WO2007087755A1

WO2007087755A1 - Automatically tracing and control method and system of solar cell

Info

Publication number: WO2007087755A1
Application number: PCT/CN2007/000366
Authority: WO
Inventors: Binxuan Yi
Original assignee: Binxuan Yi
Priority date: 2006-02-03
Filing date: 2007-02-02
Publication date: 2007-08-09

Abstract

An automatically tracing and control method and system of solar cell. The method detects the current value and/or voltage value generated from the solar cell by the automatically tracing and control circuit, compares the detected values by fuzzy algorithm, and then adjusts an automatic control actuator by the automatically tracing and control circuit so as to make the current value and/or voltage value of the solar cell reach maximum. Therefore the method ultimately achieves that the sunlight always keeps irradiating directly to the solar battery.

Description

Automatic control method and system for solar battery

Technical field

The invention provides an automatic tracking control method and system for a solar battery, which is particularly suitable for a photovoltaic power generation system composed of single and polycrystalline silicon solar panels, and belongs to the field of automatic control. Background technique

At present, because the production technology of high-purity single and polycrystalline silicon is monopolized in the hands of a few high-tech enterprises, the price of crystalline silicon is high, and the solar photovoltaic power generation system requires a large amount of single and polycrystalline silicon. Therefore, the large-scale promotion and application of solar power generation is currently blocked. Many domestic markets are unacceptable because the price of solar panels is too expensive. At the same time, domestic and foreign experts have found that the use of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells under normal solar light is actually overkill, because photovoltaic cells can withstand more High light intensity, the current emitted increases proportionally without affecting the life of the photovoltaic cell. If the light intensity of the photovoltaic cell area is increased by several times or even hundreds of times of concentrating light, the area of the photovoltaic cell outputting the same power current can be The size of the solar panel can be greatly reduced, and the price of the solar cell can be greatly reduced to reach the level that the user can receive.

By concentrating to improve the efficiency of solar power generation, there have been some industrialization attempts at home and abroad. For example, using Fresnel lens to achieve 3 ~ 7 times of concentrating, an octahedral concentrating funnel, etc.; these techniques are concentrated by collecting sunlight directly on the solar panel of the concentrated concentrating solar panel onto the panel. The effect, but due to the rotation of the earth, the illumination of the sun changes all the time. If the sun is shining directly on the strong concentrating solar panel, it is necessary to design a device that can automatically track the sun. The solar panel moves as the sun moves. However, the size of the earth is vast, the angle of the sun is different in each area, and each point needs to be adjusted to different angles to achieve direct sunlight, and different adjustments are needed at different times to adapt to a global product. The scope is very difficult, so there is an urgent need for a technology that can solve this problem.

At the same time, because the area of the strong concentrating solar panel is greatly reduced, the accuracy of tracking the sun is relatively high, so the tracker is very high, and there are many designs at home and abroad, depending on the time. Designed, also used to manually control fine-tuning semi-automatic, etc., the purpose is to provide an automatic tracking control system that is practical, simple and cheap, but the effect is not satisfactory. Summary of the invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic tracking control method and system for a solar cell that can always keep sunlight directly on a solar cell, thereby greatly improving the power generation efficiency of the solar cell.

To achieve the above object, the present invention is an automatic tracking control method for a solar cell, including the following steps:

A, start and initialize the automatic tracking control circuit;

B. The automatic tracking control circuit detects and records the current value and/or voltage value currently generated by the solar cell installed on the automatic control actuator. If the measured current value and/or voltage value is large, step C is performed. Otherwise, perform step E;

C. The automatic tracking control circuit adjusts the automatic control actuator until the maximum current value and/or voltage value generated by the solar battery is detected and recorded;

D. The automatic tracking control circuit detects the current value and/or the voltage value of the solar cell in real time or timing. If the current value and/or the voltage value is suddenly reduced, the automatic control actuator is readjusted until the solar energy is restored. The battery generates a maximum current value and / or voltage value; if the maximum current value and / or voltage value can not be restored, then step E;

E, the automatic tracking control circuit starts timing, if it is detected within a predetermined time that the current value and / or voltage value generated by the solar battery suddenly becomes larger, then return to step C, otherwise perform step F;

F. The automatic tracking control circuit stops driving the automatic control actuator.

According to the automatic tracking control method of the present invention, the automatic tracking control circuit includes a single chip circuit composed of a single chip microcomputer, the automatic control actuator includes a first motor that drives the rotation of the solar cell; and the solar cell is detected and recorded by the single chip circuit The current value and/or the voltage value are controlled by the single-chip circuit to operate the first motor.

