WO2007068290A1 - Technique de distribution de contenu via differents types de support - Google Patents

Technique de distribution de contenu via differents types de support Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007068290A1
WO2007068290A1 PCT/EP2006/000374 EP2006000374W WO2007068290A1 WO 2007068290 A1 WO2007068290 A1 WO 2007068290A1 EP 2006000374 W EP2006000374 W EP 2006000374W WO 2007068290 A1 WO2007068290 A1 WO 2007068290A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearer
content
broadcast
channel
mapping information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/000374
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Horn
Thorsten Lohmar
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to EP06701481A priority Critical patent/EP1961180A1/fr
Priority to US12/096,694 priority patent/US9491408B2/en
Publication of WO2007068290A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007068290A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/20—Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information via plural systems
    • H04H20/24—Arrangements for distribution of identical information via broadcast system and non-broadcast system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/26—Arrangements for switching distribution systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/20—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for managing network security; network security policies in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/414—Specialised client platforms, e.g. receiver in car or embedded in a mobile appliance
    • H04N21/4143—Specialised client platforms, e.g. receiver in car or embedded in a mobile appliance embedded in a Personal Computer [PC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/435—Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383—Accessing a communication channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6106—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6131—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via a mobile phone network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64—Addressing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/654—Transmission by server directed to the client
    • H04N21/6543—Transmission by server directed to the client for forcing some client operations, e.g. recording
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/658—Transmission by the client directed to the server
    • H04N21/6582—Data stored in the client, e.g. viewing habits, hardware capabilities, credit card number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
    • H04H2201/30—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the use of a return channel, e.g. for collecting users' opinions, for returning broadcast space/time information or for requesting data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/50—Tuning indicators; Automatic tuning control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17318—Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to the field of content distribution services such as television (TV) services.
  • the invention relates to a content distribution technique that employs different transport bearer types.
  • Unicast delivery means that each user terminal gets its own unique data connection for accessing one or more content channels.
  • One drawback of this approach is that it does not scale satisfactorily if an increasing number of user terminals is starting to use a particular service.
  • broadcast delivery An alternative to unicast delivery is broadcast delivery.
  • each content channel is distributed to all user terminals simultaneously.
  • the number of data connections can be significantly reduced because the number of re- quired data connections only depends on the number of distributed content channels and no longer on the number of active user terminals.
  • broadcasting reduces the number of required data connections, it is important to understand that broadcasting is not always the most efficient way of deJiver- ing content channels.
  • content channels are transmitted even if there are no user terminals listening to them since the broadcasting system does not have any knowledge about who is listening to a channel and who is not.
  • the transmission power of a broadcast bearer in a radio cell cannot be adapted to the receive conditions of different user terminals. Instead it must be sufficiently high such that even user terminals with bad coverage can still receive a good enough signal.
  • unicast delivery has the advantage that network resources are only allocated if requested. Furthermore, with unicast delivery a base station can optimize its transmission power for each user terminal individually such that user terminals closer to the base station require less power than user terminals further away.
  • Multicast In addition to broadcast and unicast, multicast is a third transport alternative. Multi- cast adds group management capabilities to broadcast. However, support for multicast requires an increased implementation effort. Multicast support can for example be provided via the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS).
  • MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
  • a method for controlling the distribution of content via a first bearer type including at least one broadcast bearer and a second bearer type including at least one non-broadcast bearer.
  • the method comprises the steps of providing a plurality of content channels, wherein each con- tent channel is associated with at least one of a bearer of the first type and a bearer of the second type, maintaining mapping information for the content channels, the mapping information being indicative of the associations between content channels and bearer types, and controlling content distribution in accordance with the associations between content channels and bearer types.
  • Each content channel can be distributed via exactly one bearer or simultaneously with a plurality of bearers.
  • the plurality of bearers may include at least one bearer of the first type and at least one bearer of the second type.
  • the step of maintaining mapping information can be performed in various ways and may include at least one of generating, storing, and modifying (e.g. updating) mapping information.
