CN101390268A - Backup power supply system using fuel cell - Google Patents

Backup power supply system using fuel cell Download PDF

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CN101390268A
CN101390268A CNA2007800065042A CN200780006504A CN101390268A CN 101390268 A CN101390268 A CN 101390268A CN A2007800065042 A CNA2007800065042 A CN A2007800065042A CN 200780006504 A CN200780006504 A CN 200780006504A CN 101390268 A CN101390268 A CN 101390268A
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power
fuel cell
power supply
backup
circuit breaker
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西山拓雄
井深丈
川路幸弘
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Eneos Corp
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Nippon Oil Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04626—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a backup power supply system which is provided with a fuel cell system, is connected with a system power supply, supplies power to a load from the fuel cell system when the system power supply is in power failure, and is connected with a secondary battery on a direct current power path between a fuel cell and a power regulator in the fuel cell system. When the power conditioner detects a system power failure and stops the fuel cell, the fuel cell can be restarted by using the dc power stored in the secondary battery. The dc power supplied from the restarted fuel cell is converted into ac power by the power conditioner, and is supplied to a backup load or the like in a state of being disconnected from the system power supply.

Description

使用了燃料电池的备用电源系统 Backup power system using fuel cells

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及使用了燃料电池的备用电源系统，尤其涉及在通常时为了向负载供电而与系统电源连接使用、并在系统电源侧停电时可与系统电源脱离后向负载供给来自燃料电池的电力的备用电源系统。The present invention relates to a backup power supply system using a fuel cell, and more particularly to a system that is normally used in connection with a system power supply to supply power to a load, and can be disconnected from the system power supply when the system power supply side fails, and then can supply power from the fuel cell to the load. Backup power system.

背景技术 Background technique

近年来，一种分散型的电源系统正引人注目，其中，在电力消费者即电力需要者的场所配置燃料电池作为分散电源装置，并将来自供电局的配电电力即来自系统电源的电力与来自燃料电池的电力进行组合后供该电力消费者的电力消费。在供电局侧，设置有多个发电设备、多个变电设备、和用于将这些发电设备及变电设备进行连接来向多个需要者供电的配电设备，发电设备、变电设备和变电设备作为一个整体保持协调地进行运转，将供电局侧的这些设备作为一个整体称为系统电源。In recent years, a decentralized power supply system has been attracting attention, in which fuel cells are deployed as distributed power supply devices at the locations of power consumers, that is, power demanders, and the distribution power from the power supply bureau, that is, the power from the system power supply Combined with the power from the fuel cell for consumption by the power consumer. On the side of the power supply bureau, there are multiple power generation equipment, multiple power transformation equipment, and power distribution equipment for connecting these power generation equipment and power transformation equipment to supply power to multiple consumers. The power generation equipment, power transformation equipment and The substation equipment as a whole maintains coordinated operation, and these equipment on the power supply office side as a whole are called system power supply.

燃料电池虽产生直流电力，但由于在电力消费者的宅内需要与来自系统电源的交流电力相叠加来向负载进行配电，所以需要使分散电源即燃料电池与系统电源连接。为了使燃料电池与系统电源连接，使用将燃料电池所输出的直流电力转换为交流电力，并使其频率或电压适合于来自系统电源的电力的功率调节器(PCS)。来自功率调节器的交流电力的输出线一般在设置于电力消费者的宅内的配电板上，与来自系统电源侧的配电线相连接，由此，对位于电力消费者的宅内的负载，一并供给来自燃料电池的交流电力和来自系统电源的交流电力。The fuel cell generates DC power, but since it needs to be superimposed on the AC power from the system power supply in the house of the power consumer to distribute power to the load, it is necessary to connect the fuel cell, which is a distributed power source, to the system power supply. To connect the fuel cell to the system power supply, a power conditioner (PCS) is used that converts DC power output from the fuel cell to AC power and makes its frequency or voltage suitable for power from the system power supply. The output line of the AC power from the power conditioner is generally connected to the distribution line from the power supply side of the system on the distribution board installed in the house of the power consumer, thereby, to the load located in the house of the power consumer, AC power from the fuel cell and AC power from the system power supply are supplied together.

图1是表示这样用于使由燃料电池构成的分散电源与系统电源相连接来使用的现有的电源系统的结构。FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a conventional power supply system for connecting and using a distributed power supply including a fuel cell to a system power supply.

作为分散电源设置有包含燃料电池并输出交流电力的燃料电池系统81，且燃料电池系统81的输出连接于配电板82。配电板82还连接于系统电源，并将来自系统电源的交流电力和来自燃料电池系统81的交流电力经由相同的配电线供给到负载。A fuel cell system 81 including a fuel cell and outputting AC power is provided as a distributed power source, and the output of the fuel cell system 81 is connected to a distribution board 82 . The distribution board 82 is also connected to the system power supply, and supplies AC power from the system power supply and AC power from the fuel cell system 81 to loads via the same distribution line.

