WO2007038573A2 - Composition et methode de traitement de la pollution - Google Patents

Composition et methode de traitement de la pollution Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007038573A2
WO2007038573A2 PCT/US2006/037616 US2006037616W WO2007038573A2 WO 2007038573 A2 WO2007038573 A2 WO 2007038573A2 US 2006037616 W US2006037616 W US 2006037616W WO 2007038573 A2 WO2007038573 A2 WO 2007038573A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
component
water
carbon
weight percent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/037616
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007038573A3 (fr
Inventor
James Lynn
Original Assignee
James Lynn
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by James Lynn filed Critical James Lynn
Publication of WO2007038573A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007038573A2/fr
Publication of WO2007038573A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007038573A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/547—Tensides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/047—Breaking emulsions with separation aids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/048—Breaking emulsions by changing the state of aggregation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/041—Devices for distributing materials, e.g. absorbed or magnetic particles over a surface of open water to remove the oil, with or without means for picking up the treated oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C02F2101/325—Emulsions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating pollutants and, more particularly, for treating pollution caused by spills of petroleum products on and into the Earth's water systems, as well as removal of petroleum products that are intermixed with water as a result of oil drilling and production operations.
  • Containment of a spill on water using booms has inherent shortcomings. For example, soluble hydrocarbon cannot be contained by booms. And, non-soluble hydrocarbon cannot be effectively contained in the boom area if there is wave action or tidal currents. Likewise, mechanical skimmers cannot collect soluble hydrocarbons and do not collect all of the non-soluble hydrocarbons. Skimmers also do not collect hydrocarbons that do not float. Further, skimmers leave residual hydrocarbon pollution on the surface of the water after they have completed collection. Similar to booms, strong wave action limits the ability of mechanical skimmers to collect the hydrocarbon. Absorbent rags are also used to clean up spills of hydrocarbon on water surfaces.
  • Dispersants have also been used as a quasi-mechanical means of remediating water-borne oil spills. However, dispersants do not remove the hydrocarbon pollution. Rather they “hide” the pollution by changing the oil's surface tension and/or particle size whereby the hydrocarbon becomes distributed or dispersed throughout the water column.
  • hydrocarbon agglomeration An alternative to mechanical hydrocarbon removal methods is hydrocarbon agglomeration. While the concept of agglomeration is decades old, currently available products ironically fail to conform to government environmental standards related to worker exposure, risk assessment within operating facilities, and inherent toxicity. Thus, presently existing so-called “green” agglomeration technology is compromised of products that are not, themselves, “green.” This gap between available technology and market need has prevented the widespread use of agglomeration. Moreover, presently available agglomeration technologies are limited in the degree that they can recover and agglomerate both soluble and non-soluble hydrocarbons in a water medium.
  • the present invention provides a composition and methods for removal of petroleum materials that have been spilled upon the surface of water or intermixed with water as a consequence of certain oil drilling and production operations.
  • the composition is a unique, non-toxic, non- flammable, stable microemulsion consisting of three components. It may be deposited onto petroleum materials that have been spilled upon a water surface by spraying or by any other means for distributing the emulsion safely and evenly. Similarly, the composition may be intermixed with contaminated water associated with oil drilling and production operations.
  • the first component of the composition is any primary non-ionic, non-toxic surfactant such as a fatty acid, ester, or alcohol (or combination thereof) known in the art for emulsifying fats and oils.
  • the second component is a water soluble ester.
  • the third component is a carbon containing non-toxic, non-flammable stabilizer which also functions to dilute the composition to a viscosity suitable for spraying or other conventional means of application.
  • the emulsion When applied to water-borne petroleum, the emulsion is assimilated by the contamination such that all of the hydrocarbon in the petroleum/water medium forming an agglomerated solid phase such that the entire petroleum medium is physically separable from the water phase.
  • the solid phase hydrocarbon can then be gathered and easily removed from the water phase by mechanical or other means .
  • the composition removes both soluble and non-soluble hydrocarbons from the water phase thereby effectively eliminating hydrocarbon pollution from water bodies .
  • the agglomeration product according to the invention can be used for removal of both soluble and non- soluble hydrocarbons from a water medium. That is, it can be used for complete cleanup of hydrocarbon pollution in a water medium. It can be used on both fresh and marine the waters and can be applied without damaging the environment in any way and without exposing workers applying the material to any harm.
  • the present invention provides a composition and processing methods for safe application of materials to promote the agglomeration of petroleum on water.
  • the component materials are in the form of a microemulsion composed of a carbon containing emulsifying agent as a lipophilic external phase for an internal package dissolved in water as distinct, uniform, suspended droplets as a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the oil portion may be any primary, hydrophobic, non-ionic, non-toxic, straight-chained carbon source surfactant such as a fatty or carboxylic acid, an ester, or an alcohol such as an ethoxylated alcohol (or combinations of any of the foregoing) known in the art for emulsifying fats and oils.
  • a second composition component is in the form of a non-toxic, non-flammable water soluble ester compound such as, for example, a phosphate ester in the form of an aqueous solution of lauryl phosphate.
  • This component serves a second source of agglomerating material, especially useful for agglomeration of soluble hydrocarbons including, but not limited to, phenols and MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) .
  • the water based agglomerating material is preferably introduced into the emulsifying component under high shear to create a tnicroemulsion with distinct droplets having a size between about 20 to about 400 angstroms.
  • Essential to the invention is a third component comprising a diluent added to the first and second components.
  • the diluent may comprise any non-toxic, nonflammable, carbon containing and biodegradable compound which is soluble in the first component and is selected to facilitate viscosity stabilization of the composition for extended storage.
