WO2007026977A1

WO2007026977A1 - Soil rock layer's composition, constructing method thereof and road construction method thereby

Info

Publication number: WO2007026977A1
Application number: PCT/KR2005/002914
Authority: WO
Inventors: Heung-Sik Yu
Original assignee: Heung-Sik Yu
Priority date: 2005-08-31
Filing date: 2005-09-02
Publication date: 2007-03-08
Also published as: KR100557300B1

Abstract

The new invention refers to the compositions of SOIL ROCK LAYER and its application or construction method. It can apply to both asphalt and concrete pavements to provide strategies to the above-mentioned problems. The invention replaces conventional multi layer pavement to single SOIL ROCK LAYER pavement to provide excellent workability. It guarantees long-term strength, prevention from deformation by expansion and contraction, the use of environment friendly Emulsion and additives. It also guarantees safe and flexible construction and brings great benefits from economical material cost.

Description

SOIL ROCK LAYERS COMPOSITION, CONSTRUCTING METHOD THEREOF AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION METHOD

THEREBY

Technical Field

[1] This invention refers to the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION. It applies to asphalt and concrete pavement by SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION such as soil, cement, and additives. Background Art

[2] The invention is according to the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION method and purposed to conserve the ecosystem specifically and provide flexible construction (workability).

[3] In road construction, followed by the determining and designing of new road section, compacting the ground and sub-grade is achieved. Mountains are dug and lower areas are being filled to level the land. Gravel and aggregates from distant locations are transported to create a course (Anti-frost layer) above the ground/ sub-grade. This non-frost-susceptible base (also called "Anti-frost layer") prevents the frost heave from invading into the inner part of the courses and freezes. If non- frost-susceptible base (Anti-frost layer) is not being formed, the expansion and contraction from freezing and melting of moisture in ground/sub-grade will result in softening of the ground. Eventually, it leads to problems such as plastic deformation of the surface and breakdown in other courses.

[4] Therefore, in creating resistance to frost heave the non-frost-susceptible base

(Anti-frost layer) is being formed. Finer sized gravel than non-frost-susceptible base is used to create the sub-base course. Above the sub-base course the base course is layered and the asphalt surface at the most top.

[5] In this conventional multi course pavement method, only ground and sub-grade use materials (site soil: in-situ soil) found in job sites. All other courses are formed from the use of aggregates and gravels transported from distant locations. Environment is destroyed by deterioration of mountains and by filling sunken areas with wastes generated from demolished old pavement. Problems such as delay in construction period and other costly problems arise from distribution difficulties and as aggregates are being transported from distant locations. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [6] The new invention, a newly developed technology, can apply to all asphalt and concrete pavement to overcome and provide strategies to the above problems. It aims to replace multi course pavement to single SOIL ROCK LAYER pavement to ensure reduced construction period, long-term strength, and prevent deformation caused by expansion and contraction. Also, the new method benefits from the use of environmental friendly emulsion and additives, safe and flexible workability, and economical material cost. Technical Solution

[7] To achieve the above purposes, the invention provides SOIL ROCK LAYER'S

COMPOSITION that consists of 0.074 ~ 40 mm sized 100% site soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2 - 1.5 additives and 2-3% emulsion.

[8] During the mixing process, white silicic acid, silicic acid, or fly ash is included as an additive and 18-20% asphalt, 1.5-2.5% lignin, 0.2-0.5% rosin, 0.2-0.5% NaOH, 0.1-0.2% neophelex, 0.2-0.5% nonion, 0.1-0.2% bentonite and 70-80% of water is added to create the Emulsion.

[9] Invention's Crushing Step Sl, involves crushing the site soil to a grain size of

0.074~40mm. Addition Step S2, involves mixing of 100% crushed soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2-1.5% additive, and 2-3% emulsion. Step S3, involves mixing or blending of all the compositions. In Step S4, blended or treated compositions are poured onto the site to be compacted and cured.

[10] During the progression, addition of the Emulsion (in Step S2) provides method for the composition of SOIL ROCK LAYER that contains 18-20% asphalt, 1.5-2.5% lignin, 0.2-0.5% rosin, 0.2-0.5% NaOH, 0.1-0.2% neofelex, 0.2-0.5% nonion, 0.1-0.2% bentonite and 70-80% of water.

