WO2007081305A1 - Systeme et procede de caracterisation, d'etalonnage et de verification de grilles d'affichage - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de caracterisation, d'etalonnage et de verification de grilles d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007081305A1
WO2007081305A1 PCT/US2006/000109 US2006000109W WO2007081305A1 WO 2007081305 A1 WO2007081305 A1 WO 2007081305A1 US 2006000109 W US2006000109 W US 2006000109W WO 2007081305 A1 WO2007081305 A1 WO 2007081305A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display
computer readable
grid
display grid
luminance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/000109
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2007081305A9 (fr
Inventor
Franz H. Herbert
Daniel G. Caldwell
Original Assignee
Integrated Color Solutions, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Integrated Color Solutions, Inc. filed Critical Integrated Color Solutions, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2006/000109 priority Critical patent/WO2007081305A1/fr
Publication of WO2007081305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007081305A1/fr
Publication of WO2007081305A9 publication Critical patent/WO2007081305A9/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
    • G06F3/1423—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units controlling a plurality of local displays, e.g. CRT and flat panel display
    • G06F3/1446—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units controlling a plurality of local displays, e.g. CRT and flat panel display display composed of modules, e.g. video walls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0285—Improving the quality of display appearance using tables for spatial correction of display data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0693—Calibration of display systems

Definitions

  • This invention is related to a system and method for characterization, calibration, and verification of characterization and calibration information associated with display devices. Particularly, this invention is directed to a computerized system for characterizing or calibrating a display grid having a plurality of display devices for displaying a composite image on the display grid.
  • the display size of single display devices is limited. Typically, the very largest CRT, LCD, or plasma screens are only sixty inches in width.
  • a plurality of displays have been used to create a composite display or display grid, comprising multiple display devices.
  • consistent color accuracy and appearance across each of the display devices, and therefore, across the display grid is problematic.
  • each display device When viewing an image on a display grid, each display device is traditionally a single screen, such as a CRT, LCD, or plasma screen. It is advantageous to calibrate each display device so that the color appearance of the entire display grid is as consistent as possible. It is also beneficial to be able to transmit the calibration and characterization information to other display grids so that these other display grids can utilize the characterization information from the original display grid. To address these disadvantages, it is an object of this invention to provide for a system and method for calibrating multiple display devices of a display grid.
  • the objectives of this invention are achieved by providing a system for calibrating a display grid, having a plurality of display devices.
  • the individual display devices are in communication with a computer readable medium and at least one video card.
  • the above system uses a set of computer readable instructions found in a computer readable medium for initializing lookup table values according to a predetermined luminance level for each one of the plurality of display devices of the display grid, measuring the output of each one of the plurality of display devices of the display grid, determining the lowest luminance among the display grid from the output measurements, adjusting color values of each display device according to the lowest luminance and output measurements of the display device at the lowest luminance, determining a pixel array according to the color values for each of the display devices of the display grid, extrapolating the pixel array into a correction map for each of the display devices of the display grid so that the correction map can be used to display an image with consistent luminance and color across the display grid.
  • the system can also contain instructions for receiving an electronic image to be displayed across the display grid, segmenting the electronic image into segments corresponding to at least one display device of the display grid, modifying at least one segment of the electronic image according to the correction map, transmitting the luminance information for use by a second display grid, receiving information representing a determination of the second display grid's ability to utilize the luminance information, and notifying a user if the second display grid cannot utilize the luminance information.
  • the correction map can include pixel multipliers for each pixel of each display device.
  • the invention can also include instructions for initializing look-up table values of at least one video card to a predetermined luminance level, measuring the output of each of the display devices according to the predetermined luminance level, determining the lowest luminance level among the display grid from the output measurement, determining a gray ramp according to the lowest luminance for each of the display devices, measuring color map information for each of the display devices at the lowest luminance level, and determining a correction map for the display grid according to the gray map and the color map.
