Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
  • G09B19/02—Counting; Calculating
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B1/00—Manually or mechanically operated educational appliances using elements forming, or bearing, symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways
  • G09B1/02—Manually or mechanically operated educational appliances using elements forming, or bearing, symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways and having a support carrying or adapted to carry the elements
  • G09B1/04—Manually or mechanically operated educational appliances using elements forming, or bearing, symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways and having a support carrying or adapted to carry the elements the elements each bearing a single symbol or a single combination of symbols

Definitions

• the playing area of such games is usually of the square form and it is separated into a regular network of individual square playing fields.
• the invention relates to a teaching aid, which aid is an entertaining, but fully valuable means for teaching of mathematics.
• a mathematical teaching aid on the basis of a table board game belongs to the area of production of games and toys from materials used for products of such type, such as from wood, paper, and plastics.
• Such criss-cross type games are known, where on a square playing area, divided by a rectangular network into individual square playing fields, playing stones are put down successively.
• the playing stones are marked using numerals and numeric signs on one side.
• the numeric signs are sometimes placed on separate playing stones, in other cases they are placed on one playing stone together with numerals, by means of a combination of numbers and numeric signs it is possible to symbolize the basic calculation operations on the playing area.
• the playing board according to the present invention is formed by a square playing area, the side length of which corresponds to the sum of the sides of the square playing stones and of the gaps between them.
• the playing board is formed by 175 square fields with regularly disposed and graphically expressed bonuses, which bonuses allow motivation during a game so that putting a playing stone down on such bonuses multiplies the plain gain in points twice or thrice.
• the table game further comprises a storage bag, in which bag all playing stones are deposited before the start of the game, and four playing stone magazines, which magazines serve for a well-arranged deposition of the drawn playing stones.
• a game is started by drawing lots to decide the order of playing. The players play in clockwise order. Each player draws five playing stones from the storage bag.
• the game can be played by one player or by x players. Usually there are 2 to 4 players.
• the starting player puts the playing stones from his/her own playing stone magazine down on the playing area so that one of the stones is placed on the central field.
• the playing stones are put down always either in the horizontal or in the vertical line. This is valid also for all subsequent moves.
• the calculation operations represented by the playing stones must be readable in the horizontal line from left to right and in the vertical line from above downwards. This is valid also for all subsequent moves .
• the rules in accordance with the plan of the game, which rules determine the permissible calculation operations that a player can express by the playing stones.
• the rules allow addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, square and cube roots and square and cube powers of integers.
• the result of a calculation operation must not be zero. Also, zero must not be added or subtracted.
• the rules allow creating of calculation operations having not more than two terms. The record of such calculation operation in the playing area is completed by the result .
• a rule according to which rule the structure, in which the playing stones were put down so as to express a calculation operation, is no more valid in the next moves, and thereafter, this structure is perceived only as a cluster of playing stones that can be combined in any allowed way and the stones can be included in any subsequent calculation operations.
• a player with the exception of the initial player, combines individual playing stones placed in the playing area of the plan of the game with bonuses with his/her own stones in his/her own magazine.
• the player tries to create a combination of stones, the result of which combination is a new calculation operation or new calculation operations.
• the object is to create a calculation operation or calculation operations in the playing area, comprising the bonus playing fields, so as to obtain the highest possible effect .
• the player who closed the game is entitled to obtain a gain in points.
• This gain in points is calculated as the total of the point values of all playing stones that remained in the magazines of playing stones of all opponents.
• the opponents subtract the total of values in points of the playing stones that remained to them after the play from their final gain in points. The player with the highest total gain in points wins.
• the invention allows formation of two and more calculation operations in one move, to represent (apart from other ones) the square and cube powers and roots of integers, to create more than one calculation operation by attaching the playing stones to more then one playing stone already placed in the playing area, to create more than one calculation operation by attaching the playing stones to one playing stone already placed in the playing area, to create calculation operations by attaching of one single playing stone to the playing stones already placed in the playing area, to determine possibilities how to combine the playing stones in any way and how to include the playing stones that are already placed in the playing area into all further calculation operations, to provide several options how to record the points.
• the rules are characterized in that they allow further modifications how to play the game.
• a mathematical teaching aid on the basis of a table board game according to the presented invention, the substance of which consists in that two kinds of bonus fields provided with mathematical signs and plain fields without any mathematical signs are marked on the playing board and that the aid further comprises sets of ten stones each, which stones are marked with numerals from 0 to 9 and are without any mathematical signs.
• the numerals are underlined, which underlining serves for easier recognizing of the numerals when they are viewed "upside down” .