燃料电池系统81具备：燃料电池91：和功率调节器(PCS)92，其将由燃料电池91发出的直流电力转换为交流电力后输出。虽未在图1中表示，但燃料电池91具备：改性器，其将由碳氢化合物构成的燃料例如灯油或LPG(液化石油气)等燃料改性后生成氢；和燃料电池主体，被供给氢和氧(或空气)来进行发电。作为典型的燃料电池，燃料电池主体具备：负极及正极，分别被供给氢和氧；和电解质膜，配置于负极与正极之间，并可透过氢离子等。The fuel cell system 81 includes a fuel cell 91 and a power conditioner (PCS) 92 that converts DC power generated by the fuel cell 91 into AC power and outputs it. Although not shown in FIG. 1 , the fuel cell 91 includes: a reformer that reforms a fuel composed of hydrocarbons such as kerosene or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) to generate hydrogen; and a fuel cell main body that is supplied with hydrogen and oxygen (or air) to generate electricity. As a typical fuel cell, the fuel cell main body includes: a negative electrode and a positive electrode to which hydrogen and oxygen are supplied, respectively; and an electrolyte membrane arranged between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and permeable to hydrogen ions and the like.

功率调节器92按照与经由配电板82而输入的系统电源侧的交流电力相连接的方式，将来自燃料电池91的直流电力转换为交流电力。此外，为了使燃料电池即改性器及燃料电池主体进行动作，需要通过加热器将它们升温到规定的温度范围，此外，为了向改性器供给燃料，需要使泵进行动作。如此，为了燃料电池系统81运转，需要使加热器及泵等各种辅助设备动作，用于使加热器及泵等动作的电力是由功率调节器92向燃料电池供给的。如果燃料电池系统81进入到稳定运转状态，则可以使用燃料电池91发出的电力的一部分作为用于加热器及泵的电力。但是，在燃料电池系统81自身的启动(上电)时，由于燃料电池91还未开始发电，所以将由从系统电源经由配电板82向功率调节器92输入的交流电力获得用于使加热器及泵动作的电力。The power conditioner 92 converts the DC power from the fuel cell 91 into AC power so as to be connected to the AC power on the system power supply side input via the switchboard 82 . In addition, in order to operate the fuel cell, that is, the reformer and the fuel cell main body, they need to be heated to a predetermined temperature range by a heater, and a pump needs to be operated to supply fuel to the reformer. In this manner, in order to operate the fuel cell system 81 , it is necessary to operate various auxiliary equipment such as heaters and pumps, and power for operating the heaters and pumps is supplied to the fuel cell from the power conditioner 92 . If the fuel cell system 81 enters a steady operating state, part of the electric power generated by the fuel cell 91 can be used as electric power for heaters and pumps. However, when the fuel cell system 81 itself is started (powered on), since the fuel cell 91 has not yet started generating electricity, the AC power input from the system power supply to the power conditioner 92 via the distribution board 82 is used to make the heater and pump power.

然而，当系统电源如上所述那样与分散电源进行连接时，必须使由分散电源产生的电力不会对系统电源侧产生不良的影响。针对为了不对系统电源产生不良的影响的对策，例如，在日本的经济产业省资源能量厅所总结的“系统连接指南”中进行了说明，尤其规定了在系统电源侧发生了停电事故时应该将分散电源与系统电源脱离。这是因为在系统电源侧发生停电事故时，若分散电源正在动作，则因在停电中而本应处于未充电的系统电源侧的配电线或配电网却被分散电源进行充电，从而有在停电恢复等的作业中发生触电事故、或在系统电源恢复到正常状态时因系统电源侧的交流电力的相位与配电线侧的相位不一致而发生故障的危险。此外，若从分散电源向系统电源侧供给了电力，则使系统电源内的故障发生位置的搜索变得困难。在系统电源侧的停电事故时为了将分散电源与系统电源脱离，分散电源的功率调节器构成为：当检测出来自系统电源侧的电力供给中断时，迅速使该分散电源的动作停止，进而根据需要由机械式的开关或断路器将分散电源与配电线断开。However, when the system power supply is connected to the distributed power supply as described above, it is necessary to prevent the power generated by the distributed power supply from adversely affecting the system power supply side. For countermeasures to prevent adverse effects on the system power supply, for example, it is described in the "System Connection Guidelines" summarized by the Energy Agency of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. In particular, it stipulates that when a power failure occurs on the system power supply side, the Distributed power is separated from system power. This is because when a power failure occurs on the system power supply side, if the distributed power supply is operating, the power distribution line or distribution network that should be on the system power supply side that should not be charged due to the power failure will be charged by the distributed power supply, resulting in There is a risk of electric shock accidents during work such as power outage recovery, or failure due to the phase inconsistency between the AC power on the system power supply side and the distribution line side when the system power supply returns to normal. In addition, when electric power is supplied from the distributed power supply to the system power supply side, it becomes difficult to search for a location where a failure occurs in the system power supply. In order to separate the distributed power supply from the system power supply in the event of a power outage on the system power supply side, the power conditioner of the distributed power supply is configured to: When detecting that the power supply from the system power supply side is interrupted, it will quickly stop the operation of the distributed power supply, and then according to A mechanical switch or circuit breaker is required to disconnect the decentralized power source from the distribution line.

