WO2007097517A1 - Appareil et procédé de composition adaptative d'incrustation en chrominance - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de composition adaptative d'incrustation en chrominance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007097517A1
WO2007097517A1 PCT/KR2006/005585 KR2006005585W WO2007097517A1 WO 2007097517 A1 WO2007097517 A1 WO 2007097517A1 KR 2006005585 W KR2006005585 W KR 2006005585W WO 2007097517 A1 WO2007097517 A1 WO 2007097517A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
chroma key
chroma
background screen
screen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2006/005585
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dong-Kyo Keum
Youn-Ki Jeong
Nako Ahn
Original Assignee
Upnon Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Upnon Co., Ltd. filed Critical Upnon Co., Ltd.
Priority to JP2008501825A priority Critical patent/JP2008527951A/ja
Publication of WO2007097517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007097517A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
    • H04N5/272—Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
    • H04N5/275—Generation of keying signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/74—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects
    • H04N9/75—Chroma key
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus and method and a computer-readable recording medium processing the method, and more particularly, to an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus and method which is capable of improving quality of a chroma key by actively adjusting the chroma key to various image conditions (for example, camera, illumination, direction, studio, etc.), and a computer readable recording medium processing the method.
  • Image conditions for example, camera, illumination, direction, studio, etc.
  • Color may be typically separated into brightness (or luma) and color difference (or chroma).
  • a chroma key is a kind of image compositing technique in which a particular chroma is specified as a key and pixels corresponding to the specified chroma in a main image are substituted with a different image.
  • a key means not a single chroma value but a range of chroma values in a chroma key execution algorithm.
  • a background screen is needed as the key in order to execute the chroma key, and displacement of chroma values of the background screen has to be small.
  • the background screen and an object all bodies distinguishable from the background screen, including men) have to be separated from each other.
  • a general chroma key composition apparatus generates a composes image by specifying a particular chroma as a key and substituting a background screen image in a photographed picture, which consists of an object image and the background screen image, with a different background image based on the specified chroma.
  • Fig. 2 shows a chroma distribution of the photographed picture. It is ideal if chroma components of the background screen image are completely separated from chroma components of the object image. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the chroma components of the background screen image are so biased to green color that the chroma components of the background screen image are completely separated from the chroma components of the object image.
  • the key is set based on a background screen chroma distribution, and a range of keying is set to be chroma-keyed around the set key.
  • the range of keying may have a indeterminate form, but typically has a diamond form centering around the key, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • prior conditions for a successful chroma key technology may include image quality, key separation, equipments, etc., which will be described in detailed below.
  • the chroma key technique is a technique to deal with an image
  • quality of a source image has to be high.
  • the quality of image depends greatly on a photographing technique, a photographing equipment, illumination, an actor's costume, condition and quality of the background screen, etc.
  • chroma key values of the background screen image have to be estimated in advance before the picture is photographed.
  • a visible chroma key value of the background screen image is different from a chroma key value of an image signal inputted through the camera.
  • chroma components of the background screen image may be changed due to the object, the illumination, the camera direction technique, etc., and a reference chroma value may also be changed accordingly. Therefore, it has to be so designed in advance that the reference chroma value is not changed.
  • the present invention has made to overcome the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus and method which is capable of improving quality of a chroma key by adjusting the chroma key to various image conditions (for example, camera, illumination, direction, studio, etc.), and a computer readable recording medium processing the method.
  • image conditions for example, camera, illumination, direction, studio, etc.
  • the present invention provides an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus comprising: an image input means that receives a photographed image and a background screen substitution image; a preprocessing means that scans the received images, space-divides the overall screen for each frame, generates a separate chroma key value for each of space division planes, traces change of the chroma key value, and generates a background screen chroma key based on the traced change of the chroma key value; a chroma keying processing means that processes chroma keying based on the chroma key, and substitutes pixels, which correspond to the background screen chroma key, with the background screen substitution image in the received image including an object image; and an image output means that outputs a composition of the object image and the background screen substitution image.