According to the automatic tracking control method of the present invention, the step C includes:

The single-chip circuit starts the first motor to drive the solar battery to rotate in the forward direction, and the single-chip circuit detects and records the current value and/or the voltage value generated by the current solar cell in real time or timing, and compares with the previous data: if the detected current value And/or the voltage value is larger than the previous data, further driving the solar cell to rotate in the forward direction; and if the detected current value and/or voltage value is smaller than the previous data, the single chip circuit stops the first motor from being driven forward, and The first motor drives the solar cell to rotate in the reverse direction until it returns to the position where the current value and/or the voltage value is the largest.

According to the automatic tracking control method of the present invention, the step D includes: If the single-chip circuit detects that the current value and/or the voltage value suddenly becomes smaller, the first motor re-drives the solar cell to rotate forward, and detects and compares the current value and/or voltage value generated by the current solar cell in real time or at a time until recovery. To the position where the current value and / or voltage value are the largest.

According to the automatic tracking control method of the present invention, the step F includes:

When the first motor drives the solar cell to rotate to the leftmost position, the left position switch is turned on, then the single chip circuit stops the forward drive of the first motor; the first motor drives the solar cell to rotate in the reverse direction, when the solar cell is reversed When the right-position switch is turned to the rightmost position, the MCU circuit stops the reverse drive of the first motor.

According to the automatic tracking control method of the present invention, the solar cell is a strong concentrating solar cell panel.

According to the automatic tracking control method of the present invention, the automatic control actuator further includes a second motor for adjusting an elevation angle of the solar cell, and the step C further includes: controlling the second motor to adjust the solar cell and the sun by the single chip circuit The elevation angle until the solar cell produces a maximum current value and/or voltage value.

The invention also provides a system for realizing the above-mentioned automatic tracking control method for a solar cell, which comprises an automatic control executing mechanism and an automatic tracking control circuit composed of a single chip microcomputer and an ISA chip, the automatic tracking control circuit comprising:

The single chip circuit is the control center of the automatic tracking control circuit;

An output control interface circuit for adjusting the automatic control actuator according to control of the single chip circuit;

A solar current and/or voltage input interface circuit for inputting solar current and/or voltage for detection by the microcontroller circuit.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, the automatic tracking control circuit further includes: an in-position switch input interface circuit for detecting whether the automatic control actuator is in position; a reference power generation circuit for generating a reference voltage to enter the Vref end of the single chip microcomputer ;

a charging control circuit for controlling charging of the battery; and/or

A charging voltage input interface circuit for detecting the voltage of the battery.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, the automatic tracking control circuit further includes: an ambient temperature input interface circuit for inputting the current ambient temperature, and the single-chip circuit determines the current ambient temperature input, if the current environment When the temperature is greater than the preset normal temperature range, adjust from Dynamically controlling the actuator to deviate the solar cell from the focus area of the sun, otherwise adjust the automatic control actuator to allow the solar cell to enter the solar focus area; and/or

The remote communication interface circuit is configured to implement communication between the single-chip microcomputer circuit and a remote computer, and the single-chip computer circuit performs various operations under the control of a remote computer.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, the single chip microcomputer constituting the single chip circuit has at least a multi-channel A/D converter and a pulse width modulator, and the A/D converter is used for detecting a current value and/or a voltage value of the solar cell. The pulse width modulator is configured to control the output control interface circuit.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, the solar cell is a strong concentrating solar panel.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, the automatic control actuator includes a first motor and a rotating shaft that is driven to rotate by the first motor, the solar battery is mounted on the rotating shaft, and the first motor is controlled by the first output The first circuit is provided with a set of positive and negative electrodes. If the positive and negative electrodes of the group are positively turned on, the first motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate in the forward direction; if the positive and negative electrodes of the group are reversely connected, Then the first motor drives the rotary shaft to rotate in the reverse direction.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, the automatic control actuator further includes a second motor and a telescopic rod for adjusting the elevation angle of the solar cell by the second motor, and the second motor is controlled by the second output interface circuit Controlling; the second motor is provided with a set of positive and negative electrodes, if the positive and negative electrodes of the group are positively connected, the second motor drives the extension rod to extend; if the group of positive and negative electrodes is reversely connected, the second motor is driven The telescopic rod is contracted.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, the first motor and the second motor of the automatic control actuator are all equipped with a gearbox, and the first motor and the gearbox are connected to one end of the rotating shaft and drive the rotating shaft at 0°~ 180. Rotating within the range, and the first motor and the gearbox and the rotating shaft are mounted in the rotating shaft protection cover; the rotating shaft protection cover is respectively provided with left and right position switches, and the two in-position switches are respectively connected to the automatic tracking control circuit The two sets of in-position switch input interface circuits turn on the left/right in-position switch when the rotary axis is turned to the leftmost/right direction, and the single-chip circuit stops driving the first motor.

