WO2007068408A1 - Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie dessen verwendung - Google Patents
Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie dessen verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007068408A1 WO2007068408A1 PCT/EP2006/011842 EP2006011842W WO2007068408A1 WO 2007068408 A1 WO2007068408 A1 WO 2007068408A1 EP 2006011842 W EP2006011842 W EP 2006011842W WO 2007068408 A1 WO2007068408 A1 WO 2007068408A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter bag
- bag according
- nonwoven fabric
- filter
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 109
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000146553 Ceiba pentandra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003301 Ceiba pentandra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003305 autocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
- A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
- A47L9/14—Bags or the like; Rigid filtering receptacles; Attachment of, or closures for, bags or receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
- B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/4291—Olefin series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/555—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by ultrasonic heating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/028—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using vibration, e.g. sonic or ultrasonic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
- B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2432/00—Cleaning articles, e.g. mops, wipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2509/00—Household appliances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S15/00—Brushing, scrubbing, and general cleaning
- Y10S15/08—Dust bags and separators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/02—Vacuum cleaner bags
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a filter bag for a vacuum cleaner comprising at least three layers, wherein at least two layers, which consist of at least one nonwoven fabric layer and a nonwoven fabric layer, are connected by a welded connection, wherein a high bulk is set by the small number of welded joints per surface.
- the invention further relates to the use of such a filter bag.
- EP 0 960 645 B1 describes combinations of nonwovens which have a particularly long service life and dust removal capability.
- EP 1 362 627 A1 describes filter bags with a multilayer structure in which the fiber diameter distributions in the coarse dust filter layer and in the fine dust filter layer have gradients.
- EP 1 254 693 A2 describes a vacuum cleaner bag in which a prefilter layer made of a dry-laid, electrostatically active nonwoven fabric is present in front of a filter layer.
- EP 1 197 252 A1 describes a filter medium made of a film-fiber nonwoven fabric which consists of dry-laid, electrostatically charged, fibrillated fibers which are joined together by ultrasonic welding.
- a filter medium made of a film-fiber nonwoven fabric which consists of dry-laid, electrostatically charged, fibrillated fibers which are joined together by ultrasonic welding.
- the production rate is higher compared to the needling of the batt with a scrim and the drag of the scrim can be avoided.
- the film fiber nonwoven fabric can still be connected to further nonwoven fabric layers.
- EP 1 197 252 A1 is above all that the dust feed this material is insufficient for use as a filter medium for vacuum cleaner bags.
- the object of the present invention to provide a filter bag whose filter material compared to those described in the prior art, has a particularly low bulk density, in order to achieve a superior dust storage capacity.
- the filter bag should continue to have a structure in which the
- Vacuum cleaner with a filter material proposed which is characterized in particular in that it has a structure of at least three layers, wherein at least two layers, which consist of at least one nonwoven web and at least one nonwoven fabric layer are connected by welded joints, wherein in the welded joints with as little as possible Welded connections based on the entire flow-through surface of the filter bag, is worked.
- this is achieved by virtue of the fact that, based on the total flow-through surface of the filter bag, an average of at most 19 welded joints per 10 cm 2 are present, preferably a maximum of 10 welded joints and particularly preferably a maximum of 5 welded joints.
- the pressing surface portion of the weld pattern is at most 5%, preferably at most 2% and particularly preferably at most 1% of the area of the filter bag which can be flowed through.
- the filter bag has the additional feature that the average total porosity is at least 65%, preferably at least 80%, very particularly preferably at least 95%.
- the average median pore diameter (average median pore diameter) is at least 120 ⁇ m, more preferably at least 150 ⁇ m, more preferably at least 180 ⁇ m and most preferably at least 200 ⁇ m.
- the measuring method for determining the average total porosity or the average median pore diameter according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 15 to 17.
- the thickness and bulk (bulk) of the material is significantly increased for the same surface-related mass. Due to the low density (bulk density) of the composite, the material has a high dust storage capacity.
