WO2007035124A2 - Plasma vehicle engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plasma vehicle engine based on two high frequency ion sources which are arranged on a rotor in the form of a Segner wheel and are placed in a cage for removing waste gases. The inventive engine exhibits a high-cost-effectiveness in terms of the parameters thereof and the performance factor thereof ranges from 40 to 70 % with respect to the consumption of chemical energy of used fuels. Said fuels can be embodied in the form of different liquid and gaseous substances, including hydrogen. Solid fuels in the form of a fine powder are also consumable. The inventive engine is noiseless due to the fact that waste gases are discharged in the form of a continuous stream and in small quantities and not by high-volume jerks in comparison with a piston engine. High-speed rotation (20-40 thousands rpm) of the rotor are attainable by the entire engine construction low weight. The high-frequency plasmoid placed in the combustion chambers enables engine to be started under any extreme conditions and to reliably operate in a burny desert and on wide spreads of the extreme north.

Description

 Plasma motor

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to engines used on transport devices.

All auto engines running on modern transport are based on the movement of the piston in the cylinder with a further conversion of translational motion into rotational motion using the crankshaft.

In a piston engine, the fuel mixture from the carburetor is compressed by the piston and ignited, as a result of thermal expansion of the gas, the piston rotates the crankshaft, and the remaining compressed gas is shot into the atmosphere with a big crack. To suppress sounds from gas emissions, noise mufflers and resonator chambers are used. These devices “eat up” up to 40% of engine power, which is why, especially on foreign cars, engines with the highest possible power are installed. The combustion temperature in the cylinder does not exceed 2000-2200 C. The mechanical system of the piston-cylinder-crankshaft auto-engine has reached its ceiling development, therefore, another, radically different method of converting the chemical energy of the fuel into rotational motion is required. The most promising for replacing the piston one - the Wankel engine, which converts the chemical energy of the fuel directly into rotational motion - was not widely used due to the rapid wear of the rotor sealing plates. Numerous other types of proposed designs cannot surpass the Wankel engine in terms of efficiency (in terms of efficiency) and therefore do not go on a wide road of operation.

There is an opportunity to rectify the existing situation by applying new principles of motion in an auto engine developed in connection with the development of space technologies. To do this, it is very reasonable to use plasma, where the average temperature of any process is about 8000 ⁰ C, because, according to the Carnot cycle, the higher the process temperature, the higher the efficiency of the installation.

The prototype of a plasma engine is a German high-frequency electric jet engine RGG-10 [1, p. 99]. In principle, this is a conventional ion source [2, c.l89], coupled with a neutralizer for the purpose of obtaining high-speed gas flow for a very economical jet movement.

In recent years, plasma ion sources (without accelerating voltage, in industrial terminology - simply plasmatrons) based on a high-frequency current discharge are widely used in technology: for melting and hardening metals, for welding dielectrics, for growing ultrapure crystals, spheroization of powders, for the synthesis of nitric oxide obtaining large flows of hot gas when purging parts of aviation and space technology, etc. High-frequency plasmatrons work successfully both at deep vacuum and at high ambient pressures, unlike other ion sources. It should be noted that in plasma processes, in most cases, noiseless operation of the devices is observed, despite the high latency of the processes [3, p. 42].

Here is a diagram of the indicated high-frequency electric jet engine in Fig.l, consisting of an ion source (plasmatron) and neutralizer. Inside a quartz (glass) or ceramic cylinder 1, when current is switched on to inductor 2, a plasma bunch of a spherical or annular shape, from which the electrons the action of the applied constant electric field of the current source goes to the grid 3. The ions accelerate towards the electrode-nozzle 4, slip it due to the increased mass, and create a jet stream of the outflow with a directed flow. The higher the applied voltage on the grid electrodes, the faster the ions accelerate, the greater the rate of flow of the jet. The magnitude of the applied overclocking voltage is limited only by the resistance to breakdown of the applied insulation of the lead-in conductors. To compensate for the charge of the ion stream, neutralizers 5 with electronic emission are used, which are usually installed on the side of the nozzle 4 and are rather well described in [l.s.lll] or [4, p.l44]. Gas is supplied from the cylinder to the combustion chamber and to the converter. It should be noted that this electric jet engine works with high efficiency, reaching up to 60 - 70%, and this is a very efficient use of the mass of the supplied gas. The jet velocity here reaches 10-100 km per second, which, against the maximum speed limit of chemical thermal jet engines to 5 km / s, represents significant technological progress. It is known from theory that the higher the velocity of the jet stream, the lower the mass flow rate of the fuel at the same unit power. However, in such a single form, it is not possible to install this design on a car; engineering improvement is needed.

To apply this model on a car to obtain torque, it is necessary to place two high-frequency ion sources on a movable rotor with a slight structural change in accordance with [5, p. 277], according to Fig.2. Here, as in the previous figure; 1-quartz cylinder-body, 2- inductor, 3- anode grid, 4-cathode electrode-nozzle. Air for the plasmoid enters through the gap 5 between the housing and the fuel funnel. Such changes are necessary for the separate supply of fuel and air to the plasmoid zone in terrestrial conditions. The chemical reaction of fuel with air (oxidizing agent) provides the necessary thermal energy for the dissociation of molecules into atoms and their ionization, and the action of the frequency energy of the electromagnetic field of the inductor only enhances ionization to a temperature of 10 - 12 thousand degrees [4, p.275]. In this design, it is quite realistic to use liquid, gaseous (including hydrogen) fuels and the dust-like composition of solid coal particles and the like.