燃料电池由于不受天气条件等影响只要继续拥有燃料就进行动作，所以作为在假定发生地震等灾害而系统电源持续停电的情况下的备用电源是很有前途的。但是，当将分散电源与系统电源连接使用时，由于如上所述的安全等的理由，在系统电源侧停电时必须进行分散电源的停止，所以即使是使用燃料电池的分散电源，也不能这样作为备用电源来使用。此外，燃料电池一旦停止后试图再启动该燃料电池时，一般作为燃料电池的再启动所需要的电力而使用由系统电源供给的电力，因而系统电源停电时也无法进行燃料电池的再启动。Fuel cells are promising as a backup power source in the event of a continuous blackout of the system power supply in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, since the fuel cell operates without being affected by weather conditions and the like as long as it continues to have fuel. However, when the distributed power supply is used in connection with the system power supply, due to the above-mentioned reasons such as safety, the distributed power supply must be stopped when the system power supply side fails, so even if it is a distributed power supply using a fuel cell, it cannot be used as such. Backup power to use. Furthermore, when an attempt is made to restart the fuel cell after the fuel cell has been stopped, the power supplied from the system power supply is generally used as the power required for restarting the fuel cell. Therefore, the fuel cell cannot be restarted even when the system power supply is cut off.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

在此，本发明的目的是提供一种备用电源系统，其具有燃料电池并且是连接于系统电源的分散型电源系统，当系统电源为通常运转时作为分散电源来动作，并且当系统电源停电时还可以作为备用电源来使用。Here, the object of the present invention is to provide a backup power supply system which has a fuel cell and is a distributed power supply system connected to a system power supply, which operates as a distributed power supply when the system power supply is in normal operation, and which operates as a distributed power supply when the system power supply fails. It can also be used as a backup power source.

本发明的备用电源系统，与系统电源连接，并具有包括燃料电池和功率调节器的燃料电池系统，在燃料电池与功率调节器之间的直流电力的路径上能够连接二次电池，并能够利用储备于二次电池中的直流电力来启动燃料电池。The backup power supply system of the present invention is connected with the system power supply, and has a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a power conditioner, a secondary battery can be connected on the path of direct current power between the fuel cell and the power conditioner, and can utilize The DC power stored in the secondary battery is used to start the fuel cell.

这种备用电源系统，例如，是连接于系统电源并具有包括燃料电池和功率调节器的燃料电池系统的备用电源系统，并且还具备；配电板，其与系统电源连接并向负载供电；断路器，其设置在系统电源与配电板之间；和二次电池，其连接在燃料电池与功率调节器之间的直流电力的路径上；在功率调节器中检测出系统电源停电时，功率调节器使燃料电池的动作停止，并将停电检测信号传送到断路器使断路器处于开放状态，当断路器为开放状态时，能够从二次电池由电力来启动燃料电池，并在燃料电池启动之后从该燃料电池系统向配电板供给交流电力。Such a backup power supply system, for example, is a backup power supply system connected to a system power supply and having a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a power conditioner, and also has; device, which is provided between the system power supply and the distribution board; and a secondary battery, which is connected on the path of DC power between the fuel cell and the power conditioner; when a power failure of the system power supply is detected in the power conditioner, the power The regulator stops the operation of the fuel cell, and transmits a power failure detection signal to the circuit breaker to open the circuit breaker. When the circuit breaker is in the open state, the fuel cell can be started by electric power from the secondary battery, and the fuel cell can be started. Thereafter, AC power is supplied from the fuel cell system to the distribution board.

