WO2007097314A1 - Emergency power supply system using fuel cell - Google Patents

Emergency power supply system using fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007097314A1
WO2007097314A1 PCT/JP2007/053063 JP2007053063W WO2007097314A1 WO 2007097314 A1 WO2007097314 A1 WO 2007097314A1 JP 2007053063 W JP2007053063 W JP 2007053063W WO 2007097314 A1 WO2007097314 A1 WO 2007097314A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
fuel cell
power supply
emergency
load
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2007/053063
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takuo Nishiyama
Takeru Ibuka
Yukihiro Kawaji
Original Assignee
Nippon Oil Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Oil Corporation filed Critical Nippon Oil Corporation
Priority to KR1020087023074A priority Critical patent/KR101367490B1/en
Publication of WO2007097314A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007097314A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04626—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an emergency power supply system using a fuel cell.
  • the present invention is used in conjunction with a system power supply in order to supply power to a load in a normal state.
  • the present invention relates to an emergency power system that can supply fuel cell power to a load.
  • fuel cells have been deployed as distributed power supply devices at locations of electric power consumers, ie, electric power consumers, and electric power distributed from electric power companies, ie, electric power from grid power sources and electric power from fuel cells.
  • the distributed power supply system that combines power consumption to cover the power consumption of the power consumers is attracting attention!
  • On the electric power company side multiple power generation facilities, multiple substation facilities, and distribution facilities for connecting these power generation facilities and substation facilities to supply power to a large number of consumers are provided.
  • the substation facilities are operated so as to maintain harmony as a whole, and these facilities on the power supplier side are collectively called the grid power supply.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a conventional power supply system for using a distributed power supply by a fuel cell in connection with a system power supply.
  • a fuel cell system 81 that includes a fuel cell as a distributed power source and outputs AC power is provided, and the output of the fuel cell system 81 is connected to a distribution board 82.
  • the distribution board 82 is also connected to the system power supply, and supplies the AC power from the system power supply and the AC power of the fuel cell system 81 to the load via the same distribution line.
  • the fuel cell system 81 includes a fuel cell 91 and a power conditioner (PCS) 92 that converts the DC power generated by the fuel cell 91 into AC power and outputs the AC power.
  • the fuel cell 91 includes a reformer that generates hydrogen by reforming a fuel that has hydrocarbon power, such as kerosene or LPG (liquid meteorite oil gas),
  • a fuel cell main body that generates electricity by being supplied with hydrogen and oxygen (or air) is provided.
  • the fuel cell main body includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode to which hydrogen and oxygen are supplied, respectively, and an electrolyte membrane that is disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and is permeable to hydrogen ions.
  • the power conditioner 92 converts the DC power from the fuel cell 91 into AC power so as to be linked to AC power on the system power supply side input via the distribution board 82.
  • the fuel cell that is, the reformer or the fuel cell main body
  • various auxiliary devices such as a heater and a pump.
  • the electric power for operating the heater and the pump is supplied from the power conditioner 92 to the fuel cell. It has come to be given to.
  • the fuel cell system 81 If the fuel cell system 81 enters a steady operation state, a part of the power generated by the fuel cell 91 can be used as power for the heater and pump. However, when the fuel cell system 81 itself starts up (starts up), the fuel cell 91 still starts generating power, so the system power supply power is also input to the power conditioner 92 via the distribution board 82. Force to get power to operate heaters and pumps
  • the distributed power supply when the distributed power supply is connected to the system power supply as described above, the power generated by the distributed power supply should not be adversely affected on the system power supply side.
  • what should be done to prevent negative effects on the grid power supply is, for example, the “Grid Grid Guidelines” compiled by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in Japan.
  • the distributed power supply should be disconnected from the system power supply. If a distributed power supply is operating in the event of a power failure on the system power supply side, the power distribution line or distribution network on the system power supply side, which is not originally charged, is charged by the distributed power supply because it is out of power.
  • the fuel cell Since the fuel cell operates as long as fuel is present regardless of weather conditions, etc., it is an emergency when a disaster such as an earthquake occurs and a power outage in the system power supply is expected to continue. It is a promising power source.
  • a distributed power supply is used in conjunction with the grid power supply, if there is a power failure on the grid power supply side due to security reasons, as described above, the distributed power supply will stop. Therefore, even a distributed power source that uses a fuel cell cannot be used as an emergency power source.
  • the power supplied from the system power supply is generally used as the power required for restarting the fuel cell. In the event of a power failure, the fuel cell cannot be restarted.
  • an object of the present invention is a distributed power supply system having a fuel cell and connected to a system power supply, and operates as a distributed power supply when the system power supply is normally operated.
  • the purpose is to provide an emergency power supply system that can be used as an emergency power supply even when the grid power supply fails.
  • An emergency power supply system of the present invention is an emergency power supply system having a fuel cell system that is connected to a system power supply and includes a fuel cell and a power conditioner, and includes direct current power between the fuel cell and the power conditioner.
  • This is an emergency power supply system that can connect a secondary battery to this path, and that can start a fuel cell with DC power stored in the secondary battery.
  • Such an emergency power supply system is, for example, an emergency power supply system including a fuel cell system that is connected to a system power supply and includes a fuel cell and a power conditioner.
  • the power conditioner detects a power failure of the system power supply
  • the power conditioner stops the operation of the fuel cell and sends a power failure detection signal to the circuit breaker to open the circuit breaker.
  • the fuel cell can be started with power from the secondary battery, and after the fuel cell is started, the fuel cell system power is also supplied with AC power to the distribution board. It is a stem.
  • the emergency power supply system described above is configured to start the fuel cell system and supply only the power from the fuel cell system to the load in the event of a power failure of the system power supply.
  • the rated output of the fuel cell system is limited, if the load connected to the distribution board is a normal load and an emergency load, both loads will be applied when the grid power supply is operating normally.
  • power is preferably supplied only to the emergency load.
  • the load capacity of the emergency load is preferably less than the rated output of the fuel cell system.
  • the operation of the fuel cell system is stopped, and then the circuit breaker is returned to the conductive state, and the circuit breaker is in the conductive state. It is preferable that the fuel cell system is restarted after being returned to. In order to realize such a restart, it is possible to further provide a control circuit for controlling the return of the circuit breaker to the open state force conduction state and generating a command for the power conditioner.
  • the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as a fuel. It is preferable to use what to do.
  • the emergency power supply system of the present invention is connected to the system power supply in normal times, and can be operated as an emergency power supply in an emergency such as a disaster, and is useful in both normal times and emergency times.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional power supply system.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an emergency power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an emergency power supply system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an emergency power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This emergency power supply system is connected to the system power supply, and includes a fuel cell system 11 that outputs AC power as a distributed power supply.
  • a distribution board 14 for supplying the power to the load and a secondary battery 16 are provided.
