WO2007088998A1 - 光アイソレータ - Google Patents
光アイソレータ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007088998A1 WO2007088998A1 PCT/JP2007/051866 JP2007051866W WO2007088998A1 WO 2007088998 A1 WO2007088998 A1 WO 2007088998A1 JP 2007051866 W JP2007051866 W JP 2007051866W WO 2007088998 A1 WO2007088998 A1 WO 2007088998A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- optical isolator
- layer
- refractive index
- waveguide layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
- G02B6/131—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by using epitaxial growth
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
- G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/0955—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12157—Isolator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/217—Multimode interference type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/2257—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure the optical waveguides being made of semiconducting material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical isolator having a miniaturized structure, and in particular, by changing the semiconductor composition of a waveguide layer having a lattice match with the substrate to increase the refractive index and to reduce the allowable radius of curvature of the bent waveguide, and to achieve a multimode.
- the present invention relates to an optical isolator with a miniaturized structure that shortens the device length by using an interferometric branch coupler.
- Scenery technology An optical isolator is an element that transmits light only in one direction and blocks light that propagates in the opposite direction.
- the optical isolator functions to maintain stable oscillation without blocking the light entering the semiconductor laser and degrading the characteristics of the semiconductor laser.
- the semiconductor laser but also an optical active element such as an optical amplifier.
- an optical active element such as an optical amplifier.
- unintentionally incident light in the opposite direction degrades the operating characteristics of the device. Since the optical isolator transmits light only in one direction, it is possible to prevent light from entering the optical active element unintentionally in the opposite direction.
- Figure 1 shows the operating principle of optical isolation.
- An optical isolator uses a phase change (hereinafter referred to as “non-reciprocal phase shift effect”) that varies in magnitude depending on the propagation direction generated in the two optical waveguides that make up the optical interferometer. On the other hand, it is set so that the light wave propagating through the two optical waveguides has the same phase, and the backward wave propagating in the opposite direction is in opposite phase (Fig. 1 (a)).
- phase change hereinafter referred to as “non-reciprocal phase shift effect”
- the light wave incident from the central input terminal of the left branch coupler in the figure is output from the central output terminal of the right branch coupler in the figure, and conversely incident from the central output terminal of the right branch coupler in the figure.
- the light wave does not enter the central input terminal of the branch coupler on the left side of the figure, and can reverse-propagate light incident from the central output terminal of the branch coupler on the right side of the figure.
- Non-reciprocal phase-shift effect is a flat surface of a magneto-optic material It can be generated by orienting the magnetization of the magneto-optic material by applying a magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the propagation direction (lateral direction) in the waveguide plane from the outside.
- the phase change due to the magneto-optic effect is determined by the relationship between the propagation direction of light and the orientation direction of magnetization, and the phase change differs when the propagation direction is reversed while maintaining the magnetization direction.
- the magnetic field is applied antiparallel to the two waveguides that make up the interferometer, so the phase difference of the light waves when propagating through the two waveguides for the same distance It corresponds to the nonreciprocal phase shift amount (difference in phase change between forward wave and backward wave). If a phase difference of + ⁇ occurs between the two waveguides due to the nonreciprocal phase shift effect with respect to the forward wave, a phase difference of ⁇ with a different sign will occur with respect to the backward wave. .
- the two waveguides composing the interferometer are provided with optical path length differences corresponding to 1 Z 4 wavelengths.
- the purpose of this is that light propagating in a waveguide with a long optical path, regardless of the direction, gives a large phase change by ⁇ Z2.
- a phase difference due to a nonreciprocal phase shift effect in a waveguide with a long optical path is less than that of a short waveguide (hereinafter referred to as “non-reciprocal phase shift phase difference”). If this occurs, the light wave propagating through the two waveguides will be in phase with the forward wave.
- a waveguide layer 1 0 3 using a semiconductor material is disposed on a compound semiconductor substrate 1 0 2, and a waveguide 1 0 4 is disposed on the waveguide layer 1 0 3.
- a branch coupler 1 0 5 is provided, and a nonreciprocal phase shifter 1 0 6 is further provided on the waveguide layer 1 0 3.
- the non-reciprocal phase shifter 10 6 includes a cladding layer 10 7 made of a magneto-optical material and a magnetic field applying means 1 0 8 for aligning the magnetization of the magneto-optical material in a predetermined direction.
- the magnetic field applying means 10 8 is formed on the cladding layer 10 7.
- FIG. 3 An example of the device dimensions of this optical isolator 101 is shown in Fig. 3 as a schematic top view.