上述的备用电源系统，在系统电源停电时启动燃料电池系统，可以仅将来自燃料电池系统的电力供给到负载。但是，由于对燃料电池系统的额定输出有限定，所以优选在连接于所述配电板的负载为通常负载和备用负载的情况下，当系统电源进行通常动作时向两方的负载供电，而在断路器处于开放状态并启动了燃料电池之后，仅向备用负载供电。备用负载的负载容量优选小于所述燃料电池系统的额定输出。The aforementioned backup power supply system activates the fuel cell system when the system power supply fails, and can supply only electric power from the fuel cell system to the load. However, since the rated output of the fuel cell system is limited, it is preferable to supply power to both loads when the system power supply is in normal operation when the loads connected to the switchboard are normal loads and backup loads, and After the circuit breaker is open and the fuel cell is started, power is only supplied to the backup load. The load capacity of the backup load is preferably smaller than the rated output of the fuel cell system.

而且，在本发明中，优选在断路器为开放状态时恢复了系统电源的情况下，燃料电池系统的运转停止，然后断路器恢复到导通状态，并在断路器恢复到导通状态之后燃料电池系统重新启动。为了实现这种再启动，可以设置对断路器从开放状态向导通状态的恢复进行控制，并产生针对功率调节器的指令的控制电路。Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable that when the system power supply is restored while the circuit breaker is in the open state, the operation of the fuel cell system is stopped, and then the circuit breaker is restored to the on state, and the fuel The battery system restarts. In order to realize such a restart, a control circuit may be provided that controls the return of the circuit breaker from the open state to the conducting state, and generates commands for the power conditioner.

在本发明中，作为燃料电池系统优选使用具有以碳氢化合物为燃料的燃料电池。In the present invention, a fuel cell having hydrocarbon as fuel is preferably used as the fuel cell system.

在本发明中，在使由燃料电池和功率调节器所构成的燃料电池系统连接于系统电源的电源系统中，当系统电源停电时，虽然一时燃料电池也停电，但此后，由于可利用来自连接于燃料电池系统的二次电池的电力来启动燃料电池，所以来自该燃料电池系统的发电电力可供给到负载。因此，本发明的备用电源系统在平常时与系统电源相连接，在灾害等紧急情况下，可作为备用电源来运转，从而在平常时及紧急时都有用。In the present invention, in the power supply system that connects the fuel cell system composed of the fuel cell and the power conditioner to the system power supply, when the system power supply is cut off, although the fuel cell is also temporarily powered off, thereafter, due to the availability of power from the connection The fuel cell is activated by the power from the secondary battery of the fuel cell system, so that the generated power from the fuel cell system can be supplied to the load. Therefore, the backup power supply system of the present invention is connected to the system power supply in normal times, and can be operated as a backup power supply in emergency situations such as disasters, thereby being useful both in normal times and in emergencies.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是表示现有电源系统的结构的框图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional power supply system.

图2是表示本发明的一个实施方式的备用电源系统的结构的框图。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a backup power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图3是表示本发明的另一个实施方式的备用电源系统的结构的框图。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a backup power supply system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

接着，参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明。Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

图2表示本发明的一个实施方式的备用电源系统。该备用电源系统与系统电源连接，并作为分散电源具备输出交流电力的燃料电池系统11，且还具有用于将来自系统电源的电力和来自燃料电池系统11的电力供给到负载的配电板14、和二次电池16。FIG. 2 shows a backup power supply system according to one embodiment of the present invention. This backup power supply system is connected to the system power supply, and includes a fuel cell system 11 that outputs AC power as a distributed power supply, and also has a distribution board 14 for supplying power from the system power supply and power from the fuel cell system 11 to loads. , and the secondary battery 16 .

配电板14具备：连接燃料电池系统11的输出的总线31；设置在与系统电源连接的配电线39与总线31之间的断路器32；和设置在总线31与负载之间的开关34、35。断路器32当从燃料电池系统11内的后述的功率调节器(PCS)13接收到停电检测信号时，将解扣成开放状态(即断路状态)，若换言之，则断路器32构成为使总线31自动与系统电源侧断开。The distribution board 14 includes: a bus 31 connected to the output of the fuel cell system 11; a circuit breaker 32 provided between a power distribution line 39 connected to the system power supply and the bus 31; and a switch 34 provided between the bus 31 and the load. , 35. When the circuit breaker 32 receives a power failure detection signal from the power conditioner (PCS) 13 described later in the fuel cell system 11, it will trip to the open state (that is, the disconnected state). In other words, the circuit breaker 32 is configured so that The bus 31 is automatically disconnected from the system power supply side.

