WO2007030555A2 - Detection d'activite de table de jeu et matrice de communication - Google Patents
Detection d'activite de table de jeu et matrice de communication Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007030555A2 WO2007030555A2 PCT/US2006/034740 US2006034740W WO2007030555A2 WO 2007030555 A2 WO2007030555 A2 WO 2007030555A2 US 2006034740 W US2006034740 W US 2006034740W WO 2007030555 A2 WO2007030555 A2 WO 2007030555A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
- G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
- G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
- G07F17/3202—Hardware aspects of a gaming system, e.g. components, construction, architecture thereof
- G07F17/3216—Construction aspects of a gaming system, e.g. housing, seats, ergonomic aspects
- G07F17/322—Casino tables, e.g. tables having integrated screens, chip detection means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
- G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
- G07F17/3225—Data transfer within a gaming system, e.g. data sent between gaming machines and users
- G07F17/3232—Data transfer within a gaming system, e.g. data sent between gaming machines and users wherein the operator is informed
Definitions
- the casino environment is undergoing significant changes. From a completely labor intensive environment, with live dealers, live security, and physical cards, with security provided by casino personnel, the casino is rapidly moving towards a highly automated electronic environment. Wagers on live gaming tables can be sensed, cards read, cards shuffled, hands read, commands sent from controls, component performance monitored, player activity monitored, dealer activity monitored, identification or players and dealers verified, jackpots incremented or decremented, state of the game or the state of components reported, game results determined or verified, hands verified in discard compartments, rounds of play counted, payouts calculated, a history of results displayed, and many other events and data relating to the operation of a table, pit or casino can be electronically provided.
- live table games In the gaming industry, significant gambling occurs at live table games that use playing cards and a live dealer.
- exemplary live table games include blackjack, poker, poker variants such as Let It Ride® stud poker, baccarat, casino war and other games.
- poker variants such as Let It Ride® stud poker, baccarat, casino war and other games.
- Card Poker® game Four Card Poker® game, Caribbean Stud® poker and others. These and many other games all involve play using playing cards.
- the cards are dealt by a live dealer to the players, to a flop and/or to the dealer.
- the use of playing cards provided by a live dealer has a number of associated limitations and disadvantages that have long plagued the casino industry. Some of these are of general concern to all or most card games. Others are problems associated with the use of playing cards in particular games. Some of the principal concerns and problems are discussed below.
- the use of playing cards at live table games typically involves several operational requirements that are time-consuming. These operations are conveniently described as collecting, shuffling, dealing and reading of the cards. In many card games there is also a step of cutting the deck after it has been shuffled. In the collecting operation, a live dealer typically collects the cards just played at the end of a hand. This is done in preparation for playing the next hand of cards.
- the cards in known systems must often be collected in the specific order in which they had appeared in the play of the game and must also be collected in a specific orientation, such as all cards being in a facedown or face-up condition.
- the cards also are typically straightened into a stack with the long sides and short sides aligned.
- shuffling When shuffling is needed, it involves a break in the action of the table game and consumes a significant amount of time. Shuffling is also the most time consuming operation in preparing for the next hand. Thus, shuffling is of substantial financial significance to the casino industry because it requires significant time and reduces the number of hands that can be played per hour or other period of time.
- the earnings of casinos are primarily dependent upon the total number of hands played. This is true because the casino on average wins a certain percent of the amounts wagered, and many or most casinos are open on a 24-hour basis. Thus, earnings are limited by the number of hands that can be played per hour. In light of this there has been a significant and keen interest by casino owners to develop practices that allow more games to be played in a given amount of time.
- Casinos have recognized that their efforts to reduce cheating would be improved if the casino had comprehensive information on the cards which have been played, the amounts bet, the players and dealers involved and other information about actions which have taken place at the card tables. This is of particular importance in assessing the use of stacked decks. It is also important where card tracking is occurring. Additional explanation about card tracking is discussed below.
- the information desired by the casinos includes knowing the sequence and exact cards being dealt. It would be even more advantageous to the casino if physical cards and live dealers could be eliminated, as this would remove almost all major existing methods of fraud from casino table card games.
- Sines U.S. Patent 6,165,069 is similarly titled "Automated system for playing live casino table games having tabletop changeable playing card displays and monitoring security features.”
- the Sines patents describe a video gaming table that requires the use of a live dealer, even though virtual cards are used.
- the Sines system includes bet/chip sensors on the table and requires the use of actual chips.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 5,934,998 (Forte and Sines) and 5,586,766 (Forte and Sines) describe a computer controlled gaming table for playing blackjack.
- the system uses physical cards and the game is run by a physical dealer.
- This system provides a count display (e.g., LED display) at each player position to show the player count and dealer count (as appropriate) that is determined from reading the rank and suit of the physical cards.
- Physical playing chips are also used; with no credit wagering capability.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,586,936 (Bennett et al.) teaches a ticketless control system for monitoring player activity at a table game, such as blackjack. Physical cards and physical chips are used. Player identity cards identify each player entering play at a table, and a separate ticket printer issues a results ticket at the end of play or reads the ticket at the beginning of play.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,941,769 describes gaming equipment for professional use of table games with playing cards and gaming chips, in particular for the game of blackjack.
