WO2007060539A2 - Procedes servant a preparer des aliments pour animaux - Google Patents

Procedes servant a preparer des aliments pour animaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007060539A2
WO2007060539A2 PCT/IB2006/003384 IB2006003384W WO2007060539A2 WO 2007060539 A2 WO2007060539 A2 WO 2007060539A2 IB 2006003384 W IB2006003384 W IB 2006003384W WO 2007060539 A2 WO2007060539 A2 WO 2007060539A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
kibble
type
dead
prebiotics
food
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2006/003384
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007060539A3 (fr
Inventor
Dennis Forte
John Crosbie Goold
Edward J. Meysztowicz
Original Assignee
Jorrocks Pty Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2005906627A external-priority patent/AU2005906627A0/en
Application filed by Jorrocks Pty Ltd. filed Critical Jorrocks Pty Ltd.
Publication of WO2007060539A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007060539A2/fr
Publication of WO2007060539A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007060539A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new method for coating of extruded animal feeds and to a new method for the presentation of dairy food inclusions into animal food kibble.
  • the invention is particularly related to the coating of extruded starch and/or protein based animal feeds with dead probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, dead yeasts, botanical extracts and dairy components.
  • Pellets are typically formed from a starch and/or protein containing base ingredient, eg wheat or corn, mixed with a variety of other ingredients. Denaturation of the protein or gelatinisation of the starch acts to bind the components of the feed together.
  • Animal feed pellets typically are formed by mechanical means.
  • One such means typically involves introducing moisture in the form of water or steam into the ingredients and forcing the aggregate through a tube or barrel.
  • the ingredients are compressed and forced along the barrel by a screw arrangement within the barrel.
  • the shaft of this screw may increase in diameter the further it is within the barrel.
  • the flights of the screw may be spaced closer together the further it is in the barrel. The effect of screw shaft diameter increases and increasingly closer spacing of screw flights is to decrease the internal volume of the barrel.
  • a flat plate with a series of openings is provided at the end of the barrel.
  • the die plate assists in maintaining pressure on ingredients within the barrel. Further, ingredients are forced through the die plate openings and typically form an extruded, solid rod.
  • a rotating knife or blade with a visual resemblance to an aeroplane propeller may be affixed to the die plate. This results in the cutting of the extruded rod into pellets or kibble.
  • the apparatus used for extrusion cooking is typically called an extruder.
  • An extruder may be provided with a single screw or a double screw arrangement within the barrel.
  • a disadvantage of the extrusion cooking method is that the pressures and temperatures generated within the extruder barrel may denature or destroy temperature or pressure sensitive animal feed ingredients.
  • a class of ingredients that are typically heat or pressure sensitive are those that may be provided for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect on an animal.
  • the temperature generated in an extruder barrel may be 150 degrees Celsius or higher.
  • Many ingredients supplied for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect may be significantly denatured at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius.
  • Such ingredients are typically provided in a powder form. While it is feasible to measure out a dosage of such a powder and apply it separately to an animal feedstuff it is more convenient to incorporate the same dosage with a feed pellet. This greatly simplifies and combines the task of feeding and dosage administration. A method for the coating of extruded pellets with ingredients supplied for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect on an animal would be advantageous.
  • Such a coated pellet would be subject to forces of friction and vibration in the course of being manufactured, packaged, transported and presented to an end consumer.
  • a method for ensuring the integrity or preservation of the coating on the pellet would be further advantageous.
  • probiotics A key group of ingredients supplied for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect on an animal are a class of bacteria called probiotics.
  • Probiotics may be supplied in a live state, that is, capable of metabolizing nutrients and proliferating.
  • Probiotics may also be supplied in a 'dead' state, that is, incapable of metabolizing nutrients and proliferating. Where probiotic bacteria are supplied in the dead state they still maintain an identifiably approximate physical formation or structure to that manifested in the live state.
  • dead probiotic bacteria may be passed through an extrusion cooking process the high temperatures and pressures in the extruder barrel may break apart or atomize the physical structure of the bacteria. This physical structure is important in the function of dead probiotic bacteria in exerting a beneficial physiological effect on an animal.
