WO2007058554A1 - Method of the fish behaviour control and the device for controlling fish behaviour in water environment - Google Patents
Method of the fish behaviour control and the device for controlling fish behaviour in water environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007058554A1 WO2007058554A1 PCT/PL2005/000077 PL2005000077W WO2007058554A1 WO 2007058554 A1 WO2007058554 A1 WO 2007058554A1 PL 2005000077 W PL2005000077 W PL 2005000077W WO 2007058554 A1 WO2007058554 A1 WO 2007058554A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- behaviour
- electrodes
- electric field
- water environment
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K79/00—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery
- A01K79/02—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery by electrocution
Definitions
- the control and the power supply of the system of the electrodes is being done through the electronic system which is made up of: the US feeding module, the PB medium stage, the feeding module with the commutator PM, the steering unit CU, and the keyboard with the LCD and CL
- the parameters of the electric field are physiological, which means that they cause only a defensive reaction (escape from the stimulation area) without electrocuting the fish, the fry and other living aquatic organisms and they do not affect their reproduction processes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Means For Catching Fish (AREA)
Abstract
The fish behaviour is governed by the spatial, not homogenous pulsed electric field (10, 11) formed in the water environment, with the non-linear intensity gradient, at the direct current (12, 13) of the specific configuration put to it, moreover the value of the gradients of the intensity of the pulsed electric field, the length of the working impulses, their frequency and the pauses between them are matched with regard to the required behaviour of the fish. The device controlling the fish behaviour includes electrodes (1, 3, 5, 7) that generate the negative impulse and electrodes (2, 4, 6, 8) that generate the positive impulse; the said electrodes are grouped according to the law of random numbers and powered by the converting system of a commutator, a steering unit (CU) , a feeding module (US) , a medium stage (PB) , a power module with the commutator (PM) , a keyboard with a LCD (CI) .
Description
Method of the fish behaviour control and the device for controlling fish behaviour in water environment
The device presented herein serves the purpose of controlling fish behaviour in water environment and is designed for application in industry where technological use is made of surface water and in hydraulic engineering where the device may be used as a protective barrier preventing the fish from getting inside the water intake. The device may also be used in fishing and fishery management for attracting fish to selected water regions and the resulting catchments, where the application of traditional methods is rendered either difficult or impossible; the selfsame device may also be used for the selection of fish according to the desired size and species, the selection and catch of fish for the reproductive purposes, the protection of fisheries against predators.
Methods of preventing the fish from entering the water intake systems are familiar. These include flat seines and sieve drums set up in front of the water intake constructions. These methods, however, are characterized by low efficiency, since the fry due to the high speed of the water current is being pushed through too large net meshes or it is crashed in the meshes and dies.
"Self-cleansing mechanic barriers" is an example of yet another familiar method in which much smaller net meshes are implemented, and the fry gathered along the net surface is being constantly removed by a forced water current. This, too, proved to be inefficient: water contains a certain amount of weeds and pollution that make clots in the net meshes which in turn need cleaning or replacing.
A third method is known as an electric barrier against fish, which is made up of an array of electrodes connected to the generator of the alternating current or the interrupted pulsed current This method has a low efficiency of deterring the fish
whose body length is less than 40mm, because in the zone where separate sections of the electrode system operate the device an electric field mat is close to being homogenous, with a low value of the electric field gradient that determines the necessary deterrent effect
The use of this method brings about a discrepancy: on the one hand, only the parameters of the voltage in the homogeneous electric field that exists between the electrodes safeguard the protection of the water intake against the encroachment of the very small fry, which means that larger fish get electrocuted if the voltage is equal to the product of the difference between the potentials of the electric field and the body length of the fish {U = (E2 - EO x L} and they flow along the current to the water intake canal; on the other hand, the homogeneous electric field characterized by the voltage that is safe for the large fish does not affect the fry which, unhampered, enters water intake systems.