  • the invention can also include instructions for segmenting the display devices into a plurality of grid areas, measuring the output of the grid areas, determining the minimal luminance level of the display grid according to the output measurements, adjusting color values of each display grid according to the minimal luminance level and the output measurements, determining a pixel array according to the color values, extrapolating the pixel array into a correction map so that the correction map can be used to display an image with consistent color and luminance across the display grid. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart describing the basic functions of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a flowchart describing a method of calibrating the display grid used by the invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic of RGB Color Space
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of how a display device is separated into grid areas
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart describing how the display grid is calibrated on a sector by sector basis; schematic of grid areas of a display device;
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart describing the method used by the invention for sending the characterization information to a subsequent display grid
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic of the hardware associated with the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic of a display grid
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • These computer readable instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in a computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means to implement the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
  • Computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer executed process such that the instructions are executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus providing steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Accordingly, elements of the flowchart support combinations of means for performing the special functions, combination of steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions.
  • Display devices can be calibrated in intensity, correlated color temperature, and response so that the same color appearance of a product manufactured is displayed and perceived by the viewer as if the product were located in the corresponding environment presented by the display device.
  • Matching color intensity is the degree or depth of shade in a color.
  • Correlated color temperature is defined as the temperature of a black body that lies closest to the u', v' coordinate in the CIELUV system.
  • Display devices of a display grid can be calibrated for multiple illuminants. llluminants define the spectral power distribution of visible radiation emitted from a light source.
  • illuminants examples include Daylight (D65) having a color temperature of 6500 degrees Kelvin, Fluorescent (F2) having a correlated color temperature of 4158 degrees Kelvin, and Tungsten having a color temperature of 2856 degrees Kelvin.
  • D65 Daylight
  • F2 Fluorescent
  • Tungsten having a color temperature of 2856 degrees Kelvin.
  • Calibrating display grids using multiple illuminants helps insure that color constancy is maintained when reproducing images according to multiple illuminants.
  • Another component of calibration or characterization of a display grid can include adjustment of the luminance.
  • Luminance is the measure of emitted light and is also referred to as the brightness level. Since the luminance level influences color perception, luminance needs to be adjusted for each display device in a display grid to provide a consistent display of images.
  • the properties of a display grid addressed above can also be referred to as the characterization information of the display grid.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the function of the invention.
  • the computer readable instructions calibrate the display grid.
  • the calibration process for both color and luminance, is described in more detail below.
  • the computer readable instructions allow the display grid to receive an image.
  • the image is then divided into segments according to the display grid at step 3. For example, if the display grid contains four display devices, the received image can be divided into four segments. Each of the segments can then be associated with a display device so that when displayed, the display grid shows the image as a composite of four segments. Since the display grid has been calibrated, the displayed image has been corrected for color and luminance.
  • the computer readable instructions associate the segments to each of the display devices in the display grid.
  • the computer readable instructions utilize the characterization information or correction map to modify each portion of the image according to the corresponding display devices at step 6.
  • the computer readable instructions send the modified segments of the image to each of the corresponding display devices for displaying a composite image across the display grid.
  • Step 10 illustrates the initialization of the Video Lookup Table (LUT) of each display device of the display grid to default values prior to measuring the white point for each display device.
  • a LUT is a data structure that maps the gamut, also known as the color space or color range, of one device to the gamut of another device by mapping color indices into actual RGB values.
  • the "white point” is the "whitest” white that an illuminant can produce in an illuminant dependent color space. For example, outdoors sunlight that is reflected off white generally serves as the white point for that illuminant. In a room at night, however, a single lamp's light reflected off white can serve as the "white point” for this illuminant.
  • the white point is measured by a spectrometer or colorimeter for a specified illuminant to determine the output of each display device of the display grid in step 12. Once the display grid is measured for its white point, a spectral transfer
  • RGB a RGB signal generated by the linear combination of RGB signals from 0,0,0 to 255, 255, 255 or 0 to 100% for each color of RGB for each display device of the display grid.
  • color values associated with a display device can include LCH and LAB. If the luminance is too high at step 14 for any of the display devices, a determination is made as to whether digital control of the display device is available at step 16. If so, the brightness of the display device is reduced at step 18 and the operation returns to step 12. If digital control is not available at step 16, the end points of the LUT are reduced proportionally at step 20 thereby reducing the luminance and the operation continues to step 12.
  • the desirable luminance allows for an optimal luminance to be determined for the display grid.