  • a method for the incorporation of the dead probiotic bacteria within a coating applied to an extruded pellet post extrusion cooking would be advantageous. Such a method would avoid the necessity of passing the dead probiotic bacteria through an extruder barrel to otherwise incorporate them within the feed pellet. As a consequence the dead probiotic bacteria would not break apart or atomize.
  • a further key group of ingredients supplied for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect on an animal are a class of bacteria or bacterial extracts or plant extracts called prebiotics. Where prebiotics may be passed through an extrusion cooking process the high temperatures and pressures in the extruder barrel may break apart or atomize the physical structure of the prebiotics or cause oxidation or chemical alterations to the prebiotics.
  • This physical structure, non oxidized or non chemically altered state of the prebiotics is important in the function of the prebiotics in exerting a beneficial physiological effect on an animal.
  • a method for the incorporation of the prebiotics within a coating applied to an extruded pellet post extrusion cooking would be advantageous. Such a method would avoid the necessity of passing the prebiotics through an extruder barrel to otherwise incorporate them within the feed pellet. As a consequence the prebiotics would not break apart or atomize or oxidize or chemically alter their structure.
  • a further key group of ingredients supplied for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect on an animal are a class of bacterial, plant or animal extracts, called enzymes. Enzymes act to catalyse chemical reactions.
  • a desired chemical reaction in animal feed is, for example, the breaking down or hydrolysis of starch molecules into simpler units that are more readily digestible by an animal.
  • enzymes may be passed through an extrusion cooking process the high temperatures and pressures in the extruder barrel may cause oxidation or chemical alterations to the enzymes that detract from their ability to act as chemical reaction catalysts.
  • the non oxidized or non chemically altered state of the enzymes is important in the function of the enzymes in exerting a beneficial physiological effect on an animal.
  • a method for the incorporation of the enzymes within a coating applied to an extruded pellet post extrusion cooking would be advantageous. Such a method would avoid the necessity of passing the enzymes through an extruder barrel to otherwise incorporate them within the feed pellet. As a consequence the enzymes would not significantly be oxidized or chemically altered in their structure.
  • yeasts A further key group of ingredients supplied for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect on an animal are a class of fungi or fungal extracts called yeasts.
  • Yeasts may be supplied in an active state, that is, capable of metabolizing nutrients and proliferating. Yeasts may also be supplied in a 'dead' state, that is, incapable of metabolizing nutrients and proliferating. Where yeasts are supplied in the dead state they still maintain the same physical formation or structure manifested in the live state. This method concerns the use of dead yeasts.
  • dead yeasts may be passed through an extrusion cooking process the high temperatures and pressures in the extruder barrel may break apart or atomize the physical structure of the dead yeasts and may cause oxidation or chemical alterations to the yeasts that detract from their ability to exert a physiological effect on an animal.
  • a method for the incorporation of the dead yeasts within a coating applied to an extruded pellet post extrusion cooking would be advantageous. Such a method would avoid the necessity of passing the dead yeasts through an extruder barrel to otherwise incorporate them within the feed pellet. As a consequence the dead yeasts would not break apart, atomize or suffer oxidation or similar chemical alteration.
  • a further key group of ingredients supplied for the purpose of exerting a physiological effect on an animal are plant extracts or components called "botanicals". Where botanicals may be passed through an extrusion cooking process the high temperatures and pressures in the extruder barrel may cause oxidation or chemical alterations to the botanicals. The non oxidized or non chemically altered state of the botanicals is important in the function of the botanicals in exerting a beneficial physiological effect on an animal.
  • a method for the incorporation of the botanicals within a coating applied to an extruded pellet post extrusion cooking would be advantageous. Such a method would avoid the necessity of passing the botanicals through an extruder barrel to otherwise incorporate them within the feed pellet. As a consequence the botanicals would not oxidize or chemically alter their structure.
  • the quantity and integrity of a live probiotic component may only be warranted within a narrow range of conditions, specifically the maintenance of any product containing live probiotics in a refrigerated state and the use of the same product within a defined time limit that typically demonstrates a reasonable expectation of live bacteria being present in a warranted quantity. This last circumstance is typically identified as the shelf life of the product.
