CN101346523A - 防护性的墙板组件 - Google Patents

防护性的墙板组件 Download PDF

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CN101346523A
CN101346523A CNA2006800494081A CN200680049408A CN101346523A CN 101346523 A CN101346523 A CN 101346523A CN A2006800494081 A CNA2006800494081 A CN A2006800494081A CN 200680049408 A CN200680049408 A CN 200680049408A CN 101346523 A CN101346523 A CN 101346523A
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tape
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J·A·汉克斯
J·L·肯纳
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EIDP Inc
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/14Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/701Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
    • E04B2/702Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather

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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

尤其适合于保护免受风吹碎石或爆炸冲击波损坏的墙板的组件包括一弯带条,所述弯带条连接相邻的墙板之间的气隙,同时弯带条能由于突然的外力而挠曲。

Description

防护性的墙板组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于防护性墙板的组件的方法,所述防护性的墙板适合用于改建现有房间,以便提供改善的抗冲击负载性,所述冲击负载如由严重的风暴事件和爆炸冲击波产生。
发明背景
风暴和冲击波用棚屋对为老百姓提供安全区保护以抵抗在易发生飓风或龙卷风活动的地区中严重的风暴事件和军事上保护免受爆炸冲击波影响是必要的。保护性的墙和建筑物设计在该技术中已知,并采取各种不同形式。为严重风暴事件所提出的墙设计已在为联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA),或通过FEMA所研究出的各种报告中详述。用于抗冲击波棚屋的各种墙设计在专利技术中详述。
在“风暴中所采用的棚屋”(FEMA出版物320)和“用于集体性棚屋的设计和施工规范”(FEMA出版物361)中,说明了用于抗飓风产生的风负载和碎石的墙和建筑物的构造的设计。在注明日期为2000年5月31日由Clemson大学提交给联邦紧急事务管理局标题为“加强对严重风暴的保护”的报告中,详述了其它设计的抗风冲击墙。尽管这些设计不满足飓风冲击标准,但它们提供了对较小严重风暴的加强保护。
美国专利No.3994105,美国专利No.4143501,美国专利No.4566237,美国专利No.4691483,美国专利No.4748790和美国专利No.4937125各都详述了用于抗冲击波和子弹(bullet)的墙和建筑物的各种形式中的某种形式。
这些设计的墙系统中的许多都提生产标准组件式墙系统的能力,上述标准组件式墙系统随后在野外装配供使用。当使用这些标准组件式方法时,能方便装配的简单野外接合提供用于结构负载传递和还提供抗冲击性是理想的。
在该技术中众所周知,如果可以在冲击的方向上设计某种挠性,则这种挠性将改善总体抗冲击性。在该技术中具有这种挠性的各种墙设计必需用下述一种方法接合在一起,所述方法不限制这些墙系统,尤其是在固定点附近的运动。在各墙于拐角处相互对接的接头附近或者在其它一面墙基本上限制另一面墙的运动的非平面接头附近,这是最关键的。
真正需要用于在有限空间内装配抗风和冲击波的保护性墙系统的方法。特别需要有适合用于改建现有房间的墙板组件。
发明提要
本发明针对一种尤其适合用于抗风生碎石或爆炸冲击波以保护的墙板组件,所述墙板组件包括:
(a)至少两个墙板,所述两个墙板相互成非平面方位设置,其中在两个相邻的墙板之间有一气隙;
(b)至少一个弯带条,所述弯带条跨过两相邻的墙板之间的气隙,
其中弯带条刚性连接到相邻的墙板上;
其中弯带条能由于墙板上的力而产生挠曲;和
(c)一头封闭式有螺纹的紧固器。
附图简介
图1是棚屋系统的示意图。
图2是通过用带捆孔和一头封闭式有螺纹的紧固件连接的墙位置的示意图。
发明详细说明
在本发明中,必需应用至少一种墙板,所述墙板能承受由突然冲击如爆炸掀起的风吹碎石所产生的力。墙板的类型可改变,并可以用金属如钢材、用木材或是用几种不同材料组成的复合材料制成。尽管通常由于冲击波而有墙壁损坏,但墙的目的是保持它的整体性,以致可以保护建筑物的房间内人员。尽管只有一面抗冲击墙板可以用来保护以防外力,但为了达到更大的保护作用,理想情况是应用两个相邻的有抗冲击性的墙板。
墙板的保护作用取决于它的构造。承受力的能力越大,则提供保护作用也越大。确定抗冲击性的测试方法的例子是ASTM方法E1886-97。举例说,应用33千克(15磅)2×4木炮弹来冲击墙壁。墙壁承受弹速的能力是确定它的抵抗力的量度。理想的抵抗力是在每小时161公里(100英里)的冲击速度下。较小的抵抗力在高于每小时80或90英里的冲击速度下会破坏。
