RU2708218C2 - Method for optimizing combustion in fuel combustion devices and device for carrying out method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: internal combustion engines.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and devices for improving combustion in internal combustion engines. Disclosed is a method which includes: a) installing an oxygen enrichment device, wherein the oxygen enrichment apparatus includes a camera, the camera includes at least two sections; b) supply of external air by laminar flow to first section; c) converting laminar air flow from translational motion into rotary motion using spiral guide surfaces located inside first section; d) ionizing the ionised components of the ambient air by using ionisation energy in the form of a pulsating electric field of direct current; e) separating ionised and non-ionised components using an electric field and feeding the separated ionised components into the fuel combustion chamber of the fuel combustion device; e) unloading the separated non-ionised components from the device for enrichment with oxygen by passing the separated non-ionised components from the first section into the second section.EFFECT: technical result is optimization of combustion process in fuel combustion devices.18 cl, 1 tbl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for optimizing combustion in devices for burning fuel.

A device for increasing the amount of oxygen in an air mixture supplied to an internal combustion engine is described in DE 102011011819 A1. This device consists of three air-tight chambers connected in series, namely a pressure chamber, an ionization chamber and a separation chamber, as well as an electric current generator with a high negative voltage. Oxygen and nitrogen of the air entering the internal combustion engine are separated using an electric and magnetic field.

Further, DE 2246891 A1 describes a method and apparatus for enriching air for atmospheric oxygen combustion. The method combines the steps of atmospheric oxygen ozonation, oxygen and nitrogen separation by accelerated rotation and additional segregation in electromagnetic fields. Atmospheric oxygen is converted to ozone by electrical pulses and the ozonized air mixture is separated by accelerated rotation. Further, separation is achieved using electromagnetic fields due to the paramagnetic properties of oxygen.

Equipment for ionizing the input system of an internal combustion engine is described in patent DE 2551075 A1. An internal combustion engine is described, comprising at least one combustion chamber in which combustion periodically occurs. Further, atmospheric air is supplied through the inlet air system, where atmospheric air is mixed with fuel. The equipment consists of a source for generating periodic ionization pulses, through which ionization pulses interact with the inlet air system. The mixture of air and fuel is ionized before the mixture is burned using a highly pulsating field due to pulses that load the circulating mixture.

A pulsating field produces free electrons that penetrate droplets of liquid fuel.

General Description of the Invention

The aim of the claimed invention is to develop a new method and device for optimizing combustion in devices for burning fuel.

Another objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method and device described above, which eliminate at least some of the disadvantages that are inherent in existing methods and devices for optimizing combustion in devices for burning fuel.

In accordance with one aspect of the claimed invention, a method is provided for optimizing combustion in fuel combustion devices, the method comprising the following steps:

a) using an oxygen enrichment device, wherein the oxygen enrichment device includes a chamber, wherein the chamber includes at least two sections,

b) the supply of external air by a laminar flow into the first section of at least two sections,

c) converting the laminar air flow from translational motion into rotational motion using helical guide surfaces located inside the first section of said at least two sections,

d) the ionization of the ionizable components of the external air by applying ionization energy in the form of a pulsating directional field of direct electric current,

e) separating the ionized components from the non-ionized components by using an electric field, directing the separated ionized components through the catalytic bed and supplying the separated ionized components to the combustion chamber of the fuel burning device, and

f) unloading the separated ionized components from the oxygen enrichment device by directing the separated non-ionized components from the first section to the second section.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the external air in step b) is supplied by a suction stream and / or air injection.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the external air in step b) is wetted during its supply.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the direct current voltage in step d) is in the range of 5 kV to 100 kV and the ripple in step d) has a frequency between 5 Hz and 60 kHz. The ripple frequency may depend on the applied electric current and on the place of application, therefore, frequency fluctuations are possible.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ionizable components in step d) are selected from oxygen containing external air components.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, during separation in step e), the oxygen components of the air are supplied to the engine for burning fuel, wherein the nitrogen components of the air in step f) are released into the environment.