  • the shelf life of a product containing live probiotics typically ranges from 7 days to two years. The longest shelf life is associated with a pure live probiotic powder kept at a moisture level of 5% or less in a refrigerated state. Admixtures of animal feed and probiotics would not practically achieve a shelf life greater than 90 days.
  • live probiotic bacteria are unstable and intolerant of the conditions typically encountered when applied as a coating or filling to animal feeds.
  • live probiotic bacteria cannot be effectively stabilised as a coating.
  • the use of dead probiotic bacteria as a physiologically active ingredient in a coating does not create any complications in stabilising the probiotic component. The consequent simplification and lowering of manufacturing costs is greatly advantageous.
  • the first aspect of the present invention seeks to provide a method that incorporates the above advantages.
  • kibble, or pellets, of food used for the feeding of animals are typically composed from grain or grain derivatives. Additionally kibble used for the feeding of canines or felines utilises grain or grain derivatives in an admixture with some or all of meat meals, meat and bone meals, meat digests and tallow. In addition to the above ingredients, it is desirable include dairy or dairy derived foods. These dairy ingredients include some or all of milk, milk powder, yoghurt and yoghurt powder.
  • Canines or felines are species that demonstrate lactose intolerance in their diet. Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose and occurs in mammalian milk. Thus, lactose is a basic component of dairy and dairy derived foods. The lactose can be transformed via enzymatic reaction (for example, by lactase) into substances that allow the feeding of transformed dairy and dairy derived foods to lactose intolerant species. This aspect of the present invention concerns the utilisation of only lactose free dairy or dairy derived foods.
  • Meat, dairy or dairy derived foods are expensive relative to grain or grain derived foods. Consequently, grain or grain derivatives comprise the greatest proportion of animal feed kibbles. As a further consequence, the appearance of these kibbles is grain coloured. Where meat components are added, these meat components typically do not significantly alter the colouring of grain-based kibbles.
  • a method utilised by manufacturers of meat and grain kibble admixtures is to add food dyes to the kibble to create a visual appearance more akin to that of a meat derived product.
  • this invention proposes to utilise food dyes to create a visual appearance more akin to that of a dairy derived product.
  • the advantage of this approach is that a smaller component of high cost dairy food can be used with a larger component of lower cost grain food while not detracting from the appearance of the product.
  • dairy food inclusions are typically a minor proportion of the total ingredients in the kibble for reasons of nutritional balance.
  • dairy food inclusions may be significantly diluted with other ingredients in a kibble.
  • the visual appearance, smell and flavour that may be expected from dairy food inclusions may not be apparent in the kibble.
  • This invention proposes to utilise a blending approach to alleviate the disadvantage described above.
  • a small quantity of kibble with a high proportion of dairy feed inclusion is manufactured separate to a higher quantity of other kibble type or types with no dairy feed inclusion. The separate kibble types are then blended.
  • the advantage of this approach is that the appearance, smell and flavour of a readily identifiable proportion of the kibble blend are consistent with dairy feed inclusions.
  • the blended types of kibble may be further differentiated by the use of different food dyes to create a contrast between types.
  • An example of this is a kibble with meat components blended with a kibble with dairy food components.
  • the kibble with meat components may be dyed meat red and the kibble with dairy food components may be dyed cream yellow.
  • a disadvantage of this approach is that where a kibble blend is utilised, the component of the kibble blend that contains dairy food is typically far less than the component with no dairy food inclusion. As a consequence, the visual appearance of the blend is typically more representative of the kibble component with no dairy feed inclusion.
  • This invention proposes to utilise food dyes to represent a proportion of the kibble component with no dairy food inclusion as an approximate colour facsimile of the component with the dairy food inclusion. As a consequence, the overall appearance of the blend will more readily demonstrate a dairy food inclusion.
  • the advantage of this approach is to present a kibble blend that incorporates a dairy food inclusion in a manner that is practical from cost, appearance and nutritional balance considerations.