- the nonreciprocal phase shift phase difference is proportional to the propagation distance. Therefore, the greater the nonreciprocal phase shift effect per unit propagation length, the shorter the propagation distance required to generate the / 2 phase difference.
- the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift per unit propagation length is 0.256 mm— 1 , and a nonreciprocal phase difference of ⁇ ⁇ 2 is obtained.
- the necessary propagation distance was 6.1-4 mm.
- a tapered branch coupler is used as the branch coupler 1 0 5.
- the length of the waveguide (hereinafter referred to as “coupled waveguide”) was required to be 0 ⁇ 4 1 mm.
- a rib-shaped waveguide is formed with a waveguide layer 10 3 of G a I n A s P having a refractive index of 3.36.
- the length of the bent waveguide portion was 0.78 mm.
- non-reciprocal phase shifter 1 0 6 requires a length of 6.1 4 mm, resulting in a vertical device length of 10 1 Required 10 0.08 mm.
- the device length in the width direction of this conventional optical isolator 101 is determined by the allowable radius of curvature of the S-shaped bending waveguide and the amount of shift in the lateral direction.
- the amount of lateral shift is designed on the condition that 0.15 mm is required for one S-shaped bending waveguide. In other words, it is necessary to apply an antiparallel magnetic field to the portion of the waveguide 10 4 corresponding to the portion immediately below the non-reciprocal phase shifter 10 6, so the distance between the two waveguides must be 0.3 mm. There is. In this case, the radius of curvature (R) of the S-shaped bending waveguide needs to be 1.0 mm.
- the length in the direction (width direction) orthogonal to the light propagation direction is several times to several tens of times the width (several meters) of the waveguide.
- the element length is about (several ⁇ m to l 0 0/1 ⁇ ).
- the length of the element along the direction of light propagation was on the order of millimeters, which was a major problem for miniaturization of optical integrated circuits.
- the object of the present invention is to increase the refractive index of the waveguide layer and obtain the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift at each refractive index.
- the purpose is to provide an optical isolation device that shortens the device length by setting the thickness of the wave layer and ensuring the difference between the operating wavelength and the bandgap wavelength.
- the present invention relates to an optical isolator, and the object of the present invention includes a substrate, a waveguide layer lattice-matched to the plate, and a nonreciprocal phase shifter, and the waveguide layer includes the waveguide layer.
- An optical isolator having a waveguide to be guided and a bending waveguide and having a branch coupler disposed therein, wherein the waveguide layer has a refractive index of 3.36 by changing a semiconductor composition. This is achieved by making it larger.
- the above object of the present invention is to provide an optical element that has a thickness at which the waveguide layer generates a maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift with respect to the refractive index of the waveguide layer. Effectively achieved.
- the above object of the present invention is to provide a length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter of 6.1.
- the above object of the present invention is to provide the bending waveguide having a curvature radius of 1 ⁇
- the object of the present invention is that the branching coupler is a multimode interference. This is achieved more effectively by providing an optical isolator that is a type branch coupler.
- the above-described object of the present invention can be achieved more effectively by providing an optical isolator having a device length of less than 10.8 mm.
- the above object of the present invention can be achieved more effectively by providing an optical isolation where the waveguide layer is an m-V compound semiconductor.
- the object of the present invention is that the substrate is In P, and the waveguide layer is Gax I nx AS y Pi— y (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1). This is accomplished more effectively by providing an isolator.
- the optical isolator of the present invention since the refractive index can be increased as compared with the conventional waveguide, the nonreciprocal phase shift effect per unit propagation length can be increased. The phase amount can be increased. Therefore, the device length of the optical isolator can be reduced and the device can be reduced in size.
- the optical confinement effect in the lateral direction can be enhanced by increasing the refractive index of the waveguide layer, the radius of curvature of the S-shaped bent waveguide can be reduced. Therefore, the device length of the optical isolator can be further shortened, and the size can be reduced.
- the length of the non-reciprocal phase shifter is less than 6.14 mm and the radius of curvature of the S-shaped waveguide is less than 1.0 O mm, so that the length of the S-shaped waveguide in the vertical direction is 0.