  • the mapping information comprises for each content channel a content channel identifier (such as a particular rank within a list or an explicit channel descriptor) and an associated access descriptor (e.g. an abstract denotation of a particular bearer type or an explicit description of a bearer having a particular bearer type).
  • a mapping scheme comprising the mapping information can be realized in the form of an abstract mapping function, in the form of an explicit mapping table and/or in any other form suitable for establishing an association be- tween one or more content channels on the one hand and different bearer types on the other hand.
  • the at least one non-broadcast bearer may comprise at least one unicast bearer and the at the least one broadcast bearer may comprise at least one multicast bearer.
  • the at least one broadcast bearer may comprise one or more conventional broadcast bearers.
  • the method may further comprise the step of transmitting the mapping information to a recipient of one or more content channels.
  • the map- ping information is transmitted before the content recipient actually starts receiving content via one or more of the content channels.
  • the first variant may be performed to notify the content recipient of the bearer and/or bearer type via which a particular content channel is or will be transmitted.
  • the mapping information is transmitted to a content recipient while the content recipient is receiving one or more content channels.
  • the second variant permits the content recipient to keep track of modifications in the mapping information. The modifications may result from switching a particular content channel between two bearers of the same type and/or of different bearer types.
  • the method may further comprise the steps of initiating bearer switching for at least one content channel between two bearers of the same type and/or of different bearer types, and maintaining the mapping information by modifying (i.e. updating) the mapping information in accordance with the bearer switching.
  • the modified mapping information is transmitted at least to those recipients cur- rently receiving the one or more content channels for which bearer switching has been or will be initiated.
  • the method additionally comprises the steps of evaluating switching control information, and deciding about initiation of bearer switching based on a result of the evaluation.
  • the switching control information may include at least one of content usage information, time of the day, predicted user interest, and location information (such as a cell identifier) with regard to mobile content recipients.
  • the switching control information (such as, in particular, content usage information and location information) may be gathered from the various content recipients. To this end, the content recipients may be configured to generate and transmit switching control information.
  • a method of selectively receiving content via one of a first bearer type including at (east one broadcast bearer and a second bearer type including at least one non-broadcast bearer comprises the steps of accessing mapping information indicating that a par- ticular content channel is distributed via at least one of a bearer of the first type and a bearer of the second type, and switching to a bearer of the type indicated in the mapping information for reception of the particular content channel.
  • the above method may additionally comprise the step of receiving modified mapping information during reception of the particular content channel.
  • modifications in the mapping information for the particular content channel may be monitored, and based on detected modifications in the mapping information bearer switching may be performed.
  • a non-broadcast bearer (such as a unicast bearer) may be established between a content distribution controller and a content recipient not only for content reception.
  • the non-broadcast bearer may for example also, or alternatively, be employed for an initial or repeated transfer of mapping information from the content distribution controller to the content recipient.
  • the non-broadcast bearer may be used for transmitting switching control information from the content recipient to the content distribution controller.
  • the non-broadcast bearer is maintained during a content distribution session regardless of bearer type changes taking place during the content distribution session with respect to the particular content channel to which the content distribution session pertains.
  • the invention may be practised in the form of a hardware solution, as a software solution or as a software/hardware combination.
  • a computer program product comprising program code portions for performing the steps of the method when the computer program product is run on one or more computing devices.
  • the computer program product may be stored on a computer readable recording medium.
  • a device for controlling the distribution of content via a first bearer type including at least one broadcast bearer and a second bearer type including at least one non-broadcast bearer comprises a provision component for providing a plurality of content channels, wherein each content channel is associated with at least one of a bearer of the first type and a bearer of the second type, a maintenance component for maintaining mapping information for the content channels, the mapping information being indicative of the associations between content channels and bearer types, and a controller for controlling the content distribution in accordance with the associations between content channels and bearer types.
  • a device for selectively receiving content via one of a first bearer type including at least one broadcast bearer and a second bearer type including at least one non-broadcast bearer comprises an access component for accessing mapping information indicating that a particular content channel is distributed via at least one of a bearer of the first type and a bearer of the second type, and a switch for switching to a bearer of the type indicated in the mapping information for reception of the particular content channel.
  • Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a first method embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a process flow diagram of a second method embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a content distribution controller embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a content recipient embodiment of the present invention
  • Rg. 5 is a first schematic signalling diagram that can be utilized in the embodiments 5 of the present invention.
  • Rg. 6 is a second schematic signalling diagram that can be utilized in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • o Rg. 7 is a third schematic signalling diagram that can be utilized in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • Rg. 8 is a process flow diagram of a channel switching embodiment of the present invention. 5
  • the technique of separating logical content channels from the underlying transport 5 bearers illustrated below advantageously supports a dynamic mapping between logical content channels and transport bearers of different types.
  • the hybrid approach combining broadcast and non-broadcast bearers facilitates dynamic changes in the mapping with respect to non-broadcast transmitted content channels and broadcast transmitted content channels. It is thus possible to offer content distribution services such as mobile TV services selectively via a unicast network, an MBMS network, a Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld (DVB-H) network or any other network type in a resource optimized and flexible manner.
  • the content distribution concept can be implemented such that it is completely transparent to the user which bearer type is used for delivery of a particular content channel. This means that the user does in general not notice whether a content channel is delivered over a broadcast or non- broadcast bearer.
  • Fig. 1 shows a process flow diagram 100 of a first method embodiment relating to the control of content distribution via a first bearer type including at least one broadcast bearer and a second bearer type including at least one non-broadcast bearer.
  • a plurality of content channels are provided.
  • Each content channel is associated with at least one of a bearer of the first type and a bearer of the second type.
  • a first content channel may be associated with a broadcast bearer
  • a second content channel may be associated with a unicast bearer
  • third content channel may associated with both a broadcast bearer and a unicast bearer.
  • mapping information for the plurality of content channels is maintained.
  • the mapping information is indicative of content channel/bearer type associations.
  • the maintenance of mapping information includes generating mapping information in accordance with the associations of step 102.
  • mapping information may constitute control information for the content distribution.
  • the mapping information may simply be reflective of the content dis- tribution control In the latter case, steps 104 and 106 may be performed in any order.
  • Fig. 2 shows a process flow diagram 200 of another method embodiment relating to the reception of content via one of a first bearer type including at least one broadcast bearer and a second bearer type including at least one non-broadcast bearer.
  • mapping information is accessed. The mapping information indicates that a particular content channel is distributed via a particular bearer type.
  • a next step 204 switching to a bearer of the bearer type indicated in the mapping information is performed to enable reception of the particular content channel.
  • the switching may be performed prior to reception of the particular content channel and/or during reception of the particular content channel.
  • Fig. 3 shows the network backend architecture in the form of a content distribution control device 300.
  • the device 300 not only allows for a dynamic content distribution control. It also provides the content distribution sen/ices requested by one or more user terminals acting as clients.
  • a device component 1 When a new user terminal requests a content distribution service, a device component 1 first checks the terminal capabilities. If the requesting terminal does not support broadcast reception, it will receive a channel mapping table describing a "unicast-only" mapping in which all content channels are mapped to unicast bearers. This "unicast-only" mapping table is provided by component 2 and forwarded by component 1 via a first control connection to the terminal. If, on the other hand, the terminal is known to support broadcast reception, it will receive a mapping table which typically associates one or more content channels with unicast bearers and one or more further channels with broadcast bearers. This mapping table is provided by component 3 and forwarded by component 1 via the first control connection to the terminal.
  • a channel replication component 4 is configured to receive all incoming media packets corresponding to the available content channels.
  • the channel replication compo- nent 4 replicates the incoming media packets for further processing both at the broadcast selector component 5 and the unicast selector component 6.
  • the broadcast selector component 5 maps media packets belonging to the content channels configured for broadcast distribution to k output channels which are further processed for delivery over broadcast bearers.
  • the k output channels generated in the broadcast selector component 5 are encrypted if service access protection is required. Without encryption, every user terminal capable of receiving broadcast channels can receive the content channels delivered over the broadcast bearers.
  • the encryption component 9 forwards the encrypted data packets to a broadcast gateway 10.
  • the broadcast gateway 10 maps the incoming packet flows to the individual broadcast bearers as indicated by BCl to BCk.