In accordance with another aspect of the claimed invention provides a device that can be used for practical use of the above method, which includes a device for oxygen enrichment, while the device for oxygen enrichment includes a chamber consisting of at least two sections at the same time, at least parts of the first section are formed in the form of a casing, and at the same time, at least parts of the second section are formed in the form of a prefix, and at least part of sections are installed inside the first section, while the first section of at least two sections is provided for supplying ambient air and separating the components of the supplied air, the first section includes an air inlet located at one end of the housing, an air outlet plug located on the other the end of the housing, on the opposite side of the specified air pipe, and the outlet pipe for enriched air, located in close proximity to the specified output air teker, and the second section of at least two sections is provided for unloading the separated components from the supplied external air, the second section, including a sealing fitting located at one end of the console, the specified end, located near the air inlet pipe, the other end of the prefix, forming the outlet pipe for exhaust air, and the guide spiral surfaces and at least one slot are equipped on the surface of the specified prefix,

the device further includes at least two electrodes located inside the oxygen enrichment device, wherein at least one electrode is positively charged and at least one electrode is negatively charged, wherein the positively charged electrode includes negatively charged electrode.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing as a part of the camera and / or the attachment as part of the camera is formed as a body of revolution.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one guide rail is a helical guide surface and a conductive material is disposed at the ends of at least one guide rail.

The conductive material is preferably carbon fiber, which is suitable for electron emission.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a positively charged electrode is installed in the immediate vicinity of the inner surface of the housing and a negatively charged electrode is installed in the immediate vicinity of the external surface of the prefix or forms at least part of the prefix.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least a centering ring is mounted on the outer surface of the set-top box.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention forms a cable entry for electrical connection and / or forms an air outlet for enriched air in the chamber body.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a fan is installed in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust air outlet.

The flow rate depends on the fan operating mode. Therefore, increasing the fan speed increases the ambient air flow rate, which in turn increases the Ranque-Hilsch effect.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a flow differential is created between the positively charged electrode and at least the guide rail.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a flow differential is created on the inner surface of the positively charged electrode towards the negatively charged electrode.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a barrier layer and / or a catalytic layer is created on the inner surface of the positively charged electrode in the direction of the negatively charged electrode.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a barrier layer and / or a catalytic layer is created between the surface of the positively charged electrode and the chamber body.

The catalytic layer preferably consists of or includes at least one very thin layer that is created on the surface of the barrier layer. Further, the catalytic layer consists mainly of metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, nickel oxide or copper oxide with a periodic group containing zinc, as particularly preferred. The catalytic layer is preferably dried in a high voltage field with orientation in a bipolar field. The drying process can be supported by purification of the catalytic layer with heated nitrogen. Particularly preferred is the orientation of the double pole toward the negatively charged electrode.

The barrier layer preferably consists of or includes metal oxides such as alumina.

In accordance with the claimed invention, the term "optimization" refers to any type of improvement in the combustion process. The improvement may relate, in the sense of the claimed invention, to a reduction in fuel consumption, an increase in fuel economy, fuel economy of an internal combustion engine, system efficiency and / or fuel economy. This improvement may also relate to reduced wear and tear of materials, erosion, and / or abrasive wear of devices in which fuel is burned or used.

In accordance with the claimed invention, the term "device for burning fuel" corresponds to any device that is used in technologies for combustion. Combustion technologies can be used, for example, in internal combustion engines, airplane turbines, heaters, radiators, airplanes or industrial furnaces, such as cement industrial furnaces, industrial rotary or metal hearths. Fuel combustion devices in accordance with the claimed invention relate to fuel combustion technologies that utilize any type of liquid fuel that can be burned for energy conversion.

Additional objectives, aspects, features and advantages of the claimed invention are described in part of the description below, and is partially obvious on the basis of the description and can be studied as a result of its practical use.

In the description, references are made to the attached drawings, which are part of the description, and which clearly show various options for the practical implementation of the invention. Embodiments of the claimed invention are described in sufficient detail for a professional in the field to be able to use the invention, and it should also be understood that other constructive embodiments of the invention can also be implemented, and that structural changes can be made within the claimed scope of the invention. The following detailed description of the invention, therefore, cannot be construed as limiting it, and the scope of legal protection of the claimed invention is determined in the best way by the attached claims.

A brief description of the drawings.

The attached drawings, which form part of the description, depict various embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings, the reference numbers represent the following parts:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a system including an oxygen enrichment device in accordance with the claimed invention and a fuel combustion device.