  • the second aspect of the present invention seeks to provide methods and compositions that incorporate the above advantages.
  • the invention provides a method for coating of extruded starch based animal feeds, comprising: providing dead probiotic bacteria; providing a liquid carrier, being animal tallow or animal oil or vegetable oil or water or meat digest and combining in an admixture with the dead probiotics; agitating the liquid carrier and dead probiotic admixture within a vessel to ensure equal dispersion of the dead probiotic powder within the liquid carrier; spraying the liquid carrier and dead probiotic suspension onto extruded or pelletised pellets to ensure an even coating is applied to the pellets; and drying the coated pellets using ambient air or air heated to a temperature no greater than about 100 degrees Celsius; or, alternatively, flash drying the coated pellets using air at a temperature greater than about 100 degrees Celsius on the condition that the pellet temperature is not elevated above about 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the invention provides a method for the blending of a minimum of three types of animal feed kibble:
  • Type A An admixture formed into a kibble of grain or grain derivatives with some or all of meat meals, meat and bone meals, meat digests and tallow and any non- white or non-cream coloured food dyes or any dyes that as a consequence of use lend a non- white or non-cream appearance to the type;
  • Type B An admixture formed into a kibble as in Type A but with the use of white or cream coloured food dyes to form an approximate colour facsimile of Type C below;
  • Type C An admixture formed into a kibble as in Type A but with the addition of dairy food inclusions and the use of white or cream coloured food dyes; wherein blending ratios of Types are as following :
  • Type A 10% to 60% of blend by reference to the aggregate surface area of all kibble types in the blend;
  • Type B 89% to 30% of blend by reference to the aggregate surface area of all kibble types in the blend.
  • Type C 1% to 10% of blend by reference to the aggregate surface area of all kibble types in the blend.
  • the invention provides a composition of animal feed kibble blended according to the method.
  • the coated pellets may then be recoated with an additional layer.
  • This additional layer serves the purpose of protecting the dead probiotic containing coating from abrasion in subsequent stages of packaging, transport and/or distribution.
  • the additional layer includes a stabilising agent, such as a food gum, to provide greater integrity of the coating.
  • a stabilising agent such as a food gum
  • the dead probiotic bacteria are in powder form with a moisture level of less than about 10%.
  • the probiotics used in the invention may be selected from one or more of the following group used singly or in combination and used whole or in fractions of the whole bacterial organism:
  • Bacillus coagulans Bacillus lichenformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium sp., Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus ruminsis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus acidilacticii.
  • a liquid carrier is combined with dead probiotics and prebiotics.
  • the prebiotics may include any of the following prebiotics, singly or in combination: galacto-oligosaccharide,lactulose, lactosucrose, fructo-oligo saccharide, raffinose, stachyose and malto- oligosaccharide.
  • a liquid carrier is combined with dead probiotics, prebiotics and enzymes.
  • the enzymes may include any of the following enzymes, singly or in combination: alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, cellulase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucanase, beta-glucosidase, glucoamylase, lactase, pectinase, xylanase, lipase and protease.
  • a liquid carrier is combined with dead probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and dead yeasts including any of the strains of yeasts of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae used singly or in combination, used whole or in fractions of the whole yeast organism.
  • a liquid carrier is combined with dead probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, dead yeasts and botanicals including garlic or garlic extracts used singly or in combination.
  • a liquid carrier is combined with dead probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, dead yeasts, botanicals and dry, lactose free milk powder or lactose free yoghurt powder.
  • a liquid carrier is combined with dead probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, dead yeasts, botanicals, vitamin and mineral supplements, anti oxidants, preservatives and colourings.
  • the Type C dairy food inclusion is lactose free yoghurt or lactose free yoghurt powder.
  • each of the Types A, B and C kibble are of a different shape to each other. The shapes may be disc, 'Y' or '+' shaped.
  • Type C kibble is in the shape of a 'Y' or a
  • Type B kibble is in the shape of a 'Y' or a '+'
  • Type C kibble is in the shape of a disc.
  • Type B kibble is in the shape of a disc.
  • Type A food dyes are red, red brown or any colour commonly associated with meat based foods.
