WO2007072007A1 - Appareil de dissipation de puissance resistive electrique - Google Patents

Appareil de dissipation de puissance resistive electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007072007A1
WO2007072007A1 PCT/GB2006/004837 GB2006004837W WO2007072007A1 WO 2007072007 A1 WO2007072007 A1 WO 2007072007A1 GB 2006004837 W GB2006004837 W GB 2006004837W WO 2007072007 A1 WO2007072007 A1 WO 2007072007A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power circuit
switching means
fault
generator
series
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/004837
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrew Causebrook
Original Assignee
University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne filed Critical University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne
Publication of WO2007072007A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007072007A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/107—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of overloads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/006—Means for protecting the generator by using control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for temporarily increasing the electrical power resistively dissipated in power circuits connected to electrical generators and relates particularly, but not exclusively, to such apparatus for dynamically braking wind powered electrical generators.
  • Wind powered electrical generators are known which contribute power to the electrical grid system. Such generators suffer from the drawback that if a fault such as a short circuit occurs in a power circuit connected to the generator, the power drawn from the generator can decrease significantly. Damage to the generator could therefore result from the generator being driven too rapidly.
  • US Patent 5,198,745 discloses an arrangement in which electrical power is dissipated in dynamic braking resistors which are selectively connectable between phase conductors connected to the generator and earth.
  • braking resistors On detection of a fault on the power circuit, braking resistors are selectively connected between the phase conductors and earth, and the dissipation of electrical power in the braking resistors can limit the speed at which the generator rotor is driven during a power circuit disturbance.
  • the braking resistor can also be controlled to damp the rotor speed oscillations after the disturbance.
  • This arrangement can contribute to the stability of traditional grids comprising synchronous generators because the synchronous generators have an independent source of excitation that can provide significant support to the voltage across the parallel braking resistors during and after the disturbance. This in turn means that the power dissipation, proportional to the square of residual voltage across the resistors, can be sustained at a higher level during fault.
  • this arrangement does not contribute significantly to generator power take off when used with asynchronous machines that generally demand reactive power and thereby depress voltage during and after the disturbance .
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention seek to overcome or at least alleviate at least some of the above disadvantages of the prior art.
  • an apparatus for temporarily increasing electrical power dissipation in at least one power circuit connected to an electrical generator comprising:
  • At least one resistive component adapted to be connected in series with at least one phase conductor of a power circuit
  • switching means for connecting the or each said resistive component in series with said phase conductor in response to detection of a fault on a said power circuit, to increase the electrical power dissipation in the power circuit .
  • this provides the advantage that voltage at the terminals of the generator is supported in most cases by transferring all the generated power across the series resistor. This in turn means that electrical torque, proportional to the square of voltage at the generator terminals, is supported and power take off, the product of electrical torque and rotor speed, is increased while the resistor is inserted. This in turn means that the acceleration of the generator rotor during the fault is reduced and the stabilising (decelerating) torque during the recovery period is increased.
  • the advantage is also provided that reduction of torque transients on the generator drive train and the peak currents in the generator windings can be achieved by inserting the resistive component.
  • Transient torque and current reductions will be achieved on fault clearance only for dynamic braking resistors inserted by mechanical bypass switches. However, reductions will be achieved during fault initiation and clearance if the said resistors are inserted within a few milliseconds using transistors or active thyristors. Transient torque reductions are beneficial to the mechanical drive trains of all generator types. Reduced peak currents are particularly beneficial to certain types of wind turbine generators systems using power electronic switches in the rotor circuit (doubly-fed induction generators) .
  • At least one said resistive component may comprise at least one resistor.
  • At least one said resistive component comprises a plurality of resistors, and said switching means is adapted to vary the number of said resistors through which current flows.
  • This provides the advantage of enabling the overall resistance of the resistive component to be adjusted.
  • a plurality of first said resistors are connected in parallel, and said switching means includes a respective switch connected in series with at least one said first resistor .
  • a plurality of second said resistors are connected in series, and said switching means is adapted to enable current to by pass at least one said second resistor.
  • the switching means may be adapted to receive pulsed signals to control connection of at least one said resistive element to at least one said phase conductor.
  • This provides the advantage of enabling the effective resistance of the resistive element to be adjusted by adjusting the length and/or timing of the pulses.
  • the switching means may include at least one transistor .
  • the switching means may include at least one thyristor .
  • the apparatus may further comprise control means for generating a control signal for controlling said switching means in response to detection of a fault on at least one said power circuit.
  • a method of controlling electrical power dissipation in a power circuit connected to an electrical generator comprising:- detecting a fault in at least one power circuit connected to an electrical generator; and