  • Distribution board 14 includes bus 31 to which the output of fuel cell system 11 is connected, circuit breaker 32 provided between distribution line 39 and bus 31 connected to the system power source, bus 31 and the load. It is equipped with switches 34 and 35 installed between the two.
  • PCS power conditioner
  • the circuit breaker 32 trips to an open state (that is, a disconnected state). In other words, the circuit breaker 32 is connected to the bus 31 Is configured to automatically disconnect from the system power supply side.
  • a normal load 41 that needs to be supplied power only when the system power supply is operating, and a system power supply as well as when the system power supply is operating. It is assumed that there are two types of emergency load 42 to which power should be supplied even during a power outage.
  • the normal load 41 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 34, and the emergency load 42 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 35.
  • AC power from the grid power source and AC power from the fuel cell system 11 are supplied to each load 41, 42 via the distribution board 14 and the same in-house distribution line. It has become so.
  • the fuel cell system 11 includes a fuel cell 12 including a reformer that reforms fuel to generate hydrogen, and a fuel cell main body that is supplied with the hydrogen and oxygen (air) to generate power, and a fuel cell. And a power conditioner 13 for converting the DC power generated in 12 into AC power and outputting it.
  • a fuel cell 12 including a reformer that reforms fuel to generate hydrogen
  • a fuel cell main body that is supplied with the hydrogen and oxygen (air) to generate power
  • a fuel cell for example, kerosene, LPG (liquid petroleum gas), or natural gas is used as the fuel. Therefore, the fuel cell system 11 has a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as fuel.
  • the power used for the reformer and fuel cell body is the same as that used in the conventional system shown in Fig. 1. Particularly in this embodiment, various auxiliary devices (pumps and heaters) of the fuel cell are used. Are driven by DC power.
  • the power conditioner 13 is the same as the power conditioner 92 used in the conventional power supply system shown in Fig. 1, but the power conditioner 13 in the emergency power supply system shown in Fig. 2 is used.
  • a method of detecting a power failure on the system power source side in the power conditioner 13 a method generally used at present in a power conditioner of a distributed power source linked to the system power source can be used.
  • the secondary battery 16 is connected to a conductor through which DC power is transmitted between the fuel cell 12 and the power conditioner 13, and the fuel cell 12 is supplied from the power conditioner 13. It is charged by direct current power. Since the fuel cell 12 itself is difficult to respond to a sudden change in load, when the load suddenly increases, in addition to the DC power of 12 fuel cells, the DC power stored in the secondary battery 16 is also powered. The AC power is converted into AC power by the conditioner 13 and supplied to the load. When the load suddenly decreases, the secondary battery 16 is charged by a part of the DC power of the fuel cell 12 power. This makes it possible to operate the emergency power system efficiently when the system is in a normal state. Further, the DC power stored in the secondary battery 16 can be used as power for starting the fuel cell 12.
  • the fuel cell 12 cannot be started depending on the power conditioner 13 that is not supplied with power from the system power supply side. Even in this case, the power stored in the secondary battery 16 is used as fuel.
  • the fuel cell 12 can be started up and supplied with direct current from the fuel cell 12 by supplying each auxiliary device (such as a pump heater) of the battery 12.
  • a secondary battery 16 for example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lead storage battery is used.
  • the circuit breaker 32 and the switches 34 and 35 are both closed and in a conductive state.
  • the AC power from the system power supply and the AC power from the fuel cell system 11 are connected. Electric power is supplied to the loads 41 and 42 via the distribution board 14.
  • the power power system power for starting the fuel cell system 11 is also supplied to the power conditioner 13. Further, charging / discharging of the secondary battery 16 is controlled so as to be at a predetermined charging level or higher.
  • the predetermined charging level is a charging level at which all of the electric power necessary for starting the fuel cell 12 can be supplied from the secondary battery 16.
  • the fuel cell 12 is restarted, and the supply of AC power to the emergency load 42 is resumed.
  • FIG. 3 shows an emergency power system with such a control circuit.
  • the emergency power supply system shown in FIG. 3 is different from the emergency power supply system shown in FIG. 2 in that a control circuit 36 is provided in the distribution board 14.
  • the control circuit 36 can return the circuit breaker 32 in the distribution board 14 to the conductive state, can control the switches 34 and 35 in the distribution board 14, and can also control the power conditioner in the fuel cell system 11. It is configured to be able to issue commands to 13.
  • a signal line 37 is provided between the distribution board 14 and the power conditioner 13.
  • the control circuit 36 includes, for example, an abnormal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the emergency operation mode and a normal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the normal operation mode. If the emergency operation switch is operated with the power failure at the grid power source, tripping the circuit breaker 32 as described above, and stopping the supply of power from the fuel cell system 11 and the secondary battery 16, The control circuit 36 starts the fuel cell system 11 from the position where the switches 34 and 35 are opened, and automatically executes the above-described processing up to when the switch 35 is turned on. If the normal operation switch is operated in the emergency operation mode, the control circuit 36 confirms that the system power supply has been restored, and then stops the fuel cell system 11 and turns on the circuit breaker 32. To the restart of the fuel cell system and switch 34 are automatically executed. By providing such a control circuit 36, the operation of the emergency power supply system according to the present invention can be easily performed.
  • an abnormal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the emergency operation mode
  • a normal operation switch that is a

Abstract

An emergency power supply system has a fuel cell system and is linked to a system power supply so that when the system power supply stops, power can be supplied from the fuel cell system to a load. A secondary cell is connected in a DC power supply path between the fuel cell and a power conditioner in the fuel cell system. When the power conditioner detects stop of the system power supply and the fuel cell stops, the fuel cell can be restarted by DC power accumulated in the secondary cell. The DC power supplied from the fuel cell after restart is converted into AC power by the power conditioner and supplied to an emergency load in the state disconnected from the system power supply.

Description

明 細 書  Specification
燃料電池を用いた非常電源システム  Emergency power supply system using fuel cell
技術分野  Technical field
[0001] 本発明は、燃料電池を用いた非常電源システムに関し、特に、通常時には負荷に 電力を供給するために系統電源に連系して使用され、系統電源側での停電時には 系統電源力 解列して燃料電池力 の電力を負荷に供給することが可能な非常電源 システムに関する。  TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to an emergency power supply system using a fuel cell. In particular, the present invention is used in conjunction with a system power supply in order to supply power to a load in a normal state. The present invention relates to an emergency power system that can supply fuel cell power to a load.