  • feed products have an External Coating added to them during the course of their manufacture.
  • the reasons for providing an external coating to a feed product include:
  • the simplest of these tehcnologies include the Coating Drum, wherein the product is sprayed with the coating material whilst it is continuously fed through a horizontal, rotating drum.
  • the ratio of the feed rates of the two streams is controlled at the desired level.
  • the rotation of the drum leads to a very effective mixing action, ensuring that the product is uniformly coated.
  • Vacuum Infusion Technology has been gaim ' ng favour in the recent past.
  • This technology allows the inclusion of a very high level of Fats / Oil (up to 40% of the finished product).
  • This technology consists of a Batch Mixer fitted with a Vacuum Pump.
  • Product is charged into the vessel and a vacuum is drawn.
  • the coating material is then introduced to the vessel and the uniform distribution of the coating over the feed is ensured via the mixing action.
  • the operation of the vessel under vacuum leads to the evacuation of air from within the Pores of the product leading to a deeper migration of the coating into the feed structure.
  • the coating material may consist of a Slurry containing Micro-Milled Ingredients, whereby these ingredients are also infused into the product pores along with the oil.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à revêtir des aliments animaux extrudés, ainsi qu'un procédé servant à présenter des inclusions d'aliments laitiers dans les granulés pour animaux. Dans son premier aspect, elle concerne particulièrement le revêtement d'aliments animaux à base d'amidon extrudés et/ou de protéines par des probiotiques morts, des prébiotiques, des enzymes, des levures mortes, des extraits végétaux et des éléments laitiers. Dans son deuxième aspect dans lequel des inclusions d'aliments laitiers se trouvent dans les granulés, elle met en application des colorants alimentaires afin de créer un aspect visuel ressemblant le plus à celui d'un produit laitier. On peut ainsi avantageusement utiliser une quantité plus petite de produit laitier coûteux avec une plus grande quantité de grains plus économiques, tout en ne nuisant pas à l'aspect du produit.
PCT/IB2006/003384 2005-11-28 2006-11-28 Procedes servant a preparer des aliments pour animaux WO2007060539A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005906627A AU2005906627A0 (en) 2005-11-28 Method for the Presentation of Dairy Food Inclusions into Animal Food Kibble
AU2005906625 2005-11-28
AU2005906625A AU2005906625A0 (en) 2005-11-28 Method for Providing a Probiotic Coating for Extruded Starch based Animal Feeds
AU2005906627 2005-11-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007060539A2 true WO2007060539A2 (fr) 2007-05-31
WO2007060539A3 WO2007060539A3 (fr) 2007-12-06

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PCT/IB2006/003384 WO2007060539A2 (fr) 2005-11-28 2006-11-28 Procedes servant a preparer des aliments pour animaux

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CN100399932C (zh) * 2007-08-28 2008-07-09 张模丹 益生酵母蛋白饲料
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US9232813B2 (en) 2008-07-07 2016-01-12 The Iams Company Probiotic supplement, process for making, and packaging
EP2893815B1 (fr) 2014-01-09 2017-03-01 CJ Cheiljedang Corporation Assortiment de l'alimentation du bétail avec des nutriments améliorées et procédé de préparation du même
US9771199B2 (en) 2008-07-07 2017-09-26 Mars, Incorporated Probiotic supplement, process for making, and packaging
US9821015B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2017-11-21 Mars, Incorporated Methods of use of probiotic bifidobacteria for companion animals
CN109170273A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-11 广西康佳龙农牧集团有限公司 一种新型益生菌无抗颗粒料及其制备方法
EP3508342A1 (fr) 2008-09-24 2019-07-10 Resilux Procédé d'incorporation d'organismes thermorésistants et / ou résistants à la pression dans des matériaux
US11154077B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2021-10-26 Mars, Incorporated Process for dusting animal food
US11304428B2 (en) 2015-02-16 2022-04-19 Mars, Incorporated Interlocking kibble
US11388914B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2022-07-19 Mars, Incorporated Process of preparing a wet pet food, wet pet food produced by the process and uses thereof
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