Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
  • E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
  • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
  • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
  • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
  • E04B2/702—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
  • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
  • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the assembly of protective wall panels suitable for retrofitting an existing room to provide improved resistance to impact loads such as generated by severe storm events and explosive blasts.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,994,105, U.S. Pat. No. 4,143,501, U.S. Pat. No. 4,566,237, U.S. Pat. No. 4,691 ,483, U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,790 and U.S. Pat. No.4,937,125 each detail some of the various forms for blast and bullet resistant walls and buildings.
• the present invention is directed to an assembly of wall panels particularly suitable for protection against wind blown debris or an explosive blast comprising; (a) at least two wall panels positioned in a non-planer orientation to one another wherein an air gap is present between two adjacent wall panels;
• Figure 1 is a schematic of a shelter system.
• Figure 2 is a schematic of wall positions connected by strapping and a blend threaded fastener.
• At least one wall panel capable of withstanding a force generated from a sudden impact such as wind blown debris of from an explosion.
• the types of wall panels are varied and can be formed from a metal such as steel, from wood or from a composite of several different materials.
• the purpose of the wall is to maintain its integrity such as to protect a person within a room of a building.
• only one impact resistant wall panel can be employed to protect against an external force, it is desirable for greater protection to employ two adjacent wall panels to have impact resistance.
• the protection from a wall panel will depend on its construction. The greater the ability to withstand force will in turn offer a greater protection.
• An example of a test procedure to determine impact resistance is ASTM procedure E 1886-97. Illustratively a 33 kilogram (15 pound) 2 x 4 lumber projectile is employed to impact a wall. The ability of the wall to withstand a projectile speed is a measure of determining its resistance. A desirables resistance is an at an impact speed of 161 kilometers (100 miles) an hour. Less resistance would be at failure at impact speeds above 80 or 90 miles an hour.
• An example of a construction is a composite comprising in order: ( ⁇ a) a layer of material having a density not greater that 0.10 grams per cubic centimeter,
• the term strap means a band or plate for holding an object in a fixed position.
• the strap may be of metal construction, such as steel or aluminum, other materials are suitable such as plastic or a composite of different materials.
• the strap is rigidly connected to adjacent wall panels and holds the panels in place.
• connectors can be premounted on the external face of the straps to allow for the strap to be connected to the panels from the opposite face of the panel.
• Suitable connectors is a blind threaded fasteners.
• a blind threaded fastener is any threaded sleeve, plate or n ⁇ t, that is affixed to the backside (or blind side) of a bolted connection, to allow the torquing of the bolted joint, without a wrench or other holding tool on the backside.
• the threaded sleeve, plate or nut is attached to the backside, for example, by riveting, clinching, welding, brazing, or gluing of the threaded fastener itself, or by attachment of a retaining cage or housing which holds the threaded piece.
• These fasteners are commonly referred to as cage nuts, weld nuts, rivets nuts, aircraft nut fasteners or the like. Examples can be found in the patent art in such as U.S. 2,243,923, U.S. 2,443,752, U.S.
• the connectors are blind threaded rivet nuts, weld nuts, or floating nut fasteners. More preferably the connectors are floating plate self-locking nuts or cage nuts. Most preferably the connectors are floating plate self-locking nuts as detailed in military specification sheet MS21059 Rev J.
• the strap is capable of flexing due to a force on a wall panel. It is directly understood that the amount of flex of the strap will be determined by its end use. Illustratively, a need for a greater resistance to an impact will determine a greater resistance to flex. Also the amount of stap flex will be determined by the number of straps connecting adjacent wall panel. The greater number of straps, the lesser is a need for resistance to flexing.
• both single and double straps are suitable.
• An example of a suitable thickness for a metal strap is from 0.06 inches (1.5 mm) to 0.375 inches (9.5 mm) such as 0.075 inches (0.19 mm) to 0.150 inches (3.8 mm).
• a strap may be employed on only an inner or outer wall portion, preferably individual straps are present to connect adjacent wall panels on inner and outer walls.
• inner means portions of wall which face one another, such as walls that form the interior of a room.
• the term outer means portions of a wall which do not face one another, such as walls that form the exterion of a room.
• the strap or straps connect walls in a non-planer orientation, i.e. the walls are at an angle to one another.
• walls are joined at an angle of 90 degrees.
• An example of two walls joining one another is an angle within a range from 30 to 120 degrees.
• a typical air gap is considered to be at least 3 mm (0.125 inches).
• a wall capable of withstanding a sudden impact is joined to two adjacent wall with straps on both on inner and outer wall surfaces connecting adjacent walls.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic of a shelter formed by the wall system of Example 1.
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic of the combination of strapping and a blend threaded fastener of Example 1.
• a shelter system shown in Figure 1 with external dimensions of 115 inches long by 64 inches wide by 94 high was assembled from engineered wall and roof panels designed to protect occupants from windborne debris generated by tornadic winds.
• Five wall panels and a modular door unit, each 48-in wide by 88-in high were used.
• Two ceiling panels that were 48-in wide by 48-in long were used for the roof.
• Panels were produced using, in order, 1 layer of 3/4-in plywood, followed by a 5-1/2 inch thick steel reinforced expanded polystyrene core with a density of 1 Ib/cu-ft (0.016 g ⁇ /cc), followed by a laminated fabric made from 3 layers of a 13 oz/sq-yd aramid cloth that was bonded together with a polyethylene copolymer resin, followed by one 1 layer of 1/2-in plywood.
• Steel reinforcement within the core was done with 24-gauge 2x4 common metal framing studs on 16-inch centers that were laid flat on each face of the panel. Reinforcement was added during the foaming process as described in U.S. Patent 4,241 ,555.
• the layers of material were joined together by fastening with power driven knurled nails driven on each face of the panel, around the perimeter on 3-in centers and along the field studs on 6-in centers.
• the panels were assembled as shown in figure 2, using two, 11 gauge (0.12 -inch thick) sheet metal brackets that were bent in two places with 45° angles to create the 90° corner connections required to assemble the rectangular shelter.
• the 1/2-in plywood face was oriented outwardly.
• Three, 3/8-in diameter bolts were used to fasten the edges of each panel to the metal strap connector.
• a floating nut connector mounted on the external face of the sheet metal brackets allowed the attachment of the panel to the metal strap connector to be performed from the interior of the shelter.
• a space of 3/8-in was present between the corners of any adjacent panels that were connected.
• the shelter was impacted in several locations with a 15-lb 2x4 (inches) timber projectile traveling at 100 mph, to access ability to meet the "Windborne Missile Impact Resistance on Shelter Wall and Ceiling" provisions of the National Performance Criteria for Tornado Shelters, First Addition, FEMA, May 28, 1999.
• Cannon set-up and firing was done in accordance with ASTM E 1886 -97.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=38001948

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (39)

• 2005
  • 2005-12-29 US US11/321,800 patent/US20070151186A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2006
  • 2006-12-13 CN CNA2006800494081A patent/CN101346523A/zh active Pending
  • 2006-12-13 CA CA002628767A patent/CA2628767A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-12-13 WO PCT/US2006/047569 patent/WO2007078779A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2006-12-13 BR BRPI0621151-8A patent/BRPI0621151A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-12-13 JP JP2008548559A patent/JP2009531566A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-12-13 EP EP06847616A patent/EP1971738A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-12-13 KR KR1020087018530A patent/KR20080079698A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (2)

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