  • the adjustive chroma key composition apparatus further comprises a post-processing means that minimizes a common color region of the background screen image and the object image by additionally applying a luminance component when the chroma keying is processed.
  • the pre-processing means distinguishes the object image from the background screen image in a frame using a chroma key of a previous frame immediately before the frame.
  • the present invention provides an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus comprising: an image input means that receives a photographed image and a background screen substitution image; a pre-processing means that scans the received images, space-divides the overall screen for each frame, generates a separate chroma key value for each of space division planes, traces change of the chroma key value, and generates a background screen chroma key based on the traced change of the chroma key value; a chroma keying processing means that processes chroma keying based on the chroma key, and substitutes pixels, which correspond to the background screen chroma key, with the background screen substitution image in the received image including an object image; a post-processing means that minimizes a common color region (intersection) of the background screen image and the object image by applying a luminance component in addition to a chroma component when the chroma keying is processed; and an image output means that outputs a composition
  • the present invention provides an adjustive chroma key composition method comprising the steps of: receiving a photographed image and a background screen substitution image; scanning the received images, space-dividing the overall screen for each frame, generating a separate chroma key value for each of space division planes, tracing change of the chroma key value, and generating a background screen chroma key based on the traced change of the chroma key value; processing chroma keying based on the chroma key, and substituting pixels, which correspond to the background screen chroma key, with the background screen substitution image in the received image including an object image; and outputting a composition of the object image and the background screen substitution image.
  • the adjustive chroma key composition method further comprises minimizing a common color region (intersection) of the background screen image and the object image by applying a luminance component in addition to a chroma component when the chroma keying is processed.
  • the present invention provides a computer readable recording medium recorded with a program to cause a processor of an chroma key composition apparatus to perform an adjustive chroma key composition method comprising the steps of: receiving a photographed image and a background screen substitution image; scanning the received images, space-dividing the overall screen for each frame, generating a separate chroma key value for each of space division planes, tracing change of the chroma key value, and generating a background screen chroma key based on the traced change of the chroma key value; processing chroma keying based on the chroma key, and substituting pixels, which correspond to the background screen chroma key, with the background screen substitution image in the received image including an object image; and outputting a composition of the object image and the background screen substitution image.
  • an unskilled man who can not well understand the chroma key technology can simply compose an image without using expensive equipment and direction capability, which results in ease implementation of the chroma key and reduction of total costs for implementation of the chroma key (inexpensive camera, inexpensive screen, no studio cost, no illumination cost, in- expensive chroma key equipment, no skilled man power, etc.).
  • the adjustive chroma key composition apparatus is capable of creating demands for entertainment in toyshops, singing rooms furnished with karaokes, self-photographing rooms, etc., in addition to existing broadcasting, movie, virtual reality systems.
  • this apparatus can be used in driving, training simulations or broadcastings (individual broadcastings, small Internet broadcasting stations, video freelances, etc.) Brief Description of the Drawings
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing a configuration of a general chroma key composition apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 is an explanatory view showing an ideal chroma distribution of a picture.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a conventional chroma key composition process.
  • FIGs. 4 and 5 are explanatory views showing a conventional chroma keying process.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a chroma key composition process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 are explanatory views showing a chroma key automatic adjustment process of an adjustive chroma key composition method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 10 and 11 are explanatory views showing a real time chroma key generation process of the adjustive chroma key composition method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 12 to 14 are explanatory views showing a space division chroma key application process of the adjustive chroma key composition method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 15 to 17 are explanatory views showing a luminance-based chroma key application process of the adjustive chroma key composition method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a chroma key technique of the present invention is capable of improving the quality of chroma key by intelligently adjusting the chroma key through an improved algorithm, with conditions of such equipments and direction unchanged.