- the system automatically registers and evaluates all phases of the game automatically. This is achieved by a card shoe with an integrated device for recognition of the value of the drawn cards (3') (optical recognition device and mirroring into a CCD-image converter); photodiodes (52) arranged under the table cloth (51) in order to register separately the casino light passing through each area (53, 54) for placing the gaming chips (41) and areas (55, 56) for placing the playing cards (3) in dependence of the arrangement or movement of the jettons (gaming chips) and playing cards on the mentioned areas; a device for automatic recognition of each bet (scanner to register the color of the jettons, or a RFID-system comprising a S/R station and jettons with integrated transponder); an EDP program created in accordance with the gaming rules to evaluate and store all data transmitted from the functional devices to the computer; and a monitor to display the run of the
- U.S. Patent No. 5,770,533 (Franchi) describes a casino operating system for controlling the flow of funds and monitoring gambling activities in a casino or a gaming establishment utilizing a network of computers, including a central computer and individual game computers.
- Each player receives an encoded betting card from the cashier.
- each player position is equipped with a control panel including a card reader into which the betting card is inserted.
- the control panel also includes an electronic screen and keyboard. From the control panel, the player may place a bet and perform all options available to the player in the particular game.
- the system records the hands dealt to each player and the winner, and credits or debits the player's betting card accordingly.
- the casino operating system allows the players to use chips to place bets instead of the above-described betting card.
- the chips are marked or encoded so that they can be counted once final bets have been placed to determine the amount of each player's bet.
- These "smart" RFID chips transmit an identification signal enabling the value of the chips to be counted by a remote sensor once final bets have been placed to determine the amount of each player's bet.”
- CCD chip reading turret is placed inches in front of each player's betting position to scan wagered chips using ambient casino lighting.
- the turret also has a "comp" light to indicate to the player at the beginning of every hand that his bet was credited for his complimentary services (meals, room, entertainment, etc.), thus delivering to the player extra gaming satisfaction with every hand.
- the "SafeJack" secure blackjack system employs special gaming chips that each carry an embedded computer microchip.
- the computer microchip is an ASIC integrated circuit linked to a small coil, which receives energy and interrogation signals through electromagnetic waves emitted from an outside antenna/reading device and transmits data back to the reading device.
- the SafeJack system is advertised to read and display all bets and payouts, and to include a light at each player position to indicate a win, push or loss.
- 20050054408 (Steil et al.) describes a system and method for monitoring playing cards in a live casino game by reading card attributes stored in each playing card at a player position with a radio frequency reading system. Each card has a radio frequency identification tag containing at least value and suit attributes. The tracking of the dealt cards to each player position occurs in sequence and based upon wagers placed monitors play of the live card game according to rules of the live card game.
- This Published application provides RF components to individual playing cards to track the movement of cards.
- the method comprises providing at least one grid of sensors positioned over an area defined by at least a portion of the surface of a gaming table to sense the presence or absence of gaming elements on the gaming table surface, and to sense automatically decisions made at the gaming table.
- the sensors can sense one or more of the presence of a gaming element, its size, shape and purpose on the gaming table surface, Nonlimiting examples of gaming elements include playing cards, gaming chips, tokens, dice and the like. Signals are sent from the sensors (preferably to a logic control device) indicating the presence or absence of the gaming elements.
- the logic control device sends signals to a processor in response to receiving the signals from the sensors, and the processor storing information from said signals from the logic control system indicating the presence or absence of gaming elements on the casino table surface.
- a microprocessor is provided as an alternative to the logic control device.
- the data from the logic control device can be further analyzed to identify the nature of the object (i.e.
- the object is a wagering chip, a card, dice or other gaming element, based on shape and/or the number of sensors blocked), to determine player decisions (i.e.-if a player doubled down or split pairs, if a side bet was made, if a bet was increased, if a bet was withdrawn, for example), and to sense the receipt of gaming objects to a particular player position on the table (i.e. if the dealer dealt a hit card, the system can detect which player received the extra card).
- the phrase "sensing the nature of an object" on a gaming table encompasses all of the above activities.
- the table activity matrix of the present invention is capable of collecting a wide variety of data for analysis, it is often desirable to combine such a system with a card rank and/or suit reading shoe or card reading shuffler.
- the system can collect information regarding the hand composition, and provide the data necessary to analyze player proficiency. For example, a review of the data after a hand of play might reveal whether a player followed ideal play procedures, or deviated significantly from the recommended play procedures. This data might be used by a casino to rank the player and as a further basis for awarding complementary services, or comps.
- the matrix system also includes wager denomination and/or amount sensing.
- Adding a wager amount sensor such as an RFID antenna and transponder can advantageously allow for the collection of data relating to amounts won/loss on a particular hand of cards.
- optical imaging systems can be used in combination with or in place of RFID chip reading.
- An automated casino table card game system of the present invention is capable of communicating with a local computer, a network computer, a network database, and the like.
- the examples described in this disclosure send information to a control computer prior to sending the data to an upstream database
- the present invention contemplates packaging the data, date stamping the data and sending the data to a remote game controller and/or database rather than to a local controller.