  • This luminance information is included in characterization information of the display. Further, the luminance information can be transmitted to a second display grid so that the second display grid can generate a second correction map to be used to display an electronic image. This allows the correlation of luminance and color between two display grids.
  • a determination of color temperature for the white point is made at step 22 for each display device. If the color temperature is not correct, the end points of the LUT for that display device are made by adjusting the RGB of the display device according to the white point at step 30.
  • a gray scale is measured at increments from black at zero percent to white at full scale, or one hundred percent, at step 34.
  • a gray color can be generated as the RGB signals are incremented.
  • a gray ramp is the series of colors from zero to full scale. Each new color, or incremented value of RGB, is slightly brighter than the last.
  • An equivalent gray ramp is calculated using the CIELAB color model using the component parameter L*. L* accounts for the non-linearities in the human visual system, helping linearize these non-linear brightness/signal perceptions.
  • the invention maps the gray scale linearity against the lightness function L*.
  • Step 38 sets the LUT according to the resultant values of the mapped gray scale and stores the results.
  • the end points of the LUT are modified using the white point as a scalar value so that the total color difference is less than 0.2 unit, CIELAB ⁇ E*ab.
  • the LUT is adjusted until the desired white point values are obtained from 0% black to 100% white.
  • Step 40 measures, evaluates, and corrects the gray ramp linearity determinates until the errors are less than 0.2 units CIELAB ⁇ E*ab for each display device and therefore the display grid.
  • the RGB color solid is measured and the ICC profile is determined along with the gamut map for the display grid.
  • a gamut map represents the obtainable colors producible by the display grid.
  • the ICC profile and gamut map are stored.
  • the preferred embodiment measures 33 gray steps between 0% black and 100% white, representing full scale rather than the potential integer points from 0 to 100 at step 34.
  • the 33 points corresponds to the approximate number of just noticeable differences in the component value L* of CIELAB.
  • L* of CIELAB In a typical LLJT, there are 256 points (0 to 255) between 0% black and 100% white.
  • the values derived from these calibration procedures are stored in the LUT so that the input signal to each display device is modified thereby significantly reducing the errors in each display device.
  • the display device is characterized, or profiled, by measuring a 3D color volume, which spans the RGB cube.
  • the RGB cube is a representation of the RGB gamut in RGB color space.
  • the cube is configured as a right hand co-ordinate system with XYZ mapping directly to RGB.
  • the corners of the cube represent the primary colors of Red (R), Green (G), and Blue, (B).
  • R Red
  • G Green
  • B Blue
  • the number 1 is used to represent the full-scale signal which can also be assigned the value of 255, or represented by 100%.
  • a standard ICC display profile is created or edited at step 42 according to
  • the LUT is added to the ICC profile to provide a
  • This invention also allows for the calibration of display grids at lower luminance. If a lower luminance is selected, steps 12 through 30 can be repeated at this lower luminance. This lower luminance is achieved by iteratively reducing the white end of the LUT while maintaining the correlated color temperature of the desired illuminant.
  • a display device in the display grid can be changed through programmatical means, such as the DCC 2ci protocol by VESA, the brightness of the display device can be tentatively reduced while maintaining the corrected color temperature of the desired illuminant through gain controls.
  • the resulting luminance values are added to the ICC profile as additional information and can be incorporated into the correction map.
  • CIELAB ⁇ E*ab or CIELAB ⁇ E94 is used to compare the magnitude and assess the visual impact of the color differences.
  • the computer readable instructions have instructions for calibrating the display devices of the display grid on a sector-by-sector basis since display devices may not have a consistent luminance or color across all areas of the device. Therefore, the display device can be segmented into grid areas and each grid area can be separately calibrated. Typically, the display device is segmented into an eight by eight grid, as shown in Figure 4. Each grid is then measured to determine the minimal luminance level, from which the RGB values can be adjusted. A pixel array can then be created using the adjusted RGB values, which can be extrapolated into a correction map used to display an image across the entire display grid with consistent color and luminance.
  • a luminance is selected and a standard calibration and ICC profile is created for the display grid at step 100 and as described herein.
