer coating.
• the active compound combinations can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, scattering granules, suspension-emulsion concentrates, active substance-impregnated natural products, active ingredient Impregnated synthetic materials, fertilizers and Feinstverkapselitch in polymeric materials.
• customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, scattering granules, suspension-emulsion concentrates, active substance-impregnated natural products, active ingredient Impregnated synthetic materials, fertilizers and Feinstverkapselitch in polymeric materials.
• formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, ie liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, ie emulsifiers and / or Dispersants and / or foaming agents.
• extenders ie liquid solvents and / or solid carriers
• surface-active agents ie emulsifiers and / or Dispersants and / or foaming agents.
• surface-active agents ie emulsifiers and / or Dispersants and / or foaming agents.
• Excipients which can be used are those which are suitable for imparting special properties to the composition itself and / or preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquor, seed dressing), such as certain technical properties and / or specific biological properties.
• Typical auxiliaries are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
• polar and non-polar organic chemical liquids e.g. from the classes of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), alcohols and polyols (which may also be substituted, etherified and / or esterified), ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), Esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, simple and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide).
• aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes
• alcohols and polyols which may also be substituted, etherified and / or esterified
• ketones such
• Aromatics such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g. Petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
• chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g. Petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as but
• Suitable solid carriers are:
• ammonium salts and ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates, as solid carriers for granules in question: eg broken and fractionated natural rocks such Calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks;
• suitable emulsifiers and / or foam formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates and protein hydrolysates; suitable
• oligo- or polymers for example starting from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and / or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly) alcohols or (poly) amines.
• lignin and its sulfonic acid derivatives simple and modified celluloses, aromatic and / or aliphatic sulfonic acids and their adducts with formaldehyde.
• Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-type polymers such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids may be used in the formulations.
• Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
• inorganic pigments e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
• additives may be fragrances, mineral or vegetable optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (also trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
• Stabilizers such as cold stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other chemical and / or physical stability-improving agents may also be present.
• the formulations generally contain between 0.01 and 98% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
• the active compound combinations according to the invention can be present in commercial formulations and in the formulations prepared from these formulations in admixture with other active ingredients, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances or herbicides.
• active ingredients such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances or herbicides.
• the insecticides include, for example, phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, carboxylic acid esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylureas, microorganism-produced substances and the like.
• a mixture with other known active substances, such as herbicides or with fertilizers and growth regulators is possible.
• the active compound combinations according to the invention can furthermore be present when used as insecticides in their commercial formulations and in the formulations prepared from these formulations in admixture with synergists.
• Synergists are compounds that increase the effect of the active ingredients without the added synergist itself having to be active.
• the active substance content of the application forms prepared from the commercial formulations can vary within wide ranges.
• the active ingredient concentration of the use forms may be from 0.00000001 up to 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.00001 and 1% by weight.
• the application is done in a custom forms adapted to the application forms.
• plants and their parts can be treated.
• wild-type or plant species obtained by conventional biological breeding methods such as crossing or protoplast fusion
• plant cultivars and their parts are treated.
• transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated.
• the terms "parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” have been explained above.
• Plant varieties are understood as meaning plants having new traits which have been bred by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be varieties, biotypes and genotypes.
• the treatment according to the invention may also give rise to superadditive ("synergistic") effects.
• superadditive for example, reduced application rates and / or extensions of the activity spectrum and / or enhancement of the effect of the substances and agents that can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering efficiency, easier harvesting, acceleration of ripeness, higher crop yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher shelf life and / or machinability of the harvested products possible, which go beyond the actual expected effects.
• transgenic plants or plant species include all plants that received genetic engineering material through the genetic modification, which gives these plants particularly advantageous valuable properties ("traits").
• traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness or to bottoms, increased flowering, easier harvest, acceleration of ripeness, higher crop yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value harvesting products, higher storage capacity and / or workability of the harvested products
• microbial pests such as insects, mites, plant-pathogenic fungi, bacteria and / or viruses and an increased Tolerance of the plants against certain herbicidal active substances.
• transgenic plants are the important crops such as cereals (wheat, rice), corn, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, peas and other vegetables, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and Grapes), with special emphasis on maize, soya, potato, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape.
• Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and snails by toxins produced in the plants, in particular those produced by the genetic material from Bacillus Thurmgiensis (eg by the genes Cry ⁇ A (a) , Cry ⁇ A (b), Cry ⁇ A (c), CryHA, CrylHA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF and combinations thereof) in the plants (hereinafter "Bt plants”).
• Bacillus Thurmgiensis eg by the genes Cry ⁇ A (a) , Cry ⁇ A (b), Cry ⁇ A (c), CryHA, CrylHA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF and combinations thereof
• Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defense of plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic accumulation resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexia, ehcitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
• SAR systemic accumulation resistance
• Properties continue to be particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidal active compounds, for example Imidazohnonen, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or Phosphinot ⁇ cm (eg "PAT" gene).
• the genes which confer the desired properties can also occur in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants.
• Bt plants are maize varieties, cotton varieties, soybean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (eg corn, cotton, soy), KnockOut® (eg corn), StarLmk® (eg maize), Bollgard ® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato).
• YIELD GARD® eg corn, cotton, soy
• KnockOut® eg corn
• StarLmk® eg maize
• Bollgard ® cotton
• Nucotn® cotton
• NewLeaf® potato
• herbicide-tolerant plants are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soybean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate eg maize, cotton, soya), Liberty Link® (tolerance to phosphinotrex, eg rapeseed), MI® (Tolerance to imidazoneone) and STS® (tolerance to sulfonylureas eg corn) to be expelled.
• Roundup Ready® tolerance to glyphosate eg maize, cotton, soya
• Liberty Link® tolerance to phosphinotrex, eg rapeseed
• MI® Tolerance to imidazoneone
• STS® tolerance to sulfonylureas eg corn
• the listed plants can be treated particularly advantageously with the active compound combinations according to the invention.
• the preferred ranges given above for the active substance combinations also apply to the treatment of these plants.
• Particularly emphasized is the plant treatment with the active ingredient combinations specifically mentioned in the present text.
• the Wirkstoffkombmationen invention not only against plant, hygiene and storage pests, but also in the veterinary sector against animal parasites (ecto- and endoparasites) such as ticks, leather ticks, mange mites, running mites, flies (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice , Hair, feathers and fleas.
• animal parasites ecto- and endoparasites
• ticks ecto- and endoparasites
• leather ticks such as ticks, leather ticks, mange mites, running mites, flies (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice , Hair, feathers and fleas.
• flies stinging and licking
• parasitic fly larvae such as ticks, leather ticks, mange mites, running mites, flies (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice , Hair, feathers and fleas.
• Nematocencena and Brachycerma e.g. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp, Culex spp., Simuhum spp., Eusimuhum spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp, Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp, Phihpomyia Spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morelha spp., Fannia spp., Glossma spp., Calhphora spp., Luciha spp., Chrysomyia spp.,
• siphon tapes e.g. Pulex spp., Ctenocephahdes spp., Xenopsylla spp, Ceratophyllus spp.
• Actinedida Prostigmata
• Acaridida e.g. Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornitrocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp , Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.
• the active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for controlling arthropods which are farm animals, such as e.g. Cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, bees, other pets such as e.g. Dogs, cats, caged birds, aquarium fish and so-called experimental animals, such. Hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice.
• arthropods are farm animals, such as e.g. Cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, bees, other pets such as e.g. Dogs, cats, caged birds, aquarium fish and so-called experimental animals, such. Hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice.
• the application of the active compound combinations according to the invention is carried out in the veterinary sector and animal husbandry in a known manner by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, infusions, drenches, granules, pastes, boilies, the feed-through process, suppositories, by parenteral Administration, for example by injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, etc.), implants, by nasal application, by dermal application in the form of, for example, dipping or bathing (dipping), spraying, pouring (pour-on and spot -on), washing, powdering and with the aid of active substance-containing moldings, such as collars, ear tags, tail marks, limb bands, holsters, marking devices, etc.
• enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, infusions, drenches, granules, pastes, boilies, the feed-through process, suppositories
• parenteral Administration for example by
• the active ingredient combinations When used for livestock, poultry, pets, etc., the active ingredient combinations may be used as formulations (for example, powders, emulsions, flowables) containing the active ingredients in an amount of 1 to 80% by weight, directly or after 100 to 10,000 dilution or use as a chemical bath.