[11] In this invention, SlOO, the basic step refers to making arrangements to the newly designated road section by leveling the ground and sub-grade.

[12] S 105, the formation step refers to curing procedures and application of SOIL

ROCK LAYER above the ground or sub-grade by roller using mixtures of 0.074 - 40 mm sized 100% site soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2 - 1.5% additives and 2-3% Emulsion to form the non-frost-susceptible base.

[13] Sl 10, the mixing step blends 0.074 - 40 mm sized crushed 100% site-soil with

2-5% cement, 0.2 - 1.5 additives and 2-3% Emulsion to form the non- frost-susceptible base.

[14] S 120, the compacting step refers to the formation of SOIL ROCK LAYER by applying the mixed SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION above the ground or sub- grade using the mixtures blended in Sl 10 step.

[15] S 130, the formation of surface step refers to the formation of asphalt surface above the solid and stabilized SOIL ROCK LAYER. The SOIL ROCK LAYER is formed from the use of the method that utilizes the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION. [16] The use of the above invention conserves our environment and ecosystem while constructing new roads. Especially, the above mentioned site soil refers to utilization of soil that has been generated from arrangement of ground/sub-grade. This site soil includes good quality sand-soil, different types of usable soil, yellow ocher, and normal soil. For the easement of agitation with other substances site soil is prepared to 0.074 ~ 40 mm grain size. The conventional construction method brought damages to environments by digging needed soil from certain areas and dumping of unwanted soil generated from the job site. However, the new method brings great benefits to the environment, as job site soil is used to create sub-base and at the same time it satisfies the road construction method and provides ideal compositions for the pavement.

Advantageous Effects

[17] The new invention can apply to both asphalt and concrete pavements. Its main purposes are to replace multi course pavement to single SOIL ROCK LAYER, ensure long term strength, prevent deformation caused by expansion and contraction, use environment friendly emulsion and additives, provide outstanding work safety and easy construction, and gain economical benefits from material costs. It benefits greatly from work efficiency achieved from simplification of construction by forming dual [SOIL ROCK LAYER (30) and Anti-frost layer (20) (Optional)] or single SOIL ROCK LAYER and minimization of construction period. Brief Description of the Drawings

[18] Figure 1: refers to the side view of sample drawing of a construction using SOIL

ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION.

[19] Figure 2: displays side view SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION.

[20] Figure 3: refers to the sample graph of Plate Bearing Test results.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[21] According to Figure 1, the road is constructed using SOIL ROCK LAYER'S

COMPOSITION by leveling the ground and sub-grade (10), followed by non- frost-susceptible (Anti-Frost layer)(20), followed by FS soil layer (30), and followed by surface(40) at the most top.

[22] Road constructed by SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION and its method endures problems such as cracking caused by pressure from heavy load traffic. The road is kept safe from deformation as non-frost-susceptible course (20) prevents the ground and sub-grade from getting affected by frost heave during wintertime.

[23]

[24] Table 1

[25] As shown in Table 1, the site soil is crushed to size 0.074 - 40 mm in this new invention.

[26] Use of the site soil produced from the job site is the most suitable to level the ground and sub-grade. This site soil includes good quality sand-soil, different types of usable soil, yellow ocher, and normal soil. For better agitation with other substances aggregates are prepared to size mentioned in the above Table 1.

[27] The conventional construction method brought damages to environments by using only certain types of aggregates such as good quality sandy soil and sand from other areas and dumping of unwanted soil generated from the job site. However, the new method brings great benefits to the environment, as job site in-situ soil is used to create sub-base.

[28] When the ratio of cement is less than 2%, the SOIL ROCK LAYER strength is decreased that results in structural defects and ineffective in dealing with stress from heavy loads. Addition of more than 5% results in decreased elasticity that leads to structural defects such as cracking in SOIL ROCK LAYER.

[29] The additives and emulsion provides SOIL ROCK LAYER with increased density, durability, and elasticity. It creates waterproof barrier to maximize resistant to frost and prevents cracking. The additive mix ratio is limited from 0.2 - 1.5%. Less than 0.2% addition is inappropriate for efficiency and quality. On the other hand, addition of more than 1.5% as compared to less than 1.5% does not make big difference in the quality of the SOIL ROCK LAYER but results in high material cost.