在与按照ASTM方法E 1886-97所述测定抵抗力的类似方法中,可以利用对爆炸所产生的力得到所希望的抵抗力的测试方法来确定待应用的墙板的类型。
对风吹起的碎石,合适的墙构造在2001年10月15日提交的美国专利申请09/977648和2002年12月3日提交的美国专利申请10/308492中已有说明,它们都包括在本文中作为参考文献。构造的例子是一种复合材料,所述复合材料按次序包括:
(a)一层具有密度为不大于每立方厘米0.10克的材料,
(b)一层含纤维粘结剂和树脂的织物及
(c)一层结构覆盖物。
墙组件的构造的必要部分是利用带条(strap)来连接相邻的墙板。如本文所用的,术语带条意思是指用来使物体保持在固定位置的带或板。尽管带条可以是金属构造如钢或铝,但其它材料如塑料或不同材料的复合物也合适。
带条刚性连接到相邻的墙板上,并使墙板保持在合适位置。为了便于在有限的空间中把带条装配连接到墙板上,如改建现有房间时,可以把连接器预先安装在带条的外表面上,以便能从墙板的对面把带条连接到墙板上。合适的连接器是一头封闭式(blind)有螺纹的紧固器。所述一头封闭式有螺纹的紧固器是任何固定到螺栓连接的背侧(或一头封闭)侧上的有螺纹的套筒、板或螺母,以便能在背侧上不用扳手或其它夹持工具的情况下扭转螺栓接合。有螺纹套筒、板或螺母例如通过铆接、箱接(clinching)、焊接、钎焊、或胶接本身有螺纹的紧固器,或是通过固定一装有螺纹的部件的固定盖座(retainingcage)或外壳固定到背侧上。这些紧固器通常称之为锁紧螺母、焊接螺母、铆接螺母、飞机螺母紧固器或诸如此类。一些例子可以在专利技术中如在美国专利US2243923、US2443752、US2815789、US2971425和US3695324中找到。优选的是,连接器是有一头封闭式有螺纹的铆接螺母、焊接螺母、或浮动螺母紧固器。更优选的是,连接器是浮动板自锁紧螺母或锁紧螺母。最优选的是,连接器是如在军用规格表MS 21059 Rev J.中所述的浮动板自锁紧螺母。然而,带条由于墙板上的力而能挠曲。应该直接理解,带条的挠曲由它的终端使用决定。举例说,对需要较大的抗冲击性将决定较大的抗挠曲性。另外,带条挠曲量将由连接相邻墙板的带条数量决定。带条数量越大,则对抗挠曲性的需要越少。
为了举例说明起见,单带条和双带条二者都合适。金属带条合适厚度的例子是从0.06英寸(1.5mm)到0.375英寸(9.5mm),如0.075英寸(0.19mm)-0.150英寸(3.8mm)。
尽管带条可以只用在内或外墙部分上,但优选的是提供若干单个带条来连接内墙和外墙上相邻的墙板。如本文所用的,术语“内”意思是指墙彼此面对的部分,如形成房间内部的墙,而术语“外”意思是指墙不彼此面对的部分,如形成房间外部的墙。一个或多个带条用非平面方位连接各墙,亦即各墙相互成一角度。为举例说明起见,大多数墙都成90°接合。两面墙相互接合的例子是在30°-120°范围内的角度。另外一般在相邻的墙之间有气隙,因为如果墙接触,则可能使墙在突然冲击时不能合适地挠曲。典型的气隙可以认为是至少3mm(0.125英寸)。在优选构造中,把能承受突然冲击的墙接合到两个相邻的墙上,同时用带条在内墙面和外墙面二者上连接相邻的墙。
在上述公开中,已经说明了墙组件与使用带条结合与抗突然冲击性及保护免受来自风吹碎石和爆炸的突然冲击的关系。然而,在本发明的范围内,墙组件不需要具有这种抵抗力。因此,墙板可以在这种抗过量突然冲击的情况下应用。而各带条在其中一个墙板上最少量的力作用下具有挠曲能力。
在附图中,图1示出由例1的墙系统所形成的棚屋的示意图。图2示出例1的捆带条和混合螺纹紧固器的组合的示意图。
为了进一步举例说明本发明,提供下面例子。
例1
图1所示的棚屋系统具有外部尺寸为115英寸长×64英寸宽×94英寸高,所述棚屋系统设计的墙板和屋顶板装配,用来保护居住者免受飓风所产生的风生碎石伤害。使用各为48英寸宽×88英寸高的五个墙板和一个标准组件门单元。两个48英寸宽×48英寸长的顶棚镶板是用于屋顶。各板是按顺序用一层3/4英寸胶合板、下面是5/12英寸厚的具有密度为1磅/立方英尺(0.016g/cc)的钢增强式发泡聚酯芯、下面是由3层13盎司/码2芳族聚酰胺布制成的层压织物,上述3层布用聚乙烯共聚物树脂粘结在一起、下面是一层1/2英寸胶合板生产。芯内的钢增强件用24号2×4普通金属构架芯撑(Stud)在16英寸中心上进行,上述构架芯撑平铺在板的每个表面上。增强件在发泡过程期间加入,如美国专利US4241555所述。各层材料通过用电动滚花钉紧固接合在一起,所述滚花钉围绕3英寸中心的周边并沿着6英寸中心上的现场芯撑钉在板的每个表面上。
各板如图2所示装配,同时使用两个11号(0.12英寸厚)金属板角撑(bracket),所述金属板角撑弯成两个地方具有45°角,以便形成装配矩形棚屋所需的90°拐角连接。1/2英寸胶合板表面方向向外。利用三个3/8英寸直径的螺栓将每个板的边缘固定到金属带条连接器上。安装在金属板角撑的外表面上的浮动螺母连接器能从棚屋的内部实施把板固定到金属带条连接器上。在任何连接的相邻板的拐角之间都有3/8英寸的间隙。
棚屋在几个部位用以100mph(英里/小时)行进的15磅2×4(英寸)的木弹冲击,以便接近满足1999年5月28日出版的第一版,FEMA,用于飓风棚屋的国家性能标准的条款“在棚屋墙壁和顶棚上抗风生导弹冲击性”的能力。火炮(cannon)布置和发射按照ASTM E1886-97进行。
所有对准棚屋射击的射弹都被防止通过棚屋,如FEMA条款所要求的,且射弹回弹。在事件期间所拍摄的高速摄影照片显示各接头在冲击时向内挠曲,同时帮助吸收一部分来自射弹的能量。角撑上的胶合板层只在冲击点的周围显示很小的裂纹。可以认为棚屋组件符合用于飓风棚屋国家性能标准的条款。