- the present invention is not subject to any restrictions, provided that a maximum of 19 welds per 10 cm 2 , based on the flow-through surface of the filter bag, are present.
- the welded joints can basically be distributed uniformly over the entire area, ie at equal intervals, or else also uneven.
- the invention thus also includes embodiments in which welded joints are present only in certain areas in a higher number and in which then larger open areas, which are then separated by an increased number of welded joints from a next larger free area.
- the essential criterion is always that the specified in claim 1 maximum number of welded joints is not exceeded.
- the welded joints themselves can be designed in different geometries.
- the nonwoven fabric layer of the invention which is present in a composite with the nonwoven fabric comprises all staple fibers and / or filaments known per se in the prior art.
- Staple fibers in the sense of the invention are also understood to mean fibrillated film fibers (split fibers) and crimp fibers, the staple fibers in the sense of the invention may also be preferably charged electrostatically.
- Crimpfasern especially those have proved to be favorable, which have a spatial structure, such as a zigzag, wave and / or spiral structure.
- the advantage of such fibers is that they make the bulkiness of the medium even clearer can increase.
- the crimping fiber can be a mechanically crimped, an autocrimping fiber and / or a bicomponent crimping fiber.
- Autocrine fibers are e.g. in EP patent 0 854 943 and in PCT / GB 00/02998.
- Bicomponent crimp fibers may be e.g. from Chisso Corporation in Japan and spiral type crimped polyester staple fibers from Gepeco in USA.
- Staple fibers selected from natural fibers and / or man-made fibers may be used in the invention.
- chemical fibers are, in particular, polyolefins and polyesters.
- natural fibers are cellulose, wood fibers, kapok, flax.
- the nonwoven fabric layer of the invention consists of loosely deposited fibers or filaments.
- the methods for depositing are known from the prior art of nonwovens.
- the main process stages are raw material processing -> web formation -> web bonding -> nonwoven finishing.
- the loose, unbonded fiber web produced during web formation becomes part of it
- Nonwoven fabrics web
- the nonwoven fabric is formed from the nonwoven fabric and has sufficient strength to be wound into rolls, for example. This latter step thus does not occur in the production of the nonwoven fabric layer according to the invention, instead the nonwoven fabric is bonded to a nonwoven fabric layer.
- the filter bag according to the invention is subject in terms of the arrangement of the layers and the number of layers in so far no restrictions with the proviso that in each case at least two layers of a nonwoven fabric layer and at least one nonwoven fabric layer, said two layers by a welded joint, preferably by an ultrasonic welded joint, as described above, are interconnected throughout.
- the nonwoven fabric layer of the above-described composite is preferably a support or carrier layer and has a surface-related mass of at least 5 g / m 2 .
- a scrim is favorably used.
- a scrim is understood to mean any air-permeable material that can serve as a carrier or reinforcing layer. It may be a nonwoven fabric, a woven material or a netting.
- the nonwoven fabric layer is made of a thermoplastic polymer to simplify the weldability with the nonwoven fabric layer.
- scrims are spunbonded nonwovens. But it can also be dry or wet laid nonwoven fabrics, which have a sufficient mechanical stability.
- the surface-related dimensions of such a nonwoven fabric according to the present invention is preferably between 10 and 200 g / m 2 , more preferably between 20 and 100 g / m 2 .
- the basis weight in g / m 2 was determined according to DIN EN 29073-1.
- the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric layer it should be mentioned that this has been determined indirectly via the composite of the nonwoven fabric layer and the nonwoven fabric layer, since it is not possible to determine the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric layer solely because of its loose structure. Therefore, the determination was made by a subtraction procedure, ie it was the area-related mass of the entire composite, ie the composite of the Nonwoven fabric and the nonwoven fabric layer, determined and then deducted the area-related mass of Vliesstoffläge, which can be determined separately, again.
- the thickness of the composite of the nonwoven fabric layer and the nonwoven fabric layer described above is between 1 and 7 mm, preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
- the thickness was determined according to EDANA 30.5-99 point 4.2.