[30] The above additives such as white silicic acid, silicic acid, volcanic ash, or fly ash is mixed in proportion to the mass of cement for increased water tightness in hydration process. The increase in water tightness provides long-term strength. It also prevents cracking that's caused by expansion and contraction.

[31] Emulsion is prepared by mixing 18-20% asphalt, 1.5-2.5% lignin, 0.2-0.5% rosin,

0.2-0.5% NaOH, 0.1-0.2% neofelex, 0.2-0.5% nonion, 0.1-0.2% bentonite and 70-80% of water.

[32] Asphalt increases safety by building excellent resistance to moisture. Lignin has cohesion character that contributes to increasing bond between the soil particles, high density and poor moist absorption. Rosin builds waterproof barrier and increases the weight of soil particles when dry.

[33] In this invention, SlOO, the basic step refers to making arrangements to the newly designated road section by leveling the ground and sub-grade. [34] S 105, the formation step refers to curing procedures and application of SOIL ROCK LAYER above the ground or sub-grade by roller using mixtures of 0.074 ~ 40 mm sized 100% site soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2 ~ 1.5% additives and 2-3% emulsion to form the non-frost-susceptible base.

[35] Sl 10, the mixing step blends 0.074 - 40 mm sized crushed 100% site-soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2 - 1.5 additives and 2-3% emulsion to form the non- frost-susceptible base.

[36] S 120, the compacting step refers to the formation of SOIL ROCK LAYER by applying the mixed compositions above the ground or sub-grade using the mixtures blended in Sl 10 step.

[37] S 130, the formation of surface step refers to the formation of asphalt surface above the solid and stabilized SOIL ROCK LAYER. The SOIL ROCK LAYER is formed from the use of SOIL ROCK LAYER method that utilizes the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION.

[38] The road is ready for completion when ground or sub-grade is leveled, non- susceptible base is formed above the ground and SOIL ROCK LAYER is compacted and cured using the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION method.

Industrial Applicability

[39] Tests using the compositions are described in the following examples. [40] [41] (Example 1) [42] The asphalt surface has been constructed on the same day above the SOIL ROCK LAYER compacted with 100% site soil, 4% cement, 0.8% additive, 3% Emulsion, and no curing period. (Note: Table 2)

[43] Table 2

[44] According to Table 2, cracks cannot be viewed and conditions are proved to be excellent.

[45] [46] (Examples 2 - 5) [47] From Table 3 and Table 6 the sample test has been carried out using different amounts of additives to site soil 100, 4% cement, and 3% Emulsion.

[48] [49] Table 3 Example 2): additive 0.8%, Test area(Load Area) 0.25D

[50]

[51] Table 5 Example 4): Additive 0.4%, Test area(Load Area) 0.25D

[52] Table 6 Example 5): additive 0%, Test area(Load Area) 0.25D

[53] According to the above Table 3 and 6, Example 2 is in the most ideal state. Example 3 and 4 gave similar results. In the Example 5, no additives were added. The accumulated subsidence level was increased to the maximum value indicating problems. This proves the strong position of additive in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

[54] According to Chart 3, The Plate Bearing Test results are revealed by road test. Normally; the ideal state is C.B.R 80%. K stands for bearing capacity. Q stands for load intensity. And y stands for subsidence and lOOkPa indicating lkgf/D. By applying equation K = q / y where load of 50OkPa to Subsidence 1.50mm it becomes

[55] K = ( 5kgf/D ) / (0.15 D) [56] = 33.33kgf/D [57] Table 3 tells that K indicates maximum value of 22.2. However, by looking at C.B.R. graph, the invention's minimum value of K = 33.33kgf/D" (according to Example 2) proves that the new invention exceeds the maximum value by far. Therefore, the new invention is a perfect invention in terms of its effectiveness and efficiency.

[58] [59] (Examples 6 - 8) [60] For Examples 6 - 8, comparisons between site soil 100% rate of transit and different ratios of cement and additives were recorded in Table 7.