• formulations for example, powders, emulsions, flowables
• the active ingredients in an amount of 1 to 80% by weight, directly or after 100 to 10,000 dilution or use as a chemical bath.
• the erfmdungswashen Wirkstoffkombmationen show a high m- insecticidal activity against insects that destroy technical materials.
• insects By way of example and preferably without limiting however, the following insects are mentioned:
• Hymenoptera such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur;
• Termites such as Kalotermes flavicolhs, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes mdicola, Reticuhtermes flavipes, Reticuhtermes santonensis, Reticuhtermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwmiensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus;
• Non-living materials such as preferably plastics, adhesives, glues, papers and cardboard, leather, wood, wood processing products and paints.
• the ready-to-use agents may optionally contain further insecticides and optionally one or more fungicides.
• active compound combinations according to the invention can be used as anti-allergy agents, in all or in combination with other active substances.
• Wirkstoffkombmationen are also suitable for controlling animal pests in household, hygiene and storage protection, in particular of insects, arachnids and mites, which occur in enclosed spaces, such as apartments, factories, offices, vehicle cabs, etc. You can fight all these pests or anything Combination with other active ingredients and excipients used in household insecticide products. They are effective against sensitive and resistant species and against all stages of development. These pests include:
• Anthrenus spp. From the order of Coleoptera, for example, Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus spp, Rhizopertha dommica, Sitophilus grana ⁇ us, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.
• Lepidoptera e.g. Achroia gsella, Galle ⁇ a mellonella, Plodia mterpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselhella.
• Ctenocephalides canis Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.
• Hymenoptera e.g. Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuhgmosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomo ⁇ um pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramo ⁇ um caespirum.
• Application is in aerosols, non-pressurized sprays, e.g. Pump and atomizer sprays, fog machines, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with cellulose or plastic evaporator plates, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller driven evaporators, energyless or passive evaporation systems, moth papers, moth cakes and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in litter or bait stations.
• Pump and atomizer sprays e.g. Pump and atomizer sprays, fog machines, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with cellulose or plastic evaporator plates, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller driven evaporators, energyless or passive evaporation systems, moth papers, moth cakes and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in litter or bait stations.
• a synergistic effect is always present in insecticides and acacitis, when the effect of the active ingredient combinations is greater than the sum of the effects of the individually applied active ingredients.
• the expected effect for a given combination of two drugs can be assessed by SR Colby, Weeds 15 . (1967), 20-22 are calculated as follows:
• X means the degree of killing, expressed in% of the untreated control, when using the active substance A at a rate of m g / ha or in a concentration of m ppm,
• Y means the degree of killing, expressed in% of the untreated control, when using the active ingredient B in an application rate of n g / ha or in a concentration of n ppm
• Active substances A and B in amounts of m and n g / ha or in a concentration of m and n ppm,
• the combination is over-additive in its kill, ie there is a synergistic effect.
• the actually observed kill rate must be greater than the expected kill rate (E) value calculated from the above formula.
• Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
• Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with larvae of the horseradish leaf beetle ⁇ Phaedon cochleariae) while the leaves are still moist.
• the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that no beetle larvae have been killed.
• the determined kill values are calculated according to the Colby formula (see page 1).
• Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
• Cabbage leaves ⁇ Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with larvae of the cabbage moth ⁇ Plutella xylostella) while the leaves are still moist.
• the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
• the determined kill values are calculated according to the Colby formula (see page 1).
• Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
• Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with larvae of the cabbage moth ⁇ Plutella xylostella) while the leaves are still moist.
• the destruction is determined in%. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
• the determined kill values are calculated according to the Colby formula (see page 1).
• Emulsifier 2 weight alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
• Cabbage leaves (Brassica olerace®) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with caterpillars of the sugar beet owl ⁇ Spodoptera exigua) while the leaves are still moist.
• the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
• the determined kill values are calculated according to the Colby formula (see page 1).
• Emulsifier 2 weight alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
• Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with caterpillars of the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) while the leaves are still moist.
• the kill m% is determined. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
• the determined kill values are calculated according to the Colby formula (see page 1).

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• 2007
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  • 2007-03-05 TW TW96107427A patent/TW200812487A/zh unknown
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