WO2007017541A2 - Solar collector system - Google Patents

Solar collector system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007017541A2
WO2007017541A2 PCT/ES2006/000452 ES2006000452W WO2007017541A2 WO 2007017541 A2 WO2007017541 A2 WO 2007017541A2 ES 2006000452 W ES2006000452 W ES 2006000452W WO 2007017541 A2 WO2007017541 A2 WO 2007017541A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
collectors
flat solar
solar collectors
collector
heat sink
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2006/000452
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2007017541A3 (en
Inventor
José María Torrens Rasal
Original Assignee
Torrens Rasal Jose Maria
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Torrens Rasal Jose Maria filed Critical Torrens Rasal Jose Maria
Publication of WO2007017541A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007017541A2/en
Publication of WO2007017541A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007017541A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1075—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system of flat solar collectors, through which a heat transfer fluid circulates and which are associated forming a battery of solar collectors, in connection with consumptions or heat exchangers of a heating installation, domestic hot water or similar , and temperature limiting means, comprising a heat sink, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors.
  • DHW domestic hot water
  • domestic heating installations it is increasingly common for domestic hot water (DHW) and domestic heating installations to be thermally powered by flat solar collectors, with the consequent advantages of being able to dispense with the supply of fossil fuels, to improve overall energy efficiency and to be absolutely harmless from an environmental point of view.
  • Conventional flat solar collector systems usually comprise a field of collectors, associated in series and in parallel, in whose interior a liquid circulates, which can be water, which is heated by the effect of solar radiation.
  • the collector coatings are currently made of selective materials to the radiation, which allow the passage of solar radiation in one direction and not in the opposite direction, so that all the radiant energy passes to the liquid.
  • the liquid once heated, can circulate by natural convection or by pumping to the domestic installation, where its energy content is consumed in the installation of ACS, heating, pool air conditioners or similar systems, cooling the liquid, and from where it returns , at a lower temperature, to the collector field.
  • the Standard indicates that when this maximum operating temperature on the primary side of consumption is 105 0 C, it is only necessary to have an operating temperature regulation on the secondary side. However, it would be optimal to have means to ensure that the temperature in the primary does not exceed 105 0 C (except the obvious peaks by thermal inertia of up to 115 0 C).
  • the present invention aims to provide a new installation of heating and sanitary hot water by means of solar thermal energy with temperature limiting means that facilitate the achievement of these safety objectives in an easy, autonomous and efficient way.
  • Patent application ES P 200501820 describes a heating and sanitary hot water installation using solar thermal energy, of the type comprising a primary circuit with a solar collector system with heat generator functions, through which a thermal fluid circulates , in series with the consumption or heat exchangers of a heating or sanitary hot water installation, and temperature limiting means, which prevent the temperature of the thermal fluid in the primary circuit from rising above a predetermined maximum temperature, and a safety circuit with an expansion vessel, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors, and which in essence is characterized in that said temperature limiting means comprise a heat sink, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors, preferably an exchanger of copper fin heat.
  • the heat sink can be arranged in the same safety pipe downstream of the expansion vessel, the descending section of said safety pipe extending to the return or entry of the solar collectors through a check valve.
  • the installation comprises a thermostatic sensor valve incorporated at the outlet of the solar collectors, to which it pours the descending section of the safety pipe of the safety circuit and connected to a first end of the heat sink; and a bypass pipe and a connection of the second end of the heat sink to the expansion pipe.
  • This system of solar collectors of the ES P 200501820 does not require permanent personal attention, nor additional or additional electrical installations, does not require of supplementary tanks, or devices with moving elements, such as pumps or fans.
  • the additional fact that it does not require automatisms also contributes to the occurrence of fewer breakdowns.
  • it does not require additional electrical consumption so, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, the overall energy efficiency increases with respect to current conventional solar collector systems.
  • the system of the ES P 200501820 gives rise to two possible schemes, among others, in which the trip to the heatsink is above the collectors and the return to the heatsink is below the collectors.
  • the present invention has as its object some variants and improvements with respect to the manifold system defined in the patent application ES P 200501820, and independently of the expansion vessel safety system. Specifically, the present invention aims at a system of flat solar collectors, applicable to conventional collectors whose interior circulates, in a known way, a heat transfer fluid and which are associated forming a battery of solar collectors, in connection with consumptions or exchangers of heat of a heating installation, sanitary hot water or similar, and temperature limiting means, comprising a heat sink arranged in parallel with the solar collectors.
  • the present invention is characterized, in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1, by the fact that both the trip to the heatsink and the return thereto is made above the flat solar collectors, which makes The hottest heat transfer fluid in the collector is forced to stir due to the pressure of the colder and denser fluid pressure of the heat sink, producing a fluid circulation in one direction or another.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are two embodiments of the flat solar collector system of the present invention, in particular for parallel-mounted collector batteries;
  • Figs. 3 to 5 are three other embodiments of the flat solar collector system of the present invention, but for series mounting collector batteries; Y
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a heat sink formed by two parallel finned tubes with square fins, enclosed in a fairing with perforations, corresponding in particular to the double tube embodiment of Fig. 3.