在该实施方式中，作为电力消费者的宅内的负载，设为具有：只有在系统电源运转时供电即可的通常负载41、和不只在系统电源运转时而且在系统电源停电时也应供电的备用负载42这两种负载。通常负载41经由开关34连接于总线31，而备用负载42经由开关35连接于总线31。在此备用电源系统中，来自系统电源的交流电力和来自燃料电池系统11的交流电力，经由配电板14并经由同一宅内配电线，供给到各负载41、42。In this embodiment, loads in the house as power consumers are assumed to include: a normal load 41 that needs to supply power only when the system power supply is operating, and a load that should supply power not only when the system power supply is operating but also when the system power supply is out of power. Standby load 42 for both loads. The normal load 41 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 34 , and the backup load 42 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 35 . In this backup power supply system, the AC power from the system power supply and the AC power from the fuel cell system 11 are supplied to the loads 41 and 42 via the same in-house power distribution line via the switchboard 14 .

燃料电池系统11具备：燃料电池12，其由对燃料进行改性后生成氢的改性器、和供给氢与氧(空气)来发电的燃料电池主体构成；和功率调节器13，其将由燃料电池12发出的直流电力转换成交流电力后进行输出。作为燃料，例如可使用灯油或LPG(液化石油气)或天然气，因此该燃料电池系统11具有以碳氢化合物为燃料的燃料电池。作为改性器及燃料电池主体，虽使用了与图1所示的现有系统相同的器件，但尤其是在该实施方式中，燃料电池的各种辅助设备(泵及加热器等)是由直流电力来进行驱动的。The fuel cell system 11 includes: a fuel cell 12 composed of a reformer that reforms fuel to generate hydrogen, and a fuel cell main body that supplies hydrogen and oxygen (air) to generate electricity; and a power conditioner 13 that converts the fuel cell The direct current power that 12 sends out is outputted after being converted into alternating current power. As fuel, for example, kerosene, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) or natural gas can be used, so the fuel cell system 11 has a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as fuel. As the reformer and the main body of the fuel cell, although the same devices as those in the conventional system shown in Fig. 1 are used, especially in this embodiment, various auxiliary equipment (pumps, heaters, etc.) powered by electricity.

作为功率调节器13，虽然使用了与图1所示的现有电源系统中所使用的功率调节器92相同的器件，但图2所示的备用电源系统中的功率调节器13在具备下述功能的点上与图1所示的不同，即，当检测出系统电源侧停电时，使燃料电池系统11的动作停止，并将表示检测到系统电源停电的意思的信号即停电检测信号输出到配电板14。并且，作为在功率调节器13中对系统电源侧的停电进行检测的方法，在与系统电源连接的分散电源的功率调节器中可采用现在一般所使用的方法。As the power conditioner 13, although the same device as the power conditioner 92 used in the existing power supply system shown in Figure 1 is used, the power conditioner 13 in the backup power supply system shown in Figure 2 has the following The point of function is different from that shown in FIG. 1 , that is, when a power failure on the system power supply side is detected, the operation of the fuel cell system 11 is stopped, and a power failure detection signal, which is a signal indicating detection of a system power failure, is output to distribution board14. Furthermore, as a method of detecting a power failure on the system power supply side in the power conditioner 13 , a method generally used at present in a power conditioner of a distributed power source connected to the system power supply can be adopted.

二次电池16与在燃料电池12和功率调节器13之间传输直流电力的导线相连接，并通过从燃料电池12或功率调节器13所供给的直流电力进行充电。由于燃料电池12自身难以对应负载的突变，所以当负载急速增加时，除了来自燃料电池12的直流电力之外，还由功率调节器13将储备于二次电池16中的直流电力转换成交流电力后供给到负载，当负载急速减少时，由来自燃料电池12的直流电力的一部分对二次电池16进行充电，在系统电源为通常状态时，可以使该备用电源系统高效率地运转。此外，储备于二次电池16中的直流电力也可用作启动燃料电池12时的电力。换言之，在该实施方式中，即便在没有来自系统电源侧的电力供给，不能由功率调节器13启动燃料电池12的情况下，也可通过将储备于二次电池16中的电力供给到燃料电池12的各辅助设备(泵及加热器等)，使燃料电池12启动并从燃料电池12获取直流电力。The secondary battery 16 is connected to a wire that transmits DC power between the fuel cell 12 and the power conditioner 13 , and is charged by the DC power supplied from the fuel cell 12 or the power conditioner 13 . Since the fuel cell 12 itself is difficult to cope with sudden changes in load, when the load increases rapidly, in addition to the DC power from the fuel cell 12, the power conditioner 13 also converts the DC power stored in the secondary battery 16 into AC power Afterwards, it is supplied to the load. When the load decreases rapidly, the secondary battery 16 is charged by a part of the DC power from the fuel cell 12, and the backup power system can be operated efficiently when the system power supply is in a normal state. In addition, the DC power stored in the secondary battery 16 can also be used as power for starting the fuel cell 12 . In other words, in this embodiment, even when the fuel cell 12 cannot be started by the power conditioner 13 without power supply from the system power supply side, it is possible to supply the fuel cell with the power stored in the secondary battery 16 . Each auxiliary equipment (pump, heater, etc.)