  • the display grid is then logically divided into a plurality of segments such as in an eight-by-eight matrix at step 102. It should be noted that each display device could be one segment or a display device could have a plurality of segments.
  • a determination is made as to whether all of the segments have been measured at step 104. If all segments have been measured, the lowest luminance of each segment is the maximum target luminance for the display grid as determined in step 106. After the target luminance is chosen, the grid can be presented to the user in step 108.
  • the next segment is measured with a display measuring device at step 110 resulting in RGB values.
  • the RGB values are converted from a 16 bit per color format and dithered through an error diffusion process to result in an 8-bit result.
  • the segment measured is then scaled from the section to the entire area of the respective display device of the display grid at step 114.
  • the 8X8 RGB pixels can then be scaled up to the full size of the display device as shown in step 116.
  • the information can be converted into a correction map and used to properly display a composite image across the entire display grid, giving the image a constant color and luminance.
  • the correction map or characterization information can also be transmitted to a subsequent display grid in order to allow the subsequent display grid the benefit of this information.
  • Computer readable instructions at the subsequent display grid can then inform the first display grid whether the subsequent display grid is capable of utilizing the characterization information from the first display grid.
  • Calibration or characterization information is created or otherwise retrieved from a first display grid at step 50.
  • the characterization information is prepared for transmission to the subsequent display grid at step 52.
  • the information is sent to the subsequent display grid in step 54. If the subsequent display grid has the ability to utilize the characterization information received from the first display grid, the spectral transfer function of the first display grid is equal to the spectral transfer function of the second display grid. It is possible, however, that the subsequent display grid lacks the capability to correctly display images using the first display grid's calibration or characterization information. Therefore, the determination as to whether the subsequent display grid can utilize the first display grid's characterization information is made at step 56.
  • the subsequent display grid can use the characterization information for displaying images at step 58. If the subsequent display cannot use the information, the user of the subsequent display grid is notified of this limitation in step 60. The subsequent user can then choose to ignore the notification at step 62 so that subsequent images can be displayed at step 64. However, viewing these images with an uncorrected display grid may not be color accurate. If the user does not wish to ignore the notification, the display grid can be calibrated using white point and luminance settings provided by the first display grid. The user of the subsequent display grid can notify the user of the first display grid of this modality.
  • the characterization information or correction map 70 can be attached to a computer readable file, such as an image file 72 to be displayed so that the characterization information travels to the subsequent display grid along with the image file. It should be noted that characterization information, as well as display properties, can be associated with images for transmission to subsequent display grids.
  • An author of electronic information uses author's computer 74 to create a computer readable file, such as an image file 72.
  • This file is displayed for viewing by the author on author's display 76 that is controlled by author's video card 78.
  • the visual appearance of this file is determined by the gamma, white point, and profile for the display in the author's computer 74.
  • the author therefore, creates the file having specific display properties or characterizations so as to achieve the desired appearance of the file for a viewer. Therefore, author's monitor 76 and author's video card 78 would have certain settings for display properties and characterizations that are used to determine the appearance of the file.
  • the display properties or characterizations are represented as a set of computer readable information shown as display information 70 that can be associated with the file.
  • display information 70 When the file is transmitted to a recipient, the display or characterization information associated with the file can be transmitted to the recipient viewer with the file. Therefore, the display properties or characterizations are associated with the file and are available to any subsequent recipient viewer when receiving the file from the author and displayed on a display grid.
  • the recipient would receive the file 72 using recipient's computer 80.
  • the file can be displayed on the recipient's display grid 82 that is controlled by at least one recipient video cards 84.
  • recipient's display grid 82 and video cards 84 may not necessarily contain the proper display settings or characterizations to reflect the display properties for the file contemplated by the author. Therefore, the recipient viewer who wishes to view the file in the same manner as the author intended would not have the proper display properties or characterizations for the recipient's display grid.
  • computer readable instructions embodied within a computer readable medium of the recipient's computer 80 can read display information 70 associated with file 72 and can adjust recipient's display grid settings and profile for the video cards 84 and recipient's display grid 82 so as to provide the color appearance of an image as intended by the author. Therefore, the recipient can view the image with the appropriate display grid settings to help ensure that the recipient views the same displayed information that was created by the author.