  • the unicast selector component 6 selectively handles content channels that are to be delivered over unicast bearers. For each connected user terminal, the unicast selector component 6 selects one of the incoming content channels and forwards the corresponding media packets to the unicast connection established for the particular user terminal. Channel selection (and channel switching) requests are received from connected terminals via a second control connection and in accordance with a separate control protocol as will now be described in more detail.
  • the Real Time Streaming Protocol is used for establishing a unicast connection to a user terminal.
  • RTSP control component 7 communicating with the user terminal via a third control connection is provided.
  • RTSP is only one possibility for connection establishment.
  • other control protocols fulfilling the same purpose could in principle also be used.
  • an optional service access protection component 8 is handling service access protection for those user terminals that are connected via unicast connections.
  • the service access protection component 8 prevents unauthorized users from using a particular content service by checking for each incoming connection request whether the user terminal is actually authorized to use the content service.
  • Fig. 4 shows a device 400 for selectively receiving content via different bearer types.
  • the device 400 includes an application component 402 that receives, via a first control connection, channel mapping information in the form of a mapping table from the server side shown in Fig. 3.
  • the mapping table is maintained in a channel map- ping storage component 404.
  • the mapping information contained in the mapping table is used by the receiver selection component 406 and the broadcast receiver component 408 as will be described below in more detail.
  • a second control connection is used by the application 402 to send channel selection commands to the backend device shown in Fig. 3, whereas a third control connection is used to establish a unicast connection via RTSP.
  • an RTSP control component 410 is provided.
  • unicast data are received by a unicast receiver component 412 via a unicast bearer (fourth connection), whereas broadcast data are received by the broadcast receiver component 408 via one or more broadcast bearers (fifth connection).
  • the receiver selection component 406 forwards packets received via the unicast bearer for further processing to a data/media splitter component 414. If, on the other hand, a channel is selected which is received over a broadcast bearer, the receiver selection component 414 forwards packets received over one of the broadcast bearers.
  • An optional decryption component decrypts packets received via the broadcast bearers in the case access protection is enabled.
  • the data/media splitter component 414 receives the packets forwarded by the receiver selection component 406 and separates mapping data received over a (logical) mapping data channel from media data.
  • the mapping data channel is used to optionally send updates of the channel mapping table (e.g. as side information over the unicast or broadcast channels) in the case channel mapping is changed.
  • the mapping data is forwarded by the data/media splitter component 414 to a mapping data processing component 416 which modifies the channel mapping information stired by the component 404 accordingly.
  • the media data is decoded and displayed to the user by the media processing component 418.
  • the receiving device 400 - when it connects to the serving device 400 - first establishes a unicast connection through a session estab- lishment protocol such as RTSP.
  • the unicast connection can be kept open through the lifetime of the content delivery session between the two devices 300, 400.
  • the serving device 300 preferably only sends data over the unicast connection if the receiving device 400 has requested a channel which is (currently) delivered over a unicast bearer. Otherwise, the receiving device 400 receives the content channel over a broadcast bearer (while the unicast connection remains established).
  • the receiving device 400 can listen to one or more content channels on broadcast bearers.
  • the broadcast channels are delivered through MBMS (although other broadcast technologies could be used as well).
  • a mobile TV start sequence messaging scenario for obtaining service configuration data at client application start-up is shown.
  • the client application 502 sends a startreq message via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to a mobile TV server application 504.
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • the client application 502 could for example reside on the reception device 400 of Fig. 4, whereas the server application 504 could reside on the content distribution controlling device 300 of Fig. 3.
  • the server application 504 responds to the start. req message with a startres message.
  • the start.res message includes (among other information) service configuration information (in the form of a service configuration file) and the current channel mapping table.
  • the service configuration file describes content channels and transport bearer sepa- rately such that a dynamic mapping between content channels and transport bearers can be defined.
  • the content channels in the service configuration file can be uniquely identified by a number, by a character string or by any other identification means. This identification allows to match the content channel descriptions with the local "key-binding" in the user terminal.