FIG. 2 depicts schematically fragments of an oxygen enrichment device according to FIG. one.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of fragments of the oxygen enrichment device of FIG. one.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first alternative embodiment of an electrode unit including a positively charged electrode according to FIG. 2, and

FIG. 5 schematically depicts a second embodiment of an electrode unit including a positively charged electrode according to FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The claimed invention relates, at least in part, to a method for optimizing fuel combustion in fuel combustion technologies.

The method in accordance with the claimed invention on the principles of partial separation of nitrogen and an increase in the amount of oxygen during the fuel combustion process, while the fuel combustion process is simplified and greatly enhanced.

The method in accordance with the claimed invention is carried out only in the inlet air pipe provided for in the technology for burning fuel, in which the surrounding air is either supplied by the suction flow or injection of air and does not interfere with the technology of burning fuel. The device used to perform the method in accordance with the claimed invention is competitive and easily adapts to existing technologies for burning fuel. Therefore, the device can advantageously be installed in relation to existing technologies for burning fuel or in devices for burning fuel.

The method in accordance with the claimed invention is performed using a device that includes equipment for directing air for burning fuel.

A pulsating field of direct electric current is produced by at least two electrodes that are installed inside the device in accordance with the claimed invention. At least one electrode is negatively charged and at least one electrode is positively charged, while the positively charged electrode includes a negatively charged electrode.

A pulsating voltage is generated between the electrodes, which causes electron emission. Next, a voltage peak is caused between the surface of the spiral guide surface, which is created on the prefix of the negatively charged electrode and the positively charged electrode.

In accordance with the claimed invention, external air is supplied through the air inlet pipe into the first section of the chamber of the device according to the claimed invention. The flow of external air is converted into rotational motion, which is converted into rotational motion by spiral guiding surfaces, which are mounted on a prefix of a negatively charged electrode.

The ionization energy in the form of a pulsating DC electric field, which is produced due to the potential difference of the electrodes, is applied to the supplied external air during its conversion into rotational motion. The special frequency used for the pulsating electric current in accordance with the claimed invention causes vibration. Vibration can be optimized for excess molecular vibration.

Ionization of the incoming flow of external air leads to the separation of ionizable components from non-ionizable components due to the pulsating electric field of direct current. Ionized components are released from the oxygen-containing components of the outside air, such as carbon dioxide, formaldehyde or acids.

Ionized negatively charged molecules change their trajectory from a negatively charged electrode to a positively charged electrode and then go on to the combustion process. Non-ionized slower molecules, such as nitrogen, are discharged through slots, which are mounted on the surface of a negatively charged electrode, into the environment.

Through the use of the method and device, as described above, it is possible to increase efficiency and reduce emissions when using combustion technology or devices for burning fuel that use external air. Therefore, a significant increase in fuel combustion leads to a decrease in soot particles, fine particles, nitric oxide or sulfur and its oxides.

Further, another advantage of the method in accordance with the claimed invention is to increase the economy of liquid fuel, in particular, in technologies for burning fuel, such as in internal combustion engines. This results in lower overall costs.

An advantage is also that the efficiency of fuel combustion technologies is increased by using the method in accordance with the claimed invention, which leads to a decrease in friction. This advantage of reduced friction results in a reduction in noise in internal combustion engines and thus in a reduction in the cost of spare parts that are required in such cases, which also leads to a reduction in overall costs. It also leads to high efficiency of internal combustion engines.

The following examples illustrate the claimed invention. These examples should be understood as preferred embodiments of the claimed invention. However, there is no intention to limit the scope of rights of the claimed invention to the examples. Figure 1 depicts a preferred embodiment of a device for performing the inventive method in accordance with the claimed invention in order to optimize the fuel combustion process in fuel combustion technology.