背景技術  Background art
[0002] 近年、電力消費家すなわち電力の需要家の場所において、分散電源装置として燃 料電池を配備し、電気事業者からの配電される電力すなわち系統電源からの電力と 燃料電池からの電力とを組み合わせてその電力消費家における電力消費を賄うよう にした分散型の電源システムが注目を集めて!/、る。電力事業者側では複数の発電 設備と複数の変電設備とこれらの発電設備及び変電設備を接続して電力を多数の 需要家に供給するための配電設備とが設けられ、発電設備、変電設備及び変電設 備が全体として調和を保つように運用されており、電力事業者側のこれらの設備を全 体として系統電源と呼んで 、る。  [0002] In recent years, fuel cells have been deployed as distributed power supply devices at locations of electric power consumers, ie, electric power consumers, and electric power distributed from electric power companies, ie, electric power from grid power sources and electric power from fuel cells. The distributed power supply system that combines power consumption to cover the power consumption of the power consumers is attracting attention! On the electric power company side, multiple power generation facilities, multiple substation facilities, and distribution facilities for connecting these power generation facilities and substation facilities to supply power to a large number of consumers are provided. The substation facilities are operated so as to maintain harmony as a whole, and these facilities on the power supplier side are collectively called the grid power supply.
[0003] 燃料電池は直流電力を発生するが、電力消費家の宅内においては系統電源から の交流電力に重畳して負荷に配電する必要があるから、分散電源である燃料電池を 系統電源に連系させる必要がある。燃料電池を系統電源に連系させるために、燃料 電池が出力する直流電力を交流電力に変換し、その周波数や電圧を系統電源から の電力に適合させるパワーコンディショナ（PCS)が用いられる。パワーコンディショナ 力もの交流電力の出力線は、一般に、電力消費家の宅内に設けられる分電盤にお いて、系統電源側からの配電線に接続され、これによつて、電力消費家の宅内にあ る負荷に対して、燃料電池力 の交流電力と系統電源力 の交流電力とがー緒に供 給されるようになる。  [0003] Although fuel cells generate DC power, it is necessary to superimpose AC power from the system power supply and distribute it to the load in the home of the power consumer. Therefore, the fuel cell as a distributed power source is connected to the system power supply. It is necessary to make it. In order to link the fuel cell to the system power supply, a power conditioner (PCS) that converts the DC power output from the fuel cell into AC power and adapts its frequency and voltage to the power from the system power supply is used. In general, the output line of AC power with high power conditioner is connected to the distribution line from the grid power supply side in the distribution board installed in the power consumer's home, and this allows the power consumer's home to Fuel cell power AC power and grid power AC power will be supplied to a certain load.
[0004] 図 1は、このように燃料電池による分散電源を系統電源に連系させて使用するため の従来の電源システムの構成を示して 、る。 [0005] 分散電源として燃料電池を含み交流電力を出力する燃料電池システム 81が設けら れており、燃料電池システム 81の出力は分電盤 82に接続している。分電盤 82は、 系統電源にも接続し、系統電源力ゝらの交流電力と燃料電池システム 81の交流電力 を同一の配電線を介して負荷に供給する。 [0004] FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a conventional power supply system for using a distributed power supply by a fuel cell in connection with a system power supply. [0005] A fuel cell system 81 that includes a fuel cell as a distributed power source and outputs AC power is provided, and the output of the fuel cell system 81 is connected to a distribution board 82. The distribution board 82 is also connected to the system power supply, and supplies the AC power from the system power supply and the AC power of the fuel cell system 81 to the load via the same distribution line.
[0006] 燃料電池システム 81は、燃料電池 91と燃料電池 91で発電された直流電力を交流 電力に変換して出力するパワーコンディショナ (PCS) 92とを備えている。燃料電池 9 1は、図 1には示していないが、炭化水素力 なる燃料、例えば灯油や LPG (液ィ匕石 油ガス)などの燃料を改質して水素を生成する改質器と、この水素と酸素 (または空 気)とが供給されて発電する燃料電池本体とを備えている。燃料電池本体は、典型 的な燃料電池として、水素及び酸素がそれぞれ供給される負極及び正極と、負極及 び正極間に配置され水素イオンが透過可能な電解質膜とを備えて 、る。  [0006] The fuel cell system 81 includes a fuel cell 91 and a power conditioner (PCS) 92 that converts the DC power generated by the fuel cell 91 into AC power and outputs the AC power. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell 91 includes a reformer that generates hydrogen by reforming a fuel that has hydrocarbon power, such as kerosene or LPG (liquid meteorite oil gas), A fuel cell main body that generates electricity by being supplied with hydrogen and oxygen (or air) is provided. As a typical fuel cell, the fuel cell main body includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode to which hydrogen and oxygen are supplied, respectively, and an electrolyte membrane that is disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and is permeable to hydrogen ions.
[0007] パワーコンディショナ 92は、分電盤 82を介して入力する系統電源側の交流電力に 連系するように、燃料電池 91からの直流電力を交流電力に変換する。また、燃料電 池すなわち改質器や燃料電池本体を動作させるためには、ヒータによってこれらを所 定の温度範囲にまで昇温する必要があり、また、改質器に燃料を供給するためには 、ポンプを動作させる必要がある。このように燃料電池システム 81の運転のためには 、ヒータやポンプなどの各種の補機類を動作させる必要があり、ヒータやポンプなどを 動作させるための電力は、パワーコンディショナ 92から燃料電池に与えられるように なっている。燃料電池システム 81が定常運転状態に入ってしまえば、ヒータやポンプ のための電力としては、燃料電池 91が発電した電力の一部を使用することができる。 しかしながら、燃料電池システム 81自体の始動（立ち上げ）時には、燃料電池 91はま だ発電を開始して 、な 、ので、系統電源力も分電盤 82を介してパワーコンディショナ 92に入力する交流電力力 ヒータやポンプを動作させるための電力を得るようにする  [0007] The power conditioner 92 converts the DC power from the fuel cell 91 into AC power so as to be linked to AC power on the system power supply side input via the distribution board 82. In addition, in order to operate the fuel cell, that is, the reformer or the fuel cell main body, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the fuel cell to a predetermined temperature range by a heater, and to supply fuel to the reformer. It is necessary to operate the pump. As described above, in order to operate the fuel cell system 81, it is necessary to operate various auxiliary devices such as a heater and a pump. The electric power for operating the heater and the pump is supplied from the power conditioner 92 to the fuel cell. It has come to be given to. If the fuel cell system 81 enters a steady operation state, a part of the power generated by the fuel cell 91 can be used as power for the heater and pump. However, when the fuel cell system 81 itself starts up (starts up), the fuel cell 91 still starts generating power, so the system power supply power is also input to the power conditioner 92 via the distribution board 82. Force to get power to operate heaters and pumps