- the coupler length can be less than 0.4 1 mm, which allows the device length of the optical isolator to be less than 10 0.08 mm.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the operation principle of an interference optical isolator.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional interference type optical isolator.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of the structure of a conventional optical isolator.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional taper branch coupler.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example of the structure of the optical isolator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between a compound semiconductor material and its band gap wavelength.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the band gap wavelength and the refractive index of the waveguiding layer.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of the waveguide layer and the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift in the optical isolator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguide layer of the optical isolator according to the present invention and the thickness of the waveguide layer that provides the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguide layer of the optical isolator according to the present invention and the leakage ratio of the optical power to the crack H layer.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguide layer of the optical isolator according to the present invention and the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter.
- FIG. 13 is a BB ′ cross-sectional view of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the radius of curvature and the amount of bending loss in the bending waveguide shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the relationship between the radius of curvature and the amount of bending loss in the bending waveguide shown in FIG.
- Fig. 17 is a diagram showing a two-dimensional example of a staircase refractive index waveguide of the MMI cutler.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of modes in the staircase refractive index waveguide of the MMI cutler.
- FIG. 19 is an example of a mode cross-sectional view of the multimode waveguide of the M M I tubbra.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a multimode interference branch coupler.
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing another example of the optical isolator of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 2 is a sectional view taken along the line DD ′ of FIG. 21.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of the waveguide layer of the optical isolator according to another embodiment of the present invention and the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguide layer of the optical isolator according to another embodiment of the present invention and the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example of an optical isolator 1 according to the present invention, and is a drawing corresponding to the conventional optical isolator 110 1 of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 5, and is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical isolator 1.
- the optical isolator 1 includes a substrate 2, a waveguide layer 3, and a nonreciprocal phase shifter 4, and the waveguide layer 3 has a waveguide that guides the waveguide layer 3. 5 and a bending waveguide 6 are formed, and a branch coupler 7 is provided.
- the optical isolator 1 is formed on the substrate 2 using a semiconductor material so as to be lattice-matched to the substrate 2, the waveguide 5 and the bending waveguide 6 are formed, and the branch coupler 7 is provided.
- the waveguide layer 3 is disposed, and the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 is disposed on the waveguide layer 3. It is configured.
- the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 includes a cladding layer 8 made of a magneto-optic material and a magnetic field applying means 9 for aligning the magnetization of the magneto-optic material in a predetermined direction.
- a magnetic field applying means 9 is arranged.
- the optical isolator 1 uses a multimode interference type branch coupler as the branch coupler 7 as shown in the figure.
- the multi-mode interference branch coupler includes an input unit M M I coupler 7 1 disposed on the laser beam input side and an output unit M M I coupler 7 2 disposed on the output side.
- the length of the bending waveguide 6 is 0.5 5 mm
- the length of the input MM I coupler 7 1 is 0.25 mm
- the length of the output MM I coupler 7 2 is 0. 0 5 mm.
- the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 is 3.73 mm (previously it was 6.14 mm). Since the optical isolator 1 is configured in this way, the device length, which was conventionally 0.08 mm, can be shortened to 5.68 mm.
- the length of each component of the optical isolator 1 described above is an example of an optimum embodiment, and changes in the thickness and refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 described later, the operating wavelength ⁇ of the semiconductor laser, etc.
- the length of each of these components also changes.
- the object of the present invention can be achieved if an optical isolator 1 having a device length of less than 1.08 mm can be obtained.
- the optical isolator 1 is provided with two waveguides 5 and 5 below the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4.
- the distance between the two waveguides 5 and 5 is 0.3 mm.
- the waveguide layer 3 is formed in the same process as the active layer of the semiconductor laser using a compound semiconductor material.
- the waveguide layer 3 of the optical isolator 1 and the active layer of the semiconductor laser can be grown simultaneously using the same material, and the optical axis alignment in the thickness direction is automatically performed. To be achieved.
- the waveguide layer 3 used in the optical isolator 1 has a refractive index greater than 3.36 by changing the semiconductor composition.
- the waveguide layer 3 is made of an m—V group compound semiconductor.
- a waveguiding layer 3 as shown in the diagram of the relationship between the compound semiconductor material and its band gap wavelength in FIG. 7, for example, G axl ri— x A s y P ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ G ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ — x G ay A s x _ y (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) can be used.
- G axlr] ⁇ — x AS y Pi— y is used as the waveguiding layer 3 will be described.
- waveguiding layers composed of other IE-V group compound semiconductors are also described. It is the same.
- the waveguide layer 3 using G a I n A s P has a lattice matching that matches the lattice constant of the I n P substrate 2 in order to improve the crystallinity of G a I n A s P. have. Without changing this lattice matching, changing the X and y values of G ax I ri i—x AS y P i _ y to change the semiconductor composition, the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 is changed, Adjust the refractive index so that it is greater than 3.36.