[61] Cement: Additive mix ratio of 100:20 has been prepared. [62] [63] Table 7

[64] According to Table 7, if the mixing ratio of cement is 7%, it is ideal in terms of strength. However, partial cracks may occur and later result in structural defects. [65] Also, the required compressive strength of 30kg/D and 10kg/D achieved from base course and sub-base course can be replaced by single SOIL ROCK LAYER. It showed the continues increase in strength as time passes.

[66] [67] (Example 9 ~ 11) [68] For Examples 9 - 11, comparisons between site soil 100% rate of transit and different ratios of cement and additives were recorded in Table 8.

[69] [70] Table 8

[71] According to Table 8, in Example 11 with Additive 1.5, by considering the economical side with constant decrease in Coefficient of Permeability and its little change it is ideal to set the ratio from 0.2 ~ 1.5.

[72] The additives and emulsion used in the new invention neutralizes the acidic soil and environment friendly. In considering the characteristics such as high elasticity or elongation and compressive strength, SOIL ROCK LAYER is appropriate as a single base for asphalt surface course. [73] Excellent bending strength of 4.16 times the conventional multi-layer aggregate method and 1.97 times the strength of the conventional concrete pavement method provide strong road construction atmosphere. Also, the fully recyclable old SOIL ROCK LAYER or waste from pavement demolition can be returned back to nature. Great economical benefits from material costs of up to 86.7%(Total cost of 4%) are expected.

Claims

[1] - 0.074 ~ 40 mm sized 100% rate of transit site soil

- 2 - 5% Cement

- 0.2 ~ 1.5% Additive

- 2 - 3% Emulsion, which is included according to the characteristics of SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION.

[2] For the above additive (Request 1) must be one of the following. White silicic acid, silicic acid or fly ash included in SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION.

[3] For the above Emulsion (Request 2) included according to the SOIL ROCK

LAYER'S COMPOSITION must be to the mixing ratio of the following: 18-20% asphalt, 1.5-2.5% lignin, 0.2-0.5% rosin, 0.2-0.5% NaOH, 0.1-0.2% neophelex, 0.2-0.5% nonion, 0.1-0.2% bentonite and 70-80% of water.

[4] Invention's Crushing Step Sl, involves crushing the site soil to a grain size of

[5] For the above Emulsion (Request 4), for Step S2, the addition step, the above

Emulsion is characterized to include the following as according to the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION and its method: 18-20% asphalt, 1.5-2.5% lignin, 0.2-0.5% rosin, 0.2-0.5% NaOH, 0.1-0.2% neophelex, 0.2-0.5% nonion, 0.1-0.2% bentonite and 70-80% of water.

[6] Using the compositions of either Request 1 or 4, SOIL ROCK LAYER is formed and construction method (single layer or dual layer pavement) is provided according to the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION method.

[7] In this invention, SlOO, the basic step refers to making arrangements to newly designated road sections by leveling the ground or sub-grade. SI lO, the mixing step blends 0.074 - 40 mm sized crushed 100% site-soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2 - 1.5 additives and 2-3% emulsion to form the SOIL ROCK LAYER.

S 120, the compacting step refers to the formation of SOIL ROCK LAYER by applying the mixed compositions above the ground or sub-grade using the mixtures blended in Sl 10 step.

S 130, the formation of surface step refers to the formation of asphalt surface above the solid and stabilized SOIL ROCK LAYER. The SOIL ROCK LAYER is formed and constructed by SOIL ROCK LAYER'S construction method that utilizes the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION and its method. [8] In this invention, SlOO, the basic step refers to making arrangements to newly designated road sections by leveling the ground or sub-grade. S 105, the formation step refers to curing procedures and application of SOIL ROCK LAYER above the ground or sub-grade by roller using mixtures of 0.074 ~ 40 mm sized 100% site soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2 ~ 1.5% additives and 2-3% Emulsion to form the non-frost-susceptible base (Anti-frost layer). SI lO, the mixing step blends 0.074 - 40 mm sized crushed 100% site-soil with 2-5% cement, 0.2 - 1.5 additives and 2-3% Emulsion to form the non- frost-susceptible base.

S 130, the formation of surface step refers to the formation of asphalt surface above the solid and stabilized SOIL ROCK LAYER. The SOIL ROCK LAYER is formed and constructed by SOIL ROCK LAYER'S construction method that utilizes the SOIL ROCK LAYER'S COMPOSITION and its method.