[0008] ところで系統電源に上述のようにして分散電源を連系させる場合、分散電源で発生 した電力によって系統電源側に悪影響が及ぼされることがな 、ようにしなければなら ない。系統電源に対して悪影響が及ぼされないようにするためにはどうすべきかは、 例えば、 日本国の経済産業省資源エネルギー庁がまとめた「系統連系ガイドライン」 に示されているが、特に、系統電源側において停電事故が発生した場合には、分散 電源を系統電源力 解列すべきことが定められている。系統電源側における停電事 故の際に分散電源が動作していると、停電中であるので本来は充電されていないは ずの系統電源側の配電線や配電網が分散電源によって充電されることとなり、停電 復旧等の作業における感電事故や、系統電源が正常状態に復帰する時に、系統電 源側での交流電力の位相と配電線側での位相が一致しないことによる故障の発生の おそれが生じるからである。また、分散電源力も電力が系統電源側に供給されている と、系統電源内での故障発生位置の探索が難しくなる。系統電源側の停電事故に際 して分散電源を系統電源力 解列するために、分散電源のパワーコンディショナは、 系統電源側からの電力供給が途絶えたことを検出した場合に、速やかにその分散電 源の動作を停止させ、さらに必要に応じて分散電源を配電線力 機械的なスィッチあ るいは遮断器によって切り離せるように構成されて 、る。 [0008] By the way, when the distributed power supply is connected to the system power supply as described above, the power generated by the distributed power supply should not be adversely affected on the system power supply side. For example, what should be done to prevent negative effects on the grid power supply is, for example, the “Grid Grid Guidelines” compiled by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in Japan. However, it is stipulated that, in the event of a power outage accident on the system power supply side, the distributed power supply should be disconnected from the system power supply. If a distributed power supply is operating in the event of a power failure on the system power supply side, the power distribution line or distribution network on the system power supply side, which is not originally charged, is charged by the distributed power supply because it is out of power. There is a risk of failure due to electric shock accidents during work such as power failure recovery, or when the phase of the AC power on the grid power supply side does not match the phase on the distribution line side when the grid power supply returns to a normal state. Because it occurs. In addition, if the distributed power supply is supplied to the system power supply side, it will be difficult to search for the location of the failure within the system power supply. In order to disconnect the distributed power supply from the grid power supply in the event of a power failure on the grid power supply side, the power conditioner of the distributed power supply promptly detects that the power supply from the grid power supply side has been interrupted. The operation of the distributed power supply is stopped, and the distributed power supply can be disconnected by a distribution line mechanical switch or circuit breaker as necessary.
発明の開示  Disclosure of the invention
発明が解決しょうとする課題  Problems to be solved by the invention
[0009] 燃料電池は、気象条件等によらずに燃料があり続ける限り動作するものであるから 、地震等の災害が発生して系統電源における停電が持続することが想定される場合 における非常用電源として有望なものである。し力しながら、分散電源を系統電源に 連系して使用している場合には、上述したように保安上等の理由により、系統電源側 で停電があった場合には分散電源の停止しなければならな 、ので、燃料電池を使用 する分散電源であってもそのまま非常用電源として使用できるわけではない。また、 燃料電池を一旦停止させた後にその燃料電池を再起動させようとしても、一般には 燃料電池の再起動に必要な電力として、系統電源から供給される電力を使用して 、 るので、系統電源の停電時には燃料電池の再起動も行えないこととなる。  [0009] Since the fuel cell operates as long as fuel is present regardless of weather conditions, etc., it is an emergency when a disaster such as an earthquake occurs and a power outage in the system power supply is expected to continue. It is a promising power source. However, if a distributed power supply is used in conjunction with the grid power supply, if there is a power failure on the grid power supply side due to security reasons, as described above, the distributed power supply will stop. Therefore, even a distributed power source that uses a fuel cell cannot be used as an emergency power source. In addition, even if an attempt is made to restart the fuel cell after it has been temporarily stopped, the power supplied from the system power supply is generally used as the power required for restarting the fuel cell. In the event of a power failure, the fuel cell cannot be restarted.
[0010] そこで本発明の目的は、燃料電池を有するとともに系統電源に連系する分散型の 電源システムであって、系統電源が通常に稼動している場合には分散電源として動 作するとともに、系統電源が停電となった場合においても非常用電源として使用でき る非常電源システムを提供することにある。  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is a distributed power supply system having a fuel cell and connected to a system power supply, and operates as a distributed power supply when the system power supply is normally operated. The purpose is to provide an emergency power supply system that can be used as an emergency power supply even when the grid power supply fails.
課題を解決するための手段 [0011] 本発明の非常電源システムは、系統電源に連系し燃料電池とパワーコンディショナ とを備える燃料電池システムを有する非常電源システムであって、燃料電池とパワー コンディショナとの間の直流電力の経路に二次電池を接続可能な非常電源システム であり、二次電池に蓄えられた直流電力によって燃料電池を始動可能である非常電 源システムである。 Means for solving the problem [0011] An emergency power supply system of the present invention is an emergency power supply system having a fuel cell system that is connected to a system power supply and includes a fuel cell and a power conditioner, and includes direct current power between the fuel cell and the power conditioner. This is an emergency power supply system that can connect a secondary battery to this path, and that can start a fuel cell with DC power stored in the secondary battery.
[0012] このような非常電源システムは、例えば、系統電源に連系し燃料電池とパワーコン ディショナとを備える燃料電池システムを有する非常電源システムであって、系統電 源に接続するとともに負荷に電力を供給する分電盤と、系統電源と分電盤との間に 設けられた遮断器と、燃料電池とパワーコンディショナとの間の直流電力の経路に接 続する二次電池と、を備え、パワーコンディショナにおいて系統電源の停電を検出し たときに、パワーコンデイショナは燃料電池の動作を停止させるとともに、停電検出信 号を遮断器に送出して遮断器を開放状態にし、遮断器が開放状態であるときに、二 次電池から電力によって燃料電池を始動でき、燃料電池の始動後は燃料電池シス テム力も分電盤に交流電力が供給されるようにした、非常電源システムである。  [0012] Such an emergency power supply system is, for example, an emergency power supply system including a fuel cell system that is connected to a system power supply and includes a fuel cell and a power conditioner. A distribution board for supplying power, a circuit breaker provided between the system power supply and the distribution board, and a secondary battery connected to a DC power path between the fuel cell and the power conditioner. When the power conditioner detects a power failure of the system power supply, the power conditioner stops the operation of the fuel cell and sends a power failure detection signal to the circuit breaker to open the circuit breaker. When the battery is open, the fuel cell can be started with power from the secondary battery, and after the fuel cell is started, the fuel cell system power is also supplied with AC power to the distribution board. It is a stem.
