WO2007076938A2

WO2007076938A2 - Height rescue apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2007076938A2
Application number: PCT/EP2006/012339
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alexander Von Gencsy; Hans-Peter Becker
Original assignee: Alexander Von Gencsy; Hans-Peter Becker
Priority date: 2005-12-21
Filing date: 2006-12-20
Publication date: 2007-07-12
Also published as: DE102005061363A1; WO2007076938A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a personal height rescue apparatus. Said device comprises a shaft (5) on the center of which a cable winder (2) is arranged, said shaft (5) comprising hub bodies (7) at its respective ends. Said hub bodies (7) are rotatably enclosed by outer bodies (8) and one respective brake device (6) is interposed between the hub bodies (7) and the outer bodies (8). Said outer bodies (8) comprise at least one holding device (9) each.

Description

Device for height rescue

The present invention relates to an altitude rescue device for rescuing and / or recovering persons from high altitudes, such as high-rise buildings, wherein the height-rescue device comprises a self-braking abseiling device. Furthermore, the height rescue device is particularly suitable for self-rescue.

The height rescue of persons makes considerable demands. In addition to rescuing the person from height itself, more aggravating conditions are often added, such as a high-rise fire. Especially with the latter occur in addition to the risk of falling altitude the hazards of fire or flue gases for the person to be rescued added.

In particular, in high-rise fires in the relocation of the on-site escape routes, for example by fire or flue gas, an external rescue is necessary.

Known measures for rescue of persons from buildings include ground rescue with ladders or cranes as well as air rescue by helicopter or other aircraft, as described for example in DE 102 51 208. However, these methods have some disadvantages. So the rescue of the ground is generally no longer possible from building heights or whereabouts of the persons to be rescued of more than 40 m above the ground rescue unit. Air rescue is often hindered or made impossible by the flames and the associated buoyancy and the flue gases, especially in building fires. Furthermore, the aforementioned method has in common that they allow the rescue of altitude only after arrival of rescue personnel and rescue equipment. In particular, in emergency situations, in which another form of danger, such as fire or flue gas, the person to be rescued, the associated loss of time can be devastating to the implementation of altitude rescue. The aforementioned time loss is avoided by so-called self-rescue equipment. Thus, DE 80 30 414 U1 describes a Kettenabsprunggerät for self-rescue from heights in which the rescuing person holds on a holding device or is fixed, wherein the holding device is connected via a cable with a located on the ground chain weight. For self-rescue, the person jumps from a platform, with increasing downward distance by means of the cable chain weight is raised, which slows down the falling speed of the person to be rescued. In this case, the chain weight increases with the distance, in particular by the fact that with increasing distance additional chain strands are attached to the chain weight. The device according to this prior art is basically suitable for self-rescue, but also has considerable disadvantages. Thus, the aforementioned self-rescue system requires a considerable construction effort for installation on a building. Furthermore, it is only suitable for a self-rescue of the person at a given location, so to speak a rescue center to perform. People who are trapped in other areas of the building and might be able to escape exclusively through the windows can not be saved by this system. Furthermore, the system has the disadvantage that the weight of the person to be rescued can vary only to a small extent. Too light persons, such as children, are at risk of the chain weight being too large and the person to be rescued not being drained to the ground. In return, there is the danger in heavy people that the chain weight is insufficient and the person to be rescued hits the ground at too high a speed. The latter carries a considerable risk of injury and is to be rejected.

Furthermore, the height rescue is known by abseiling with a so-called Abseilachter. This method has the advantage that for this purpose only a rope of sufficient length and the Abseilachter are necessary. These can easily be stored in several places of a building. A disadvantage of this known method, however, is that it requires a considerable education and prior knowledge of abseiling people to prevent an uncontrolled crash.

Object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and a Abseilvorrichtung for self-rescue of persons from large To provide height that can be used flexibly. Another object of the present invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, which is suitable, in particular in emergency situations, by untrained persons for self-rescue. Another sub-task of the present invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, which allows self-rescue of people of different weight without further action.