- the local controller would be replaced with a simple microprocessor that performed only basic functions such as date stamping the data, storing small amounts of information in memory (such as a card count, for example) and the communication hardware and software.
- Communications may be via TCP/IP or by other means such as WiFi, satellite systems and the like.
- the method of data transfer can be by any known means.
- Systems of the invention may have a number of different but interrelated functions and capabilities.
- various independent capabilities that may be available within the operation of the system may include: a) determining hand composition; b) determining player actions taken during play, such as splitting pairs, doubling down, placing an insurance bet, increasing a bet, decreasing a bet, taking hit cards and the like; c) positioning of chip reading antennae that differentiate between specific types of wagers; d) RFID antennae that operate in sequence to distinguish wagers; e) the combination of RPID antennas to determine first total bets present and additional wagers made, f) Sleeping chips that are programmed to go into a sleep mode once read in the course of a hand; and g) the combination of circuit boards to collectively identify optical position of wagers and RF reading of the value of wagers on a gaming table.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of one embodiment of a table activity matrix system according to the disclosure provided herein.
- Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a table activity matrix system according to the disclosure provided herein.
- Figure 3 shows a specific example of a data acquisition system using the table activity matrix of the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic of communication system for a family of sensor boards, system control logic (e.g., the FPGA or ASIC), a CPU and an intelligent card handling system.
- system control logic e.g., the FPGA or ASIC
- CPU central processing unit
- Figure 5 shows a typical, but only exemplary, basic connection diagram between the transistors, multiplexers, converter and control logic of one exemplary sensor board.
- a system is referred to as a table activity matrix system because of the general nature and distribution of activities on the table over large areas of the table as opposed to being discrete functioning elements (e.g., a shuffler, card delivery shoe, card receiving tray and coin drop) as is typically the manner of automatically sensed events. These other point sensing elements may be used in combination with the matrix system of the invention.
- the table activity matrix was initially developed as a component of a table game data acquisition system capable of tracking the presence and movement of objects (especially, but not exclusively chips and/or cards) within the confines of a single table.
- Nonlimiting examples of other table activity that can be monitored by the present system includes dice location, marker location, player card location, dealer card location, common card location, chip location, player and dealer hand movement and positioning, the placement of refreshments on the gaming table surface, the receipt of tips by the dealer, the initial hand shuffling of cards by the dealer, hand cuts of cards by player and dealer, the exchange of currency for betting chips, and the like.
- the table activity matrix in one form of the invention is used in combination with an intelligent card handling device (e.g., card rank and or suit reading shufflers, delivery shoes and card receiving trays) such as, but not limited to, those devices disclosed in U.S. Patent Applications Serial Nos. 10/958,209 (filed October 4, 2004; Grauzer et al.); 10/622,321 (filed July 17, 2003 (Grauzer et al.); 09/967,500 (filed
- the table activity matrix is preferably also used in combination with a control computer to collect comprehensive information relating to the play of a casino table card game.
- the computer used for data analysis can be local or a network computer.
- the computer is shown in the drawings as a local computer 78 (see Figure 3) but the invention contemplates the use of a network computer also.
- One possible use for the information collected from the table activity matrix and card reading shoe is to assist in the automatic determination of the skill of a player. Another possible use is in determining how to determine an appropriate award of complementary services to the player. Other uses might be to verify a bonus hand before a payout is made, and to verify that accurate pays were made on a particular table.
- the table activity matrix system combined with a card reading shoe can be used with many different types of games, its primary application is for the play of blackjack, where player's skills are more important to the house than in any other card game, as a player's skill in blackjack can directly affect casino profits.
- a dealer identification device could also be combined with the present table activity matrix for the purpose of collecting information that can be attributed to dealer activity and or skill. For example, a casino might learn that a certain dealer deals many more hands to his or her customers than the average, and on this basis, the casino might provide a service award, pay increase or bonus to the dealer. On the other hand, the system might effectively identify collusion between a player and a dealer, and provide the casino with cause to report the activity to law enforcement authorities.
- Player identification devices such as card readers, or player tracking systems, for example could similarly be combined with the table activity matrix of the present invention so that player-specific data may be extracted and analyzed.
- the technology of this invention relates to methods of automatically identifying gaming activity on a casino gaming table.
- the casino gaming table, and especially casino gaming playing card tables use automated sensing, communication and/or response equipment to assist in the performance, control, monitoring and data storage of events and activities at the casino game table.
- the automated system may include a) hardware and or software to activate a data collection process, b) one or more wager value sensors (e.g., RFID antennae), c) a table activity matrix and d) an external computer to at least store the data.
- the stored data can be extracted and analyzed to determine what activities are taking place or took place on a gaming table.
- the overall objective of the matrix system is at least to enable automated reading at least one of a) the presence of all wagers placed on the table and b) the location of dealt cards.
- the matrix can also be used to distinguish among the types of wagers placed (i.e. an ante bet, a raise wager, a side wager, etc.), and where indicated, the respective times (relative to the play of the game) when the wagers are placed.
- One example of the matrix system enables automated chip value reading functions to be provided when first chip reading functions are completed.
- the table activity matrix is combined with a card rank and or suit reading card shoe.