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electricity generating system incorporating a dynamic braking resistor apparatus embodying the present invention
  • Figure 2A is a more detailed representation of a first embodiment of the dynamic braking apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 2B is a schematic representation, corresponding to Figure 2A, of a second embodiment of the dynamic braking apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 2C is a schematic representation, corresponding to Figure 2A, of a third embodiment of the dynamic braking apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 2D is a schematic representation, corresponding to Figure 2A, of a fourth embodiment of the dynamic braking apparatus of Figure 1.
  • an electricity generating apparatus 2 includes a wind powered generator 4 in which a rotor (not shown) is caused by wind to rotate relative to a stator in order to generate electrical power, as will be familiar to persons skilled in the art.
  • a dynamic braking apparatus 6 embodying the present invention is connected between terminals 8 of the generator 4 and a step up transformer 10.
  • the dynamic braking apparatus 6 includes a resistor 12 and a switch 14 for selectively connecting the resistor 12 in series with a power circuit including phase conductors l ⁇ a l ⁇ b.
  • the switch 14 is closed in normal operation of the generator 4.
  • the switch 14 may be a mechanical contactor or circuit breaker, or a power transistor (for example an IGBT or MOSFET) for providing high frequency switching for insertion within less than 1 millisecond and low distortion control of the effective resistance.
  • line- commutator thyristors for providing cycle by cycle switching and relatively low on state losses may be used. Active thyristors provide sub-millisecond insertion and relatively low on state losses, providing peak current limitation and some resistance control. The switching may also be controlled so that the length/timing of pulses controls the effective resistance of the braking resistor 12.
  • a controller 18 detects a fault on the power circuit by a suitable method as will be familiar to persons skilled in the art, and sends a control signal to open the switch 14 to connect the resistor 12 in series with the phase conductors 16a l ⁇ b. As a result, all of the available current in the phase conductors l ⁇ a l ⁇ b flows through the resistor 12, and power is dissipated in the resistor 12 in a manner related to the square of the current flowing.
  • the generating apparatus 2 has tee-off connection 20 and a site busbar 22, both of which are connected to other generators (not shown) .
  • a site substation 24 includes a second dynamic braking apparatus 26, similar in construction to the first dynamic braking apparatus 6 but adapted to operate at higher voltages, connected to the power circuit.
  • a step-up transformer 28 is connected to the dynamic braking apparatus 26 and a tee- off connection 30 connects the power circuit to other generation sites (not shown) .
  • a further dynamic braking apparatus 32 is connected between the tee-off connection 30 and a grid substation 34.
  • a soft-starter 130 for grid connection of an induction generator is provided, as will be familiar to persons skilled in the art.
  • the soft- starter 130 is bypassed by a mechanical switch 114a under normal operation.
  • the braking resistor 112 is connected in parallel with the soft-starter 130 and bypass switch 114a and controlled by adapting the control of the soft-starter 130 according to the requirements of the dynamic braking system.
  • An additional switch 114b is required in series with the braking resistor 112 to prevent interference of the resistor 112 with the normal function of the soft- starter 130 during connection.
  • the soft-starter 130 typically comprises a back-to-back (anti-parallel) pair of thyristors switched by pulses timed to reduce the effective voltage applied to the terminals of an induction generator. This allows the connecting voltage to be progressively ramped up to full voltage, thereby reducing the high inrush of current associated with connecting generators of this type.
  • the soft-starter 130 as applied to control the effective braking resistance, operates in a similar manner by controlling the effective voltage across the resistor 112 and therefore the power dissipated in it during the grid fault.
  • a dynamic braking apparatus 206 of a third embodiment is shown in Figure 2C.
  • Either or both of two parallel connected resistors 212 can be connected in series with the conductors 16a, 16b of the power circuit by means of separate switches 214a, 214b and controller 218 to adjust the effective resistance experienced by current flowing through the phase conductors 16a, 16b.
  • a dynamic braking apparatus 306 of a fourth embodiment is shown in Figure 2D, in which a pair of series connected resistors 312 can be selectively connected to the conductors 16a, 16b of the power circuit by closing one or both of switches 314a, 314b operated by controller 318.
  • switch 14 is closed and most of the available current by passes the resistor 12 because of the much lower resistance of the bypass switch path 14.
  • the controller 18 opens the switch 14 to connect the resistor 12 in series with the conductors 16a, l ⁇ b of the power circuit.
  • all of the current passing through the phase conductors 16a, 16b of the power circuit now passes through the resistor 12 and is available to cause electrical power dissipation, which varies with the square of the current passing through the phase conductors 16a, 16b.
  • the dissipation of electrical power in the dynamic braking resistor 12 limits the maximum rotational speed of the generator 4 and therefore prevents it from tripping and allows it to recover to a stable condition after fault clearance.
  • the controller 18 closes the switch 14 again after an appropriate delay.
  • the controller 18 uses voltage and/or current measurements together with the status of other interactive devices (not' shown) such as reactive power compensation devices to determine the timing of control signals sent to the switch 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de freinage dynamique (6) pour l'accroissement temporaire de dissipation d'énergie relié à un générateur (4). L'appareil de freinage dynamique (6) comporte une résistance apte à être connectée en série au moyen d'un contrôleur à des conducteurs (16a, 16b) du circuit électrique par la fermeture d'un commutateur en réponse à la détection d'une défaillance sur le circuit électrique.
PCT/GB2006/004837 2005-12-22 2006-12-21 Appareil de dissipation de puissance resistive electrique WO2007072007A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0526133.4 2005-12-22
GB0526133A GB0526133D0 (en) 2005-12-22 2005-12-22 Dynamic braking of electric generators for fault ride-through control