作为这样的二次电池16，例如，可使用锂离子电池、镍氢电池、或铅蓄电池等。As such secondary battery 16, for example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or a lead storage battery can be used.

接着，对于该备用电池系统的动作进行说明。Next, the operation of this backup battery system will be described.

当系统电源为正常工作时，断路器32、开关34、35都闭合成导通状态，来自系统电源的交流电力与来自燃料电池系统11的交流电力经由配电板14供给到负载41、42。当燃料电池系统11未启动时，用于启动燃料电池系统11的电力，从系统电源供给到功率调节器13。此外，二次电池16被控制为充放电至规定的充电电平以上。在该实施方式中，所谓规定的充电电平是能够从二次电池16供给燃料电池12的启动所需要的全部电力以上的充电电平。When the system power supply is in normal operation, the circuit breaker 32 , switches 34 , 35 are closed to conduct, and the AC power from the system power supply and the AC power from the fuel cell system 11 are supplied to the loads 41 , 42 via the distribution board 14 . When the fuel cell system 11 is not activated, electric power for starting the fuel cell system 11 is supplied from the system power supply to the power conditioner 13 . In addition, the secondary battery 16 is controlled to charge and discharge to a predetermined charge level or more. In this embodiment, the predetermined charge level is a charge level at which the secondary battery 16 can supply all the electric power required to start the fuel cell 12 or more.

设定系统电源为停止即已经停止。通过燃料电池系统11的功率调节器13检测该停电，其结果，功率调节器13中止将直流电力转换成交流电力的动作，并使燃料电池12的运转自动停止，此外，根据需要将燃料电池系统11与配电板14电断开，并将停电检测信号传送到配电板14。其结果，断路器32解扣到开启侧，使配电板14的总线31与连接于系统电源的配电线39断开。Setting the system power to stop means it has stopped. The power conditioner 13 of the fuel cell system 11 detects this power outage, and as a result, the power conditioner 13 stops the operation of converting DC power into AC power, and automatically stops the operation of the fuel cell 12. 11 is electrically disconnected from the distribution board 14, and transmits the power failure detection signal to the distribution board 14. As a result, the circuit breaker 32 trips to the ON side, disconnecting the bus 31 of the switchboard 14 from the distribution line 39 connected to the system power supply.

通过这样将系统电源与配电板14的总线31断开并停止来自燃料电池系统11的电力供给，也将停止向负载41、42的交流电力的供给。为了在此状态下是燃料电池系统11作为备用电源发挥功能，首先，将开关34、35设为开放状态而将负载41、42与配电板断开，并对燃料电池系统11的功率调节器13进行操作，由来自二次电池16的电力使燃料电池12启动。即，使燃料电池12的各辅助设备开始运转。当燃料电池12启动达到输出规定的直流电力时，功率调节器13将重新开始将直流电力向交流电力转换，其结果，来自燃料电池12的直流电力被转换成交流电力并供给到配电板14的总线。此时，将与备用负载42相连的开关35闭合，以便向备用负载42供给交流电力。By thus disconnecting the system power supply from the bus 31 of the switchboard 14 and stopping the power supply from the fuel cell system 11 , the supply of AC power to the loads 41 and 42 is also stopped. In order to enable the fuel cell system 11 to function as a backup power source in this state, first, the switches 34, 35 are set to an open state, the loads 41, 42 are disconnected from the distribution board, and the power conditioner of the fuel cell system 11 is powered on. 13 operates to start the fuel cell 12 with the electric power from the secondary battery 16 . That is, each auxiliary equipment of the fuel cell 12 is started to operate. When the fuel cell 12 starts to output the specified DC power, the power conditioner 13 restarts converting the DC power to AC power, and as a result, the DC power from the fuel cell 12 is converted into AC power and supplied to the distribution board 14 the bus. At this time, the switch 35 connected to the backup load 42 is closed to supply AC power to the backup load 42 .

如上所述，进行燃料电池12的再启动，使对备用负载42的交流电力的供给重新开始。As described above, the restart of the fuel cell 12 is performed to restart the supply of AC power to the backup load 42 .