According to the automatic tracking control system of the present invention, a joint is disposed in the middle of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is divided into an upper rod and a lower rod by the joint, and is driven by the second motor, and the lower rod of the telescopic rod is The upper and lower rods of the telescopic rod are telescoped in the up and down direction, and the upper rod of the telescopic rod is moved in the left and right direction.

The invention detects the current value and/or the voltage value generated by the solar cell through the automatic tracking control circuit, and uses the fuzzy algorithm to perform the comparison processing, and then adjusts the automatic control through the automatic tracking control circuit. The actuators maximize the current and/or voltage values of the current solar cells, and ultimately achieve the goal of keeping the solar cells in direct direct sunlight. Thereby, the present invention greatly improves the power generation efficiency of the solar cell, and is structurally simple, low in cost, universal in use, and easy to manufacture and implement. DRAWINGS

1 is a flow chart of an automatic tracking control method for a solar cell of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view of an automatic tracking control system for a solar cell of the present invention;

3A to 3C are schematic views showing states of the rotating shaft at different positions according to the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the preferred structure of the automatic control actuator of the present invention;

5 is a flow chart 1 of an automatic tracking control method according to an embodiment of the present invention: a fuzzy control program segment; FIG. 6 is a flow chart 2 of an automatic tracking control method according to an embodiment of the present invention: a time control program segment; A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an automatic tracking control system for a battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention will now be described in further detail by the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides an automatic tracking control method for a solar cell, comprising: Step S101, starting and initializing an automatic tracking control circuit.

Step S102, the automatic tracking control circuit detects and records the current value and/or the voltage value currently generated by the solar cell installed on the automatic control actuator. If the measured current value and/or the voltage value is large, the step is performed. S103, otherwise step S105 is performed. The automatic tracking control circuit includes a single-chip circuit composed of a single-chip microcomputer, the automatic control actuator includes a first motor that drives rotation of the solar cell; and detects and records a current value and/or a voltage value of the solar battery through the single-chip circuit, and The first motor is controlled by the single chip circuit. The single-chip circuit can also be replaced by a computer circuit, but it is obvious that the cost of the single chip is lower. Further, the solar cell is preferably a strong concentrating solar cell panel, which can greatly reduce the area of the solar cell.

Step S103, the automatic tracking control circuit adjusts the automatic control actuator until the solar cell generates a maximum current value and/or a voltage value. In an embodiment of the invention, the single-chip circuit starts the first motor to drive the solar cell to rotate in the forward direction, and the current value and/or the voltage value generated by the current solar cell is detected and recorded by the single-chip circuit in real time or at a time, and the previous data is Compare: If the detected current value and / or voltage value is larger than the previous data, further drive the solar cell positive If the detected current value and/or voltage value is smaller than the previous data, the single-chip microcomputer stops the first motor from being driven forward, and the first motor drives the solar battery to rotate in the reverse direction until the current value is restored. Or the location with the highest voltage value. The automatic control actuator further includes a second motor for adjusting the elevation angle of the solar cell. In this step, the second motor can be controlled by the single-chip circuit to adjust the elevation angle of the solar cell and the sun until the maximum current value of the solar cell is generated. And / or voltage value.

Step S104, the automatic tracking control circuit continues to detect the current value and/or the voltage value of the solar cell in real time or timing. If the current value and/or the voltage value is suddenly reduced, the automatic control actuator is readjusted until Reverting to the solar cell produces a maximum current value and/or voltage value; if the maximum current value and/or voltage value cannot be restored, step S105 is performed. In an embodiment of the invention, if the single-chip circuit detects that the current value and/or the voltage value suddenly becomes smaller, the first motor re-drives the solar battery to rotate in the forward direction, and detects and compares the current value generated by the current solar battery in real time or at a time. / or voltage value, until it returns to the position where the current value and / or voltage value is the largest.