Figure 1 depicts a device 1 for oxygen enrichment in accordance with the claimed invention, which is connected through an adapter 19 with a device 20 for burning fuel. The outside air, indicated by arrow A, enters the oxygen enrichment device 1. The oxygen enrichment device 1 mainly consists of a housing 2 and a prefix 13. The prefix 13 is provided with a sealing fitting 8 located close to the air inlet 16. After the outside air is enriched inside the chamber, the enriched air is supplied through an adapter 19 to the fuel burning device 20. The exhaust air is sent to the prefix 13 through slots (not shown) located on the surface of the prefix 13. The exhaust air is released through the exhaust pipe 17 for the exhaust air into the environment. A fan 15 is provided for removing exhaust air from the prefix 13, shown by arrow C. A pulsating DC electric field provided by the power unit 21 is required for the oxygen enrichment method of the outdoor air. The electrodes (shown in Fig. 2) are located inside the chamber and connected to the power unit 21 using electrical wires 22.

With reference to FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a device 1 for oxygen enrichment. This device in accordance with the claimed invention, made in the form of means for supplying ambient air, includes an oxygen enrichment device 1. The oxygen enrichment device 1 includes a chamber consisting of at least two sections. The first section is designed to supply external air and serves to separate the components of the supplied external air. The first section is mainly formed mainly and / or by parts of the housing 2.

The second section of the chamber is designed to discharge the exhaust air into the environment. The second section is mainly formed mainly by and / or parts of the prefix 13. Moreover, the parts of the prefix 13 can form a negatively charged electrode 4, meaning, in the context of the claimed invention, “prefix” 13 and “negatively charged electrode” 4 can be used synonymously.

In other words, the first section of the chamber includes an inlet air pipe 16 and an outlet pipe 18 for enriched air, and the second section of the camera includes at least an outlet pipe 17 for exhaust air. In this embodiment of the invention, the housing 2 is made of electrically conductive material. At least two electrodes 3, 4 are installed inside the housing 2. At least one electrode 3 is positively charged and at least one electrode 4 is negatively charged. Both electrodes 3, 4 are mounted coaxially with respect to the oxygen enrichment device 1. Further, the positively charged electrode 3 includes a negatively charged electrode 4, wherein both electrodes 3, 4 do not have direct contact with each other, having at least a gap 10 for the passage of flow.

In another embodiment of the invention, a humidifier (not shown) or a humidifier (not shown) can be installed in the immediate vicinity of the air inlet 16. The humidifier is installed in the flow direction A (arrow A) so that the outside air is humidified, which further contributes to the ionization of the outside air in the oxygen enrichment device 1.

In this embodiment of the structural embodiment of the claimed invention, the housing 2 and the prefix 13 are presented in the form of pipes, however, it should be understood that any rotation body can be used for the housing 2 and the prefix 13, depending on the application for which this device can be used in accordance with the claimed invention.

The housing 2 in this embodiment of the invention is made of any material that is electrically conductive, such as metal, carbon fiber or composite material. In one embodiment of the structural embodiment of the claimed invention, the housing is made of aluminum and has electromechanical protection from the outside. Inside the housing 2, in particular, at least in the region of the positively charged electrode 3, there is an insulating material 12.

In this embodiment of the claimed invention, the housing 2 and the prefix 13 are coaxial, with the prefix 13 being installed inside the housing 2. Centering rings 9, 9a are provided to mount the prefix 13 in the center inside the housing 2. The centering ring 9 holds the prefix 13 in close proximity from the inlet air pipe 16 and the centering ring 9a holds the prefix 13 in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust pipe 17. Both the housing 2 and the prefix 13 are made in the form of pipes, the housing 2 and the prefix 13 are open on both sides, respectively. Therefore, the attachment 13 includes a nozzle 8 on the side that faces the air inlet 16. The nozzle 8 may preferably be in the form of a paraboloid of revolution and the like in order to minimize resistance to the flow of incoming air. The other side of the prefix 13 is open on the left and this open side extends beyond the housing 2, thereby forming an exhaust pipe 17 for exhaust air. On the other hand, the housing 2 is open towards the air inlet 16, so that ambient air can enter the housing 2. A fitting 8a is provided on the opposite side to close the housing 2. The fitting 8a is installed to allow the attachment 13 to extend through the fitting 8a.

Further, a fan 15 can be installed in the immediate vicinity of the sealed fitting 8a or can be connected to the sealed fitting 8a in order to accelerate the flow of air in the direction of arrow C.