All the modifications of this method, independently of the way the electrodes are arrayed, share one drawback: the electric field generated in front of the water intake system does not allow the fish to precisely assess the situation and react to it
Besides, the devices working on the alternating current with industrial frequency, as has been shown by numerous analyses, negatively affect the biological functions and the vitality of the fish.
The technical solution that is being put forward makes use of the reflex that has been developed through evolution and that is peculiar to aquatic animals and which is responsible for their behaviour when in the zone of the pulsed electric field.
Scientific research has proved that electric perception on the part of the fish occurred at an evolutionary stage and has reached a level of active electro- localization due to the specific electric parameters of their environment. In water, which has a certain conductivity, with the constantly operating magnetic field of the earth and currents, the motion of its layers, the fluctuation of the electric conductivity and its chemical components there occur local electromagnetic fields, similarly as they do as a result of electrochemical processes, as well as the result of the working of the laws of the electric inductivity. The parameters of these fields like the level of the background as well as that of fluctuation provide the fish with the information
that is used for the navigation purposes and in the system of the predator-prey cooperation and also for the communication within the same species and population.
With the low level of electro-perception offish - it amounts to 10"5 V/cm - there arises a possibility of having fish react in a desired way due to a small artificial change of the parameters of electromagnetic background of the field in the water environment through generating the electric pulse fields, and of using space orientation along the field lines, and of the movement towards the positive electric pole.
Pulsed electric fields amounting to a few mV/cm and more with appropriate parameters of the impulse bring about a forced pulsation in the lateral and central nervous system, and that in turn makes the fish react in a variety of ways: ranging from that of orientation and defence (reaction of deterring) to that of being anode oriented up to receiving a shock. Depending on the amplitude, field intensity, frequency and shape of the impulse in the body of the fish there occurs either a subordinated reaction caused by the contractions of skeletal muscles or there occurs any unspecified behaviour. The behaviour of the fish is determined by the volume of the active voltage applied, which in turn depends on the body length of the fish, the level of the intensity of the field and the field gradient in the point where the fish happens to be. That explains why the various fishes of the same size, under the influence of the same level of voltage but different gradients react to the external pulsation differently. In the fields whose level of intensity does not stun or kill the fish, with insignificant or zero gradient the reaction will also tend to be insignificant or none at all. This factor explains the low efficiency of the familiar electric barriers. At the same time the efficiency of the control over the behaviour of the fish in water environment with the same electric conductivity may be significantly increased due to the creation in all the points of the environment spatially heterogeneous pulsed field with a variable, according to the linear law, field gradient oriented in the direction of the protected water intake.
The purpose of the invention is to obtain a desired reaction on the part of the fish, such as deterring them from the protected water intake, and at the same time safeguarding the ecological working standards of the device that protects the fish.
The idea is that the behaviour of the fish may be controlled through the spatially heterogeneous pulsed electric field characterized by a non-linear gradient of intensity, which overlaps with the field of the direct current with its specific configuration; the magnitude of the gradients of the intensity of the pulsed electric field, the length of the working impulses, their frequency and interruptions between them are matched according to the demanded behaviour of the fish.
The device aimed at controlling the behaviour of the fish in water environment is made up of a system of electrodes connected by groups according to a specific law, the law of random numbers, the converting system of the commutator of the working group of the system of electrodes, electricity gauges and the gauges of the water environment temperature and the steering system. The steering of the system of the electrodes is done by the steering unit which is made up of the feeding module of the mains, medium stage, the generator of the feeding module with the commutator system. The steering module on the basis of the changes to the temperature of the water environment and the changes to the electric conductivity (the measurement of the electric current) corrects the parameters of the impulses, which means that it corrects the parameters of the electric field in water environment. To the steering unit a keyboard and an LCD are connected by means of which one may change the basic parameters of the steering program.
Thanks to this device a desired, pre-determined reaction of the fish may be obtained: the fish may be deterred from the water intake system and safeguard the ecologic safety of the working of the device that protects the fish.
The innovatory device is presented in the graphs: figure 1 shows the block diagram of the device, and figure 2 shows the scheme of the connection of electrodes of the device and the lines of force of the electric fields.