The objects are achieved according to the technical features of the independent claim. Preferred embodiments are presented in the subclaims.

The present invention is based on rescue and / or recovery of persons from great heights by abseiling. According to the invention, a device is provided for this purpose, comprising in its simplest embodiment a circumferential axis on which a cable coil is arranged centrally. The cable reel is non-positively and / or positively connected to the revolving axis. Furthermore, the device comprises at the respective ends of the axle braking devices. The brake devices each comprise a hub body, a brake system and an outer body. The hub body can rotate within the outer body, optionally under the action of a suitable bearing.

Furthermore, at least one fastening device for fastening a holding harness for the person to be rescued are arranged on the outer body at least. The holding harness has at least two carrying lines, which are each connected to the fastening means and are dimensioned so that in operation the person to be rescued is below the center of the revolving axis, preferably below the cable reel. The person receiving the holding harness may be formed for example as Oberkörpergurt or seat belt.

At the free-running end of the rope may suitably be arranged a coupling device. A suitable coupling device consists in its simplest form of a snap hook or the like. The coupling device is used to attach the free-running end of the rope. Such attachment can be done, for example, in a building on the building side provided for this hook. The - A -

Looping around building pillars or outdoors around trees or suitable rock structures is also possible.

For self-rescue, the person to be rescued fastens the free-running end of the rope by means of the coupling device. As stated, this can be done in a building by looping the rope to a suitable pillar or a suitable strut and latching the coupling device, such as a snap hook, in the rope. As far as the building is equipped with appropriate hooks or the like, so the coupling device can be coupled here. Furthermore, the person creates the respective person admission. After completion of these preparations, the self-rescue can be carried out easily. In self-rescue, the rope is unwound from the rope reel under the force of gravity of the person to be rescued and the person is let down to the ground. When unwinding the rope, the cable reel rotates with the associated revolving axis and the attached hub bodies. The rotational speed and thus the discharge speed of the person to be rescued is slowed down by the braking devices. For suitable and preferred brake systems are still made separate versions below.

In the braking operation, the outer body forms the abutment, wherein the outer body is prevented from rotating by the weight of the person to be rescued. By the above-described trick to attach the braking devices to the respective ends of the revolving axis and the arrangement of the person to be rescued below the center of the rotating axis, the height-rescue device according to the invention during rescue operation has a stable, low-center of gravity. The latter leads to a stable position of the person to be rescued during the rescue process. In particular, this also allows the recovery of unconscious persons.

The height rescue device in its basic form will be explained below with reference to Figure 1 below. Figure 1 shows the height rescue device 1 comprising the axis 5, on the center of the cable coil 2 is arranged. The cable reel 2 is non-positively and / or positively connected to the axis 5. The cable reel 2 can optionally be provided with cable guide devices of known type. From the cable spool 2, the free end of the rope 3 can be unwound. The free end of the rope 3 ends in one Coupling device 4. The coupling device 4 comprises all suitable coupling devices, for example a snap hook. By means of the coupling device 4, the cable end is attached with suitable measures. In the unwinding process, the cable reel 2 rotates with the axis 5 and the hub bodies 7. The hub bodies 7 are likewise arranged non-positively and / or positively on the revolving axis 5. The hub bodies 7 are integral components of the braking device 6, which furthermore have a brake system (not shown) as well as an outer body 8. In rescue operation, the cable is unwound from the cable reel 3, wherein the cable reel 2 with the axis 5 and the hub bodies 7 are set in rotation. The rotation is slowed down by means of the brake systems in the brake devices 6, wherein the outer body 8 serves as an abutment. At least one holding device 9 is arranged on the outer body 8, to which the respective carrying line 10 is attached. The at least two lines of the two braking devices open in the representation down in a person receiving 11, which carries the person to be rescued 12.