[0013] 上述した非常電源システムは、系統電源の停電時に、燃料電池システムを始動し て燃料電池システムからの電力のみを負荷に供給できるようにしたものである。しかし ながら、燃料電池システムの定格出力には限りがあるため、分電盤に接続される負荷 が通常負荷と非常負荷である場合には、系統電源が通常動作しているときは両方の 負荷に電力が供給され、遮断器が開放状態にあって燃料電池システムが始動した後 には、非常負荷のみに電力が供給されるようにすることが好ましい。非常負荷の負荷 容量は燃料電池システムの定格出力未満とすることが好ましい。  [0013] The emergency power supply system described above is configured to start the fuel cell system and supply only the power from the fuel cell system to the load in the event of a power failure of the system power supply. However, because the rated output of the fuel cell system is limited, if the load connected to the distribution board is a normal load and an emergency load, both loads will be applied when the grid power supply is operating normally. After power is supplied and the circuit breaker is open and the fuel cell system is started, power is preferably supplied only to the emergency load. The load capacity of the emergency load is preferably less than the rated output of the fuel cell system.
[0014] さらに本発明では、遮断器が開放状態にあるときに系統電源が復旧した場合に、 燃料電池システムの運転を停止し、その後、遮断器を導通状態に戻し、遮断器が導 通状態に戻された後に燃料電池システムを再始動するようにすることが好ましい。こ のような再始動を実現するために、遮断器の開放状態力 導通状態への復帰を制御 し、パワーコンディショナに対する指令を発生する制御回路をさらに設けることができ る。  [0014] Further, in the present invention, when the system power supply is restored when the circuit breaker is in the open state, the operation of the fuel cell system is stopped, and then the circuit breaker is returned to the conductive state, and the circuit breaker is in the conductive state. It is preferable that the fuel cell system is restarted after being returned to. In order to realize such a restart, it is possible to further provide a control circuit for controlling the return of the circuit breaker to the open state force conduction state and generating a command for the power conditioner.
[0015] 本発明にお ヽて、燃料電池システムとしては、炭化水素を燃料とする燃料電池を有 するものを用いることが好まし 、。 In the present invention, the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as a fuel. It is preferable to use what to do.
[0016] 本発明では、燃料電池とパワーコンディショナカもなる燃料電池システムを系統電 源に連系させた電源システムにおいて、系統電源が停電した場合にはー且は燃料 電池も停止するものの、その後、燃料電池システムに接続した二次電池力ゝらの電力 を用いて燃料電池を始動できるようにして 、るので、この燃料電池システムからの発 電した電力を負荷に供給できるようになる。したがって、本発明の非常電源システム は、平常時には系統電源に連系するとともに、災害などの非常時においては、非常 用電源として運転が可能であり、平常時及び非常時の両方において有用である。 図面の簡単な説明  [0016] According to the present invention, in a power supply system in which a fuel cell system that also serves as a fuel cell and a power conditioner is connected to the system power source, when the system power source fails, the fuel cell is also stopped. Since the fuel cell can be started using the power of the secondary battery connected to the fuel cell system, the power generated from the fuel cell system can be supplied to the load. Therefore, the emergency power supply system of the present invention is connected to the system power supply in normal times, and can be operated as an emergency power supply in an emergency such as a disaster, and is useful in both normal times and emergency times. Brief Description of Drawings
[0017] [図 1]図 1は、従来の電源システムの構成を示すブロック図である。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional power supply system.
[図 2]図 2は、本発明の実施の一形態の非常電源システムの構成を示すブロック図で ある。  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an emergency power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 3]図 3は、本発明の別の実施形態の非常電源システムの構成を示すブロック図で ある。  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an emergency power supply system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
発明を実施するための最良の形態  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0018] 次に、本発明の好ましい実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。  Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0019] 図 2は本発明の実施の一形態の非常電源システムを示している。この非常電源シス テムは、系統電源に対して連系するものであって、分散電源として、交流電力を出力 する燃料電池システム 11を備えるとともに、系統電源力ゝらの電力と燃料電池システム 11からの電力を負荷に供給するための分電盤 14と、二次電池 16とを備えている。  FIG. 2 shows an emergency power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This emergency power supply system is connected to the system power supply, and includes a fuel cell system 11 that outputs AC power as a distributed power supply. A distribution board 14 for supplying the power to the load and a secondary battery 16 are provided.
[0020] 分電盤 14は、燃料電池システム 11の出力が接続する母線 31と、系統電源に接続 する配電線 39と母線 31との間に設けられた遮断器 32と、母線 31と負荷との間に設 けられるスィッチ 34, 35を備えている。遮断器 32は、燃料電池システム 11内の後述 するパワーコンディショナ (PCS) 13から停電検出信号を受信した場合に、開放状態 (すなわち遮断状態）にトリップする、言い換えれば遮断器 32は、母線 31を自動的に 系統電源側から切り離すように構成されて 、る。  [0020] Distribution board 14 includes bus 31 to which the output of fuel cell system 11 is connected, circuit breaker 32 provided between distribution line 39 and bus 31 connected to the system power source, bus 31 and the load. It is equipped with switches 34 and 35 installed between the two. When receiving a power failure detection signal from a power conditioner (PCS) 13 (to be described later) in the fuel cell system 11, the circuit breaker 32 trips to an open state (that is, a disconnected state). In other words, the circuit breaker 32 is connected to the bus 31 Is configured to automatically disconnect from the system power supply side.
[0021] 本実施形態では、電力消費家の宅内の負荷として、系統電源の稼動時のみに電 力が供給されていればよい通常負荷 41と、系統電源の稼動時のみならず系統電源 の停電時にも電力が供給されるべき非常負荷 42の二種類があるものとする。通常負 荷 41はスィッチ 34を介して母線 31に接続し、非常負荷 42はスィッチ 35を介して母 線 31に接続している。この非常電源システムでは、系統電源力ゝらの交流電力と燃料 電池システム 11からの交流電力とが、分電盤 14を介して、同一の宅内配電線を介し て各負荷 41, 42に供給されるようになっている。 [0021] In the present embodiment, as a load in the home of a power consumer, a normal load 41 that needs to be supplied power only when the system power supply is operating, and a system power supply as well as when the system power supply is operating. It is assumed that there are two types of emergency load 42 to which power should be supplied even during a power outage. The normal load 41 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 34, and the emergency load 42 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 35. In this emergency power system, AC power from the grid power source and AC power from the fuel cell system 11 are supplied to each load 41, 42 via the distribution board 14 and the same in-house distribution line. It has become so.