The behaviour of the fish is controlled by the spatial heterogeneous pulsed electric field that is formed in the water environment, characterized by the non-linear gradient of the intensity that overlaps with the field of the direct current of a specific configuration, with the magnitude of the gradients of the impulse intensity of the electric field, the length of the working impulses, the frequency and the interruptions between them are matched in accordance with the desired reaction of the fish.
In order for this method to be realized a device is used that has a system of electrodes that is made up of a set of the groups of positive and negative electrodes that are connected by groups in a commuter-like way, according to the law of the randomness of the numbers of the positive and negative groups of electrodes, distanced from one another at a length of Lei, the positive electrode of the direct current electric field placed at a distance of 5-10 LeJ from the positive electrodes and the electronic alternating system.
The set of the negative electrodes 1,3,5,7 controlled from point A and the set of the positive electrodes 2,4,6,8 controlled from point B are incorporated into the system in a commutator-like way according to the law of the random numbers. The electrode of the field of the direct current 9 is controlled from point C, whereas the gauge of the temperature of the water environment, measured by the sensor 14 is being done in point D.
The control and the power supply of the system of the electrodes is being done through the electronic system which is made up of: the US feeding module, the PB medium stage, the feeding module with the commutator PM, the steering unit CU, and the keyboard with the LCD and CL
The invention takes into consideration all possible reactions of the fish: sensorial, reflexive, and muscular-nervous. The device solves the problem of appropriate and ecologically clean control of the fish behaviour in their natural water environment with the aid of the artificial, spatially heterogeneous modulated pulsed electric fields with the necessary field gradient distribution, taking into account the external conditions of the environment (water temperature and conductivity) as well as the species sensitivity of the fish.
The parameters of the electric field are physiological, which means that they cause only a defensive reaction (escape from the stimulation area) without electrocuting the fish, the fry and other living aquatic organisms and they do not affect their reproduction processes.
The influence of the field on the individual fishes varies, such that the larger individuals of the fish may perceive its influence much earlier than the far smaller, and so that the larger individuals may leave the dangerous zone early enough not to
expose themselves to the influence of the increasing values of the intensity of the electric pulsed field.
The efficiency of the working of the device that controls the behaviour of the fish is also determined by the hydrodynamics of the water currents in the place where the system of the electrodes has been installed. For example, in the case of the fishery barriers for the effective protection of the fish individuals whose size is lesser than 40mm, to prevent them from entering the zone of protected water intake, the system of the electrodes is placed only in the place of the relatively weak water current whose speed does not exceed 0,3 m/sec, which makes the reaction of deterring the fry and driving it out possible.
The parameters generated by the device in the water zone of the heterogeneous pulsed electric field, for example in the devices protecting the fish, safeguard the creation of the necessary defensive reaction and the escape of the fish from the protected area in all possible directions of movement and at the beginning of the protected area, which is made possible only with the change by means of a specific frequency according to the law of the random numbers of the coordinate vectors of the intensity of the electric field in all point of this zone.
The methods of the control of the fish, relying on the influence that the pulsed currents make on the fish prevent the adaptation of the muscular-nervous apparatus of the fish to the stimulus of the said currents for the purpose of the more clear manifestation of the reaction of deterring.
In order to make the fish find the outlet from the protected area, after the reaction of being stimulated and deterred has been activated in them, making use of the inborn features of the fish in the electric field, the pulsed electric field is being overlapped with the field of the direct current
Since different species offish have various sensitivity to a given frequency of the electric impulses, the efficient work of the device that protects or attracts fish is made possible on condition that in the water environment the whole gamut of frequencies is being generated, to the influence of which the fish are most sensitive.
To ensure the effective control of the fish behaviour, the change in the external conditions of the environment (electric conductivity and water temperature) as well as the species sensitivity to the electric current are taken into account.