Due to the gravity effect of the person 12, a rotation of the outer body 8 during abseiling, in particular under the braking action of the brake system, prevented.

Preferred brake systems for controlling the abseiling speed will be explained below. A preferred brake system is a hydraulic brake system. Submodes of the hydraulic brake system will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Figure 2 shows a cross section through the hydraulic brake system in its simplest embodiment. Figure 2 shows the axis 5, on which a roller body 13 is arranged. The roller body 13 acts as a hub body in this embodiment. In known manner, at least two, preferably four, recesses are introduced into the roller body 13, for receiving the wing blades 14. Embodiments with three, five, six, seven, eight or more recesses for receiving the wing blades 14 are also possible.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment with four wing louvers. The wing blades 14 are pressed under the action of the pressure springs 15 on the inside of the cylindrical outer body 8. The axis 5 is eccentric and fixed in position arranged to the center of the cylindrical outer body 8. As a result, the asymmetrical annular gap 16 is formed in a manner known per se. The annular gap 16 is divided into four segments (17 a, b, c, d) according to FIG. 2 by means of wing louvers 14. The annular gap 16 is further filled with a liquid, preferably hydraulic oil. The wing blades 14 have control bores in this embodiment. The control bores extend transversely through the vane fins and are arranged so that they are not obscured by the roller body 13 when the vane fins 14 are dipped into the recesses. Through the control bores, a controlled flow of the liquid, preferably of the hydraulic oil, in the annular gap 16 between the segments 17 is possible.

When abseiling the axle 5 is rotated by unwinding of the cable 3, which entrains the roller body 13 thereon. Referring to Figure 2, the function will be further explained for a clockwise rotation. An opposite direction of rotation is also possible.

Due to the eccentric arrangement of the roller body 13 within the outer body 8 in the clockwise rotation, the volume of the segment 17 a, formed by the roller body 5, outer body 8 and blade louvers 14, continuously reduced. The liquid contained in the segment 17 a is thus pressurized and thus provides a rotational resistance, which leads to the inhibition of the abseiling device 1. The liquid passes through the control bores within the wing blades 14 in the segment 17 b. The flow rate and thus the inhibition is adjusted by means of size and number of control bores. At the same time, the opposite process takes place, for example, in the segment 17c, the volume of which increases as it rotates. The inhibition is effected here by the resulting negative pressure in the segment 17 c, which takes place by flow of the liquid from the segment 17 b through the control bores of the arranged between the segments 17 b and 17 c wing blade 14. For the purposes of the present description, for example, the segment 17 a after a 45 ° rotation to segment 17 d. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the illustration shown is a temporal snapshot of a dynamic rotating system. In summary, in the illustrated segments 17 a and 17 b due to the reduction in volume and in the segments 17 c and 17 d due to the increase in volume an inhibiting effect generated. The co-rotation of the outer body 18 is prevented by the weight formed by the person to be rescued attached to the holding device 9.

Figure 3 shows a development of the inhibiting device of Figure 2. In this case, of the compressing segments 17 a and b, a ring line to the expanding segments 17 c and d arranged. In the ring line 18, a further control valve 19 is arranged. In this embodiment, the ring line 18 acts in the sense of a bypass. Conveniently, in this embodiment, the control bores in the wing louvers 14 are designed so that the height-rescue device is loaded at the largest load to be assumed, e.g. a very heavy person, such inhibition will cause a suitable rate of descent to be achieved. In other words, in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the control bores are designed such that they have a lower permeability to the liquid and thus an increased inhibition compared with the embodiment according to FIG. 2.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the liquid is partially pressed during compression in the segments 17 a and / or 17 b in the ring line 18, which opens on the opposite side of the outer body 8 in the segments 17 c and d, in which Volume is increased again during operation. The flow of the liquid through the loop 18 is adjusted by the control valve 19. By increasing or decreasing the passage in the control valve 19, the flow resistance and thus the inhibition of the brake system is adjusted in this way.