- the matrix is energized. If the matrix is combined with bet detection devices such as RFID antennas, bets are detected at this time. At this point in time, the number of cards dispensed is equal to the number of wagers, times 2, plus two cards for the dealer.
- the system also knows the destination location of each card, and can verify that the card reached the destination by sensing the card presence with the activity matrix. As each card is removed from the shoe and placed in the destination, the matrix generates a signal that represents the location of the dealt card and associates this card with a player position and the rank and/or suit of the card.
- the identity of the card can instead be associated with the player rather than the player position.
- This information can be associated with a time and the information stored in the memory of a local computer or in a distal database.
- the receipt of the dealer's second card (recognized by card position) signals that the initial hands have been dealt. Any wagers made after the initial two-card hand can be characterized as a double down, insurance or split wager.
- Hit cards are then associated with a hand according to a sensed location of the receipt of the card.
- players In the play of casino games, players have many actions that they can take. They may make decisions such as splitting pairs, doubling down, placing insurance bets, making side bets, increasing bets, decreasing bets, taking hit cards, rolling dice, spinning wheels, and other actions, depending on the game rules.
- the table activity matrix of the present invention senses this activity. For example, if the player's initial hand became twice its normal width, the processor would interpret the doubling of the number of blocked sensors and the proximity of the blocked sensors to determine that the player had split a pair. If the system included a card-reading shoe, the system could also anticipate a possible split by first identifying the two-card hand as a pair and then testing for the split. The test would involve comparing the number of blocked sensors in the player card area, before and after the time allowed to make a split decision. This test would be sufficient to establish a split if the players were instructed to stack the first two cards. The system can detect the act of doubling down by looking for additional blocked sensors in the wager sensing area. The analysis may or may not include an analysis of the shape of the area of blocked sensors. It is desirable to provide a sensor grid with evenly spaced apart sensors, and enough sensors such that the shape of a gaming object can be determined by examining the blocked sensor patterns.
- the test for determining whether a double down bet was placed could therefore include a) an analysis of the shape of the blocked sensor area, and b) the assignment of the particular blocked sensors to a function, i.e. — for instance, assigning a bank of sensors to an area designated for double down wagers, or both, or examining the shape of the cards after the first and final hit card is received and arranged horizontally against the vertically positioned and stacked initial two-card hand.
- the system is capable of identifying the presence of an insurance bet.
- Insurance bets are typically placed on an arc on the layout designated for insurance wagers. This arc is typically between the dealer play area and the player areas.
- a predetermined number of sensors located beneath the arc could be preassigned to the function of sensing insurance bets.
- the system might first perform a shape analysis to verify that an insurance bet in the form of one or more chips is being placed, rather than an irrelevant object such as an ash tray or a beverage glass.
- the game play rules might allow a player to make an optional side bet.
- a certain area of the layout can be designated for the receipt of optional side bets, and the sensors within that designated area are assigned to that function.
- the test for determining if a side bet wager was placed would therefore be a determination of whether one or more of this assigned particular set of sensors is blocked.
- the computer system might compare the wager areas before and after the wagering round takes place to determine if the size and shape of the area (or blob) being covered by the sensors has changed.
- the software might also verify that the covered area is irregular rather than rectangular to infer that additional chips were placed on the felt.
- the matrix can also be used to detect card movement and placement for the purpose of determining player decisions. For example, if a player doubles down, he or she is eligible for only one additional hit card. This hit card is positioned horizontally on the table, and comes into contact with the vertically positioned initial hand. By combining the initial two cards with the third card, the system can perform an extra test to confirm that the player has doubled down, rather than split pairs, basing the test on the shape of the blocked area or blob. Using Chip Reading Antenna
- the computer can obtain much more detailed information relating to play of a game.
- the system can determine the nature of the bet, i.e. whether it is an ante, a raise, a side bet and the like, and the amount wagered.
- the initial round of wagering is sensed prior to the dealing of cards at tl, and if the game rules allow for additional wagering between the dealing of the second and the third card, for example, another scan is then taken before the third card is dealt, at t2.
- the amount of the initial wager is the value at tl and the amount of the side wager is the value at t2, minus the value at tl .
- RIFD antennas When RIFD antennas are combined with the matrix system of the present invention, it is sometimes desirable to position one or more antennas within the interior area of another antenna beneath the gaming table surface (i.e. on top of the table, but below the felt and any padding on the table), such that the antenna is invisible to the player.
- the larger antenna might represent a perimeter of the gaming table, a player-only wager perimeter area, a single player wagering area, a dealer specific area or other area.
- the perimeter antenna can be activated to determine the total amount of the wager, and then one or more antennas within the interior of the larger antenna can be activated to determine the amount of particular bets, such as a side bet.
- the value of the primary wager is the total wager amount minus the side bet amount. It is also desirable to activate antennas at different times to prevent interference between the signals received by the antennas.
- the matrix system of the present invention When the matrix system of the present invention is combined with a RF chip reading system, and the number of chips is relatively high, it often takes more time than is desirable to obtain an accurate chip count/value determination. It might be desirable in some instances to send a signal from a device on the table to put a chip to sleep after the initial scan so that subsequent scans of the same area only sense additional wagers placed. This obviously would be appropriate for a game where multiple betting rounds are required or allowed, but would not be desirable in a game that allows players to withdraw bets.