- Figure 8 shows the relationship between the node gap wavelength and the refractive index of the waveguiding layer.
- the semiconductor laser wavelength is set to 1.55 m
- Ga In As P is used as the waveguiding layer 3
- Ga InAsP which is the waveguiding layer 3
- It is lattice matched to I n P.
- the gap gap wavelength is longer than the operating wavelength.
- a s P cannot be used for the waveguiding layer. This is because G a In As P, which has a longer bandgap wavelength than the operating wavelength, absorbs light at the operating wavelength with high efficiency. This is because it is inappropriate as a waveguide layer of an optical isolator. Therefore, GaInAsP having a bandgap wavelength shorter than the operating wavelength is used for the waveguide layer 3.
- GaInAsP which has a much shorter band gap wavelength than the operating wavelength, is used for the waveguide layer.
- the band gap wavelength is 0.1 m shorter than the operating wavelength, Ga In As P, light absorption in the waveguide 5 is sufficiently small.
- the thickness of the waveguide layer 3 is a thickness that generates the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift with respect to the operating wavelength of the semiconductor laser.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of the waveguide layer 3 and the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift. That is, the graph shows an example of the result of calculating the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift by changing the thickness of the waveguide layer 3 while keeping the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 constant.
- Magneto-optical materials that provide nonreciprocal phase shifts were used as the GaInAsP and cladding layer 8 of 3 6 and 3.45.
- the thickness of the waveguiding layer 3 that provides the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift is 0.4 4 m when the waveguiding layer 3 has a refractive index of 3.36.
- the refractive index of the wave layer is 3.45, it is 0.36111.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 and the thickness of the waveguide layer 3 at which the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 10, the thickness of the waveguiding layer 3 at which this maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift is obtained changes as the refractive index of the waveguiding layer 3 changes.
- a semiconductor laser wavelength ⁇ 1.55 zm, and a GaInAsP waveguide layer is used as the waveguide layer 3.
- the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 includes a cladding layer 8 made of a magneto-optical material and a magnetic field applying means for aligning the magnetization of the magneto-optical material in a predetermined direction. 9 and the magnetic field applying means 9 is disposed on the cladding layer 8.
- a crystal grown on a suitable substrate is used (this substrate is located between the cladding layer 8 and the magnetic field applying means 9), but this substrate is omitted in the figure. Yes.
- a pair of small permanent magnets arranged so that the same polarity is opposite to each other are used as the magnetic field applying means 9.
- various materials can be used as long as they have the same function as a small permanent magnet in order to align the magnetization of the magneto-optical material used for the cladding layer 8 in a predetermined direction.
- the magnetic optical material itself used for the cladding layer 8 may be magnetized in advance without providing the magnetic field applying means 9.
- the item in (2) is an effect that works in the opposite direction to the item in (1), and the optical power to the magneto-optic material depends on which of the items (2) and (1) is superior. There are two types of leaks: increase or decrease.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguiding layer 3 and the optical power leakage rate to the cladding layer 8.
- a waveguide layer with sufficient thickness was used, and Ce: YIG was used as the cladding layer 8.
- Fig. 1 1 it can be seen that when the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 increases, the cladding layer 8 It can be seen that the leakage of optical power to the light increases. That is, when the leakage ratio of the optical power of the conventional waveguide layer having a refractive index of 3.36 and the waveguide layer 3 of the present invention having a refractive index of 3.45 is compared, the leakage ratio of the optical power is about 1 . 0% increase. Therefore, it can be seen in Fig. 11 that the effect of item (2) is superior to the effect of item (1).
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 and the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4.
- the non-reciprocal phase shift ⁇ 4 increases the leakage of the optical path to the clad layer 8 and the length of the non-reciprocal phase shifter 4 increases from the conventional 6.14 mm to It can be seen that the length can be shortened to the length obtained by the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 where the difference between the band gap wavelength and the operating wavelength is a certain value or more.
- the optical isolator 1 In order to prevent this bending loss to the maximum extent, it is necessary to enhance the optical confinement effect on the core portion of the waveguide 5 (the portion where the light waves are concentrated in the transverse direction in the waveguide layer 3).
- an S-shaped waveguide is used as the bending waveguide 6.
- the bending loss when the radius of curvature is changed in the bending waveguide 6 is compared between the conventional optical isolator 10 1 and the optical isolator 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of B 1 B of Fig. 3 showing a conventional optical isolator 10 0 1
- Fig. 14 is a bent waveguide (refractive index of the waveguide layer) shown in Fig. 13.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the radius of curvature and the amount of bending loss at 3.36 and operating wavelength 1.55 m).