- the device used was a VDM 01, available from Karl Schröder KG in Weinheim. Since the measurements according to methods 4.1, 4.2 or 4.3 gave very different results, the measurements of the inventive composites, i. Composites, in principle carried out according to method 4.2.
- the filter bag according to the invention can of course, as described above, in addition to the composite of the nonwoven fabric layer and the nonwoven fabric layer have further layers.
- a filter bag according to the invention may be constructed from three layers, in which case the nonwoven layer is then sandwiched between two nonwoven fabric layers, which then act as a support or carrier layer.
- the filter bag according to the invention can furthermore have, as required, still further fine filter layers with different filter properties.
- Fine filter spunbond layers are used here as fine filter layers.
- Fine-filter spunbonded layers according to the invention are corresponding layers which are suitable for depositing fine particles.
- melt-blown spunbonding process meltblowing process
- spunbonding process flash spinning process
- electrostatic spunbonding process electrostatic spunbonding
- the filter bag according to the invention is preferably characterized by a continuous ultrasonic welding connection through all layers, i. by the nonwoven fabric layer and the nonwoven fabric layer and the other layers, connected to each other.
- the filter bag according to the invention also includes embodiments in which only welded joints of the nonwoven fabric layer with the nonwoven fabric layer are present and the further layers are either by gluing or by another
- the invention also includes embodiments, e.g. in the form of a three-layer structure, in which case the further layer only comes to lie loosely on the composite on the nonwoven layer and the nonwoven fabric layer and only one edge-side connection is carried out.
- the filter bag according to the invention is particularly suitable as a dust filter bag.
- FIGS. 1 to 9 show a schematic detail of how the filter material of the filter bag according to the invention can be constructed.
- FIG. 1 shows a two-layer structure of a layer 1 in the form of a nonwoven fabric layer, which is shown in FIG. 1
- FIG 1 is a scrim. This Scrimlage 1 is through Ultrasonic welds connected to a Faservlies- läge 2. In Figure 1, the further required according to the invention position is not shown.
- the structure of the structure of the embodiment shown in Figure 2 corresponds substantially to that of Figure 1, but with an additional layer of a fine filter medium 3, which here represents the third layer.
- the preferred inflow side is indicated by arrows.
- the fine filter layer 3 consists, e.g. from a melt-blown fleece.
- FIG. 3 again shows a further example, starting from FIG. 2, with an additional protective layer 4, which is arranged downstream.
- This protective layer 4 may be a scrim, preferably a spunbonded nonwoven.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is composed of a layer of a nonwoven fabric 1 with a nonwoven fabric layer 2 fastened thereto by welding, as described above, wherein a layer of protective nonwoven fabric 4 is additionally connected upstream on the upstream side.
- the nonwoven fabric 1 here is in particular a melt-blown nonwoven fabric.
- FIG. 5 differs from FIG. 4 by an additional microfiber nonwoven fabric layer 3 arranged downstream.
- FIG. 6 shows a laminate of two layers of nonwoven fabric 1 which are joined together by ultrasonic welding points and between which the nonwoven fabric layer 2 is located.
- FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the structure according to the invention, which starts from FIG. 7, but here now with a layer of a filter medium 3 arranged downstream.
- FIG. 9 shows a structure starting from FIG. 8 with an additional layer 4 downstream.
- the respective structures are described only schematically in the lamination sequence.
- the structures described above are then preferably interconnected by ultrasonic welding.
- Tables 1 to 11 now summarize the measurement results achieved by means of the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 described above in comparison to an embodiment according to EP 1 197 252 A1 , In the examples of Figures 1, 3 and 4, a composite was used, the 0.2
- FIG. 13a shows in the form of a 3D graphic how the small number of welding spots affects the structure of the material.
- a material is shown in Figure 13a, as it corresponds to the structure of Figure 7, i. it is a material that consists of a fiber-fleece layer that lies between two layers
- FIG. 13a clearly shows the pillow-like configuration leading to the high bulkiness as described above.