It is based on the knowledge that in this embodiment, only a portion of the liquid must pass through the control bore, while another part of the liquid is discharged through the loop 148.

This embodiment has the advantage that the discharge speed can be manually controlled by the operator. Furthermore, this embodiment allows lighter persons with the same rescue device can be roped at a sufficiently high speed to leave the danger area quickly. FIG. 4 shows a development of the embodiment according to FIG. 3, wherein a further branch line 20 branches off from the ring line 18 and ends in a control module 21. The control module 21 acts on the control valve 19.

The illustrated embodiment shows a height-rescue device with automatically regulating abseiling speed at different loads, or to be rescued persons with very different weights.

When using the height rescue system with a large load or a heavy person, the rotational speed of the roller body is increased with the associated facilities under its gravitational effect. This results in an increase of the hydraulic pressure in the line system 18 and 20 and the control module 21. The increasing hydraulic pressure is registered by the control module 21 and the control valve 19 readjusted.

In the load-free state, the control module 21 holds the control valve 19 in the open or largely open position. If the rescue device is now loaded with a large load, the pressure within the system rises and the control valve 19 is closed in proportion to the increase in pressure, until eventually complete closure. Thus, the escapement runs only on the control bores of the vane fins 14. Advantageously, the Lastabsinkgeschwindigkeit is kept largely constant within large weight tolerances of the load or abzuseilenden person.

A suitable control module 21 may comprise a pressure-resistant body having a control diaphragm 22 inside, the control diaphragm being loaded on one side by the fluid. On the opposite side of the control diaphragm is the spring 23, which acts against the hydrostatic pressure and holds the control valve 19 in the open position by means of a coupling member in the unloaded case. When pressurizing the liquid in the stub 20, the control diaphragm 22 acts against the spring 23 and by means of the coupling member on the control valve 19. The control effect by the strength of the spring 23 is arbitrarily adjustable. Another suitable embodiment for a brake system is explained below in FIGS. 5 and 6. In the embodiment shown is a mechanical braking device according to the principle of centrifugally controlled brake. FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the braking device perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The braking device in the illustrated embodiment comprises two brake shoes 24. In other embodiments, not shown, the use of only one or more than two brake shoes is possible.

The brake shoes 24 are configured semicircular in a conventional manner, in each case corresponding to the cylindrical inner side of the outer body 8. Furthermore, the brake shoes 24 are attached to one leg by means of axes 25 on the bottom plate 26 swung out. The bottom plate 26 acts as a hub body in this embodiment. The bottom plate 26 is rotated by the axis 5 in rotation. Suitably, a transmission gear can be arranged between the axis 5 and the bottom plate 26. The output of the transmission in this case acts as an axis 5. The transmission can e.g. be designed as a planetary gear. By this artifice, the rotational speed of the bottom plate 26 is significantly increased with the associated modules relative to the rotational speed of the axis 5. At the same time, the torque is lowered by the aforementioned measure.

In rescue operation, the force of gravity of the attached load, or the person to be rescued acts on the cable spool 2 and thus on the axis 5, which is thus set in rotation. The axis 5 forms the input for the optional transmission gear in which an increase in speed takes place with simultaneous torque reduction. The output of the transmission gear acts on the bottom plate 26, which is thus set in rotation. By the rotation act on the brake shoes 24 in a conventional manner centrifugal forces that cause an erection of the brake shoes 24 against the inner wall of the outer body 8. The friction of the brake shoes 24 on the inside of the outer body 8 leads to the desired inhibition. The provision of the brake shoes 24 after termination of the Abseilbetriebes done by return springs 27 (Figure 6).

The illustrated embodiment has the advantage of self-control of the inhibition effect and thus the abseiling speed. For heavy loads, or heavy persons, it initially comes in abseiling to an increased speed, which increases the speed of the bottom plate 26 with the associated components. This in turn has an increase in the centrifugal force acting on the brake shoes 24, the result, which in turn leads to increased contact pressure of the brake shoes 24 on the inside of the outer body 8 and thus in turn to an increased braking effect.