In an embodiment of the claimed invention as shown in FIG. 3, the fitting 8a and the centering ring 9a can be combined with each other to simplify the manufacture of the device in accordance with the claimed invention. In this regard, the centering ring 9a may also form an enriched air outlet pipe 18 leading to an adapter 19, for example.

It is envisaged that at least portions of the prefix 13 can serve as a negatively charged electrode 4, thus the so-called cathode 4. In order to charge the cathode 4, an electrical connection 11 is provided. In an embodiment of the claimed invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the centering ring 9 can be used to connect the electrical connection 11 to the cathode 4. It is clear that the centering ring 9a can also be used to connect the electrical connection, if necessary. In this regard, it is obvious that the parts of the prefix 13, which serve as the cathode 4, can be provided as an electrically conductive element. In this embodiment of the claimed invention, the cathode 4 extends to an area that is bounded by a centering ring 9 on one side and a centering ring 9a on the other side.

Further, on the outer surface of the prefix 13, preferably in the region of the negatively charged electrode 4, spiral guide surfaces 5 are installed, which perform at least two of the following important functions:

On the one hand, spiral guide surfaces 5 are important for the conversion of the external air flow in the first section of the chamber from translational motion to rotational motion. Conversion is beneficial to accelerate the movement of gas molecules. Further, the layering of air or gas molecules is caused by the Ranque-Hilsch effect, which supports the separation of nitrogen.

On the other hand, spiral guide surfaces 5 are also important for the conductivity of the applied voltage. The conductivity of the guide surfaces 5 should be regulated in accordance with the planned use of the device in accordance with the claimed invention.

Voltage is applied to the positively charged electrode 3 by electrical connection 11a. Further, as also shown in FIG. 2, a positively charged electrode 3 is isolated from the housing 2 by an insulating material 12. The insulating material 12 is important in order to avoid short circuiting in structural variants in which the housing is also made of an electrically conductive material.

At least one guide rail 5 is mounted on the surface of the prefix 13, preferably in the region of the negatively charged electrode 4, forming helical guide surfaces 5. High voltage wires are laid along the edges 6 of at least one guide rail 5. Instead of edge wires 6 may be coated or made of an electrically conductive material, such as carbon filaments, such as brushes and the like. The applied voltage is supplied through high voltage wires that are located between the positively charged electrode 3 and the negatively charged electrode 4.

In another embodiment of the claimed invention, the edges 6 can be made of a material that can be non-conductive, but emits approximately electrons in an appropriate amount and at a speed at which the functions of the device for burning fuel can be performed.

A pulsating DC electric field is obtained due to the potential difference between the two electrodes 3, 4, which is used as the ionization energy.

The selected frequency of the pulsating electric field of the direct current causes resonance in the form of vibration, which leads to ionization of the ionized components of the supplied external air. The ionizable components are selected from oxygen containing components such as oxygen, water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde and / or as acids, while nitrogen is not ionizable. A pulsating DC electric field accelerates negatively charged ions.

Components containing negatively charged oxygen change their paths in the direction from the center of the negatively charged electrode 4 to the positively charged electrode 3, which is caused by the ionization of the supplied external air. In contrast, non-ionizable components, such as nitrogen, maintain their paths in the forward direction to the center of the negatively charged electrode 4.

In accordance with the claimed invention, the air stream, which contains mostly non-ionizable nitrogen, is discharged through at least one slot 7, which is located on the surface of the prefix 13, from the second section of the chamber (in the direction of arrow C) of the device into the environment.

With reference to FIG. 3, you can see an image of an embodiment of a structural embodiment of a chamber with an outlet fitting connected to a device for burning fuel. This figure shows that part of the housing 2 forms an adapter 19, which directs the enriched air through the outlet pipe 18 for enriched air to the engine 20 for burning fuel. Outside air having a flow direction shown by arrow A is directed to device 1 for oxygen enrichment. The housing 2 is closed by a sealing fitting 8a, the sealing fitting 8a is installed opposite the inlet air pipe 16 (shown in Fig. 2), so that the oxygen-enriched air stream is directed through the enriched air outlet pipe 18 to the adapter 19. This air stream is indicated by arrow B Non-ionizable components enter the prefix 13 through the slot 7 (as shown in Fig. 2) and form an exhaust air stream, which is discharged from the oxygen enrichment device 1 through the exhaust outlet 17 of air. The exhaust air has the direction indicated by arrow C. The discharge of the exhaust air can be optimized by installing a fan 15, the fan is installed in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust pipe 17.