Claims (20)

1.一种墙板组件,包括:
(a)至少两个墙板,所述墙板相互位于非平面方位中,其中在两个相邻的墙板之间有气隙;
(b)至少一个弯带条,所述弯带条跨过两个相邻墙板之间的气隙
其中弯带条刚性连接到相邻的墙板上;
其中带条由于墙板上的力而能挠曲;和
(c)一头封闭的有螺纹的紧固件。
2.如权利要求1所述的组件,具有连接调节墙板的内和外表面的若干单个带条。
3.如权利要求1所述的组件,具有一个用若干单个带条连接到两个墙板上的墙板。
4.如权利要求1所述的组件,此处带条包括带子。
5.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中带条包括板。
6.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中带条包括金属。
7.如权利要求6所述的组件,其中带条包括钢。
8.如权利要求6所述的组件,其中带条包括铝。
9.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中带条包括复合材料。
10.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中墙板以30°和120°之间的角度设置到另一墙板上。
11.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中在相邻墙板之间具有间隙为至少0.125英寸(3mm)。
12.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中使用单金属带条。
13.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中使用双金属带条。
14.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中带条是在0.075英寸(0.19mm)和0.150英寸(3.8mm)之间。
15.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中一个墙板按顺序包括:
(a)一层具有密度不大于0.10g/cm3的材料,
(b)一层含用树脂粘结的纤维的织物,
(c)一层结构覆盖物,
其中在上述复合材料安装在刚性构架上的情况下,当按照ASTM测试方法E 1886-97用33千克(15磅)射弹以每小时161公里(100英里)的速度冲击时,织物层将在5.0-17.5厘米范围内偏移。
16.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中带条由于来自风生碎石或爆炸冲击波的外力而能够挠曲。
17.如权利要求16所述的组件,其中带条由于在每小时100英里的风速下的碎石而能够挠曲。
18.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中一头封闭式有螺纹的紧固件从下面所列举的紧固件中选定,所述紧固件包括一头封闭式有螺纹的铆接螺母、焊接螺母、浮动螺母紧固件,及它们的组合。
19.如权利要求18所述的组件,其中一头封闭式有螺纹的紧固件从下面所列举的紧固件中选定,所述紧固件包括浮动板自锁紧螺母、锁紧螺母紧固件、及它们的组合。
20.如权利要求19所述的组件,其中一头封闭式有螺纹的紧固件是浮动板自锁紧螺母。
CNA2006800494081A 2005-12-29 2006-12-13 防护性的墙板组件 Pending CN101346523A (zh)

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BRPI0621151A2 (pt) 2011-11-29
CA2628767A1 (en) 2007-07-12
US20070151186A1 (en) 2007-07-05
JP2009531566A (ja) 2009-09-03
EP1971738A1 (en) 2008-09-24
WO2007078779A1 (en) 2007-07-12

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