FIG. 6 shows a development of the embodiment according to FIG. 5, wherein the illustrated brake device has further devices for manual action on the brake device. This embodiment allows user intervention to reduce sink rate, to halt abseiling operation. This embodiment is particularly suitable for rescue workers, for example, as far as the rescuers abseil in a high-rise fire from a higher floor to accommodate a person to be sheltered in a floor below. In this case, the abseiling process can be interrupted at the level of the person to be rescued, the person is taken up and the abseiling process continues to the ground.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the brake shoes 24 each have an arcuate projection 28 in the middle. The projection 28 is formed so that the projections of the sum of all the brake shoes 24 together form an inner cone. Furthermore, the embodiment has a cone 29 which is arranged free-running on the displaceable cone axis 30. Freewheeling in the sense of the present invention means that the cone can rotate about the cone axis 30. The cone axis 30 with the cone 28 thereon is arranged so that it can be pressed by means of the squeezing device 31 into the inner cone, formed by the arcuate projections 28. Furthermore, this embodiment has a handset 32 for actuating the squeezing device 31. Suitably, the squeezing device 31 can be operated hydraulically or mechanically by means of the handset 32.

To slow down the abseiling or to bring the abseiling to a halt, the operator can operate the handset 32, which is moved by the action of the squeezing 31 of the cone 29 in the inner cone formed by the arcuate projections 28. At contact of Cone 29 with the inner cone formed by the curved projections 28, the cone 29 is taken from the rotating brake shoes 24. The cone 29 then rotates freely on the cone axis 30. Upon further expressions of the cone 29 is further pressed into the inner cone formed by the arcuate projections 28, whereby a spreading action is exerted on the brake shoes 24. The spreading effect and the associated contact pressure of the brake shoes on the inside of the outer body 8 can be arbitrarily controlled by the scope of the squeezing means of the squeezing device 31 via the handset 32. The forces thus applied to the brake shoes 24 act in addition to the braking forces generated by the centrifugal force.

Upon release of the handset, the cone 29 is retracted by a suitable return device, here in the form of the return spring 33. When retracting the cone 29, the spreading effect is reduced, whereby the brake shoes are released again. The braking effect is then effected alone again by the centrifugal forces in the aforementioned sense.

Another suitable brake system for controlling the abseiling speed is a pneumatic brake system and will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10.

Figure 7 shows the pneumatic brake system in its simplest embodiment. The pneumatic braking device comprises cylinders 33 arranged on the outer body 8. In the illustrated embodiment, the pneumatic braking device comprises eight cylinders. The number of cylinders with the associated modules can be varied easily. So it is possible to use braking devices with two, three, four, five, six, seven or more cylinders. Furthermore, an eccentric 37 is arranged on the revolving axis 5. In this embodiment, the eccentric acts as a hub body. The eccentric 37 will be explained in more detail below. The eccentric 37 has a circumferential groove 40. In the circulation groove 40 can run roller bearings 39, which are arranged at the lower end of a piston rod 35. At the opposite end of the piston rod 35 is the piston 34, arranged in the cylinder 33. A lateral buckling or warping of the piston rod 35 is prevented by the piston rod guide 36. FIG. 8 shows the cylinder 33 in enlarged detail. The cylinder 33 is designed as a substantially closed cylinder, in which the piston 34 can oscillate. To the piston 34, the piston rod 35 connects, which is sealed relative to the cylinder 33. In the representation below the cylinder 33, the piston rod guide 36 is arranged, which ensures a vertical guidance of the piston rod. At the other end of the piston rod, the roller bearing 39 connects. Furthermore, the cylinder 33 control bores or control nozzles 41, respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the cylinder.