Step S105, the automatic tracking control circuit starts timing, and the automatic control actuator operates according to the time rule to drive the solar cell to rotate in the direction of solar motion. If the current value generated by the solar cell is detected within a predetermined timing time, If the voltage value suddenly becomes large, then return to step S103, otherwise step S106 is performed;

Step S106, the automatic tracking control circuit stops driving the automatic control executing mechanism. In an embodiment of the invention, when the first motor drives the solar cell to rotate to the leftmost position, the left position switch is turned on, and then the single chip circuit stops the forward driving of the first motor; the first motor drives the solar cell to reverse Rotating, when the solar cell is turned to the rightmost position in the reverse direction, the right-position switch is turned on, and the single-chip microcomputer circuit stops the reverse driving of the first motor.

Repeating the above detection and comparison process, the solar panel is always rotated following the movement of the sun, thereby maintaining the maximum value of the current generated by the solar panel.

2 shows the structure of an automatic tracking control system for a solar cell of the present invention, which is used to implement the automatic tracking control method shown in FIG. 1, and includes an automatic control actuator 30 and an automatic tracking control circuit composed of a single chip microcomputer and a peripheral chip. The automatic tracking control circuit includes:

The single chip circuit 20 is the control center of the entire automatic tracking control circuit. The single chip microcomputer constituting the single chip circuit 20 is a control core, and the single chip microcomputer has at least a multi-channel A/D converter and a pulse width modulator (PWM), and the A/D converter is used for detecting a current value and/or a voltage value of the solar cell. , The PWM is used to control the regulated output control interface circuit 21. A single-chip microcomputer having an 8-bit multi-channel A/D converter and two PWM functions, such as the EM78P458 or PIC16C72 of Taiwan Elan, is responsible for performing analog signals such as voltage and current of peripheral devices. D conversion detection and output control using PWM. The fuzzy control program is also stored in the memory of the single chip microcomputer, and the memory can be a flash memory (FLASH), etc., and the instruction information in the memory is stored, fetched, and executed by the single chip. A watchdog circuit can also be provided inside the microcontroller.

The output control interface circuit 21 has an input terminal connected to the I/O output port of the single chip circuit 20 for adjusting the automatic control actuator 30 according to the control of the single chip circuit 20. In this embodiment, the output control interface circuit 21 is composed of two sets of switch control output interface circuits, and the two sets of output control interface circuits 21 are respectively connected with the first motor and the second motor described below to control the first motor or the second. The motor is rotating forward or reverse.

The ambient temperature input interface circuit 22 has an output connected to the I/O input of the microcontroller circuit 20 for inputting the current ambient temperature. The single chip circuit 20 judges the input current ambient temperature. If it is greater than the preset normal temperature range, adjust the automatic control actuator, such as automatically starting the first motor, causing the solar cell to deviate from the sun focus area, avoiding the temperature being too high and burning the battery. After the current ambient temperature is at or below the normal temperature range, the automatic control actuator is adjusted to cause the solar cell to enter the sun focus area i or.

The solar voltage input interface circuit 23 has an output connected to the I/O input port of the single chip circuit 20 for inputting the solar voltage detected by the single chip circuit 20.

The solar current input interface circuit 24 has an output connected to the I/O input port of the single chip circuit 20 for inputting the solar current detected by the single chip circuit 20.

The charging voltage input interface circuit 25 has an output terminal connected to the I/O input port of the single chip circuit 20 for detecting the voltage of the battery. If the battery voltage is too high, the charging of the battery is stopped.

An accurate reference power generation circuit 26 for generating a precision reference voltage to enter the Vref terminal of the microcontroller;

The in-position switch input interface circuit 27 has an output connected to the I/O input port of the single chip circuit 20 for detecting whether the automatic control actuator 30 is in place. In this embodiment, there are two groups of in-position switch input interface circuits 27, one set is connected to the left-position switch described below, and the other set is connected to the right-position switch.

The charging control circuit 28 has an input terminal connected to the I/O output port of the single chip circuit 20 for controlling charging of the battery, status display, energy saving lamp switch control or controlling the on-grid power generation device. The W remote communication interface circuit 29 is configured to implement the communication between the single chip circuit 20 and the remote computer. Under the control of the remote computer, the single chip circuit 20 can perform various operations. For example, the single chip circuit 20 saves the current current value/voltage value as data. If a remote computer related communication command is received, the single chip circuit 20 transmits the current value/voltage value data.