When placing two high-frequency ion sources on the rotor to obtain torque, in principle, there are no special problems, this is done according to the method of the well-known Segner wheel. Here, an annular protective metal casing covering the rotor serves as a neutralizer; however, high-frequency energy for the inductor and high-voltage energy for the electrodes from a fixed electrical circuit must be supplied to rotating ion sources, which is structurally difficult. Apparently, therefore, high-frequency ion sources have not yet been applied to auto engines, despite their high efficiency. For a better perception of the possibility of transmitting high-frequency energy to the rotor, we consider an electrical circuit for producing a high-frequency current with a power of about 10 kW., At a frequency of 5.28 MHz. converter type VChG-6 5.28 / 60. In recent years, semiconductor converters (inverters) of direct current to high-frequency alternating current have appeared. However, they are still expensive and not so reliable, therefore, we present the radio tube circuit in Fig. 3 for obtaining a high-frequency current, the most tested in practice [5, p. 425]. On the right side of the circuit are the inductors of 2 ion source housings. Energy is transmitted to them from the radio tube through the windings 6 and 7 of the transformer Trg from the output circuit L3 and Ci. The anode circuit of the radio tube (GU 10 B) is fed through a rectifier unit and Tpi from an alternating current generator 8 with a frequency of 400 Hz, which is driven through a mechanical transmission from the rotor axis like a direct current generator on an ordinary car engine. The capacitor Ci automatically arises between the parallel-running wires to the inductors 2, since the necessary design its capacity is quite small. Of course, for general fire safety and ridding the environment of high-frequency radio interference, the rotor is enclosed in a metal casing with grounding, which at the same time serves as a neutralizer for both ion fluxes and exhaust gas into the atmosphere through an ordinary pipe.

Fig. 4 shows an exemplary mechanical layout of the main units of a plasma motor. Here; 1- housing of ion sources, 2- inductors, 4- suction device, 5-air gap of the air supply, 6 - winding of the output transformer mounted on the rotor (L3), 7-stationary winding of the output transformer (L *), 8- current generator 400 Hz, 9 - tubes of fuel supply to the plasmoid, 10 - electro-brush acceleration voltage transmission device, 11 - bearings, 12 - tubular shaft with fuel supply device.

The basis of the principle of obtaining torque on the rotor is the reactive outflow from the nozzles of two plasmatrons of accelerated ions of gas atoms to high speeds with their subsequent neutralization.

The operation of this design is relatively simple. Through the tubular shaft of the turbine Fig. 4 mounted on bearings, fuel (liquid, gaseous, etc.) is supplied and passed through hollow racks to ion sources. Air enters the plasmoid through the gaps 5 from the atmosphere into the ion source casings; its flow simultaneously serves as a cooler of the walls of the ion source casings. High-frequency energy from the electric circuit (Fig.З) goes to the winding 7 (L4) mounted on a fixed housing, and from it is transformed to a winding 6 (L3) rotating with the rotor, which is mounted on the ferrite cylinder of the rotor axis. Further, the high-frequency current is distributed to the inductors 2 (Li, L3). The electrode ring 4 is a nozzle for the expiration of a high-speed reactive ion stream into the volume of the protective casing (not shown in the figure). A high-voltage voltage to the grid is supplied to the rotor through an electric brush device 10. A generator 8 (400 Hz.) Is driven from the rotor shaft through a mechanical transmission to power the electric lamp circuit. The entire design of the rotor device is mounted on bearings 11.

The use of rotary rotation of two plasma ion sources as an engine makes it possible to use automobile fuel very efficiently and with high efficiency (in the range of 40–70%) due to the high velocity of jet jets. Such a light, silent and high-speed, plasma engine is suitable not only for transport, but in general for industry, agriculture and any individual mechanisms and machines. It is easy to start by simply turning on the current from the battery (at first instead of the G-generator), and can work equally stably in the unbearable heat of the desert, and in severe frosts in the far North. The use of various gaseous and liquid fuels expands the area of use of the proposed design on a large scale. The heaviest part in this device is the power transformer (according to Fig.З - Тpi). However, with modern electrotechnical materials (permalloy, ferrite, semiconductors), this problem is completely solvable today, not to mention the near future.

Literature:

I.Khrishin C.D., Leskov L.B., Kozlov ELP. Electric rocket engines. M., Engineering, 1975.

2.Molokovsky SI. Sushkov A.D. Intense electron and ion beams. M. Energy Publishing House, 1991.

3. The use of plasma in chemical processes. Ed. L.S. Polak. M., Mir, 1970. 4.Favorsky O.H., Fishgoit B.B., Lithuanian E.I. Fundamentals of the theory of space electric propulsion systems. M. High School. 1978.

5. High-frequency electrotherm. Ed. A.B. Donskoy. L., Engineering, 1967.

Claims

 Claim. The design of a plasma motor made on the basis of a high-frequency ion source, based on the appearance inside the inductor body of a plasma clot obtained on the basis of a mixture of fuel (liquid, gaseous, pulverized solid) with air (oxidizing agent), and acceleration of the ion flux from plasma by a constant electric field to speeds of 10 - 100 km per second, which significantly exceeds the outflow rates of chemical reactive engines and characterized in that two (or more) plasma ion sources / are mounted on a movable rotor with the possibility of obtaining a useful torque due to the outflow of ion flows from the plasma, and high-frequency energy. from a fixed circuit to the rotor to create a plasma can be transmitted through inductively coupled circuits, where the inductance winding of the electrical circuit of the circuit ending in the flow of energy is fixed to a movable parts of the rotor with the condition of subsequent transfer of energy to the windings of the casings of ion sources (to inductors) and where the ion flux is used aschitny annular shroud adapted to simultaneously discharge exhaust gases into the atmosphere and which is a remedy against interference. 4 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)