In Abseilbetrieb the axis 5 is rotated according to the previously made representations of other embodiments, on which the eccentric 37 is arranged. By means of the eccentric 37, the pistons 34 are set in an oscillating motion via the piston rods 35. When retracting the piston 34 is a compression of the above the piston 34 in the cylinder 33 located gas, preferably air, instead. The compressed gas is controlled by the upper control bore 41 controlled against a resistance, whereby the movement of the piston 34 is inhibited. At the same time a negative pressure in the corresponding space of the cylinder 33 is formed on the opposite side of the piston 34 by the movement thereof. The compensation takes place in accordance with the lower control bore 41. The movement of the piston 34 thus takes place simultaneously against an overpressure in the direction of movement and a negative pressure on the side thereof. In other words, the system is double inhibited. The setting of the inhibition can be done easily by selecting the control bores or suitable control nozzles.

Furthermore, it is possible for the braking device to precede a transmission gear, as described above. The use of a transmission gear has the advantage that the rotational speed of the braking device is increased, while reducing the torque. The aforementioned measure leads to an improvement in the controllability and the effect of the braking devices.

By using a plurality of the aforementioned piston / cylinder units in asymmetric working position, the suspension or reduction of the inhibition in the uppermost or lowermost position of the piston 34 in its travel in the cylinder 33 compensated. This artifice provides continuous and even inhibition over the entire abseiling period.

Figure 9 shows a suitable embodiment of the eccentric 37. The eccentric 37 consists according to the illustrated embodiments of two mirror-image formed half-parts. The half parts each have eccentric axle receptacles 42 for receiving the axle 5. Circumferentially, the half parts continue to have a circumferential rim 43, forming the circulation groove 40. The circulation groove 40 takes in the installed state, the roller bearings 39 on. The roller bearings 39 can rotate freely in the circulation groove 40 during rotation of the eccentric 37.

FIG. 10 shows a development of the pneumatic braking device according to FIG. 7 with a standstill brake. The standstill brake comprises opposed pistons 45 which are arranged in the cylinder 33. The arrangement of the counter-piston 45 takes place off the axis 5 opposite to the piston 34. Notwithstanding the embodiment of Figure 7, the cylinder is provided on the outside with an opening which has no control effect. The control bore is in this embodiment within the counter-piston 45. Optionally, the counter-piston 45 may be provided on the piston 34 side facing with a brake buffer 46. A suitable brake buffer consists for example of an elastomeric block. The counter-piston 45 is attached to the adjusting ring 44 by suitable means, such as a piston rod. By means of the adjusting ring 44, the counter-piston 45 can be adjusted in its position in the cylinder 33. A suitable measure is the use of a positive guide 47.

Figure 11 illustrates a possible embodiment of the construction of a single cylinder outlined above. The cylinder 33 has on the outside openings 49a and 49b, which ensure the inlet and outlet of the pneumatic medium. Piston 34 and counter-piston 45 define a defined gas volume. The counter-piston 45 is here provided with a control bore 48 which influences the ratio of pressure-volume work to outflow volume during the descent operation.

In normal Abseilbetrieb the respective counter-piston 45 in its initial position, that is arranged at the outer end of the cylinder 33. Of the Abseilbetrieb runs in this position according to the embodiment of Figure 7. In order to bring the Abseilbetrieb to a standstill, or the counter-piston 45 are retracted under the action of the adjusting ring 44 in the cylinder 33. This briefly increases the compression in the intermediate space between piston 34 and counter-piston 45, which leads to increased inhibition and thus braking effect and a slowed abseiling. Upon further retraction of the counter-piston 45 in the cylinder 33, at least one of the opposed piston used in the travel of its associated piston 34, whereby the piston 34 abuts against the counter-piston 45, optionally under the action of the brake buffer 46, and thus brought to a standstill. A further rotation of the axle 5 is thus prevented and the abseiling interrupted.

To continue the abseiling process, the counter-piston 45 is returned to its initial position in the respective cylinder 33, with the return of the adjusting ring 44, with which the piston 34 again has the travel path available. Under the effect of gravity of the person to be rescued, or the suspended load of abseiling is resumed immediately.