[0022] 燃料電池システム 11は、燃料を改質して水素を生成する改質器とこの水素と酸素（ 空気）とが供給されて発電する燃料電池本体とからなる燃料電池 12と、燃料電池 12 で発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換して出力するパワーコンディショナ 13とを 備えている。燃料としては、例えば、灯油または LPG (液ィ匕石油ガス)または天然ガス が用いられ、したがつてこの燃料電池システム 11は、炭化水素を燃料とする燃料電 池を有すること〖こなる。改質器や燃料電池本体としては、図 1に示した従来のシステ ムにおけるものと同様のものが使用される力 特にこの実施形態では、燃料電池の各 種の補機 (ポンプやヒータ類）は、直流電力によって駆動されるようになっている。  [0022] The fuel cell system 11 includes a fuel cell 12 including a reformer that reforms fuel to generate hydrogen, and a fuel cell main body that is supplied with the hydrogen and oxygen (air) to generate power, and a fuel cell. And a power conditioner 13 for converting the DC power generated in 12 into AC power and outputting it. For example, kerosene, LPG (liquid petroleum gas), or natural gas is used as the fuel. Therefore, the fuel cell system 11 has a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as fuel. The power used for the reformer and fuel cell body is the same as that used in the conventional system shown in Fig. 1. Particularly in this embodiment, various auxiliary devices (pumps and heaters) of the fuel cell are used. Are driven by DC power.
[0023] パワーコンディショナ 13としては、図 1に示した従来の電源システムにおいて用いら れるパワーコンディショナ 92と同様のものが使用されるが、図 2に示す非常電源シス テムにおけるパワーコンディショナ 13は、系統電源側における停電を検出した場合 に、燃料電池システム 11の動作を停止させるともに、系統電源における停電を検出 した旨の信号すなわち停電検出信号を分電盤 14に出力する機能を備えている点で 、図 1に示したものと相違している。なお、系統電源側における停電をパワーコンディ ショナ 13において検出する方法としては、系統電源に連系する分散電源のパワーコ ンディショナにおいて、現在、一般的に用いられている方法を用いることができる。  [0023] The power conditioner 13 is the same as the power conditioner 92 used in the conventional power supply system shown in Fig. 1, but the power conditioner 13 in the emergency power supply system shown in Fig. 2 is used. Has a function to stop the operation of the fuel cell system 11 when a power failure is detected on the system power supply side, and to output a signal indicating that a power failure has been detected in the system power supply, that is, a power failure detection signal to the distribution board 14. Is different from that shown in FIG. As a method of detecting a power failure on the system power source side in the power conditioner 13, a method generally used at present in a power conditioner of a distributed power source linked to the system power source can be used.
[0024] 二次電池 16は、燃料電池 12とパワーコンディショナ 13との間で直流電力が伝送さ れる導線に対して接続しており、燃料電池 12ある 、はパワーコンディショナ 13から供 給される直流電力によって充電されるものである。燃料電池 12自体は負荷の急変に 対して対応することが難しいものであるので、負荷が急増したときには、燃料電池 12 力もの直流電力のほかに二次電池 16に蓄えられている直流電力もパワーコンデイシ ョナ 13で交流電力に変換して負荷に供給し、負荷が急減したときには燃料電池 12 力もの直流電力の一部で二次電池 16を充電するようにすることによって、系統電源 が通常状態であるときにこの非常電源システムを効率よく運転させることが可能にな る。また二次電池 16に蓄えられた直流電力は、燃料電池 12を始動する際の電力とし ても使用できるようになつている。言い換えれば、本実施形態においては、系統電源 側からの電力の供給がなぐパワーコンディショナ 13によっては燃料電池 12を始動 できな 、場合であつても、二次電池 16に蓄えられた電力を燃料電池 12の各補機 (ポ ンプゃヒータなど）に供給することによって、燃料電池 12を起動させ、燃料電池 12か ら直流電力を得ることができるようになって 、る。 [0024] The secondary battery 16 is connected to a conductor through which DC power is transmitted between the fuel cell 12 and the power conditioner 13, and the fuel cell 12 is supplied from the power conditioner 13. It is charged by direct current power. Since the fuel cell 12 itself is difficult to respond to a sudden change in load, when the load suddenly increases, in addition to the DC power of 12 fuel cells, the DC power stored in the secondary battery 16 is also powered. The AC power is converted into AC power by the conditioner 13 and supplied to the load. When the load suddenly decreases, the secondary battery 16 is charged by a part of the DC power of the fuel cell 12 power. This makes it possible to operate the emergency power system efficiently when the system is in a normal state. Further, the DC power stored in the secondary battery 16 can be used as power for starting the fuel cell 12. In other words, in this embodiment, the fuel cell 12 cannot be started depending on the power conditioner 13 that is not supplied with power from the system power supply side. Even in this case, the power stored in the secondary battery 16 is used as fuel. The fuel cell 12 can be started up and supplied with direct current from the fuel cell 12 by supplying each auxiliary device (such as a pump heater) of the battery 12.
[0025] このような二次電池 16としては、例えば、リチウムイオン電池、ニッケル水素電池、 あるいは鉛蓄電池などが用いられる。  [0025] As such a secondary battery 16, for example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lead storage battery is used.
[0026] 次に、この非常電源システムの動作を説明する。  Next, the operation of this emergency power supply system will be described.
[0027] 系統電源が正常に機能している場合には、遮断器 32、各スィッチ 34, 35とも閉じ て導通状態となっており、系統電源からの交流電力と、燃料電池システム 11からの 交流電力とが、分電盤 14を介して負荷 41, 42に供給される。燃料電池システム 11 が始動していない場合には、燃料電池システム 11を始動するための電力力 系統電 源力もパワーコンディショナ 13に供給される。また、二次電池 16は、所定の充電レべ ル以上であるように充放電が制御されている。本実施形態において、所定の充電レ ベルとは、燃料電池 12の始動に必要な電力のすべてを二次電池 16から供給できる 以上の充電レベルとする。  [0027] When the system power supply is functioning normally, the circuit breaker 32 and the switches 34 and 35 are both closed and in a conductive state. The AC power from the system power supply and the AC power from the fuel cell system 11 are connected. Electric power is supplied to the loads 41 and 42 via the distribution board 14. When the fuel cell system 11 is not started, the power power system power for starting the fuel cell system 11 is also supplied to the power conditioner 13. Further, charging / discharging of the secondary battery 16 is controlled so as to be at a predetermined charging level or higher. In the present embodiment, the predetermined charging level is a charging level at which all of the electric power necessary for starting the fuel cell 12 can be supplied from the secondary battery 16.
[0028] 系統電源が停止すなわち停電したとする。燃料電池システム 11のパワーコンデイシ ョナ 13によってこの停電が検出され、その結果、パワーコンディショナ 13は、直流電 力を交流電力に変換する動作を中止し、燃料電池 12の運転を自動的に停止させ、 また、燃料電池システム 11を必要に応じて分電盤 14から電気的に切り離すとともに、 停電検出信号を分電盤 14に送出する。その結果、遮断器 32が開放側にトリップして 、分電盤 14の母線 31と系統電源に接続する配電線 39とが切り離されることになる。  [0028] Assume that the system power supply is stopped, that is, a power failure occurs. This power failure is detected by the power conditioner 13 of the fuel cell system 11, and as a result, the power conditioner 13 stops the operation of converting the DC power to the AC power and automatically stops the operation of the fuel cell 12. In addition, the fuel cell system 11 is electrically disconnected from the distribution board 14 as necessary, and a power failure detection signal is sent to the distribution board 14. As a result, the circuit breaker 32 trips to the open side, and the bus 31 of the distribution board 14 and the distribution line 39 connected to the system power supply are disconnected.