接着，说明从系统电源停电到恢复时的动作。若在配电板14上比断路器32更靠近系统电源侧的位置上，设置有以来自系统电源的电力进行发光的指示灯，则可通过指示灯的再次点亮来获知系统电源已从停电得以恢复。此时，用手动来停止燃料电池系统11。即，使燃料电池12停止，并使在功率调节器13中的直流-交流转换动作停止。接着，闭合断路器32，将来自系统电源的电力供给到配电板14的总线31。此后，再启动燃料电池系统11，此外，通过闭合开关34返回到最初所说明的通常运转状态。Next, the operation from the system power failure to recovery will be described. If an indicator light that emits light from the system power supply is provided on the switchboard 14 at a position closer to the system power supply side than the circuit breaker 32, then it can be known that the system power supply has stopped from power failure by turning on the indicator light again. be restored. At this time, the fuel cell system 11 is manually stopped. That is, the fuel cell 12 is stopped, and the DC-AC conversion operation in the power conditioner 13 is stopped. Next, the circuit breaker 32 is closed to supply power from the system power supply to the bus 31 of the switchboard 14 . Thereafter, the fuel cell system 11 is restarted, and furthermore, by closing the switch 34, it returns to the normal operation state described first.

在以上的动作中，系统电源侧成为停电且断路器32成为开放状态后，虽然在系统电源已恢复的情况下再次接通断路器32使断路器43成为导通状态，但是在接通断路器32时燃料电池系统11必须停止。在此，当燃料电池系统11正动作中或燃料电池12处于其启动过程中时，优选在配电板14中设置内锁装置以使处于开放状态的断路器32不会重新接通。In the above operation, after the system power supply side becomes a power outage and the circuit breaker 32 is in the open state, although the circuit breaker 32 is turned on again to make the circuit breaker 43 into the conduction state when the system power supply has been restored, after the circuit breaker is turned on, At 32 o'clock the fuel cell system 11 must be stopped. Here, when the fuel cell system 11 is operating or the fuel cell 12 is in its startup process, it is preferable to provide an inner lock device in the switchboard 14 so that the open circuit breaker 32 will not be turned on again.

此外，在上述的次序中，虽然燃料电池系统11的启动或开关34、35的接通关断、各功率调节器13、17的操作等是由操作员以手动来进行的，但是也可在配电板14中设置控制电路，以便能够自动地进行这些操作。图3表示配备了这种控制电路的备用电源系统。In addition, in the above-mentioned procedure, although the start-up of the fuel cell system 11, the on-off of the switches 34 and 35, and the operation of the power conditioners 13 and 17 are manually performed by the operator, they may be performed manually by the operator. Control circuits are provided in the switchboard 14 so that these operations can be performed automatically. Figure 3 shows a backup power system equipped with such a control circuit.

图3所示的备用电源系统与图2所示的备用电源系统的不同之处在于，在配电板14内设置有控制电路36。控制电路36构成为：可以使配电板14内的断路器32恢复到导通状态、或对配电板14内的各开关34、35进行控制，并且能够对燃料电池系统11内的功率调节器13发出指令。为了将来自控制电路36的指令对功率调节器13进行传达，在配电板14与功率调节器13之间设置有信号线37。The difference between the backup power system shown in FIG. 3 and the backup power system shown in FIG. 2 is that a control circuit 36 is provided in the distribution board 14 . The control circuit 36 is configured to restore the circuit breaker 32 in the switchboard 14 to a conductive state, or to control the switches 34 and 35 in the switchboard 14, and to regulate the power in the fuel cell system 11. The device 13 issues instructions. In order to transmit commands from the control circuit 36 to the power conditioner 13 , a signal line 37 is provided between the distribution board 14 and the power conditioner 13 .

控制电路36例如具备用于转移到备用运转模式的按钮开关即备用运转开关、和用于转移到通常运转模式的按钮开关即通常运转开关。在系统电源停电，如上所述断路器32解扣到开放状态，并已停止燃料电池系统11及来自二次电池16的电力供给的状态下，若备用运转开关被操作，则控制电路36自动地进行从将开关34、35置于开放状态开始，启动燃料电池系统11，到将开关35置于接通状态为止的上述处理。此外，在处于备用运转模式时若通常运转开关被操作，则控制电路36在确定了系统电源已恢复的基础上，自动地进行从燃料电池系统11的停止和断路器32的接通到燃料电池系统11的再启动和开关34的接通为止的处理。通过设置这种控制电路36就可简单地进行基于本发明的备用电源系统的运转操作。The control circuit 36 includes, for example, a backup operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the backup operation mode, and a normal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the normal operation mode. When the system power supply fails, the circuit breaker 32 is tripped to the open state as described above, and the power supply from the fuel cell system 11 and the secondary battery 16 is stopped, if the standby operation switch is operated, the control circuit 36 automatically The above-described processing is performed from when the switches 34 and 35 are opened, to starting the fuel cell system 11 , and when the switch 35 is turned on. In addition, when the normal operation switch is operated in the standby operation mode, the control circuit 36 automatically performs the process from stopping the fuel cell system 11 and turning on the circuit breaker 32 to the fuel cell system after confirming that the system power supply has been restored. Processing up to restarting of the system 11 and turning on of the switch 34 . By providing such a control circuit 36, the operation of the backup power supply system according to the present invention can be easily performed.