- the table activity matrix might be used to identify wagers made at the various betting locations to activate the particular live player positions so that further object/position/movement sensing takes place in that area only. It might also provide additional security to the game to read the value of the wager using a RFID chip reading antenna and then verify the presence of the bet using the matrix.
- a casino table surface 2 is provided with a matrix of sensors 4 (only the perimeter sensors are shown), in which a plurality of individual sensors 6 (with circles shown thereon) form a field array covering the entire playing surface 8 of the table. It is to be understood that this equipment is normally positioned beneath the table felt and padding, but could be incorporated into the padding. At any rate, the sensors are invisible to the player.
- each sensor is uniformly spaced, forming a pattern of sensors over the surface of the table (as shown in Figure 1). It may be desirable to provide more densely spaced sensors in one or more areas of the table for improved sensing precision, depending upon the purpose.
- the size of a chip is smaller than the size of a card.
- This array can cover all or a portion of the surface of the gaming table. The specific locations where the array is present on the table is dependent on the game being played and the additional sensing equipment, if any being used. Objects present on the table will be interrogated with the particular sensing equipment provided. For example, when one or more player betting area specific RFID antennas 6 are used, RFID chips (not shown) are placed within the area bounded by the antenna 6 on the wagering surface. Typically, the RFID antennas are incorporated into a separate board that can be positioned over the matrix boards.
- the RFID boards typically have a plurality of apertures that allow the optical sensing devices of the matrix access to sensing activity on the table.
- the RFID board is constructed of material that is transparent to the sensors in the matrix boards. All chips in the betting areas will be sensed by antennas 6. If a perimeter RPID antenna is used, all chips, whether being wagered or not, will be periodically interrogated by the matrix sensing system. At the same time or after the initial interrogation, the antennae/transponder/sensor system 6 is activated and will confirm the presence and sense the value of all wagered chips. Only the wagered chips will be interrogated by antennas 6.
- Some RPID chips have essentially unique identification numbers. Other chips are programmed with a denomination value, and or a casino property designation. Typically all of the information in the chip memory, whether the memory is read only, or read/write is read when the chip is interrogated by the antennas.
- the sensing system comprises an optical sensing grid
- groups of sensors are typically arranged into an array on a sensor circuit board 4 that covers a specific area of the table.
- Multiple sensor boards 4 comprise the table activity matrix array.
- multiple sensor signals are interrogated to determine at least one of the size, shape, position and identity of a specific gaming object. This is a simple mathematical process that can easily be programmed into a processor that receives the signals emitted by the sensors. The presence of chips can be read with respect to their precise position on the table 2.
- Figure 2 illustrates another example of the table matrix of the present invention, the matrix covering only a portion of the total surface of the gaming table.
- each player position (only three positions shown for convenience) has a set of three wagering positions 44, 42 and 46 within each zone 40.
- the set of multiple wagering positions may comprise (by way of non-limiting examples) and Ante wager position 42, a Bonus wager position 44 and a Play wager position 46.
- areas 50 could be designated as player card areas. Any interrogation of areas 50 would determine at least one of a) whether the area has an active player hand on it, b) if there is only a single hand, c) if there has been a split, d) if there has been a double down and e) if additional hit cards are taken.
- This analysis can be accomplished in a number of ways, not limited to shape analysis, whether one or more distinct objects are being sensed with in the designated area 50, and the size of the area blocking the sensors.
- the table activity matrix of the present invention feeds data into a data acquisition module 65.
- FIG. 3 A general schematic of one embodiment of a network-based data acquisition module is shown in Figure 3, wherein four data acquisition modules (the table activity matrix 52, and three "future modules" 54, 56 and 58 such as biometric sensors, motion sensors, RFID sensing systems and optical chip sensors/readers and card rank/suit readers) are present on the table, feeding signals and/or data to network-based middle ware 60 comprising a data receiver 62 and a data pump 64.
- Each module 52, 54, 56, 58 is in one form of the invention is part of a monitoring system 79 for one gaming table.
- the Middle Ware 60 sends the totality of the collected data as input to an Intelligent Table System (ITS) database 66 where all game related and player related information is stored.
- ITS Intelligent Table System
- a network computer (not shown) can access the data and perform data analysis. Communication between the network computer and the modules on the gaming table can be one way, or two way.
- Data can be accessed by a local computer 68 and data can be mined in this manner.
- the information contained in the database 66 is accessible by a network computer (not shown).
- the ITS database 66 may also be stored in local memory or more preferably, the data may be transferred via a network connection to a network database 66 as shown in Figure 3. Regardless of where the database resides, information may then be mined (searched) with specific search parameters, as with a player game strategy analysis software (e.g., Bloodhound® gaming software) by a network computer (not shown) accessible by a local client 68 to evaluate a player's skill, player historical win/loss record, betting habits, to determine the likelihood of card-counting or cheating, etc.
- a player game strategy analysis software e.g., Bloodhound® gaming software
- the data can be combined with other data collected by the casino, such as dealer i.d., player tracking information and the like in order to perform player or dealer-specific analysis. Or the dealer i.d. and player i.d. devices could be added as modules 54, 56, 58 to the present system.