• the substance of a method of performing the calculation operations on the mathematical teaching aid in which method at first the first player places a combination of two and more of his/her playing stones on the playing board into one of the permitted calculation operations at first, consists in that the next player attaches the next calculation operation to this initial calculation operation by one step from the group of three steps, which group comprises: a step of attaching one to five stones to the stones in the playing area; a step of attaching of a calculation operation crosswise to the stones in the playing area, wherein the new calculation operation has to include one or more stones already placed in the playing area or has to neighbour with one or more stones already placed in the playing area; a step of attaching of a calculation operation which is parallel to the stones in the playing area, wherein, with the stone marked 0 it is always carried out only one step from the group of three steps, which group of steps comprises : if 0 is a part of the attached calculation operation, by neighbouring of the stone marked with 0 with other stones need not arise a new calculation operation, but from this neighbouring does
• Fig. 1 to 7 show how it is possible to attach the playing stones to the already placed ones and how the points are counted according to the invention. Therefore, this show of examples is not a part of a real game.
• the plan of the game with bonuses is not shown there.
• the bonuses have essential influence on the game strategy because the player tries to occupy the fields with a bonus and to increase so his/her gain in points.
• Fig. 8 shows the print on the playing stones used in playing with the mathematical teaching aid according to the invention.
• Fig. 9 shows the plan of the game
• a specific embodiment of the game with playing stones _8_ consists of a square playing area formed as a board 9_, which board 3_ is provided with a print dividing the playing area into individual square playing fields 11.
• Auxiliary marking 2_ with numerals and marking 1 with letters, serving for determining or marking of the playing stone 8 ⁇ positions can be found on the margin along the playing area.
• the individual playing fields 1_1 are arranged so that there is fifteen fields 1_1 in a horizontal or a vertical row.
• Some of the fields 3J. are the bonus fields 3_, 4_, _5, ⁇ _.
• a single playing field JL1_ has dimensions 2 x 2 cm, which dimensions are identical with those of a playing stone 8_. Height of a playing stone 8_ is 0.4 cm.
• Numerals on a playing stone 8 ⁇ are underlined, which underlining serves to make the distinguishing of the numerals by players sitting around the playing board during a play easier.
• a game set comprises four magazines.
• Fig. 9 shows how the bonus playing fields 3_, 4_, 5_, 6_ are placed regularly.
• the special bonus playing fields 3_, 4_, 5_, ⁇ _ contribute to creating of the game strategy. Their use increases the gain in points.
• a bonus is obtained by a player who places _ H _ ru I / t£/UUD / UUUUOJ
• the numerical bonus is related only to the stone _8 placed on this bonus playing field 3 ⁇ , 4_.
• the bonus multiplies the value of the stone 8_ in points.
• the numerical bonus playing field _3 with green border multiplies the value in points twice, the numerical bonus playing field 4_ with full green border thrice.
• the operational bonus relates to all stones 8_ used to express a given calculation operation, if one of the stones £ was placed on the bonus field _5, 6_.
• the operational bonus multiplies the value in points obtained as a sum of the values in points of all stones £ involved in the given calculation operation.
• the operational bonus playing field _5 with blue border multiplies the sum twice
• the operational bonus playing field 6_ with blue full border multiplies the sum trice.
• a stone 8_ placed in a bonus field 3_, 4_, _5, ⁇ _ can be used during the course of further play. However, a player who uses this stone 8_ is of course not entitled to obtain the bonus again. The player obtains for himself/herself only the value of the stone £ in points.
• On one playing area can play one, two, three or four players. Each player has his/her own magazine for five playing stones 8_.
• the playing stones 8_ are provided with a print using underlined numerals from 0 to 9 on their face sides (see Fig. 8) .
• the player has the possibility either to place his/her stones 8_ on the plan of the game or to replace his/her stones or to skip the move. Within one move the player is entitled to use only one of these possibilities. If a player wants to replace his/her stones, he/she declares the replacement and the number of stones 8_. Then the player realizes the replacement in a transparent way. Such player does not obtain any gain in points within this move.
• the rules specify what calculation operations are allowed and can be expressed by the stones 8_.
• the rules allow adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing, square and cube roots and powers of integers. Result of an operation must not be zero. Zero must not be added or subtracted. Rules allow calculation operations having only two terms. Record of such calculation operation on the playing area is completed by its result.
• the starting player has drawn five stones £, for example 4, 9,
• the starting player is not limited by the already placed stones 8_ in his/her combination. Therefore, he/she tries to maximize the gain by placing as many stones Q as possible.
• the maximum gain in points represents the last example in this case.
• a privilege of the starting player is to multiply the obtained result in points by two.