  • a home camcoder or a monitoring camera may be used for the chroma key without requiring an expensive broadcasting camera.
  • the chroma key technique of the present invention may be used not only sturdios but also in any places, for example, offices, living rooms, study rooms, etc.
  • the chroma key technique of the present invention has little dependency on kind and position of an illuminator and may be used if only illumination so sufficient as to make objects distinguishable from each other is present.
  • the chroma key technique of the present invention can well cope with diverse environments, movement of objects and overlapping colors without requiring separate direction.
  • the chroma key technique of the present invention can make a chroma key application image in real time without requiring separate later work.
  • a chroma key composition apparatus (see Fig. 7) of the present invention is under a state where information related to preconditions and a chroma key is unknown.
  • FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an adjustive chroma key composition apparatus includes an image input part 61 through which a photographed image and a background screen substitution image are inputted, a preprocessing part 62 that scans the inputted images, traces change of a chroma key value every frame, generates a chroma key based on the traced change of the chroma key value, a chroma keying processing part 63 that performs a chroma keying process based on the generated chroma key for substituting pixels, which correspond to a background screen chroma key, in the inputted image containing an object image with the background screen substitution image, and an image output part 65 that outputs a composition image including the object image and the background screen substitution image.
  • the adjustive chroma key composition apparatus may further include a post-processing part 64 that applies a luma component in addition to the chroma component to minimize a common region (intersection) of the object
  • the pre-processing part 62 may further include a function of space- dividing the overall screen for each frame and generating a separate chroma key for each division plane.
  • the pre-processing part 62 performs a chroma key automatic adjustment process
  • the chroma key automatic adjustment process (Figs. 8 and 9) is a process of recognizing a chroma key value of the background screen image without specifying the chroma key value in advance. That is, this process can calculate an optimal chroma key value even under any places, any illumination, any cameras and any screens. Specifically, under a state where only the background screen is photographed, when an automatic adjustment button is pushed (Step 701), an overall image is scanned (Step 702), values close to particular RGB color are extracted (Steps 703 and 704), and a chroma key value is generated (Step 705). For example, the chroma key value is calculated with a sample extracted for green color.
  • an object image and a screen image of a picture photographed under poor surroundings appear to have different colors in different conditions, for example, when an illuminator is changed from a fluorescent lamp to a glow lamp or a closed curtain is opened, when an automatic exposure function of a camera operates, when the object disappears or a different object appears, etc.
  • chroma keying can not be obtained with an initial chroma key value of the screen, or although it is possible, quality of chroma keying may be deteriorated.
  • the real time chroma key generation process (Figs. 10 and 11) is a process of obtaining the chroma key value of the screen for each frame by scanning the screen in real time (trace of change of the chroma key value).
  • This process uses an initial chroma key value of a frame and a chroma key value of a previous frame to distinguish the object image from the screen image in each frame.
  • Step 801 when the chroma key value is generated for each frame, if there is no chroma key value of the previous frame (Step 801), the chroma key value of the previous frame is generated and stored through the chroma key automatic adjustment process (Step 802) (see Figs. 9).
  • Step 802 if there exists a chroma key value of the previous frame (Step 801), the screen is scanned (Step 803), pixels expected to form the screen are sampled using the chroma key value of the previous frame (Step 804), and then the chroma key value of the frame is generated with screen candidate pixels (step 805). Thereafter, the chroma key process is performed (Step 806).
  • Step 806 the space division chroma key application process will be described with reference to Figs, 12 to 14.
  • the screen may have an ununiform color distribution depending on position or reflection of illumination, or conditions of the object.
  • each space division plane has a uniform color distribution.