The illustrated embodiment of Figure 10 has the advantage that the deceleration can be carried out to a standstill by the operator without further measures, namely by adjusting the adjusting ring, after which the resulting increased damping effect leads to a gentle braking without further action by the operator.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

I. Altitude rescue equipment

2. rope coil

3. rope

4. Coupling device

5th axis

6. Braking device

7. Hub body

8. outer body

9. Holding device

10. Leash

I I. Person intake

12. Person to be rescued

13. roll body

14th wing lamellae

15. Arid pressure springs

16. Annular gap

17. Segments

18. Ring line

19th control valve

20. Stub line

21. Control module

22nd control membrane

23. Spring

24. Brake shoes

25th axis

26. Base plate

27. Return spring

28. arched approach

29th cone

30. cone axis

31. Expressing device

32. Handset

33rd cylinder

34. Piston

35. Piston rod

36. Piston rod guide

37. eccentric

38. rollers

39. Roller bearing

40. Circular groove

41. Control bore / control nozzle

42. axle receptacle

43. Circumferential wreath

44th collar

45. Opposite piston

46. Brake buffer

47. Forced operation

48. Control bore

49. a) Opening I b) Opening 2

Claims

Our sign: HOKA 8 Applicant: by Gencsy 16.12.2005 Claims

Device for rescuing persons, characterized in that the device comprises an axle (5) on the center of which a cable reel (2) is arranged and the axle (5) has at its respective ends a hub body (7), the hub bodies ( 7) of outer bodies (8) are rotatably enclosed and between the hub bodies (7) and outer bodies (8) each have a braking device (6) is arranged, wherein further the outer body (8) each have at least one holding device (9).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the holding means (9) by means of carrying lines (10) a persons receptacle (11) is fixed.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the braking device (6) is a hydraulic braking device.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the hub body (7) as a roller body (13) is formed, wherein the roller body has at least two vane lamellae (14) arranged in the roller body (13) arranged recesses, wherein the axis (5 ) is arranged eccentrically in the interior of the outer body (8), forming the asymmetrical gap (16) and wherein the gap (16) is filled with a liquid and furthermore the wing louvers (14) have control openings.

5. Device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the liquid is hydraulic fluid.

6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the device further comprises a ring line (18) connecting the compressing portion of the annular gap (16) with the expanding portion of the annular gap, wherein further in the ring line (18) a Control valve (19) is arranged.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the ring line (18) further comprises a stub (20) comprising a control module (21), wherein the control module (21) acting on the regulating valve (19) acts.

8. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the braking device (6) is a mechanical braking device.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the hub body (7) is designed as a bottom plate (26), wherein on the bottom plate (26) at least one brake shoe (24) is arranged, which on a leg by means of axis (25) swung out is.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least two brake shoes (24) are provided, wherein the brake shoes (24) further each having an arcuate projection (28) forming an inner cone, wherein the braking device further comprises a cone (29) ,

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the cone (29) by means of squeezing device (31) is actuated.

12. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the braking device (6) is a pneumatic braking device.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the hub body (7) as an eccentric (37) is formed, connected to at least one piston (34) which can oscillate in the associated cylinder (33), wherein the cylinder (33). has at least one lower control bore (41).

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the cylinder (33) further comprises an upper control bore (41).

15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the eccentric (37) is formed of two half-parts, each having a circumferential rim (43), forming the circulation groove (40).

16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the braking device has at least two piston / cylinder units in asymmetric working position.

17. Device according to one of claims 12, 13, 15, or 16, characterized in that in the cylinder (33) an opposed piston (45) is arranged, wherein the counter-piston (45) further comprises a control bore (41).

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the counter-piston (45) on the piston (34) facing side with a brake buffer (46) is provided.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the counter-piston (45) by means of a adjusting ring (44) in its position in the cylinder (33) is adjusted.