- Oracle Data Pump represents a radical departure from the client/server approach to which database users have grown accustomed over the past several generations of Oracle Database.
- the server now runs export and import jobs. You can load or unload massive amounts of data quickly using parallelization, and you can adjust the degree of parallelism on the fly.
- Export and import jobs are now restartable, so a failure doesn't necessarily mean starting over.
- the API is exposed and easy to use; it's simple to create an import or export job from PL/SQL. And once started, such jobs run in the background, but you can check status and make modifications, from anywhere, using the client utilities.
- Oracle Database 1Og- (Oracle7 through Oracle9z) the import and export utilities ran as clients and did the bulk of the work. Data being exported was read by the database instance, passed over the connection to the export client, and then written to disk. All the data was single-threaded through the one export process. Data volumes today are often magnitudes larger than when this architecture was first put in place, making that single export process a bottleneck because performance of an export job is limited by the throughput that the export utility can sustain.
- Data Pump jobs are created, monitored, and adjusted using the new DBMS_D ATAPUMP PL/SQL API.
- the new import and export utilities— impdp and expdp, respectively — are nothing more than command-line interfaces to the API.
- One can initiate a job say, an export job — using the Data Pump export utility.
- the ability to restart jobs is a desirable feature of Data Pump architecture.
- JOB_NAME gnis_export
- DUMPFILE specifies the file to which to write exported data.
- the %U syntax gives an incrementing counter, resulting in the filenames gnisOl.dmp, gnisO2.dmp, and so forth.
- DIRECTORY specifies my target directory.
- LOGFILE parameter gives a name to the log file that is created by default for any export job.
- JOBJSfAME gives a name to the job. Take care to specify job names that don't conflict with schema object names in the login schema.
- Data Pump creates a table known as the job's master table in the login schema with a name matching the job name. This table tracks the status of the job and is ultimately written to the dump file as a record of what that file contains.
- Listing 1 shows an export job being started.
- One of the first things the job does is to estimate the amount of disk space required. After that estimate displays, press ctrl-C to get to an interactive export prompt, and then use the EXIT_CLIENT command to return to the operating system command prompt.
- the export job is still running on the server.
- DUMPFILE export_dumps01:gnis%U.dmp, export_dumps02:gnis%U.dmp
- Figure 4 shows a specific example within the generic concept of the teachings herein of a specific Matrix combined with a card handling device and a local computer for a blackjack table.
- One or more serial sensor boards 70, 72 and 74 (three are shown in this example) are in individual (board-by-board) direct connection to a system logic control 76.
- the system logic control need not be a processor or microprocessor or other processing capable element, but may be a field programmable gated array (FPGA) that acts as an interface between the multiple sensor boards 10 and a processor 78 (CPU).
- Processor 78 includes a network communication port.
- An intelligent card handling device 80 e.g., an intelligent blackjack shoe, an intelligent shuffler, and/or intelligent discard rack
- communication connectivity e.g.,
- the configuration in Figure 4 includes a multiple families of sensor boards, common system control logic 76 (e.g., the FPGA or ASIC), a CPU 78 and intelligent card handling system 80.
- the intelligent card handling system communicates via a network connection (preferably via TCP/IP connections) to the CPU 78 and the sensors on sensor boards 10 communicate by the system control logic via serial interfaces.
- the sensor boards 10 and the intelligent card handling systems 80 perform a data acquisition function (as shown in Figure 3).
- the collected data (which in this instance may be matrix object sensing data, for example) in the system control logic 76 (e.g., FPGA, ASIC or other intermediary logic function) may be sent by serial interface to the CPU control processor 78.
- Data from other modules 54, 56 and 58 preferably send signals directly to a database 66 via network communication. All data and/or signals from the matrix eventually pass through or are collected by the CPU 78 from at least the object sensing elements shown in Figure 4.
- the sensor board matrix represented as a non-limiting example shown in
- Figure 1 may be constructed of a plurality of sensor boards 10 for use in at least collecting optical-based information on gaming elements (such as cards, chips, tokens, etc.).
- a typical sensor board in this construction might comprise hundreds of phototransistors and multiple multiplexers, a light correcting subsystem, an input control logic, output logic and one analog to digital signal converter.
- Figure 5 shows a typical, but only exemplary, basic connection diagram between the transistors 20, multiplexers 82, light adjustment subsystem 83, sensor board input control logic, 88, sensor board output control logic 87, and analog to digital converter 84 of one exemplary sensor board.
- Each sensor board in this construction where there is optical sensing (as opposed to audio sensing, RFID sensing, motion sensing, thermal sensing, etc,), contains multiple optical sensing elements 20 such as an array of phototransistors. These light sensitive phototransistors are able to detect changes in light intensity, and provide an indication of the presence or absence of objects covering the sensor.
- the transistors are preferably evenly distributed on the table's playing area to form a grid- like sensor matrix.
- the relative positioning of the optical sensors 20 need not be uniform in pattern, and it is preferable that the grid forms a distribution such that when any expected size object (e.g., a wagering chip of playing card) is placed on the table, it must contact at least one, and preferably multiple sensors, no matter how the expected size object is oriented on the table.
- any expected size object e.g., a wagering chip of playing card
- the sensor board(s) are in two-way communication with the control computer 78 in one embodiment, through the system control logic 76.