- Fig. 15 shows the optical isolator of the present invention.
- Fig. 16 shows the radius of curvature in the bent waveguide 6 shown in Fig. 15 (the refractive index of the conducting layer 3 is 3.45 and the operating wavelength is 1.55 / zm). It is a figure which shows the change of the bending loss at the time of changing.
- the bending loss measurement values plotted in Fig. 14 and Fig. 16 are closer to the reality, and are actually measured values including scattering loss. Value. Also, the bending loss measurement values shown in FIGS. 14 and 16 are the loss values in one section of the bending waveguide 6.
- the bending waveguide 6 of the optical isolator 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 15 has a radius of curvature R smaller than 1.0 mm as shown in FIG. Bending loss increases slowly but does not increase rapidly.
- the bending waveguide 6 of the optical isolator 1 of the present invention has an optical confinement effect with respect to the core portion of the waveguide 5, thereby effectively suppressing the bending loss. Therefore, since the radius of curvature R of the bending waveguide 6 can be made smaller than 1.0 mm, the device length of the bending waveguide 6 can be shortened, thereby reducing the device length of the optical isolator 1. Can be downsized.
- a multimode interference branch coupler including the input unit M M I coupler ⁇ 1 and the output unit M M I coupler 7 2 is used as the branch coupler 7.
- the length of the coupling waveguide, which is the portion where the light wave is branched and coupled can be shortened, and the optical isolator 1 can be further miniaturized.
- the input unit MMI force coupler 7 1 is provided with three input waveguides and two output waveguides
- the output unit MMI coupler 7 2 is provided with two input waveguides. An input waveguide and one output waveguide are provided.
- the difference in structure between the input unit and the output unit is that In the case of the interferometric branch coupler, the input MMI coupler 7 1 needs to efficiently radiate the light wave incident in the opposite phase to the outside, so provide three input waveguides and two output waveguides. On the other hand, in the output MMI coupler 72, the light waves propagating through the two waveguides (input waveguides) that make up the interferometer enter the output MMI coupler 72 in the same phase. This is because only one output waveguide needs to be provided.
- the conventional tapered branch coupler 10 05 shown in FIG. 4 has three input waveguides and two output waveguides on the input side, and two on the output side. An input waveguide and three output waveguides are provided, and there is no difference in configuration between the input side and the output side. Therefore, since the multimode interference branch coupler is smaller than the tapered branch coupler, if the multimode interference branch coupler is used as the branch coupler 7, the optical isolator 1 can be downsized. Can be planned.
- the M M I couplers 71 and 72 have a multimode waveguide structure that allows a large number of waveguide modes. Therefore, a waveguide (generally a single mode waveguide) is usually placed at the start and end to receive light and to extract light from a multimode waveguide. Since the multimode waveguide is a stepped refractive index waveguide, the mode order in the transverse direction of the cross section is much larger than the mode order in the longitudinal direction of the cross section. For this reason, the cross-sectional longitudinal direction is the same in all modes, and it can be assumed that there are many modes only in the lateral direction, and it can be assumed that the mode behaves horizontally in the waveguide. Therefore, in the following description, a two-dimensional multimode waveguide will be explained by giving generality to the two-dimensional structure of the cross-sectional direction and the mode traveling direction.
- MMI couplers 7 1 and 7 2 have a slab waveguide structure. And has a two-dimensional diagram as shown in FIG. Incidentally, W M stairs refractive index waveguide width in the figure, nr is Li Tsu di partial equivalent refractive index, n c denotes the class head portion equivalent refractive index.
- w e indicates the effective width. Many modes with different propagation velocities are excited in such a wide region (multimode waveguide).
- Figure 19 shows a cross-sectional view of the transverse mode of a multimode waveguide.
- L ⁇ represents the difference in vibration length between the fundamental mode and the primary mode.
- Incident surface completely, including the W e in the good sea urchin, a zeta 0 starting point, it is possible to decompose the entire mode distribution.
- the taper-shaped branch coupler brings the waveguide close to each other and gradually branches the light to another waveguide or gradually couples the light from the other waveguide.
- the multi-mode interference branch coupler forms an appropriate light intensity distribution by exciting the mode, and splits light or propagates light to combine them.
- the optical isolator 1 can be miniaturized. Next, an embodiment will be described with respect to the miniaturized structure of each part constituting the optical isolator 1 in comparison with the conventional dimensions.