4 shows a preferred structure of the automatic control actuator of the present invention, comprising: a first motor and a gearbox 41 and a second motor and a gearbox 50, the first motor and the second motor being bidirectional DC low power motors It is connected to the power supply through the motor power cable, and both motors are equipped with a gearbox, and the motor speed is turned into a slow rotation by, for example, a gear transmission. The invention can make the transmission speed of the gearbox much larger than that of the design, and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 42 is very slow, so the system will have sufficient time to perform the detection process of the current value and/or the voltage value, and has a very precise fine adjustment. Precision. The first motor and the gearbox 41 are coupled to the left end of the rotary shaft 42 and drive the rotary shaft 42 to zero. ~ 180. Rotation within range, 180. The rotating rotary shaft 42 has a long cylindrical shape and is mounted in a true north-south direction. The first motor and the gearbox 41, and the rotary shaft 42 are attached to the left side of the rotary shaft guard 43 which mainly functions to protect and fix the rotary shaft 42. The left end of the rotating shaft protection cover 43 is connected to a movable hinge 47, and is fixed on the mounting substrate 49 by a rotary shaft latitude ^: adjustment knob 48, and the rotary shaft latitude adjustment knob 48 can be used by the installation personnel according to the local position when installing the device. Initial fine-tuning. The first motor and the gearbox 41 are controlled by a set of output control interface circuits 21; the first motor is provided with a set of positive and negative electrodes, and if the set of positive and negative electrodes are turned on positively, the first motor drives the rotating shaft 42 Rotation; if the set of positive and negative electrodes are turned on in reverse, the first motor drives the rotary shaft 42 to rotate in the reverse direction. Here, the first motor rotation speed control 180 of the entire rotation shaft 42 from left to right (or from right to left) in 15 minutes. Rotation process.

The second motor and the gearbox 50 are fixed on the mounting substrate 49, and the second motor and the gearbox 50 are connected to one end of the vertical telescopic rod 51, and the other end of the vertical telescopic rod 51 is connected to the rotating shaft 42 ( Alternatively, the right end of the rotating shaft protection cover 43), the second motor and the transmission 50 drive the vertical telescopic rod 51 to expand and contract up and down to adjust the elevation angle of the strong solar panel 44 to the sun. The second motor and the gearbox 50 are controlled by another set of output control interface circuits 21; the second motor is provided with a set of positive and negative electrodes, and if the set of positive and negative electrodes are positively turned on, the second motor drives vertical expansion and contraction The rod 51 extends upward; if the set of positive and negative electrodes are reversely turned on, the second motor drives the vertical telescopic rod 51 to contract downward. Here, the second motor speed is controlled to 2 turns/min. Since the left end of the rotating shaft 42 is fixed to the first motor and the gearbox 41, when the telescopic rod 51 is stretched up and down, the rotating shaft 42 is driven to rotate up and down with the left end as an axis, so that the right end of the rotating shaft 42 deviates from the original position and is vertical. Offset to a certain angle between the telescopic files 51 This affects the normal vertical expansion and contraction of the telescopic rod 51. In order to solve the problem of angular offset from the rotating shaft 42, the telescopic rod 51 is provided with a joint 52 therebetween, and the telescopic rod 51 is divided into an upper rod and a lower rod by the joint 52, and is driven by the second motor. The lower half of the telescopic rod 51 is expanded and contracted in the up and down direction, and the upper half of the telescopic rod 51 is slightly moved in the left and right direction by the joint 52.

The solar cell can be selected from a strong concentrating solar panel 44. The rotating shaft protection cover 43 is provided with a mounting groove 45 of the solar panel 44 in the middle thereof, and has a flat opening on the rotating shaft 42. The flat opening is provided with a mounting interface 46 for facilitating interface with the solar panel 44. The mounting interface 46 Can be a screw hole. The solar panel 44 is mounted on the flat opening of the rotary shaft 42 through a support column.

3A to 3C are views showing a state in which the rotating shaft 42 of the present invention rotates the solar panel 44 at different positions, wherein FIG. 3A shows the solar panel 44 at the intermediate position, and FIG. 3B shows the solar panel 44 at the leftmost position, FIG. 3C. The solar panel 44 is in the rightmost position. The solar panel 44 is mounted on the rotating shaft 42 through the support post 31. The left and right sides of the opening of the mounting groove 45 of the rotating shaft protection cover 43 are respectively provided with a left-to-position switch 33 and a right-to-position switch 32. Two in-position switches 32 and 33 are respectively connected to the automatic tracking control circuit through the switch lead 34. The in-position switch input interface circuit 27 (shown in FIG. 2) turns on the left-to-position switch 33 or the right-to-position switch 32 when the rotary shaft 42 is turned to the leftmost or rightmost position, and the single-chip microcomputer circuit 20 is stopped by the output control interface circuit 21. The first motor and gearbox 41 operate.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a fuzzy control program segment of an embodiment of the automatic tracking control method of the present invention, wherein the solar cell uses a strong concentrating solar panel, and includes the following steps:

In step S501, the system is started and initialized. When the battery is connected, the power-on reset circuit outputs a high level of 200 secs, resets the microcontroller, and the program begins to initialize the internal unit.