- 100% polypropylene split fibers were used as the nonwoven fabric layer.
- the spunbonded nonwoven is also made of polypropylene.
- the structure of the filter medium shown in FIG. 13b corresponds analogously to what has already been described in FIG. 13a, but with the difference that there are 2.5 weld points per cm 2 . This makes it clear that a significant advantage in terms of the bulkiness of the material is achieved by the inventive design in the form of a low number of welded joints.
- FIG. 14 the embodiment according to the invention leads to a significant increase in the dust storage capacity compared with the filter media, as described in the prior art, which have 2.5 welding points per cm 2 .
- the measurement results shown in FIG. 14 were carried out as follows: Vacuum cleaner used:
- Test procedure The dust bag to be tested is installed in the device after the device has warmed up for 10 minutes.
- the volume flow without dust load is after 1 min. Read the running time of the device. Then the first portion of 50 g of dust is sucked in within 30 seconds. After 1 min. the actual volume flow (in m 3 / h) is read off. This step is repeated for the following dust additions until 400 g of dust has been added.
- FIG. 15 schematically illustrates the measuring principle for determining the average total porosity and the median pore diameter.
- Figure 16 shows a device used in determining the average total porosity and pore diameter median.
- Table 9 shows the measured values with regard to the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
- the measured values were determined according to the method given below.
- the surface free energy of the wetting liquid 20 / sample 12 system is less than the free surface energy of the system air / sample 12, the pores of a sample spontaneously fill up with wetting liquid 20.
- the wetting liquid 20 can be removed from the pores by increasing of the differential pressure 22 of an inert gas 18 to the sample 12 are removed. It has been shown that the required differential pressure 22 to displace the wetting liquid 20 from a pore is determined by the size of the pore (Akshaya Jena, Krishna
- Equation 1 The correlation between the differential pressure 22 of the inert gas 18 and the pore size is determined by Equation 1 is reproduced,
- p is the differential pressure 22 of an inert gas to the sample
- Y is the surface tension of the wetting liquid 20
- ⁇ is the contact angle of the wetting liquid 20 on the pore surface
- D is the pore diameter whose definition for an irregular cross section is represented by the following equation (2).
- the sample 12 When the sample 12 is applied to a membrane 25 and the pores of the sample 12 and the membrane 25 are filled with a wetting liquid 20, the Application of a pressure 23 on the sample 12 to a displacement 23 of the liquid from the pores of the sample 12 and to a flow 24 of the liquid 20 through the membrane 25. If the largest pore of the membrane 25 smaller than the smallest pore of interest Sample 12 is, while the liquid 20 is displaced from the pores of interest of the sample 12 and flow out of the membrane 25, however, the pressure 22 will not be sufficient to remove the liquid 20 completely from the pores of the membrane 25, the Gas will not be able to escape through the liquid-filled pores of the membrane 25. Thus, the diameter or the volume of the pores can be determined via the differential pressure 22 and the outflow volume of the liquid 20 (A.
- the PMI liquid extrusion porosimeter 5 (FIG. 16) is based on the liquid extrusion methodology.
- the sample chamber 6 of the porosimeter 5 consists of a cylindrical PVC container whose diameter is 45 mm and whose depth is 45 mm.
- a relatively marmaschiges, open, made of stainless steel wire net 7 rests on a bar at the bottom of the sample chamber 6.
- Below the net 7, the sample chamber 6 is up to a flexible tube 8 having a diameter of a few mm in diameter and having the underside of a cylindrical acrylic vessel 9, its diameter 40 mm and its depth 40 mm, connected.
- the vessel 9 and its cover 10 are mounted on a balance 11 (manufacturer: Mettler, weight resolution 0.0001 g).
- a cylindrical insert 13 (40 mm diameter, 40 mm height) is placed on the sample 12 within the sample chamber 6.
- the upper side of the insert 13 has a notch for an O-ring 14.
- a pneumatically operated device 15 having a piston 16 guided in a cylinder is mounted on the sample chamber 6.