- G aln A s P is used as the waveguiding layer 3 and the thickness of the waveguiding layer 3 with respect to the operating wavelength is maintained while maintaining lattice matching with the substrate 2 (InP).
- the refractive index of the waveguiding layer 3 is increased by changing the semiconductor composition.
- the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 when the thickness of the waveguiding layer 3 that generates the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift relative to the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 is as follows. This will be described with reference to FIG.
- the waveguide layer 3 (& 1 11 8 3 -waveguide layer) has a thickness of 0.4 4 111, a refractive index of 3.3 6 and a length of nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 of 6.1 4 mm.
- the length of nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 to obtain the nonreciprocal phase shift effect of ⁇ Z 2 is 3.73 mm.
- the refractive index is 3.45 and the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 is 3.73 mm as an example to clarify the numerical values.
- the operating wavelength ⁇ and the refractive index are variable values. the difference between the dependent bandgap wavelength lambda g can a certain amount secured, it is possible to shorten the length of the non-reciprocal phase shifter 4 by increasing the refractive index as long as the allowable attenuation of Les one laser light .
- the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 As the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 is increased, the optical confinement effect in the lateral direction in the waveguide 5 is enhanced, and the radius of curvature can be reduced to 0.5 mm. By reducing the radius of curvature to 0.5 mm, the device length of the bent waveguide 6 is 0.55 mm in order to obtain a lateral shift of 0.15 mm. Downsizing Is achieved.
- the radius of curvature of the bent waveguide 6 is determined by the operating wavelength, the thickness of the waveguide layer 3 corresponding to the operating wavelength, and the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3. For this reason, the numerical value of the radius of curvature described above is an example, and a lateral light confinement effect can be obtained. As long as the attenuation of the laser beam is within an allowable range from the relationship between the operating wavelength and the band gap wavelength, the radius of curvature is It is possible to further reduce the device length of the bent waveguide 6 by making it smaller.
- the dimensions of the conventional tapered branch coupler 10 5 are 0.4 l mm for both the input and output tapered branch couplers 10 5. It was.
- the dimensions when the multimode interference branch coupler is used as in the present invention are 0.25 mm for the input MMI coupler 7 1 and MM I for the output.
- the coupler 7 2 is 0.05 mm.
- the device length of about 0.52 mm can be shortened and the optical isolator 1 can be miniaturized as compared with the case where a taper branch coupler is used.
- the device length of the MMI couplers 7 1 and 7 2 is an example, but by using the MMI couplers 7 1 and 7 2 in this way, the optical length of the MMI couplers 7 1 and 7 2 is more than that when using a conventional taper-type branch coupler.
- the isolator 1 can be downsized. In addition, the optical isolator 1 can be further downsized depending on the M M I coupler used.
- the configuration of the optical isolator according to the present invention can be changed as follows. Note that the lower cladding layer 10 is provided on the substrate. Since the other configuration except for and is the same as that of the optical isolator described above, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- the nonreciprocal phase shifter is configured to include the cladding layer 8 and the magnetic field applying means 9 as described above, but in the following, the cladding layer 8 will be referred to as the upper cladding layer for ease of understanding. Indicated as 8. As shown in the perspective view in FIG. 21 and in the DD ′ cross section of FIG. 2 1 in FIG.
- the optical isolator 1 ′ has the substrate 2, the lower cladding layer 10, and The waveguide 5 and the bending waveguide 6 are formed, and the waveguide layer 3 in which the branch coupler 7 is disposed and the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 are provided.
- the optical isolator 1 ′ first forms a crystal-grown lower cladding layer 10 on the substrate 2.
- a waveguide layer 3 crystal-grown using a semiconductor material is disposed.
- a nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 including an upper cladding layer 8 and a magnetic field applying means 9 is disposed on the waveguide layer 3.
- the waveguide layer 3 is provided with a waveguide 5 and a bending waveguide 6 that guide the waveguide layer 3, and a branch coupler 7 is provided. It is installed.
- the lower cladding layer 10 is provided for the purpose of increasing the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift, it is sufficient that the lower cladding layer 10 is inserted at least in the position shown in the figure. It may be formed on the entire surface of the substrate 2.
- the device length of the optical isolator 1 ′ can be shortened by increasing the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3.
- the device length of the optical isolator 1 ' can be further shortened. It can be downsized.
- FIG. 23 shows the relationship between the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift and the thickness of the waveguide layer 3. That is, the graph shows the change in the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift accompanying the change in the thickness of the waveguide layer 3 when the refractive index (n ue ) of the lower cladding layer 10 is constant.