Step S502, detecting the voltage value of the solar panel. When the solar panel is exposed to sunlight, electricity is generated, and the voltage signal generated by the solar panel is read and detected by the single-chip circuit through the solar voltage input interface circuit.

Step S503, determining whether the solar panel generates a higher voltage, if there is a higher voltage, executing step S504, and if there is no higher voltage, returning to step S502. When the solar panel generates a relatively high voltage, the charging control circuit is charged to charge the battery, and the voltage of the battery is monitored by the charging voltage input interface circuit at any time. If the battery voltage is too high, the charging of the battery is stopped at any time.

Step S504, detecting a current value of the solar panel. The single-chip circuit reads the current value generated by the solar panel in the order of the program counter, and performs subsequent steps according to the current value and the change trend. Step.

In step S505, it is determined whether the current value is normal. The so-called normal means that the current value of the solar battery is large. If the current value is normal, step S506 is performed; otherwise, it enters B in Fig. 6, that is, enters the time control block.

Step S506, starting the second motor to adjust the elevation angle of the solar panel and the sun, but if the solar current is very small, the second motor does not adjust the elevation angle. As time goes by, the sun will move between the north and south tropics, and the elevation angles of the direct sunlight in different regions are also different. This small elevation angle must also be fine-tuned through the system, otherwise the product has no global versatility. Its scope of use will be greatly limited. The elevation angle adjustment is realized by the vertical telescopic rod shown in FIG. 4: when the vertical telescopic rod transmission mechanism is extended or contracted, the other end of the rotation shaft does not move, which is equivalent to changing the rotation axis direction by the elevation angle, and The solar panel on the rotating shaft is driven to change the elevation angle. The angle of the sun's elevation angle does not change much during the day. The system only needs to adjust the elevation angle at the start of the system. As long as the height of the telescopic adjustment is adjusted, it can be adjusted to the direct direction. Of course, this step can also occur after step S510.

Step S507, starting the first motor, detecting and recording the current value of the current solar panel. Here, the first motor drives the rotating shaft forward, causing the solar cell to rotate in the forward direction.

Steps S508 to S510, if it is detected that the current value of the solar panel is getting smaller and smaller, the first motor is reversed, and the maximum current value of the solar panel is finally detected and recorded. As the first motor drives the solar panel to rotate in the forward direction and the solar panel emits more and more sunlight, the current generated by the solar panel will also become larger and larger, and the current solar energy detected by the single-chip circuit will be detected at any time. The current value generated by the panel is recorded and compared with the previous data. If the detected current value is larger than the previous data, indicating that the solar panel is rotating in the direction of direct sunlight, the first motor will be further driven forward, and Repeat the above detection and comparison process; if the concentrated light is concentrated on the solar panel, the current value will be maximized. When the detected current value suddenly becomes small, that is, the detected current value is smaller than the previous data, indicating that the solar panel has passed the direct sunlight, the single-chip circuit will immediately stop the forward drive of the first motor, and the first motor The solar cell is driven to rotate in the reverse direction until the position where the current value is maximum is restored, and the first motor is stopped.

In step S511, the current value of the solar panel is continuously detected in real time or periodically. If the current value suddenly becomes smaller, step S513 is performed, otherwise step S512 is performed. The sun will move relative to the earth due to the rotation of the earth, and the sun's rays will gradually deviate from the direct angle of the solar panel due to the strong concentrated solar power. The strong concentrating characteristics of the pool plate, if the sunlight is not directly on the concentrating battery panel, dozens of times of strong concentrating light will deviate from the solar panel, so the current generated by the solar panel will be significantly sharply reduced.

Step S512, the first motor is turned off because the solar panel has generated the maximum current value.

Step S513, the first motor is started again, and the current value of the solar panel is detected. Here again, the first motor is rotated in the same direction, that is, the first motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate in the forward direction again, because the earth can only rotate in the same direction, but cannot reverse, so that the solar panel is again aligned with the sun.

Step S514, judging whether the maximum current value of the solar panel can be restored, if yes, executing step S515; otherwise, entering B in FIG. 6, namely: ^ time control block.

Step S515, determining whether the first motor has reached the position of the position switch, that is, the first motor rotates the rotary shaft to the leftmost position, if yes, step S516 is performed; otherwise, step S512 is performed.