[0029] このように分電盤 14の母線 31から、系統電源が切り離され、燃料電池システム 11 からの電力の供給が停止することにより、負荷 41, 42への交流電力の供給も停止す る。この状態で燃料電池システム 11を非常用電源として機能させるためには、まず、 スィッチ 34, 35を開放状態として負荷 41, 42を分電盤 14から切り離し、燃料電池シ ステム 11のパワーコンディショナ 13を操作して二次電池 16からの電力によって燃料 電池 12を始動させる。すなわち、燃料電池 12の各補機の運転を開始させる。燃料電 池 12が始動して所定の直流電力を出力するようになると、パワーコンディショナ 13は 直流電力の交流電力への変換を再開し、その結果、燃料電池 12からの直流電力は 交流電力に変換されて分電盤 14の母線に供給されるようになる。この時点で、非常 負荷 42につながるスィッチ 35を閉じて非常負荷 42に交流電力が供給されるようにす る。 [0029] As described above, when the system power supply is disconnected from the bus 31 of the distribution board 14 and the supply of power from the fuel cell system 11 is stopped, the supply of AC power to the loads 41 and 42 is also stopped. . In order to make the fuel cell system 11 function as an emergency power source in this state, first, the switches 34 and 35 are opened and the loads 41 and 42 are disconnected from the distribution board 14, and the fuel cell system is disconnected. The fuel cell 12 is started by the power from the secondary battery 16 by operating the power conditioner 13 of the stem 11. That is, the operation of each auxiliary machine of the fuel cell 12 is started. When the fuel cell 12 starts and outputs predetermined DC power, the power conditioner 13 resumes conversion of DC power to AC power, and as a result, the DC power from the fuel cell 12 becomes AC power. It is converted and supplied to the bus bar of distribution board 14. At this point, the switch 35 connected to the emergency load 42 is closed so that AC power is supplied to the emergency load 42.
[0030] 以上のようにして、燃料電池 12の再起動が行われ、非常負荷 42に対する交流電 力の供給が再開する。  As described above, the fuel cell 12 is restarted, and the supply of AC power to the emergency load 42 is resumed.
[0031] 次に、系統電源が停電から復旧した場合の動作を説明する。分電盤 14において遮 断器 32よりも系統電源側の位置に、系統電源側力もの電力で発光するノ ィロットラン プを設けておけば、パイロットランプが再点灯したことにより、系統電源が停電から復 旧したことを知ることができる。その場合には、手動で燃料電池システム 11を停止さ せる。すなわち燃料電池 12を停止させ、パワーコンディショナ 13での直流—交流変 換動作を停止させる。次に、遮断器 32を閉じて、分電盤 14の母線 31に系統電源か らの電力が供給されるようにする。その後、燃料電池システム 11を再始動させ、また、 スィッチ 34を閉じることにより、最初に説明した通常運転状態に戻る。  [0031] Next, an operation when the system power supply is restored from a power failure will be described. If a pilot lamp that emits power from the power of the system power source is installed at a position closer to the system power supply than the circuit breaker 32 in the distribution board 14, the system power supply is You can know that it has been restored. In that case, the fuel cell system 11 is manually stopped. That is, the fuel cell 12 is stopped, and the DC-AC conversion operation in the power conditioner 13 is stopped. Next, the circuit breaker 32 is closed so that power from the system power supply is supplied to the bus 31 of the distribution board 14. Thereafter, the fuel cell system 11 is restarted, and the switch 34 is closed to return to the normal operation state described first.
[0032] 以上の動作において、系統電源側が停電となって遮断器 32が開放状態となった後 、系統電源が復旧した場合に遮断器 32を再び投入して遮断器 43を導通状態とする 力 遮断器 32を投入する時点では燃料電池システム 11は停止していなければなら ない。そこで、燃料電池システム 11が動作している、あるいは燃料電池 12がその始 動過程にあるときには、開放状態の遮断器 32が再投入されないようにするインター口 ック装置を分電盤 14に設けることが好ましい。  [0032] In the above operation, after the system power supply side fails and the circuit breaker 32 is opened, when the system power supply is restored, the circuit breaker 32 is turned on again to make the circuit breaker 43 conductive. The fuel cell system 11 must be stopped when the circuit breaker 32 is turned on. Therefore, when the fuel cell system 11 is operating or the fuel cell 12 is in its starting process, an inter-plug device is provided on the distribution board 14 to prevent the open circuit breaker 32 from being turned on again. It is preferable.
[0033] また、上述の手順においては、燃料電池システム 11の始動や各スィッチ 34, 35の オンオフ、各パワーコンディショナ 13, 17の操作などは、操作員による手動で行われ ることとしているが、これらのプロセスを自動で行えるように、分電盤 14に制御回路を 設けるよう〖こしてもよい。図 3は、このような制御回路を備えた非常電源システムを示し ている。 [0034] 図 3に示す非常電源システムは、図 2に示す非常電源システムとは、分電盤 14内に 制御回路 36が設けられている点で相違する。制御回路 36は、分電盤 14内の遮断 器 32を導通状態に復帰させたり、分電盤 14内の各スィッチ 34, 35を制御することが できるとともに、燃料電池システム 11内のパワーコンディショナ 13に対して指令を出 すことができるように構成されている。パワーコンディショナ 13に対して制御回路 36か らの指令を伝達するために、分電盤 14とパワーコンディショナ 13との間には、信号線 37が設けられている。 [0033] In the above procedure, the fuel cell system 11 is started, the switches 34 and 35 are turned on / off, and the power conditioners 13 and 17 are manually operated by an operator. The distribution board 14 may be provided with a control circuit so that these processes can be performed automatically. Figure 3 shows an emergency power system with such a control circuit. The emergency power supply system shown in FIG. 3 is different from the emergency power supply system shown in FIG. 2 in that a control circuit 36 is provided in the distribution board 14. The control circuit 36 can return the circuit breaker 32 in the distribution board 14 to the conductive state, can control the switches 34 and 35 in the distribution board 14, and can also control the power conditioner in the fuel cell system 11. It is configured to be able to issue commands to 13. In order to transmit a command from the control circuit 36 to the power conditioner 13, a signal line 37 is provided between the distribution board 14 and the power conditioner 13.