In one embodiment of the structural embodiment of the claimed invention, the adapter 19 may be made in the form of a fastening means, which covers the housing 2.

An air stream containing mainly components containing ionized oxygen, also called enriched air, is guided through an outlet pipe 18, which is mounted on the surface of the housing 2. The outlet pipe 18 for enriched air forms an open air outlet to the fuel combustion chamber 20.

In another embodiment of the claimed invention, magnets (not shown), such as electric or permanent magnets, can be installed outside the oxygen enrichment device 1, which produce a magnetic field inside the oxygen enrichment device 1, especially in the first section of the chamber where ionization takes place supplied outside air. The magnetic field can also be produced by a pulsating inductor instead of magnets mounted outside the oxygen enrichment device 1. The trajectory of the negatively charged components containing oxygen, then goes to the positively charged electrode 3 due to the influence of the magnetic field. The magnetic field has no effect on nitrogen or on compounds containing nitrogen. The applied magnetic field may be within 0.1 T-10 T.

Moreover, a magnetic field is also necessary for driving components containing nitrogen away from the catalytic layer 14b (shown in Fig. 4). Therefore, the use of a magnetic field leads to a more active reactivation of the catalytic layer 14b and to further movement of the oxygen-containing components into the fuel combustion process.

In FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first alternative embodiment of an electrode unit including a positively charged electrode 3 according to FIG. 2.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the electrode unit includes five structures that are preferably stacked directly on top of each other. Moreover, their order is as follows: housing 2, insulating material 12, electrode 3, barrier layer 14a and catalytic layer 14b.

The first structure of the block is the housing 2, which covers in a layer form the device in accordance with the claimed invention. The outer layer of the housing 2, therefore, is in contact with the external environment. The housing 2 is a body of revolution, the exact shape depending on the use of the device in accordance with the claimed invention. Further, the housing 2 performs an insulating function for the device in accordance with the claimed invention with respect to the environment. The positively charged electrode 3 with its necessary electrical connections 11a are part of the housing 2. The housing 2 is suitable for operation at temperatures up to 600 ° C and has a thickness of mainly 0.5-3 mm. In this embodiment of the structural embodiment of the claimed invention, the housing may be made of a material that conducts electricity.

In this embodiment of the claimed invention, the second structure is an insulating material 12, which is located between the housing 2 and the positively charged electrode 3. This insulating material 12 is necessary in cases where the housing 2 consists of a material that conducts electricity to avoid short circuit due to electrical conductivity that can occur between the housing 2 and the positively charged electrode 3 in the absence of insulating material 12. Further, the insulation nny material 12 is required in order to protect against high voltage.

A third structure in this embodiment is a positively charged electrode 3. A positively charged electrode 3 consists of a very thin electrically conductive material, such as copper.

In some embodiments, in accordance with the claimed invention, a positively charged electrode 3 can also be used as a housing 2, in such embodiments, an insulating layer may be required on the outer surface of the positively charged electrode 3.

The fourth structure depicted in FIG. 4 is a barrier layer 14a. The barrier layer 14a is preferably made of alumina and preferably has a thickness of about 100 μm. The barrier layer 14a has two important functions. The first function is to isolate the positive pole to create an electric field. The breaking voltage is approximately in the range from 5 kV to 100 kV, preferably from 30 kV to 80 kV.

Secondly, the barrier layer 14a is a carrier for the catalytic layer 14b.

The fifth structure of an embodiment of the claimed invention depicted in FIG. 4, is a catalytic layer 14b, which consists of two parts. The first part serves as a resonant layer for the second part of the catalytic layer 14b, which is the activating part of the catalytic layer 14b.

The first part of the catalyst layer 14b is made up of 4 to 6 layers, which may consist of silicon dioxide and have a total thickness of 50 μm. These first layers of the first part of the catalytic layer 14b have highly pronounced piezoelectric properties with a positively charged dipole that is directed toward the negatively charged electrode (not shown).