- Each sensor board has at least one input signal 90 and one output signal 92.
- the sensor input board may receive a signal indicating that a card has been withdrawn from the card handling apparatus (e.g., the dealing shoe), and in response to that signal, it is activated to determine if a wager is present at its location.
- the input signal may also be generated by the CPU, sent to the sensor board input control logic through the system control logic.
- the output signal may be generated by the phototransistors 20.
- the signal may preferably contain information relating to light intensity that each phototransistor has collected at its collection or sensing area.
- All of the phototransistors are preferably connected to multiplexers (MXU) 82. There may be several levels of multiplexer hierarchy, in which only the first level is connected directly to the phototransistors. The first level MUX 82 are then connected to a second level of MUX (not shown), and this progression may continue up through higher levels of the multiplexers. Finally, all of the phototransistors' data are converted (from one sensor board) into one signal. This signal is then fed into an A-D (analog to digital) converter 84, which preferably has a light correcting subsystem 83. The A-D converter with light correcting subsystem 83 collects signals from each sensor board, converts signals to digital format, and sends the signal out through the sensor board output logic 87.
- MXU multiplexers
- All sensor board output signals are ultimately sent to the CPU through the system control logic 76.
- the system control logic 76 performs, for example, at least three major tasks. It calibrates sensors, reads data from sensors and creates the data (from signals or absence of signals) sent to the CPU.
- the system control logic 76 can associate the sensor signals with a location within the grid, object shapes or both.
- the control computer 78 is programmed to associate certain grid locations and shapes with gaming object identity and an intended use, such as area for receiving player cards, dealer cards, primary wagers, side bet wagers, split cards wager, double down wagers or an insurance wager.
- the system control logic is programmed to calibrate each sensor to compensate for ambient light variation using the light correcting system
- the system control logic 76 reads the output signal sent from each sensor board 20. By reading all output signals, the system control logic may be able to identify the coordinates of each sensor and its respective on/off (covered/not covered) condition.
- the collected sensor information generated by each sensor board is transmitted to the control logic, which is in turn transmitted to the control computer (CPU) in preferably a continuous manner, although it can be fed in batches periodically. When the data is sent continuously, to the CPU, it tends to not be date stamped. This may be provided at other locations (e.g., the CPU, or if not continuously, at the control logic).
- the CPU may determine when to use this data and when to send control commands or state signal information to the sensor(s).
- the CPU might interpret the sensor information to detect the shape of the object being sensed, the fact that the object split into two separate objects over a given period of time, that the shape of the object changed, indicating an event such as a hit card after a double down, and the like.
- Numerous types of information can be derived from the combination of object present sensing, object shape analysis, object presence vs. time.
- the intelligent card handling system has been referenced elsewhere in this text, as in U.S. Published Patent Application Nos. 20050062227; 20050062226; 20050051955; and 20050012270, for example.
- the card rank (and optionally suit for blackjack, where that tends to be superfluous, except for optional jackpot or bonus events) may be read by any reading system, generally referred to as a camera, although it need not be the traditional camera, but can be an area detector or the like that responds to radiation, visible or not, a bar code reader, an RFID reader, magnetic code reader, and the like.
- the card rank/suit information would probably be best sent directly to the CPU, although an intermediate system or element may be used.
- the presently preferred optical camera reads the cards as the leave the delivery area of the dealing shoe or the shuffler.
- the card handling device may trigger the sensor boards to become active.
- the first card or first series of cards may be used to activate or signal the sensor boards that would then respond by actively sensing for the presence of the object for which they are intended to sense.
- the shoe or shuffler may also be used to monitor the progression of the game and to reconstruct compositions of player hands and dealer hands, alone or in combination with an intelligent discard tray.
- the control computer (CPU) 78 combines the information collected from the table by the matrix and is capable of identifying the presence of cards dealt to each player position and the dealer position.
- This information along with information from bet sensors and card rank and suit reading sensors are sent to a database 66 where information can be mined at a user interface 68.
- Information derived from the system can include an analysis of the types of wagers made at various times in the play of the game, player proficiency, etc. It can detect activities such as surrender, insurance, double downs, splitting hands, busts, blackjacks, and the like.
- GENE-6310 which features a 3.5 inch SubCompact Form factor, Onboard VIA Eden Series 400/667 MHz, C3 IGHz EBGA mobile CPU; integrated AGP 2D/3D graphics accelerator; dual channel LVDS interface onboard; integrated AC97 2.0 SoundBlasterTM board-compatible legacy audio; 10/100 Base-T fast Ethernet; 2 or 4 COMs/1 parallel/4USBa/l trDA; and capable of supporting CRT and 36 Bit TFT panels, NTSC/PAL TV output, and Type II compact flash memory.
- data transfer may be communicated through the use of a more traditional wired network or optionally via a wireless network.
- a wireless network requires an interface system that is capable of interfacing between a signal providing component such as the system output from the control computer as illustrated in Figure 4, and a wireless communication system with an ultimate signal destination.
- a signal providing component such as the system output from the control computer as illustrated in Figure 4
- a wireless communication system with an ultimate signal destination such an interfacing capability is performed by elements of a "demarcation device," and specific examples of how the demarcation capabilities arise in different embodiments of the network interface systems are discussed below.