  • the transport bearers are also uniquely identified, for example by their position within a list or by an explicit identifier (e.g. by a ServicelD). For each broadcast bearer used by a particular content distribution service, the following parameters should be specified:
  • IP Multicast Address/APN - ServicelD (optional)
  • URI Uniform Resource Identifier
  • SDP Session Description Protocol
  • the reference to the SDP file contained in the Service Description can be local (e.g. the SDP may be contained in the Service Description) or it points to a server from which the SDP file can be obtained.
  • each user terminal needs to know the address of the application server which receives any channel switching requests.
  • the channel mapping table describes the mapping between content channels and transport bearers listed in the Service Description. Assuming that five content channels are numbered from 1 to 5, and further assuming that there are two available broadcast bearers BC#1 and BC#2, the mapping table could look as follows:
  • This mapping table indicates that content channels 3 and 5 are delivered over broadcast bearers BC#1 and BC#2, respectively, whereas all other content channels are delivered over unicast bearers. If required, one or more of the content channels may be associated with both a broadcast bearer and a unicast bearer. This means that the particular content channels could be received both via broadcast and via unicast. If the channel mapping changes while a user terminal is connected to the content server, the user terminal may be informed about the new channel mapping as exem- plarily shown in the signalling diagram of Fig. 6.
  • the mobile TV server application 504 sends an update message which includes a file (ChannelMap.conf) indicative of the new channel mapping.
  • the update message may be distributed via all FLUTE data channels belonging to the particular o mobile TV service. This may include MBMS broadcast channels, Packet-Switched (PS) streaming channels (unicast), DVB-H broadcast channels, and other channels.
  • PS Packet-Switched
  • the client application 502 may thus receive multiple copies of the ChannelMap.conf file.
  • the channel mapping may for example change in such a manner that the server aps plication 504 starts forwarding media packets of content channels via broadcast bearers and stops forwarding media packets of these channels over unicast bearers for clients who are able to receive broadcast transmissions. If an updated channel mapping indicates a transport bearer change - either from unicast to broadcast or vice versa - for the channel a user terminal is currently receiving, the client applica- o tion 502 running on the user terminal must change the input connection accordingly. This means in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 that the receiver selection component 406 switches either from broadcast to unicast reception or vice versa.
  • the switch from a broadcasted content channel to a content channel delivered over a 5 unicast bearer may explicitly be requested by a user terminal or commanded by the server application 504. If the user terminal requests such a switch, there exist two possible scenarios.
  • the user terminal requests a switch from a broadcasted content o channel to content channel delivered over unicast.
  • the client application 502 sends a general "change channel" command to the server application 504 as shown in the lower half of Fig. 6.
  • the "change channel” command may include an indication of the content channel in question.
  • the server application 504 locally detects that the channel in question is to be delivered over a unicast bearer and starts 5 forwarding media packets over the (preferably already established) unicast connection.
  • the client application 502 could command the server application 504 explicitly to deliver the data of the indicated content channel over a unicast bearer. The client application 502 then stops listening to the broadcast bearer and starts listening to the unicast connection instead.
  • the user terminal requests a switch for a particular content channel that is currently delivered over a unicast connection to a broadcast bearer.
  • the client application 502 may send a general "change channel" command to the server.
  • the server then locally detects that the requested content channel is to be delivered over a broadcast bearer and stops forwarding the media packets over the unicast bearer.
  • the client application 502 could com- mand the server application 504 explicitly to stop the delivery of media packets over the unicast bearer. Then, the client stops listening to the unicast bearer and starts listening to the broadcast bearer instead.
  • either the client application 502 or the server application 504 decide independently about bearer switching.
  • the client application 502 running on the user terminal provides the server application 504 with switching control information (such as usage information and/or location information with regard mobile user terminals).
  • the server application 504 gathers switching control information from various client application 502, evaluates the gathered switching control information, and decides about initiation of bearer switching based on a result on the evaluation.
  • the server application 504 may take other switching control information such as time of the day and/or predicted user interest into account.
  • a network operator operating the server application 504 can adapt the mapping based on usage statistics, based on interest shifts (a news channel may for example get more attention during an election day), based on the time of the day (during evening hours other content channels are of interest than in the afternoon), etc.