- the piston 16 is hollow to ensure a flow of the test gas 18 into the sample chamber 6.
- a flat stainless steel disk 17 welded to the underside of the piston 16 presses the insert 13 against the O-ring 14 on top of the insert 13 to prevent test gas 18 from escaping. Control of the piston 16 occurs pneumatic. In this case, a separate feed of the test gas 18 and the gas 19 for operating the piston 16 takes place.
- the wetting liquid used was Galwick, a perfluorinated polymer (oxidized and polymerized 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, hexafluoropropene).
- the liquid is inert, the surface tension is 16 dynes / cm. Because of the very low surface tension of the test fluid, the contact angle is close to 0 ° (Vibhor Gupta and AK Jena, "Substitution of Alcohol in Porometers for Bubble Point Determination", Advances in Filtration and Separation Technology, American Filtration and Separation Society, 1999, 13b, pp. 833-844). 4.
- test execution, data acquisition and data reduction were carried out fully automated by using a computer and suitable software.
- the execution of the test procedure after loading the sample chamber 6 with a sample 12 was carried out automatically, so that accurate and reproducible results could be obtained.
- the sample chamber 6, the vessel 9 on the scale 11, the net 7 at the bottom of the sample chamber 6 and the insert 13 were cleaned with alcohol to remove impurities.
- the o-rings 14 were also cleaned and greased.
- a millipore membrane 25 having a maximum pore diameter of 0.45 ⁇ m was applied to the mesh 7. It is important to ensure that the membrane 25 is undamaged, ie no defects, cracks or other damage, as this may otherwise lead to falsifications of the measurement result.
- Now wetting liquid 20 was added to the vessel 9, which via the tube 8 in the Probenkam- mer 6 flows. In this case, so much wetting liquid 20 was added that a liquid level in the sample chamber 6 is reached, so that the liquid 20 just completely covers the net 7. This ensures complete wetting of the membrane. After a certain time, a constancy of the display of the scale 11 turned on, whereby the achievement of a steady state could be detected.
- Filter bags made from a filter bag material consisting of a composite of a fiber fleece layer enclosed between two nonwoven fabric layers were used for the measurement.
- the nonwoven layers are made of polypropylene fibers.
- the non-woven fabric layer consists of polypropylene staple fibers (split fibers with 60 mm length).
- the filter material is connected by punctiform welds, which are introduced by means of ultrasonic welding. Three samples were tested with a different number of spot welds, namely 16, 70 and 95, each related to 100 cm 2 , evenly distributed over the surface. Circular samples 12 of 45 mm in diameter were then punched out of the filter bags. The samples 12 were weighed and the thickness determined according to EDANA 30.5-99 point 4.2 (see p.
- the density P b was calculated. This bulk density corresponds to that of the dry sample.
- the topsheet of Sample 12 was scored with a knife (Stanley knife). Each cut was 10 mm long and 1 mm wide. To a reasonable
- samples 12 examined with a different number of cuts. Based on the results obtained with these samples 12, it was found that five sections per sample 12 are appropriate; Thus, all studies were performed with five sections per sample 12.
- the arrangement of the five cuts was made in analogy to the arrangement of the points at a five on a cube.
- the sample was placed in a vessel containing wetting liquid 20. At this time, the sample 12 absorbed the wetting liquid 20 and showed a tendency to swell. Care was taken not to immerse the sample 12 completely in the liquid 20 in order to avoid air bubbles in the sample 12.
- the wetted sample 12 was subsequently applied to the membrane 25 within the sample chamber 6.
- the O-ring 14 was applied to the sample 12 and the insert 13 to the O-ring 14.
- sample 12 All information relating to sample 12, including the identification number, was stored in a computer. The units as well as the various functions to be measured have also been entered. Subsequently, the test was carried out.
- the piston 16 was lowered computer controlled to press the insert 13 on the O-ring 14. To prevent leakage, a predetermined pressure was applied to the O-ring 14. The balance 11 was tared. Following was the test gas 18 slowly introduced through the piston 16 to the surface of the sample 12. The gas pressure 22 was computer-controlled, increased in small increments, thus an adjustment of a balance of the system was achieved before recording the data.