Claims (8)

1、一种备用电源系统，与系统电源连接，并具有包括燃料电池和功率调节器的燃料电池系统，1. A backup power system connected to a system power supply and having a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a power conditioner, 在所述燃料电池与所述功率调节器之间的直流电力的路径上能够连接二次电池，并能够利用储备于所述二次电池中的直流电力来启动所述燃料电池。A secondary battery can be connected to a path of direct current power between the fuel cell and the power conditioner, and the fuel cell can be activated using the direct current power stored in the secondary battery. 2、一种备用电源系统，与系统电源连接，并具有包括燃料电池和功率调节器的燃料电池系统，2. A backup power system connected to a system power supply and having a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a power conditioner, 该备用电源系统还具备：The backup power system also features: 配电板，其与所述系统电源连接并向负载供电；a power distribution board connected to the system power supply and supplying power to loads; 断路器，其设置在所述系统电源与配电板之间；和a circuit breaker disposed between the system power supply and the distribution panel; and 二次电池，其连接在所述燃料电池与所述功率调节器之间的直流电力的路径上；a secondary battery connected on a path of direct current power between the fuel cell and the power conditioner; 在所述功率调节器中检测出所述系统电源停电时，所述功率调节器使所述燃料电池的动作停止，并将停电检测信号传送到所述断路器使所述断路器处于开放状态，When the power conditioner detects a power failure of the system power supply, the power conditioner stops the operation of the fuel cell, and transmits a power failure detection signal to the circuit breaker so that the circuit breaker is in an open state, 当所述断路器为开放状态时，能够从所述二次电池由电力来启动所述燃料电池，并在所述燃料电池启动之后从该燃料电池系统向所述配电板供给交流电力。When the circuit breaker is in an open state, the fuel cell can be activated by electric power from the secondary battery, and AC power can be supplied from the fuel cell system to the switchboard after the fuel cell is activated. 3、根据权利要求2所述的备用电源系统，其特征在于，3. The backup power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, 连接于所述配电板的负载为通常负载和备用负载，在所述系统电源进行通常动作时向所述通常负载以及所述备用负载供电，在所述断路器处于开放状态并启动了所述燃料电池之后，仅向所述备用负载供电。The loads connected to the distribution board are normal loads and backup loads, and supply power to the normal loads and the backup loads when the system power supply is in normal operation, and when the circuit breaker is in an open state and the After the fuel cell, only the backup load is powered. 4、根据权利要求3所述的备用电源系统，其特征在于，4. The backup power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that, 所述备用负载的负载容量小于所述燃料电池系统的额定输出。The load capacity of the backup load is smaller than the rated output of the fuel cell system. 5、根据权利要求2～4中任一项所述的备用电源系统，其特征在于，5. The backup power supply system according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, 在所述断路器为开放状态时恢复了所述系统电源的情况下，所述燃料电池系统的运转停止，然后所述断路器恢复到导通状态，并在所述断路器恢复到导通状态之后所述燃料电池系统重新启动。In the case where the system power supply is restored while the circuit breaker is in the open state, the operation of the fuel cell system is stopped, and then the circuit breaker returns to the conduction state, and when the circuit breaker returns to the conduction state, The fuel cell system is then restarted. 6、根据权利要求2～4中任一项所述的备用电源系统，其特征在于，6. The standby power supply system according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, 还具备控制电路，该控制电路对所述断路器从所述开放状态向所述导通状态的恢复进行控制，并产生针对所述功率调节器的指令。A control circuit is further provided which controls the return of the circuit breaker from the open state to the conduction state and generates a command for the power conditioner. 7、根据权利要求3或4所述的备用电源系统，其特征在于，7. The backup power supply system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, 还具备：Also have: 第1开关，其在所述配电板内设置于到所述通常负载的导线上；a first switch provided in the switchboard on a wire leading to the normal load; 第2开关，其在所述配电板内设置于到所述备用负载的导线上；和a second switch disposed within said switchboard on a conductor to said standby load; and 控制电路，其对所述断路器从所述开放状态向所述导通状态的恢复进行控制，并对所述第1以及第2开关的接通关断进行控制，产生针对所述功率调节器的指令。a control circuit that controls the return of the circuit breaker from the open state to the on state, and controls the on and off of the first and second switches, and generates a signal for the power conditioner instructions. 8、根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的电源系统，其特征在于，8. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, 所述燃料电池系统具有以碳氢化合物为燃料的燃料电池。The fuel cell system has a fuel cell fueled with hydrocarbons.
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