  • bearer switching aims at associating content channels of high interest (i.e. with many listening user terminals) with broadcast bearers and at associating content channels of lower interest with unicast bearers.
  • an operator may derive usage informa- tion from the server application (such as a mobile TV server application or a streaming server application).
  • the server application such as a mobile TV server application or a streaming server application.
  • an operator generally does not have content usage information.
  • an operator of a mo- bile network can often not determine whether a group of connected user terminals is located in one and the same coverage cell (i.e. in a densely populate cell) or spread over a large number of coverage cells. This is sometimes a drawback because in the case of a densely populate cell, it would often be efficient to transfer a unicasted content channel to a broadcast bearer.
  • a scenario relating to content distribution via a unicast bearer (e.g. a mobile TV service delivered via PS streaming) will described with reference to Rg. 7.
  • the server application 504 is readily aware of usage information for individual content channels as it keeps tracks of the established unicast connections.
  • each user terminal has activated an RTSP streaming session and often also an HTTP based channel control session.
  • the client application 502 running on the user terminal may thus send a channel switching command via HTTP to the server application 504 as shown in Rg. 7.
  • the channel switching command may not only include a channel identifier, but additionally a cell identifier or any other geographical identifier.
  • mobility e.g.
  • cell identifier changes may be sent to the server application 504 via an update message.
  • the server application 504 could retrieve location information for the mobile terminal on which the client application 502 is running by contacting the network based location information service associated with the mobile terminal.
  • location information could be forwarded inside the RTSP session set-up message. Updated location information could be provided via the RTSP Set Params method. Alternatively, the server application 504 could use the network based location information service to get the required location information.
  • broadcast bearers using e.g. MBMS or DVB-H
  • legacy TV receivers for example, do not include any functionality to send a usage report towards the network.
  • Mobile TV receivers are often integrated into third generation (3G) handsets and can therefore be configured to send usage report towards the network.
  • the usage reports may be sent in particular time intervals (such as once every fifteen minutes) or together with event reports or request (e.g. relating to channel changes).
  • event reports or request e.g. relating to channel changes.
  • usage reports could provided via a HTTP based feedback mechanism.
  • the client application may use the HTTP POST method to upload usage information, or the HTTP GET message to request a new channel. Additionally, switching control information such as a cell identifier, an area identifier or, in the case of DVB-H, a multiplex identifier may be incorporated into the uploaded document or included into the HTTP header.
  • the content channel identifier of the previously consumed (e.g. watched) content channel could also be provided as feedback.
  • a usage reporting component of the server application may keep track of the number of users per content channel. To this end, a channel usage histogram may be used. In the case of a time based usage reporting scheme, either the identifier of the currently consumed content channel may be reported or, in the alternative, a detailed histogram (or statistics) of the content channels selected by the user within the particular reporting period.
  • the server application subscribes to the usage reporting event on the user terminal.
  • a "virtual subscription" may be used.
  • the notification message can be generated responsive to a channel change event or on a timed basis (e.g. in regular intervals).
  • the Notify message can be sent immediately after the content channel has been changed.
  • the previously consumed content channel may be a part of the notification.
  • the server application may dynamically change the channel/bearer type mapping.
  • a dynamic mapping mechanism will be described with reference to the process flow diagram 800 of Rg. 8.
  • the mechanism shown in Hg. 8 is started periodically per content channel.
  • the mechanism could be executed per content channel after a predefined amount of channel switching events have occurred. For instance, the mechanism may be executed each time after 1000 changes to and/or from a particular content channel have been counted.
  • the mechanism starts with a waiting period 802.
  • the waiting period 802 it is constantly monitored in step 804 whether a timer has expired.
  • the timer may be set, for example, somewhere between 5 and 60 minutes (e.g. to 15 minutes).
  • Step 806 determines if location information is available for the user terminals receiving the particular content channel. In the case no (or no precise) location information is available, the mechanism proceeds with step 808. In step 808, a mean member den- sity assuming a homogenous usage in the service area is determined. On the other hand, if it is determined in step 806 that location information is available, the mechanism proceeds with step 810. In step 810 the mean member density per coverage cell is calculated. Optionally, the mechanism may additionally calculate a peak density, give a 95% tile or apply any weighting function.