- the computer stored the data of the pressure and weight change of the liquid by means of the balance 11. The results were also plotted to track the progress of the test. To obtain the results at the end of the test, the data was printed in various ways.
- the measuring device 5 recorded the increase in the weight of the wetting liquid 20 displaced from the sample 12 via the scale 11 and converted the weight of the liquid 20 into the corresponding volume via the density. This result represents the cumulative pore volume. Also, from the gas pressure of the test gas 18 determined by the measuring device 5, which was used to displace the wetting liquid 20 from the pores of the sample 12, the pore diameter was calculated. Thus, the cumulative pore volume could be recorded as a function of the pore diameter.
- the porosity P (in%) was calculated from the bulk density, p b and the total pore volume V according to equation (3).
- the median of the pore diameter is defined so that 50% of the total pore volume is due to pores larger when the mean pore and 50% of the total pore volume are derived from pores smaller than the mean pore.
- the arithmetic mean of several measurements of the samples used is given in Table 9 ( Figure 17).
- Table 9 the filter material of the bag according to the invention has an extremely high average total porosity of up to 96.8%. As the number of welded joints increases, the total porosity then decreases to a value of 67.4%. Accordingly, the average meridian of the pore diameter decreases from 201.8 ⁇ m to 129.1 ⁇ m. As the results show, the filter bags according to the invention have an extremely high porosity, which ultimately leads to an above-average dust storage capacity.
- the pore diameter and the pore volume of a sample are calculated from the measured gas pressure required to displace the wetting liquid from the pores and the measured volume of the displaced liquid from the pores.
- the pores in the top and bottom nonwoven layers (spunbond layers) of the sample are much smaller than the pores of the fibrous web layer in the center layer. It can be seen from Equation 1 that the gas pressure needed to cause a liquid from the top and bottom applied layers must be much higher than that needed for the nonwoven layer.
- the high pressure needed to displacing the liquid from the small pores of the top-applied spunbond layer will also displace liquid from the larger pores of the middle nonwoven layer; thus, the diameter of the small pores of the above-applied spunbond layer is measured as the diameter of the pores in the nonwoven fabric layer as the middle layer.
- the determined pore volume will be close to the pore volume of the middle layer because the volume of the small pores in the very thin top and bottom layers
- the test procedure used in this study also involves applying several cuts to the topsheet. Through the cuts large openings were inserted into the upper layer so that the test gas could pass through the small pores of the upper layer. There was no measurement of the diameter and the volume of the small pores in the upper layer. Thus, the displacement of the liquid from the middle layer occurred at low pressures that correlate with the large pores in the fibrous nonwoven layer.
- the underlayer applied spunbond layer did not affect the test because the liquid that was displaced from the pores of the nonwoven layer by gas pressure simply flowed through the lower spunbond layer and thus the gas pressure was not suitable for displacing liquid from the underlayer. Thus, the diameter and volume of the pores in the nonwoven fabric layer were determined by this test.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/096,994 US8070858B2 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | Filter bag for a vacuum cleaner and use thereof |
CN2006800467597A CN101330959B (zh) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | 真空吸尘器滤袋及其用途 |
DE502006009126T DE502006009126D1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie dessen verwendung |
AT06829440T ATE501775T1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie dessen verwendung |
AU2006326368A AU2006326368B2 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | Filter bag for a vacuum cleaner and use thereof |
EP06829440A EP1960084B1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie dessen verwendung |
NO20083107A NO341603B1 (no) | 2005-12-12 | 2008-07-10 | Filterpose for støvsuger og anvendelse av denne |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005059214.7 | 2005-12-12 | ||
DE102005059214A DE102005059214B4 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2005-12-12 | Filterbeutel für einen Staubsauger |
EP06018324A EP1795247B1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-09-01 | Filterbeutel für einen Staubsauger sowie dessen Verwendung |
EP06018324.1 | 2006-09-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007068408A1 true WO2007068408A1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
Family
ID=37836920
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2006/011842 WO2007068408A1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie dessen verwendung |
PCT/EP2006/011945 WO2007068444A1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Staubsaugerfilterbeutel |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2006/011945 WO2007068444A1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Staubsaugerfilterbeutel |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US8070858B2 (de) |
EP (3) | EP1795247B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101330959B (de) |