• a move of a player ends by announcing and recording of the score and by replenishing of the stones 8_ from the bag to make five pieces in the magazine.
• the game does not comprise any signs of the mathematical operations. Therefore, the player explains aloud placing of his/her stones, for example: "Three plus one is four" . What root or power it is, the player only speaks aloud but does not express in the field.
• the game continues to the left. The second player, and then each next one have to continue using the stones 8_ already placed. All stones 8_ placed within a move have to be placed in one row horizontally or vertically and have to express a single calculation operation. In this move each newly created neighbourhood of stones Q_ attached with the stones 8_ already placed has to create or be part of a new calculation operation, see Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Player receives points for each calculation operation created in a given move .
• the stones J5 mean particular calculation operations, in each new move they are perceived only as a cluster of playing stones _8 that can be further combined in any way and they can be included in further calculation operations .
• the calculation operations must be legible from above downwards and from left to right.
• Calculation operations are created by the following method: by adding of one to five stones 8_ to the stones 8_ already existing in the area so as it is shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or by attaching of a calculation operation crosswise to the stones 8 in the area.
• a new calculation operation must include one or more stones 8 ⁇ already placed in the area or must neighbour with one or more stones 8_ previously placed in the area, see Figures 3, 4, 6, 7, or by attaching of a calculation operation so that it is parallel to the stones 8 ⁇ in the area, see Figures 5, 6, 7.
• a player which is on the move, has three possibilities: to place the stones 8 ⁇ in the plan of the game, to exchange the stones £, to skip the move. Within one move the player is allowed to carry out only one of these possibilities. If the player wants to exchange the stones 8_ he/she reports the exchange and the number of stones j$, he/she intends to exchange (1 to 5 stones j8) . In a transparent way the player makes so. In this move the player does not gain any points.
• No record of a calculation operation can start with the zero stone 8_.
• Zero stone 8 ⁇ alone cannot be added, subtracted, multiplied or divided. Zero cannot be the final result of any calculation operation.
• the zero stone 8_ is a part of an attached calculation operation, by its eventual neighbourhood with some already placed stones 8 ⁇ need not be created a new calculation operation. Such neighbourhood then does not produce any point gain, see Figure 5.
• the zero stone 8_ is subject of the rules of attaching so as other stones 8_. Prompting in the form of using a calculator or tables is not allowed during the play. Exception is the case when player wants to prove that the calculation operation is correct.
• the record-keeper records the score after the end of each move. Numbers depicted on the stones 8_ also express their value in points. In a given move, the gain in points is produced by each stone j3 involved in a calculation operation and by all bonuses obtained. Stones 8_ common to the newly created calculation operations produce gain in points for any calculation operation where they were involved.
• Numerical bonus The numerical bonus playing field 3_ with green verges doubles the value in points of the stone jB placed on this field, the numerical bonus playing field 4 ⁇ with full green verge triples the value in points of the stone 8_ placed on this field.
• This bonus playing field 5_, 6_ multiplies the value in points of the whole operation, if one of the stones 8_ used in this operation is placed on this bonus playing field 5, 6_.
• the numerical and operational bonuses are applicable only in the move when the respective bonus field 3_, £, _5, 6_ was occupied.
• This bonus is the value of all stones 8_ that remained to all opponents after the game was closed.
• the opponents subtract the value in points of all stones J3 that remained them after the game had been closed from their end gain in points.
• each player has his own playing board 9_ and a set of stones 8_:
• the selected player draws five stones 8_.
• the other players take from their sets the same stones 8 ⁇ and insert them into the magazine.
• each of the players shows and suggests his/her own calculation operation. Only the player who created the operation with the highest gain in points obtains points and the other players place his/her variant on their boards. The play continues in this way further.
• the selected player again draws five stones 8_, etc. Winner is the player with the highest gain in points.
• This variant is not limited with regard to the number of players.
• the "Mathematicus Master” is an advanced alternative of the common alternative, which alternative is used for competitions. Another plan of the game is used. The bonus fields are arranged in a different way. In comparison to the common alternative the level of powers and roots is not limited. A big change is the possibility to play and calculate in all directions .
• the mathematical teaching aid on the basis of a table board game can be produced industrially from various commonly available natural or artificial materials in common processing machines. Potentially, it can be an excellent tool supporting teaching of mathematics in schools and a popular means for amusement of numerous groups of population.

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• 2005
  • 2005-11-18 CZ CZ20050718A patent/CZ303763B6/cs unknown
• 2006
  • 2006-11-20 WO PCT/CZ2006/000083 patent/WO2007056965A2/en active Application Filing

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