In step S516, the first motor reverses the rotation axis to the rightmost side and waits for the restart to resume tomorrow. The system keeps track of the sun until dark. If the system detects that the left-position switch is closed and the current value is small, indicating that it is dark, the first motor drives the rotary shaft to rotate in the forward direction. Under the control of the single-chip circuit, the first motor rotates the rotating shaft in the reverse direction, and the battery is still fully charged to make the solar panel rise to the position where the sun rises, that is, the rightmost position.

Of course, it is also possible to reverse the first motor to the rightmost side in the step S516. But when the sun rises from the east the next day, the solar panel starts to generate current under the sunlight, the system is turned on and the first motor power is turned on, and the first motor turns on when the rotating shaft rotates to the far right. Right-position switch, the single-chip circuit detects the right-in-position signal, immediately disconnects the first motor power supply to stop working (preventing the mechanical position from being stuck, the first motor continues to be energized and burned), at this time, the rotating shaft drives the solar panel to the right. The sun just rising. However, at this time, the solar panels only roughly aligned the sun, and further fine-tuning is needed.

Fig. 6 shows a flow control block flow of an embodiment of the automatic tracking control method of the present invention. If it is detected that the solar current or voltage is always very small, the time control block is entered:

Step S601, the automatic tracking control circuit starts timing, and the automatic control actuator operates according to the time rule, drives the solar cell to rotate in the direction of the sun movement, and detects the electricity of the solar panel in real time or at a time: recharge.

Step S602, determining whether the set timing time has elapsed, if yes, executing step S606, otherwise executing step S603.

Step S603, determining whether the current value generated by the solar cell suddenly becomes large, and then performing the step S604, otherwise returning to step S601.

Step S604, starting the first motor, detecting and recording the current value of the solar panel.

Step S605, determining whether the current value of the solar panel is getting larger or larger, until the maximum current value is detected, and then shifting to A in FIG. 5, that is, the fuzzy control block; otherwise, returning to step S604.

Step S606, starting a first motor of a time period.

Step S607, determining whether the first motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate to the leftmost side in the time period, if yes, step S608 is performed; otherwise, the process returns to step S601.

In step S608, the first motor reverses the rotation axis to the rightmost side and waits for the restart to resume tomorrow. If the system detects that the left-position switch is closed, the MCU circuit turns off the power of the first motor and stops the rotation of the rotary axis. Also, if it is detected that the current value of the solar panel is already small, indicating that it is already dark, the power of the energy saving lamp is turned on, the lighting starts, and the first motor reverses the rotation axis to the rightmost side.

Fig. 7 is a view showing the construction of an embodiment of the automatic tracking control system for a solar cell of the present invention, in which all the chips in the figure can be completely replaced by chips of other different companies but having the same function. In the figure, part I is two light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The red LED indicates that the battery voltage is insufficient. The green LED indicates that the battery is full and has stopped charging. If the red LED flashes, it indicates that the battery is broken and must be replaced. Part II of the figure is a single-chip microcomputer. In the figure, part III is the solar voltage input interface circuit. In the figure, part IV is the two in-position switch input interface circuit. In the figure, part V is the charging control circuit and the solar current input interface circuit, and the charging voltage input interface. In the circuit, the VI part of the figure is the accurate reference power generation circuit. The VII part of the figure is the two groups of motor forward and reverse output control interface circuits. The part VIII of the figure is the external load output control interface circuit.

In summary, the present invention detects the current value and/or the voltage value generated by the solar cell through an automatic tracking control circuit, and performs a comparison process using a fuzzy algorithm, and then adjusts the automatic control actuator through the automatic tracking control circuit to make the current solar cell. The current value and/or voltage value is maximized, and finally the sunlight is always kept direct for the solar cell. Thereby, the present invention greatly improves the power generation efficiency of the solar cell, and is simple in structure, low in cost, universal in use, and easy to produce and implement.

The above description of the present invention is not intended to limit the invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Rights request

1. An automatic tracking control method for a solar cell, characterized in that the steps are as follows:

A, start and initialize the automatic tracking control circuit;

E, the automatic tracking control circuit starts timing, if it is detected within a predetermined time that the current value and / or voltage value generated by the solar battery suddenly becomes large, then return to the step (, otherwise step F;

2. The automatic tracking control method according to claim 1, wherein the automatic tracking control circuit comprises a single chip circuit composed of a single chip microcomputer, and the automatic control executing mechanism comprises a first motor that drives the rotation of the solar cell; The single-chip circuit detects and records the current value and/or voltage value of the solar cell, and the first motor operates by the single-chip circuit.