- the refractive index of the waveguide layer 3 and the refractive index of the lower cladding layer 10 are constant. It can be seen that the amount of phase shift varies with the thickness of the waveguide layer 3. In FIG. 23, the thickness of the waveguiding layer 3 at which the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift is obtained is 0.18 m.
- the reciprocal phase shifter 4 required for the optical isolator 1 ′ has the refraction index of the waveguide layer 3.
- the length of the lower cladding layer 1 0 index of refraction n uc Figure 24 shows the result of calculation using as a parameter.
- a compound semiconductor (A 1 InAs) containing aluminum is formed under the waveguiding layer 3 by crystal growth, and then the refractive index of the A1InAs layer is lowered by oxidizing the compound semiconductor.
- the method (1) can form the lower cladding layer 10 of the air with the lowest refractive index, but removes the substrate 2 located directly under the waveguide layer 3, so that the actual cladding layer 10 is formed. Mechanical vulnerabilities can be problematic in use.
- the lower cladding layer 10 having a low refractive index while being solid can be formed between the substrate 2 and the waveguide layer 3. For this reason, the problem of the mechanical vulnerability as described above can be avoided while shortening the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4 and hence the device length of the optical isolator 1 ′. It has been experimentally obtained that the refractive index of the lower cladding layer 10 formed by oxidizing the A 1 InAs layer by the method (2) is 2.39.
- the operating wavelength ⁇ 1.55
- the propagation distance required to obtain the maximum amount of nonreciprocal phase shift by increasing the refractive index of the waveguide layer As a result, the device length of the optical isolation is shortened and the device can be miniaturized.
- the operating wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 1.31 m
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the waveguide layer 3 and the amount of nonreciprocal phase shift.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index of the waveguiding layer 3 and the length of the nonreciprocal phase shifter 4.
- FIG. 26 shows a result of calculating the propagation distance necessary for obtaining the non-reciprocal phase shift amount of ⁇ Z 2 necessary for the operation of the optical isolator 1 at each refractive index of the waveguide layer 3. It is fu.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/223,409 US20090034909A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-30 | Optical Isolator |
JP2007556942A JPWO2007088998A1 (ja) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-30 | 光アイソレータ |
EP07707996A EP1980895A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-30 | Optical isolator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006021952 | 2006-01-31 | ||
JP2006-021952 | 2006-01-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007088998A1 true WO2007088998A1 (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
Family
ID=38327563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/051866 WO2007088998A1 (ja) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-30 | 光アイソレータ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090034909A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1980895A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2007088998A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080100213A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101375200A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007088998A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010224335A (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-10-07 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 異種材料接合体 |
JP2012255987A (ja) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-27 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 偏波選択性多モード干渉導波路デバイス |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7680370B2 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2010-03-16 | Doohwan Lee | Optical wavelength coupler using multi-mode interference |
WO2008117527A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | 高輝度発光ダイオード |
US20100238536A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Juejun Hu | Integrated silicon/silicon-germanium magneto-optic isolator |
US8686382B2 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2014-04-01 | Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Opto-isolator that uses a nontransparent hollow tube as the optical waveguide extending between the transmitter and receiver modules of the opto-isolator |
JP5720354B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2015-05-20 | 富士通株式会社 | 光導波路素子及び光ハイブリッド回路 |
WO2015024161A1 (zh) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种隔离器、隔离系统及光线隔离方法 |
CN104090375B (zh) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-09-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | 光隔离装置和光隔离方法 |
CN106200024A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 欧阳征标 | 磁光薄膜磁表面快波光二极管 |
CN106154416B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳大学 | 无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导 |
CN108107507B (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-12-10 | 电子科技大学 | 一种mmi型磁光隔离器及其制备方法 |