AT (2) | ATE450305T1 (de) |
AU (2) | AU2006326368B2 (de) |
DE (3) | DE102005059214B4 (de) |
ES (3) | ES2337385T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO341603B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2429047C2 (de) |
WO (2) | WO2007068408A1 (de) |
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DE102007043297A1 (de) | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-12 | Eurofilters N.V. | Halteplatte für einen Staubsauger-Filterbeutel sowie Filterbeutel |
US8986432B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2015-03-24 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Meltblown filter medium, related applications and uses |
US9950284B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2018-04-24 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media suitable for hydraulic applications |
US10682595B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2020-06-16 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media suitable for hydraulic applications |
US8950587B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2015-02-10 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media suitable for hydraulic applications |
US8679218B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-03-25 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media with a multi-layer structure |
US10155187B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2018-12-18 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media with a multi-layer structure |
US9283501B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2016-03-15 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media with a multi-layer structure |
US10653986B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2020-05-19 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Fine fiber filter media and processes |
US11458427B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2022-10-04 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Fine fiber filter media and processes |
US10874962B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2020-12-29 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Fine fiber filter media and processes |
US10155186B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2018-12-18 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Fine fiber filter media and processes |
EP2617339A3 (de) * | 2012-01-19 | 2016-01-13 | Miele & Cie. KG | Mehrlagiges Filtermaterial für einen Staubsaugerbeutel |
US9694306B2 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2017-07-04 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media including polymer compositions and blends |
EP2835163A1 (de) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-11 | Eurofilters N.V. | Filterbeutel für einen Staubsauger sowie Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer unmittelbar angeströmten Fläche eines Staubsaugerfilterbeutels |
WO2015018920A1 (de) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Eurofilters N.V. | Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie verfahren zur ermittlung einer unmittelbar angeströmten fläche eines staubsaugerbeutels |
US10343095B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2019-07-09 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media comprising a pre-filter layer |
US11167232B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2021-11-09 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media comprising a pre-filter layer |
US11684885B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2023-06-27 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media comprising a pre-filter layer |
US12011686B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2024-06-18 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media comprising a pre-filter layer |
CN106268031B (zh) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-07-10 | 晋江市纯荣纺织科技有限公司 | 一种麻/石墨复合高性能过滤材料及其制备方法 |
CN106268031A (zh) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 晋江市纯荣纺织科技有限公司 | 一种麻/石墨复合高性能过滤材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1795247B1 (de) | 2009-12-02 |
EP1795247A1 (de) | 2007-06-13 |
EP1960083B1 (de) | 2016-09-21 |
US8070858B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
US20090031683A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
ES2359738T3 (es) | 2011-05-26 |
ES2337385T3 (es) | 2010-04-23 |
AU2006326316A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
RU2008124143A (ru) | 2010-01-20 |
ATE501775T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
DE502006009126D1 (de) | 2011-04-28 |
EP1960084B1 (de) | 2011-03-16 |
NO341603B1 (no) | 2017-12-11 |
AU2006326368A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
RU2429047C2 (ru) | 2011-09-20 |
WO2007068444A1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
EP1960084A1 (de) | 2008-08-27 |
EP1960083A1 (de) | 2008-08-27 |
DE502006005502D1 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
NO20083107L (no) | 2008-09-10 |
ATE450305T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
AU2006326368B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
ES2604587T3 (es) | 2017-03-07 |
CN101330959A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
US20090211211A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
CN101330959B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
AU2006326316B2 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
DE102005059214B4 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
DE102005059214A1 (de) | 2007-06-28 |
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