The automatic tracking control method according to claim 2, wherein the step C includes:

The single-chip circuit starts the first motor to drive the solar battery to rotate in the forward direction, and the single-chip circuit detects and records the current value and/or the voltage value generated by the current solar cell in real time or timing, and compares with the previous data: if the detected current value And/or the voltage value is larger than the previous data, further driving the solar cell to rotate in the forward direction; and if the detected current value and/or voltage value is higher than the previous data 'J, the single chip circuit stops the first motor from being driven in the forward direction, The solar motor is driven to rotate in the reverse direction by the first motor until it returns to the position where the current value and/or the voltage value are the largest.

The automatic tracking control method according to claim 3, wherein the step D includes:

If the MCU circuit detects that the current value and/or the voltage value suddenly becomes smaller, the first motor re-drives the solar cell to rotate forward, and detects and compares the current generated by the current solar cell in real time or at a time. Value and / or voltage value until it returns to the position where the current value and / or voltage value is the largest.

The automatic tracking control method according to claim 3, wherein the step F comprises:

The automatic tracking control method according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell is a strong concentrating solar panel.

The automatic tracking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the automatic control executing mechanism further comprises a second motor for adjusting an elevation angle of the solar cell, and the step C further comprises : The second motor is controlled by the single-chip circuit to adjust the elevation angle of the solar cell to the sun until the solar cell generates a maximum current value and/or a voltage value.

8. A system for implementing an automatic tracking control method for a solar cell according to claim 1, comprising: an automatic control actuator; and an automatic tracking control circuit comprising a single chip and a peripheral chip, the automatic tracking control circuit comprising:

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the automatic tracking control circuit further comprises:

The in-position switch input interface circuit is configured to detect whether the automatic control actuator is in position; the reference power generation circuit is configured to generate a reference voltage and enter the Vref end of the single chip microcomputer;

a charging control circuit for controlling charging of the battery; and/or

The system according to claim 8, wherein the automatic tracking control circuit further comprises:

The ambient temperature input interface circuit is used for inputting the current ambient temperature, and the single-chip circuit determines the current ambient temperature input. If the current ambient temperature is greater than the preset normal temperature range, the adjustment is performed. Dynamically controlling the actuator to cause the solar cell to deviate from the sun focus area, otherwise adjust the automatic control actuator to make the solar cell ^the sun focus area; and/or

The system according to claim 8, wherein the single chip microcomputer constituting the single chip circuit has at least a multi-channel A/D converter and a pulse width modulator, and the A/D converter is used for detecting a current of the solar cell. A value and/or voltage value, the pulse width modulator is for controlling the adjustment of the output control interface circuit.

12. The system of claim 8 wherein the solar cell is a strong concentrating solar panel.

The system according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the automatic control actuator includes a first motor and a rotating shaft that is driven to rotate by the first motor, and the solar battery is mounted on the rotating shaft And the first motor is controlled by the first output control interface circuit; the first motor is provided with a set of positive and negative electrodes, and if the positive and negative electrodes of the group are positively turned on, the first motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate in the forward direction; If the set of positive and negative electrodes are turned on in reverse, the first motor drives the rotary shaft to rotate in the reverse direction.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the automatic control actuator further comprises a second motor and a telescopic rod for adjusting an elevation angle of the solar cell by the second motor, and the second motor is The second output control interface circuit is controlled; the second motor is provided with a set of positive and negative electrodes, and if the positive and negative electrodes of the group are positively connected, the second motor drives the extension rod to extend; if the group of positive and negative electrodes is reversely turned on , the second motor drives the telescopic rod to contract.

The system according to claim 14, wherein the first motor and the second motor of the automatic control actuator are equipped with a gearbox, and the first motor and the gearbox are connected to one end of the rotating shaft and driven The axis of rotation is at zero. ~ 180. Rotating within the range, and the first motor and the gearbox and the rotating shaft are mounted in the rotating shaft protection cover; the rotating shaft protection cover is respectively provided with left and right position switches, and the two in-position switches are respectively connected to the automatic tracking control circuit The two sets of in-position switch input interface circuits turn on the left/right in-position switch when the rotary axis is turned to the leftmost/right direction, and the single-chip circuit stops driving the first motor.

16. The system according to claim 14, wherein a joint is disposed in the middle of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is divided into an upper rod and a lower rod by the joint, and is driven by the second motor. The lower half of the rod is telescopic in the up and down direction, and the upper rod of the telescopic rod is moved in the left and right direction by the joint.