  • the set of computer readable instructions Upon receiving display or characterization information 70, the set of computer readable instructions would determine if the recipient's display grid settings are in need of adjustment. In the event that adjustments are necessary according to the display information, several methods of adjustment can be used. In one embodiment, the adjustments can be made without notification to the recipient and simply be automatically performed by the computer readable instructions of the recipient's computer. In this case, the computer readable instructions can store the original display properties of the recipient's display grid, adjust them according to the received display information, and restore the original display properties when the file is no longer viewed by the recipient. Further, the set of computer readable instructions can inform the recipient viewer that the data in the recipient's display grid are in need of modification according to the received display properties and inquire as to whether the recipient viewer wishes to have such modifications implemented. If so, the modifications are implemented and the file is viewed with such modifications.
  • the display grid of Figure 8 shown generally as 120, is comprised of three display devices designated generally A, B, and C.
  • display device A For display device A, there are eight segments shown generally as 122a through 122h.
  • the electronic image is displayed across each of the three display devices to form a composite image spanning display device A, B, and C so as to be shown across the entire display grid.
  • the image 124 is shown segmented into segments A, B, and C and stored in hard drive 126 of computer 128 where it is created.
  • the image can then transmitted through network 130 to a second computer 132 and stored on its hard drive 134.
  • a copy of this image is shown as 136 and segmented into segments A, B, and C.
  • the computer readable instructions on computer 132 can then place segment A on monitor 138A, segment B on monitor 138B and segment C on monitor 138C.
  • the computer 128 that originates image 124 and stores it on hard drive 126 can display the images on monitor 127.
  • This image can be transmitted to a display grid having display devices 138A through 138C that is communication with a display computer 132.
  • computer readable instructions on computer 132 segment the image into three segments shown as 136. The segments are then correspondent to the display devices and the image can be displayed across the display grid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un système et à un procédé permettant de générer des informations de caractérisation et une application de correction à partir d'une première grille d'affichage, laquelle peut être transmise à une seconde grille d'affichage et utilisée par cette dernière. Selon l'invention, des instructions lisibles par ordinateur incorporées dans un support lisible par ordinateur étalonnent une première grille d'affichage (1), et génèrent un profil de couleur ICC et une application de correction à partir des informations d'étalonnage, de façon qu'une image destinée à être affichée à travers une grille d'affichage entière, laquelle est segmentée en parties (3) dont chacune correspond à un dispositif d'affichage de la grille d'affichage, soit affichée (4) avec une luminance et une couleur uniformes à travers la grille d'affichage entière (6). L'invention consiste ensuite à stocker l'application de correction et les informations de caractérisation, et à envoyer les informations à un second dispositif d'affichage aux fins d'utilisation par ce dernier (8). Dans une autre variante, les informations d'étalonnage et de caractérisation peuvent être associées à un fichier image et envoyées vers un second emplacement aux fins d'affichage.
PCT/US2006/000109 2006-01-04 2006-01-04 Systeme et procede de caracterisation, d'etalonnage et de verification de grilles d'affichage WO2007081305A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103529939A (zh) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-22 北京航空航天大学 一种基于颜色、计算机视觉和网格划分的人机交互方法

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US6043797A (en) * 1996-11-05 2000-03-28 Clarity Visual Systems, Inc. Color and luminance control system for liquid crystal projection displays
US6078309A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-06-20 Way Tech Development, Inc. System and method for visually measuring color characteristics of a display
US6906727B2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2005-06-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Method of reproducing a gray scale image in colors

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6043797A (en) * 1996-11-05 2000-03-28 Clarity Visual Systems, Inc. Color and luminance control system for liquid crystal projection displays
US6078309A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-06-20 Way Tech Development, Inc. System and method for visually measuring color characteristics of a display
US6906727B2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2005-06-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Method of reproducing a gray scale image in colors

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103529939A (zh) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-22 北京航空航天大学 一种基于颜色、计算机视觉和网格划分的人机交互方法
CN103529939B (zh) * 2013-09-30 2016-08-17 北京航空航天大学 一种基于颜色、计算机视觉和网格划分的人机交互方法

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