[0035] 制御回路 36は、例えば、非常運転モード移行のための押しボタンスィッチである非 常運転スィッチと、通常運転モード移行のための押しボタンスィッチである通常運転 スィッチを備えている。系統電源側が停電となり、上述したように遮断器 32が開放状 態にトリップし、燃料電池システム 11及び二次電池 16からの電力の供給が停止した 状態で、非常運転スィッチが操作されると、制御回路 36は、スィッチ 34, 35を開放状 態にするところから燃料電池システム 11を始動させ、スィッチ 35をオン状態にすると ころまでの上述した処理を自動的に実行する。また、非常運転モードにあるときに通 常運転スィッチが操作された場合には、制御回路 36は、系統電源が復旧したことを 確認した上で、燃料電池システム 11の停止と遮断器 32の投入から燃料電池システ ムの再始動、スィッチ 34の投入までの処理を自動的に実行する。このような制御回路 36を設けることによって、本発明に基づく非常電源システムの運転操作を簡単に行 えるようになる。  The control circuit 36 includes, for example, an abnormal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the emergency operation mode and a normal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the normal operation mode. If the emergency operation switch is operated with the power failure at the grid power source, tripping the circuit breaker 32 as described above, and stopping the supply of power from the fuel cell system 11 and the secondary battery 16, The control circuit 36 starts the fuel cell system 11 from the position where the switches 34 and 35 are opened, and automatically executes the above-described processing up to when the switch 35 is turned on. If the normal operation switch is operated in the emergency operation mode, the control circuit 36 confirms that the system power supply has been restored, and then stops the fuel cell system 11 and turns on the circuit breaker 32. To the restart of the fuel cell system and switch 34 are automatically executed. By providing such a control circuit 36, the operation of the emergency power supply system according to the present invention can be easily performed.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
[1] 系統電源に連系し燃料電池とパワーコンデイショナとを備える燃料電池システムを 有する非常電源システムであって、  [1] An emergency power system having a fuel cell system that is connected to a system power source and includes a fuel cell and a power conditioner,
前記燃料電池と前記パワーコンディショナとの間の直流電力の経路に二次電池を 接続可能であり、前記二次電池に蓄えられた直流電力によって前記燃料電池を始 動可能な、非常電源システム。  An emergency power supply system, wherein a secondary battery can be connected to a DC power path between the fuel cell and the power conditioner, and the fuel cell can be started by the DC power stored in the secondary battery.
[2] 系統電源に連系し燃料電池とパワーコンデイショナとを備える燃料電池システムを 有する非常電源システムであって、  [2] An emergency power system having a fuel cell system that is connected to a system power source and includes a fuel cell and a power conditioner,
前記系統電源に接続するとともに負荷に電力を供給する分電盤と、  A distribution board for connecting the system power supply and supplying power to the load;
前記系統電源と分電盤との間に設けられた遮断器と、  A circuit breaker provided between the system power supply and the distribution board;
前記燃料電池と前記パワーコンディショナとの間の直流電力の経路に接続する二 次電池と、  A secondary battery connected to a DC power path between the fuel cell and the power conditioner;
を備え、  With
前記パワーコンディショナにおいて前記系統電源の停電を検出したときに、前記パ ヮーコンデイショナは前記燃料電池の動作を停止させるとともに、停電検出信号を前 記遮断器に送出して前記遮断器を開放状態にし、  When the power conditioner detects a power failure of the system power supply, the power conditioner stops the operation of the fuel cell and sends a power failure detection signal to the circuit breaker to open the circuit breaker. State
前記遮断器が開放状態であるときに、前記二次電池から電力によって前記燃料電 池を始動でき、前記燃料電池の始動後は該燃料電池システムから前記分電盤に交 流電力が供給されるようにした、非常電源システム。  When the circuit breaker is in an open state, the fuel cell can be started with electric power from the secondary battery, and after the fuel cell is started, AC power is supplied from the fuel cell system to the distribution board. An emergency power system.
[3] 前記分電盤に接続される負荷は、通常負荷と非常負荷であり、前記系統電源が通 常動作しているときは前記通常負荷及び前記非常負荷に電力が供給され、前記遮 断器が開放状態にあって前記燃料電池が始動した後には、前記非常負荷のみに電 力が供給される、請求の範囲第 2項に記載の非常電源システム。  [3] The load connected to the distribution board is a normal load and an emergency load. When the system power supply is operating normally, power is supplied to the normal load and the emergency load, and the interruption is performed. 3. The emergency power supply system according to claim 2, wherein power is supplied only to the emergency load after the fuel cell is started with the device open.
[4] 前記非常負荷の負荷容量は前記燃料電池システムの定格出力未満である、請求 の範囲第 3項に記載の非常電源システム。  [4] The emergency power supply system according to claim 3, wherein a load capacity of the emergency load is less than a rated output of the fuel cell system.
[5] 前記遮断器が開放状態にあるときに前記系統電源が復旧した場合に、前記燃料電 池システムの運転が停止され、その後、前記遮断器が導通状態に戻され、前記遮断 器が導通状態に戻された後に、前記燃料電池システムが再始動される、請求の範囲 第 2項乃至第 4項のいずれか 1項に記載の非常電源システム。 [5] When the system power supply is restored when the circuit breaker is in an open state, the operation of the fuel cell system is stopped, and then the circuit breaker is returned to a conductive state and the circuit breaker is turned on. The fuel cell system is restarted after being returned to a state. 5. The emergency power system according to any one of items 2 to 4.
[6] 前記遮断器の前記開放状態から前記導通状態への復帰を制御し、前記パワーコ ンディショナに対する指令を発生する制御回路をさらに備える、請求の範囲第 2項乃 至第 4項のいずれか 1項に記載の非常電源システム。 [6] The device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising a control circuit that controls a return of the circuit breaker from the open state to the conductive state and generates a command to the power conditioner. Emergency power system as described in the section.
[7] 前記分電盤内において前記通常負荷への導線に設けられた第 1のスィッチと、 前記分電盤内において前記非常負荷への導線に設けられた第 2のスィッチと、 前記遮断器の前記開放状態から前記導通状態への復帰を制御し、前記第 1及び 第 2のスィッチにおける開閉を制御し、前記パワーコンディショナに対する指令を発 生する制御回路をさらに備える、請求の範囲第 3項または第 4項に記載の非常電源 システム。 [7] a first switch provided on a lead to the normal load in the distribution board; a second switch provided on a lead to the emergency load in the distribution board; and the circuit breaker And a control circuit for controlling the return from the open state to the conductive state, controlling the opening and closing of the first and second switches, and generating a command for the power conditioner. Emergency power system as described in Section 4 or Section 4.
[8] 前記燃料電池システムは、炭化水素を燃料とする燃料電池を有する、請求の範囲 第 1項乃至第 7項のいずれか 1項に記載の電源システム。  [8] The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as a fuel.
PCT/JP2007/053063 2006-02-23 2007-02-20 Emergency power supply system using fuel cell WO2007097314A1 (en)

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