- demarcation capabilities may derive from elements comprised by the following examples of demarcation devices: a set-top box (e.g., table node), which may be used as an interface between a customer's (player's) signaling appliance and a casino's communication network; broadband modems, including any format of wireless modems, each of which may be used to provide any signal, including but not limited to digital signals, analog signals, state signals, sensed event signals, and/or data signals within a gaming environment premises; integrated access devices; and the like.
- a set-top box e.g., table node
- broadband modems including any format of wireless modems, each of which may be used to provide any signal, including but not limited to digital signals, analog signals, state signals, sensed event signals, and/or data signals within a gaming environment premises
- integrated access devices and the like.
- demarcation device whose elements may be used to provide demarcation capabilities includes a network interface device ("NID"), described in detail below.
- a demarcation device may additionally include other capabilities, including, for example, the capability to separate received communication information into discrete sets; the capability to process certain of the separated sets independently from other sets; and/or the capability to transmit different of the separated sets to different locations, perhaps through the use of different interfaces.
- Integration of one or more microservers with the NID has significant advantages when compared with solutions in which microservers are separate from the NID. For instance, separate microservers may require access to a customer premises for services and may be moved around and removed from the customer locations. By integrating the microservers with the NID, they are easily accessible by a technician and may be integrated in a secure fashion as described below that makes them nonremovable by others.
- references to "player locations” are intended to refer to physical locations or structures at which a player engages in gaming.
- Wireless sensor networks as described herein will drive the next phase of explosive growth in the use of more automated systems in the gaming industry.
- Technological improvements and cost reduction of low-data rate transceivers, low power microprocessors, MEMS (microelectromechanical system) sensors, and embedded programming languages will unleash the development of a new class of fully autonomous computing and communications devices in form factors smaller than a box of matches.
- the method may comprise providing at least one grid of sensors positioned over an area defined by at least a portion of the surface of a gaming table to sense the presence or absence of gaming elements on the gaming table surface; sensing with said sensors gaming elements on the gaming table surface; sending signals from the sensors to a logic control device indicating the presence or absence of the gaming elements; the logic control device sending signals to a processor in response to receiving the signals from the sensors; and the processor storing information from said signals from the logic control system indicating the presence or absence of gaming elements on the casino table surface.
- the sensors may comprise optical sensors such as, by way of non-limiting examples, phototransistors.
- the logic control device need not and preferably does not process the signals from the sensors before forwarding signals to the processor, and is preferably selected from an FPGA and an ASIC.
- the method may be practiced where at least some sensors comprise RF antennae and emitters. This would be performed by providing at least one sensor to measure a first quantity or value of RF responsive gaming chips on a gaming table surface; optionally providing at least one additional sensor as an additional antenna sensitive to an RF responsive component on the table, reading chips associated with a specific wagering position for a specific wager type; determining an amount of at least one specific type of wager made as a specific wager type; and automatically verifying total amounts paid out to the player based upon chips amounts read on the gaming table.
- the gaming table may include one or more antennas located within each player position.
- the gaming table may also include a perimeter antenna.
- the perimeter antenna is capable of sensing all chips on the table, including those chips not in play.
- Each player position may also include an antenna surrounding the entire wager receiving area, and may contain one or more additional antennas located within the player-specific perimeter antenna.
- the signals provided by the antennae may be sent to a logic control system, and the logic control systems sends signals to a data storage base.
- the signals may be generated by the logic control system from the signals provided by the antennae.
- This table may also include a grid of object present sensors, such as those shown in Figure 1.
- Both types of sensors may be sent to at least a first level of multiplexers to combine signals so that signals from multiple sensors can be sent to their respective logic control systems contemporaneously.
- the grid of RF sensors may send signals to at least a first level of multiplexers to combine signals so that signals from multiple sensors can be sent to a logic control system contemporaneously.
Abstract
L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé mis en oeuvre par ledit appareil permettant de mesurer une activité de pari sur une table de jeu. Ledit procédé consiste à fournir au moins un réseau de capteurs positionnés sur une zone définie par la surface d'une table de jeu afin de détecter la présence ou l'absence d'éléments de jeu sur ladite surface de la table de jeu. Les capteurs détectent des élément de jeu (par exemple, des cartes à jouer, des pièces de jeu, des jetons, des cartes de joueur, etc.) sur la surface de la table de jeu. Des signaux indiquant la présence ou l'absence des éléments de jeu sont émis à partir des capteurs (de préférence, vers un dispositif de commande logique). Ledit dispositif de commande logique envoie des signaux à un processeur en réponse à la réception de signaux provenant des capteurs, et le processeur stocke des informations provenant des signaux envoyés par le système de commande logique indiquant la présence ou l'absence d'éléments de jeu sur la surface de la table de casino.
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US11/223,341 US20070057469A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2005-09-09 | Gaming table activity sensing and communication matrix |
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WO2007030555A3 WO2007030555A3 (fr) | 2007-10-11 |
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US20070057469A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
WO2007030555A3 (fr) | 2007-10-11 |
WO2007030555B1 (fr) | 2007-11-29 |
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