  • step 812 it is determined if the particular content channel for which the mechanism is executed is mapped to a unicast bearer. If it is determined that the channel is mapped to a unicast bearer, it is then determined in step 814 if the mean density is above a predefined broadcast switching threshold. If the mean density is above the predefined broadcast switching threshold, then the content channel currently transmitted via a unicast connection is put on a broadcast bearer in step 820.
  • step 812 it is determined in step 812 that the particular content channel is currently not mapped to a unicast bearer, it is then determined in a next step 816 if the mean member density is below a predefined unicast switching threshold. Should the mean member density be below the unicast switching threshold, then, in step 822, the channel currently associated with a broadcast bearer is put on a uni- cast bearer. Accordingly, the broadcast switching threshold and the unicast switching threshold ensure that the available resources are utilized in an efficient manner. In the case of a high mean member density, content distribution via a broadcast bearer generally makes better use of the available resources, while in the case of a low mean member density unicast transmission is preferred.
  • the mechanism may use different thresholds for switching to a broadcast bearer and for switching to a unicast bearer.
  • a hysteresis may be implemented to avoid flip-flop effects.
  • One possible hysteresis implementation prevents further transport bearer switches during a predefined period of time (or before a predefined number of channel change events) after the last transport bearer switch has occurred.
  • Another option would be to change the transport bearer mapping only if the determinations in blocks 814 and 816 have repeatedly indicated the need for a change in the mapping scheme.
  • step 820 After a bearer switching operation decision in step 820 or in step 822 has been performed, or if the mean member density is below the broadcast switching threshold/above the unicast switching threshold (decision blocks 814 and 816), the timer is reset in step 818 and the mechanism loops back to step 802.
  • the mapping information (such as a mapping table) will need to be updated.
  • the updated mapping scheme (or an updated, channel-related portion thereof) may immediately be sent to the active client applications.
  • the updated mapping scheme (or mapping scheme portion) is only sent after the mechanism shown in Fig. 8 has been executed for all content channels.
  • the actual bearer switching (steps 820 and 822) may be executed only after all content channel mappings have been checked.
  • the decision relating to mapping changes may also consider the capabilities of the connected user terminals. If, for example, a large portion of the user terminals has no broadcast capabilities, a change of the transport bearer mapping to broadcast bearers is often not feasible.
  • the content distribution technique described herein allows a seamless integration of uni- cast and broadcast delivery within the same type of service (which, in some of the examples is mobile TV).
  • This integration allows a network operator to decide which content channels are to be delivered over unicast bearers and which should be deliv- ered over broadcast bearers. With an additional decision mechanism it is possible to automatically select a channel mapping scheme which utilizes the available broadcast bearers in an efficient manner.
  • legacy user terminals e.g. user terminals supporting only unicast content distribution
  • the content channels may then additionally be delivered via unicast connections to the legacy user terminals,
  • the server application keeps track of how many user io terminals are currently listening to a particular content channel. Accordingly, the server application can optimize the mapping between content channels and transport bearers. In one implementation, those content channels with the highest number of users will be mapped to the available broadcast transport bearers, whereas the remaining content channels are delivered over unicast bearers. Of course, more sophis- i5 ticated mapping implementations could be used as well.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une technique de contrôle de la distribution de contenu via des supports de diffusion générale et des supports hors antenne. Un procédé de réalisation de cette technique comprend les étapes consistant à fournir une pluralité de canaux de contenu, chaque canal de contenu étant associé à un premier type de support et/ou à un second type de support, à maintenir les informations d'application pour les canaux de contenu, les informations d'application indiquant des associations de supports entre les canaux de contenu et les types de support, et à contrôler la distribution du contenu en fonction des associations réalisées entre les canaux de contenu et les types de support.
PCT/EP2006/000374 2005-12-13 2006-01-17 Technique de distribution de contenu via differents types de support WO2007068290A1 (fr)

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