  • a suitable material for the third component is butyl carbitol [2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol] which has been demonstrated to stabilize the microemulsion, maintain a flashpoint for the product above the "application critical" point of 100 0 F and ensure the product is not harmful to humans either exposed through direct application or by working in contiguous areas.
  • the third component facilitates safe application of the agglomerating active ingredients evenly and thoroughly onto and/or into the petroleum/water contamination.
  • the introduction of the third component in an amount of about 10 to 35 weight percent has been demonstrated to reduce the viscosity of the first and second components to less than 200cps to allow delivery of the composition by spray or other dispersion methods.
  • the third component also preferably maintains the microemulsion of the first and second components in suspension as a pourable and sprayable liquid with a shelf life of 12 months or more in a 40 0 F to 100 0 F environment.
  • the composition according to the invention can be used in any open or closed aqueous environment including oceans, lakes, ponds, rivers, slurry pits, ground water, fresh water, marine water, brackish water, and the like.
  • the composition is applied to or mixed with the contamination to begin the agglomerating development.
  • the preferred dosage is a rate between 2% and 40% by weight of the hydrocarbon contamination and the application can be achieved by any- conventional means including, but not limited to, spraying, pouring, or physical mixing.
  • the present invention is highly advantageous when applied in petroleum contaminated aqueous environments requiring agglomeration activities in that it provides a way to efficiently deliver essential components in an environmentally sound way.
  • the invention further provides significantly enhanced levels of agglomeration by virtue of the unexpected results achieved by using a low evaporation stabilizer source.
  • current stabilizers available on the market rapidly evaporate, thereby not only polluting the environment, but also working to the detriment of the overall remediation system.
  • the materials employed in the present invention deliver carbon and an aqueous ester to the agglomeration mechanism.
  • the ester must be delivered in a substantially non-toxic, non-flammable form.
  • a representative but non-limitative agglomerating ester suitable for the purposes of the present invention is a phosphate ester, e.g., in the form of an aqueous lauryl phosphate solution.
  • Carbon is delivered in a substantially non-toxic, non-flammable form such as a fatty or carboxylic acid, including but not limited to, oleic acid or stearic acid and butyl carbitol [2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol] .
  • a portion of the carbon delivered to the system must be in the form of a microemulsion external phase to ensure delivery of the other ingredients within the oil/water interface. This combination of constituents yields optimum results from readily available, safe and cost- effective ingredients.
  • FIG. 1 is a table of physical constants showing the non-toxic and non-flammable characteristics of the individual component ingredients and composite materials making up a representative, but not limitative, composition according to the invention.
  • the data in FIG. 1 is extracted from "The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 9 th Edition, " 1977 Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, N.Y. and the flashpoint of the composite materials was determined using a Pensky- Martens Closed Tester, pursuant to ASTM Standard 93.
  • the composite material is non toxic as defined by the reporting requirements of Section 313 Title III of SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986) and nonflammable with a flash point above the current standard for flammability (100 0 F) .
  • the amount of carbon and ester-containing material can be varied in the product to achieve successful results. For instance, compositions having from about 15 to about 65 weight percent carbon and from less than 1 to about 40 weight percent ester have proven effective. Diluent/stabilizer levels may range from about 10 to about 50 weight percent. In a presently preferred embodiment, the total carbon is 32 weight percent, the total ester (in the form of phosphorous ester) is 25 weight percent, the total diluent/stabilizer is 20 weight percent and water is present at 23 weight percent .
  • the result of such a composition is a material that is as environmentally sound as the process it facilitates.
  • the instant composition enables rapid emulsification and subsequent agglomeration of petroleum products in water, including soluble and non-soluble hydrocarbons, whereby the agglomerated petroleum may be easily separated and eliminated from the water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition de micro-émulsion destinée au traitement de la pollution, qui comprend un premier constituant incluant un quelconque tensioactif non-toxique, non-inflammable, connu dans l'état de la technique comme pouvant émulsifier les matières grasses. Le deuxième constituant est un ester soluble dans l'eau. Le troisième constituant est un stabilisant non-toxique, non-inflammable contenant du carbone, qui sert à diluer la composition pour obtenir une viscosité permettant de pulvériser ou autrement de répartir l'émulsion de manière sûre et uniforme sur ou dans de l'eau polluée par du pétrole. L'émulsion est assimilée par la pollution, si bien que l'hydrocarbure présent dans le milieu de pétrole ou d'eau forme une phase solide agglomérée qui permet de séparer physiquement le milieu de pétrole entier de l'eau.
PCT/US2006/037616 2005-09-26 2006-09-25 Composition et methode de traitement de la pollution WO2007038573A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/235,710 US20060236594A1 (en) 2005-04-26 2005-09-26 Composition and process for treating pollution
US11/235,710 2005-09-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007038573A2 true WO2007038573A2 (fr) 2007-04-05
WO2007038573A3 WO2007038573A3 (fr) 2007-10-25

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PCT/US2006/037616 WO2007038573A2 (fr) 2005-09-26 2006-09-25 Composition et methode de traitement de la pollution

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US (1) US20060236594A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007038573A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3048975B1 (fr) * 2016-03-18 2019-11-29 Oleon Nv Desemulsifiant pour petrole
CN114535272B (zh) * 2020-11-25 2023-08-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种用于土壤修复的微乳液及其制备方法和石油污染土壤的修复方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3700595A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-10-24 Avco Corp Ferrofluid composition
US20020022041A1 (en) * 2000-07-11 2002-02-21 Vincent Pavis Composition and process for treating pollution

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3700595A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-10-24 Avco Corp Ferrofluid composition
US20020022041A1 (en) * 2000-07-11 2002-02-21 Vincent Pavis Composition and process for treating pollution

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WO2007038573A3 (fr) 2007-10-25
US20060236594A1 (en) 2006-10-26

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