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007072007A1 true WO2007072007A1 (fr) 2007-06-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2006/004837 WO2007072007A1 (fr) 2005-12-22 2006-12-21 Appareil de dissipation de puissance resistive electrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB0526133D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007072007A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2325729A1 (es) * 2009-02-19 2009-09-14 Universidad Politecnica De Madrid Sistema de desexcitacion rapida para maquina sincronas con excitacion indirecta.
WO2010115224A2 (fr) * 2009-04-10 2010-10-14 Andritz Hydro Gmbh Alimentation en énergie d'un réseau électrique
EP2523332A1 (fr) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Convertisseur de fréquence doté d'une résistance de précharge et procédé de fonctionnement de celui-ci
EP3032684A1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-15 General Electric Company Système et procédé de génération de puissance avec une capacité de freinage résistif
EP1920515A4 (fr) * 2005-08-30 2016-09-28 Abb Research Ltd Regulation de debit de puissance d'eolienne a charge de lissage et convertisseur d'energie
EP3276165A1 (fr) * 2016-07-29 2018-01-31 General Electric Company Système de freinage à batterie pour une éolienne
EP3540934A1 (fr) * 2018-03-13 2019-09-18 Rolls-Royce plc Système d'alimentation continue en cas de panne

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993003531A1 (fr) * 1991-08-08 1993-02-18 Electric Power Research Institute Systeme de resistance de freinage dynamique
GB2320145A (en) * 1996-12-06 1998-06-10 Switched Reluctance Drives Ltd Current Limiter
WO1998052267A1 (fr) * 1997-05-14 1998-11-19 Sony Transcom Inc. Circuit de regulation des appels de courant
EP0945983A2 (fr) * 1998-03-23 1999-09-29 Electric Boat Corporation Procédé et montage disjoncteur d'un circuit à courant continu

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993003531A1 (fr) * 1991-08-08 1993-02-18 Electric Power Research Institute Systeme de resistance de freinage dynamique
GB2320145A (en) * 1996-12-06 1998-06-10 Switched Reluctance Drives Ltd Current Limiter
WO1998052267A1 (fr) * 1997-05-14 1998-11-19 Sony Transcom Inc. Circuit de regulation des appels de courant
EP0945983A2 (fr) * 1998-03-23 1999-09-29 Electric Boat Corporation Procédé et montage disjoncteur d'un circuit à courant continu

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1920515A4 (fr) * 2005-08-30 2016-09-28 Abb Research Ltd Regulation de debit de puissance d'eolienne a charge de lissage et convertisseur d'energie
CN102318183A (zh) * 2009-02-19 2012-01-11 马德里理工大学 用于具有间接激励的同步电机的快速去激励系统
WO2010094818A1 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-26 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Système de désexcitation rapide pour machines synchrones à excitation indirecte
ES2325729A1 (es) * 2009-02-19 2009-09-14 Universidad Politecnica De Madrid Sistema de desexcitacion rapida para maquina sincronas con excitacion indirecta.
WO2010115224A3 (fr) * 2009-04-10 2010-12-02 Andritz Hydro Gmbh Alimentation en énergie d'un réseau électrique
US20120098335A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-04-26 Andritz Hydro Gmbh Energy supply in an electric network
WO2010115224A2 (fr) * 2009-04-10 2010-10-14 Andritz Hydro Gmbh Alimentation en énergie d'un réseau électrique
EP2523332A1 (fr) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Convertisseur de fréquence doté d'une résistance de précharge et procédé de fonctionnement de celui-ci
EP3032684A1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-15 General Electric Company Système et procédé de génération de puissance avec une capacité de freinage résistif
JP2016123261A (ja) * 2014-12-11 2016-07-07 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 抵抗制動機能を有する発電システムおよび方法
US10050433B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Power generation system and method with resistive braking capability
EP3276165A1 (fr) * 2016-07-29 2018-01-31 General Electric Company Système de freinage à batterie pour une éolienne
US10243352B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2019-03-26 General Electric Company Battery-supported braking system for a wind turbine
EP3540934A1 (fr) * 2018-03-13 2019-09-18 Rolls-Royce plc Système d'alimentation continue en cas de panne
CN110277796A (zh) * 2018-03-13 2019-09-24 劳斯莱斯有限公司 故障穿越系统

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