Small particles are added to the final layer of the first part of the catalytic layer 14b to increase the surface and create an island of electrons as highly reactive centers. This leads to a decrease in flow resistance and accelerates negatively charged components towards the chamber for burning fuel. The fine particles used in accordance with the claimed invention can be selected from ferroelectric and / or piezoelectric nano particles.

The second part of the catalytic layer 14b is a final layer, which is a very thin layer with a thickness of about 25 nm. The final layer is a superimposed wavy thin film. The functions of the final layer are the activation of the catalytic layer 14b, which helps the molecules of water and carbon dioxide to split them into their active atoms at an external temperature. The catalytic layer 14b is also necessary for hydrolysis and for the activation of oxygen and their radicals.

In FIG. 5 shows a second alternative embodiment of an electrode unit including a positively charged electrode 3.

In this embodiment of the claimed invention, the electrode block consists of four structures, which are preferably superimposed directly on top of each other, the arrangement of the structures is as follows: housing 2, electrode 3, barrier layer 14a and catalytic layer 14b.

Compared to the embodiment in accordance with the claimed invention depicted in FIG. 4, an embodiment in accordance with the claimed invention shown in FIG. 5 does not have a layer consisting of an insulating material 12. Therefore, in this embodiment according to the claimed invention, the housing 2 must consist of a material that is electrically insulated, for example, such as a plastic material. In other words, if the housing 2 and the positively charged electrode 3 both consist of a material that is electrically conductive, a short circuit may occur, since there is no insulation material between the housing 2 and the positively charged electrode 3. In addition to this difference, the corresponding structures of this embodiment The structural embodiments in accordance with the claimed invention have the same composition and the same described functions as the described structures according to FIG. 4.

In accordance with the claimed invention, the electrons are present in excess and mainly ionize the oxygen of the ambient air into dianions. Further, the electrons are distributed over the surface of the catalytic layer 14a of the positively charged electrode 3, causing a quiet discharge, which forms a very cold reactive plasma. The generated plasma is directed towards the chamber for burning fuel with a piezoelectric pulse caused by a catalytic layer and / or an optional electric field. Aggressiveness of plasma in relation to the molecules burned leads to a strong increase in the combustion process.

Excess electrons close the passages and increase the conductivity of heat through energy transfer. Further, the electrons fulfill the purification function because they dissolve deposits and feed the deposits into the fuel combustion process.

The dipoles of the piezoelectric layer in the catalytic layer are constantly changing due to the high voltage of the applied pulses. This causes the attraction and rejection of electrons, anions, dipoles and products that form a negatively charged gas plasma. The speed of a gas plasma increases due to electron emission, flow, piezoelectric pulses and a pulsating magnetic field.

The following experiments were performed to demonstrate the advantages of the claimed invention.

A four-cylinder diesel engine of the 2002 Model Year Volkswagen Jetta TDI was used.

The experiment was performed in accordance with the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET)

Table 1 shows the test results. Tests A and B were performed as basic tests. Tests 1 to 6 were performed using a device in accordance with an embodiment of the claimed invention as described in FIG. 2 and 3.

The following parameters were used:

HV: 9 ± 3 kV

Pulsation Frequency: 5 ± 2 Khz

The ratio of the pulsation intervals: 1: 1 to 1: 5.

Fuel consumption decreased by 5% and the amount of NO _x gas decreased by more than 5%.

Variants of the structural implementation of the claimed invention described above are demonstrated rather as examples and the person skilled in the art is able to reproduce many variations and modifications of these variants, while retaining the idea of the claimed invention. All of these options for constructive implementation remain within the claimed scope of legal protection of the claimed invention, as defined in the attached claims.

Reference Numbers

1. oxygen enrichment device

2. housing as part of the first part of the camera

3. positively charged electrode, anode

4. negatively charged electrode, cathode

5. guide rail

6. edges

7. slot

8. fitting

8a. fitting

9. centering ring

9a. centering ring

10. flow slot

11. electrical connection

11a. electrical connection

12. insulating material

13. set-top box as part of the second section of the camera

14a. barrier layer

14b. catalytic bed

15. fan

16. air inlet

17. exhaust air outlet

18. outlet pipe for enriched air

19. adapter for the device for burning fuel

20. device for burning fuel

21. powerplant

22. electrical connections

And the direction of external air flow

In the direction of flow of enriched air

With the direction of the flow of exhaust air.