Claims
1. The method of the fish behaviour control is characterized by the fact that the fish behaviour is governed by the spatial, not homogenous pulsed electric field (10,1I) formed in the water environment, with the non-linear intensity gradient, at the direct current (12,13) of the specific configuration applied to it; moreover the value of the gradients of the intensity of the pulsed electric field, the length of the working impulses, their frequency and the pauses between them are matched with regard to the required behaviour of the fish.
2. The device controlling the fish behaviour in the water environment is made up of the system containing electrodes (1,3,5,7) that generate the negative impulse and electrodes (2,4,6,8) that generate the positive impulse; the said electrodes are grouped according to the law of random numbers and are powered by the converting system of the commutator of the working groups of the electrode system. The control of the system is carried out by the steering unit (CU) that on the basis of the changes of the temperature and electric conductivity of the water automatically corrects the parameters of the electric field that influences the behaviour of the fish. The device itself contains the feeding module (US), the medium stage (PB), the power module with the commutator (PM) as well as the keyboard with the LCD (CI).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2005/000077 WO2007058554A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 | 2005-11-16 | Method of the fish behaviour control and the device for controlling fish behaviour in water environment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2005/000077 WO2007058554A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 | 2005-11-16 | Method of the fish behaviour control and the device for controlling fish behaviour in water environment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007058554A1 true WO2007058554A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
Family
ID=36617107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2005/000077 WO2007058554A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 | 2005-11-16 | Method of the fish behaviour control and the device for controlling fish behaviour in water environment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2007058554A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010138009A2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Procom Systems S.A. | Method of producing the non-linear distribution of electric field intensity in water environment and the device for producing the non-linear distribution of electric field intensity in water environment |
| CN103630419A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-12 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Equipment and method capable of safely acquiring aquatic organism samples |
| CN107361007A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-21 | 深圳市科芙海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of portable small-sized piscine organism behaviouristics monitoring arrangement |
| EP3453256A4 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2020-01-15 | Furusawa, Yosuke | Method for guiding underwater organisms, and system for guiding underwater organisms |
| RU2785623C2 (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-12-09 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Осанна» | Apparatus for protecting aquatic bioresources |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5327854A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-07-12 | Smith-Root, Inc. | Electric fish shocking devices using programmable output waveforms |
| EP0631721A1 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-01-04 | Natal Sharks Board | Control of sharks |
| US6389735B1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2002-05-21 | Steven P. Holt | Method and apparatus for modifying the behavior of aquatic species with electrical fields |
-
2005
- 2005-11-16 WO PCT/PL2005/000077 patent/WO2007058554A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5327854A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-07-12 | Smith-Root, Inc. | Electric fish shocking devices using programmable output waveforms |
| EP0631721A1 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-01-04 | Natal Sharks Board | Control of sharks |
| US6389735B1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2002-05-21 | Steven P. Holt | Method and apparatus for modifying the behavior of aquatic species with electrical fields |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010138009A2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Procom Systems S.A. | Method of producing the non-linear distribution of electric field intensity in water environment and the device for producing the non-linear distribution of electric field intensity in water environment |
| WO2010138009A3 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2011-03-10 | Procom Systems S.A. | Method of producing the non-linear distribution of electric field intensity in water environment and the device for producing the non-linear distribution of electric field intensity in water environment |
| CN103630419A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-12 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Equipment and method capable of safely acquiring aquatic organism samples |
| CN103630419B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2018-05-18 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | The equipment and acquisition method of aquatile sample can be gathered safely |
| EP3453256A4 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2020-01-15 | Furusawa, Yosuke | Method for guiding underwater organisms, and system for guiding underwater organisms |
| US11384495B2 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2022-07-12 | Yosuke Furusawa | Method for guiding underwater organisms, and system for guiding underwater organisms |
| CN107361007A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-21 | 深圳市科芙海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of portable small-sized piscine organism behaviouristics monitoring arrangement |
| CN107361007B (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2023-02-07 | 深圳市科芙海洋科技有限公司 | Portable small-size fish biological behavior monitoring device |
| RU2785623C2 (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-12-09 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Осанна» | Apparatus for protecting aquatic bioresources |
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