  • Step 902 when the chroma key value is generated for each frame, the screen is scanned (Step 902) and a chroma key value of the same space division plane of a previous frame is loaded for a new frame (Step 903), a screen candidate is sampled based on the chroma key value of the previous frame (Step 904) and then is further sampled based on color characteristics of the screen (Step 905), and then, a chroma key value of the new frame (Step 906). Thereafter, the chroma keying process is performed (Step 907).
  • the post-processing part 64 performs a luminance-based chroma key application process (Figs. 15 to 17).
  • a chromatic color region is divided into 6 representative colors: magenta (M), blue (B), cyan (C), green (G), yellow (Y), and red (R).
  • color is represented using a YCbCr method of representing color using luminance (Y) and color difference signals Cb and Cr, instead of an ordinary RGB method of representing color by mixing three primary colors: red (R), green (G) and blue (B).
  • the chroma key refers to a chroma-based keying technique. Accordingly, if keys have the same chroma component although they have different luminance components, they are recognized as the same key. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 15, when there exists a common region (intersection) of the screen and the object, the conventional chroma key technique recognizes this region as the screen.
  • the improved luma-based chroma key technique does not treat all the same chroma regions as the screen region.
  • the common region (intersection) of the screen and the object may be minimized by applying the lima component in addition to the chroma component.
  • Step 101 After a chroma keying process is performed for a picture (in the unit of pixel) inputted from a camera (Step 101), the inputted picture is maintained for an object region (Steps 102 and 103), and pixels, which correspond to the background screen chroma key, are substituted with a background screen substitution image for a screen region in the inputted picture including the object image (Steps 102 and 104).
  • the common region (intersection) of the screen and the object can be minimized by applying the lima component in addition to the chroma component (Step 105).
  • the above-described adjustive chroma key composition method can be implemented by a program that can be stored in a computer readable recording medium (for example, a CD-ROM, a RAM, a ROM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magneto- optical disk, etc.).
  • a computer readable recording medium for example, a CD-ROM, a RAM, a ROM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magneto- optical disk, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
  • Studio Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de composition adaptative d'incrustation en chrominance comprenant: un moyen d'entrée d'image qui reçoit une image photographiée et une image de remplacement d'écran d'arrière-plan; un moyen de prétraitement qui balaie les images reçues; divise spatialement l'écran entier pour chaque trame, génère une valeur d'incrustation en chrominance séparée pour chacun des plans de division spatiale, suit la modification de la valeur d'incrustation en chrominance, et génère une incrustation en chrominance d'écran d'arrière-plan sur la base de la modification suivie de la valeur d'incrustation en chrominance; un moyen de traitement d'incrustation en chrominance qui traite l'incrustation en chrominance sur la base de l'incrustation en chrominance, et remplace des pixels, qui correspondent à l'incrustation en chrominance d'écran d'arrière-plan, l'image de remplacement d'écran d'arrière-plan dans l'image reçue comprenant une image d'objet; un moyen de post-traitement qui réduit au minimum une zone de couleur commune (intersection) de l'image d'écran d'arrière-plan et de l'image d'objet par application d'une composante de luminance en plus d'une composante chromatique lorsque l'incrustation en chrominance est traitée; et un moyen de sortie d'image qui sort une composition de l'image d'objet et de l'image de remplacement d'écran d'arrière-plan.
PCT/KR2006/005585 2006-02-27 2006-12-20 Appareil et procédé de composition adaptative d'incrustation en chrominance WO2007097517A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008501825A JP2008527951A (ja) 2006-02-27 2006-12-20 適応形クロマキー合成装置及びその方法

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KR10-2006-0018771 2006-02-27
KR1020060018771A KR100661528B1 (ko) 2006-02-27 2006-02-27 적응형 크로마키 합성 장치 및 그 방법

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Cited By (1)

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EP3358824A1 (fr) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé de remplacement de contenus d'image

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KR101450580B1 (ko) 2008-11-19 2014-10-14 삼성전자주식회사 이미지 합성 방법 및 장치
KR101212026B1 (ko) 2012-03-09 2012-12-13 이현주 적응 크로마키 영상 합성 장치 및 방법

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JPH05336539A (ja) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd キー信号生成方法および装置
US5838310A (en) * 1996-05-17 1998-11-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Chroma-key signal generator
WO1998037702A1 (fr) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-27 Sony Corporation Dispositif et procede de traitement de signaux video, dispositif synthetiseur d'images, et dispositif d'edition
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3358824A1 (fr) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé de remplacement de contenus d'image
US10412322B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2019-09-10 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method of replacing image content

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KR100661528B1 (ko) 2006-12-27

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