Claims (27)

1. A method of optimizing combustion in devices for burning fuel, comprising the following steps: a) an oxygen enrichment device is installed, wherein the oxygen enrichment device includes a chamber, the chamber includes at least two sections, b) supplying ambient air in a laminar flow to the first section from at least two chambers, c) convert the laminar air flow from translational motion into rotational motion using helical guide surfaces located inside the first section of at least two sections, d) ionize the ionizable components of the outdoor air by using ionization energy in the form of a pulsating direct current electric field, e) separating the ionized components from the non-ionized components by using an electric field, directing the separated ionized components through the catalytic bed and feeding the separated ionized components to the fuel burning chamber of the fuel burning apparatus, f) discharge the separated non-ionized components from the oxygen enrichment device by passing the separated non-ionized components from the first section to the second section. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the outdoor air in step b) is supplied by suctioning the stream and / or by injecting air. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the outside air in step b) is humidified during its supply. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which the direct current in step d) is between 5 kV - 100 kV and in which the ripple in step d) has a frequency between 5 Hz - 60 kHz. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the ionizable components in step d) are selected from the components of the outdoor air containing oxygen. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at step d) an additional magnetic field is created. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that, as a result of the separation in step e), the oxygen components of the air are supplied to the device for burning fuel, while the nitrogen components of the air in step f) are released into the environment. 8. A device for applying the method in accordance with one of the above paragraphs, including a device (1) for oxygen enrichment, while the device (1) for oxygen enrichment includes a chamber consisting of two sections, while at least at least parts of the first section are in the form of a housing (2) and, at the same time, at least parts of the second section are made in the form of a prefix (13) and, at the same time, at least parts of the second section are installed inside the first section, however, the first section of at least two sections is provided for supplying external air and separating the components of the supplied air, the first section includes an inlet air pipe (16) located at one end of the housing (2), an outlet air fitting (8a ), located on the other end of the housing (2) opposite the specified inlet pipe (16), and the outlet pipe (18) for enriched air, located in the immediate vicinity of the specified outlet fitting (8a), and, at the same time, the second section of at least two sections is provided for unloading the separated components from the supplied external air, the second section includes a sealing fitting (8) located at one end of the prefix (13), this end is located nearby the inlet air pipe (16), the other end of the prefix (13) forms the outlet pipe (17) for the exhaust air and, at the same time, spiral guide surfaces (5) and at least a slot (7) are installed on the surface of the specified prefix (13) ), the device further includes at least two electrodes (3, 4) installed inside the device (1) for oxygen enrichment, while at least one electrode (3) is positively charged and at least one electrode (4) negatively charged, while a positively charged electrode (3) includes a negatively charged electrode (4). 9. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the housing (2) as part of the camera and / or prefix (13) as part of the camera have, basically, the shape of a body of revolution. 10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one guide rail (5) is a spiral guide surface and that conductive electricity is located on the edges (6) of at least one guide rail (5) material. 11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that a positively charged electrode (3) is installed in the immediate vicinity of the inner surface of the housing (2) and that a negatively charged electrode (4) is installed in the immediate vicinity of the external surface of the prefix (13) or forms at least part of the prefix (13). 12. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the means are installed on the outer surface of the device (1) for oxygen enrichment for applying a magnetic field or a pulsating magnetic field inside the device (1) for oxygen enrichment. 13. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that at least one centering ring (9, 9a) is installed on the outer surface of the console (13). 14. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that at least one centering ring (9, 9a) forms a cable entry for electrical connections (11, 11a) and / or forms an outlet pipe (18) for enriched air in the housing (2) cameras. 15. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the fan (15) is installed in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust pipe (17). 16. The device according to one of paragraphs. 8-15, characterized in that a gap (10) is made for the flow between the positively charged electrode (3) and at least one guide rail (5). 17. The device according to one of paragraphs. 8-16, characterized in that the barrier layer (14a) and / or the catalytic layer (14b) are located on the inner surface of the positively charged electrode (3) in the direction of the negatively charged electrode (4). 18. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that a humidifying device or device for humidifying the air is installed in the immediate vicinity of the air inlet pipe (16).

Images