JP2021527839A (ja) | 2018-04-04 | 2021-10-14 | ザ リサーチ ファンデーション フォー ザ ステート ユニバーシティ オブ ニューヨーク | 集積フォトニクスプラットフォーム上の異質構造体 |
JP7208098B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-25 | 2023-01-18 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光アイソレータ及び光源装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07253516A (ja) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-10-03 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | モードフィールド径拡大光導波路及びその製造方法 |
JP2001350039A (ja) * | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-21 | Tokyo Inst Of Technol | 光アイソレータ及び光エレクトロニクス装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100524580B1 (ko) * | 2003-10-13 | 2005-10-31 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Mmi 구조를 이용한 집적 광 아이솔레이터 |
US7260281B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2007-08-21 | Intel Corporation | Integratable optical isolator in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration |
-
2007
- 2007-01-30 JP JP2007556942A patent/JPWO2007088998A1/ja active Pending
- 2007-01-30 WO PCT/JP2007/051866 patent/WO2007088998A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-01-30 EP EP07707996A patent/EP1980895A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-01-30 KR KR1020087021082A patent/KR20080100213A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-01-30 US US12/223,409 patent/US20090034909A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-01-30 CN CNA200780003971XA patent/CN101375200A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07253516A (ja) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-10-03 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | モードフィールド径拡大光導波路及びその製造方法 |
JP2001350039A (ja) * | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-21 | Tokyo Inst Of Technol | 光アイソレータ及び光エレクトロニクス装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
SHOJI Y. ET AL.: "Fabrication of Ultracompact Optical Isolatorwith Si-Photonic Wire Waveguides", LASERS AND ELECTRONICS, CLEO/PACIFIC RIM 2005, vol. CTUK1-2, August 2005 (2005-08-01), pages 67 - 68, XP010871606 * |
SHOJI Y. ET AL.: "Si Saisen Doharo o Mochiita Cho Kogata Hikari Isolator no tameno Mach-Zehnder Kanshokei no Seisaku to Hyomen Kasseika Shori Setsugo no Kento", 2005 NEN IEICE ELECTRONICS SOCIETY TAIKAI, vol. CS-8-9, 7 September 2005 (2005-09-07), pages S-85 - S-86, XP003015878 * |
TAKENAKA M. ET AL.: "Proposal of a novel semiconductor optical waveguide isolator", 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, 16 May 1999 (1999-05-16) - 20 May 1999 (1999-05-20), pages 289 - 292, XP000974917 * |
YOKOI H. ET AL.: "Selective oxidation for enhancement of magneto-optic effect in optical isolator with semiconductor guiding layer", ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 37, no. 4, 15 February 2001 (2001-02-15), pages 240 - 241, XP006016266 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010224335A (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-10-07 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 異種材料接合体 |
JP2012255987A (ja) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-27 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 偏波選択性多モード干渉導波路デバイス |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2007088998A1 (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
US20090034909A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
CN101375200A (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
KR20080100213A (ko) | 2008-11-14 |
EP1980895A1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2007088998A1 (ja) | 光アイソレータ | |
Sakai et al. | Low loss ultra-small branches in a silicon photonic wire waveguide | |
US6975664B1 (en) | Article comprising a two-dimensional photonic crystal coupler and method of making the same | |
US8749871B2 (en) | On-chip miniature optical isolator | |
US11092826B2 (en) | Magneto-optical waveguide device and coupling methods | |
JP2008147209A (ja) | 光半導体装置および光導波路装置 | |
JPWO2008084584A1 (ja) | 光導波路素子および偏光分離方法 | |
Cherchi et al. | The Euler bend: paving the way for high-density integration on micron-scale semiconductor platforms | |
JP2001350039A (ja) | 光アイソレータ及び光エレクトロニクス装置 | |
Nakayama et al. | Single trench SiON waveguide TE-TM mode converter | |
US12007632B2 (en) | Optical isolator and light source device | |
CN112711147A (zh) | 一种与偏振无关的铌酸锂光隔离器 | |
US10985521B2 (en) | Ridge waveguide laser device | |
JP4171831B2 (ja) | シリコン導波層を有する光非相反素子 | |
EP2746839A1 (en) | Optical isolator | |
WO2007108544A1 (ja) | 偏波無依存光アイソレータ | |
JP2006323137A (ja) | 光合流分岐回路及び光合分波回路 | |
WO2006103850A1 (ja) | 導波路素子及びレーザ発生器 | |
Wu et al. | Design of on-chip power transport and coupling components for a silicon woodpile accelerator | |
JP2736158B2 (ja) | 光導波路及び光増幅器 | |
Kakihara et al. | Generalized simple theory for estimating lateral leakage loss behavior in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides | |
CN113826041B (zh) | 光隔离器和光源装置 | |
JP2010123688A (ja) | 一体集積型光アイソレータ及びその製造方法 | |
WO2014156959A1 (ja) | 端面光結合型シリコン光集積回路 | |
Fujie et al. | Silicon waveguide optical isolator integrated with TE-TM mode converter |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2007556942 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12223409 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 200780003971.X Country of ref document: CN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007707996 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020087021082 Country of ref document: KR |