  • the system of flat solar collectors of the present invention through which a heat transfer fluid circulates, for example water with additives, are associated forming a battery of solar collectors 1, in connection with consumptions or heat exchangers 15 of a heating installation, domestic hot water, heated pool or similar, whose water is driven by the pump 16, in series with the consumptions 15 and the collectors (or collectors) 1 through a conduit 8.
  • a heat transfer fluid circulates, for example water with additives
  • the installation is complemented with temperature limiting means, which comprise a heat sink 10, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors 1.
  • Said heat sink is preferably a heat exchanger 10 of copper fins 20.
  • Fig. 6 an example of such a heatsink can be seen, formed, for example and not exclusively, by two tubes 18, 19 finned with flat 20 rectangular copper fins.
  • both the outflow connection 23 of the heatsink 10 and the return connection 24 thereto are arranged above the flat solar collectors 1. This configuration allows that the hottest water in the collector is forced to stir by the effect of the pressure gauge of the coldest and dense water of the heat sink 10, producing a circulation of the fluid in one direction or another.
  • FIGs. 1 and 2 two embodiments of the flat solar collector system of the present invention are represented, in particular for collector batteries 1 of parallel connection or assembly.
  • a check valve 9 preferably a light clapper, such as that described in ES P 200501820. This is valid for at least two 1 collectors with lower inputs and upper outputs.
  • Circulation occurs in the direction from left to right or in reverse due to the higher density of cold water contained in the heatsink with respect to the hottest and therefore of lower density of the water in the collectors 1. Therefore, this unstable equilibrium It cannot be maintained and the water ends up circulating in one direction or another, producing the desired result of dissipating the superheat of the collectors 1, as a safety measure, improvement of the performance and pursuing the purpose of compliance with the EN12828 Standard.
  • Fig. 2 an alternative scheme for series collectors is shown, which comprises a thermostatic sensor valve 12, instead of the check valve, incorporated between the heat sink 10 and at least one serial output of the collector battery solar 1.
  • the temperature sensor 17 is incorporated in the path in the middle of the "T" formed at the outlet of the battery of collectors 1.
  • FIGs. 3 to 5 other three alternative forms of embodiment of the flat solar collector system of the present invention are represented, in particular in this case for batteries of collectors 1 for connection or assembly in series.
  • Fig. 4 a variant is shown with respect to Fig. 3, equipped in this case with a thermostatic sensor valve 12, incorporated between the heat sink 10 and at least one serial output of the solar collector battery 1.
  • the temperature sensor 17 is incorporated in the path in the middle of the "T" formed at the outlet of the battery of collectors.
  • FIG. 5 an evolution of the scheme of Fig. 4 is shown, but applied to three manifolds 1 in series, with a corresponding thermostatic valve 12 that communicates the input of each manifold 1 of the series with a corresponding point 25, initial or intermediate, associated with the heat sink 10.
  • This embodiment is suitable to allow the circulation of water by gravity. It will be understood that it is expandable to another number of collectors greater than three.
  • a heat sink 10 formed by two tubes 18 and 19 in parallel, finned with square fins 20, enclosed in an enclosed fairing 21, provided with perforations or ventilation openings 22, is illustrated.
  • the tubes 18 and 19 protrude for connection with the outlet or return of the collectors.
  • the heatsink of Fig. 6, from which only the first of its 20 square fins is distinguished, may correspond to the heatsink 10 illustrated in the case of Fig. 3.
  • the fairing 21 encloses the check valve 9 and / or thermostatic valve 12, and even come assembled thereby achieving a modular element of easy transport and assembly.
  • the fairing 21 can be made of copper, brass, stainless steel, painted iron, etc., and preferably metallic, for proper heat transmission
  • the distance "d" between the sheet constituting the fairing and the edge of the fin 20 must be tending to zero, in order to achieve a good thermal contact and to collaborate the perforated metal sheet to dissipate the heat additional to the convection through the windows determined by the openings 22.
  • the hot perforated sheet itself transmits heat to the outside by radiation.
  • the openings 22 can be made in the 4 faces of the fairing 21 or only in 3 of its faces, the fourth face being, in this case the frontal, opaque, without appreciable loss of performance.
  • the openings 22 can be rectangular, as in the case shown in Fig. 6, oval, circular or in any other suitable way.
  • the system fully complies with the temperature limitation of the Spanish and European standard UNE-EN 12828, without relying on any kind of electro-automatisms, nor on the supply of electrical energy.
  • this system eliminates the direct cost of all kinds of automatic and manual air and gas traps and large expansion tanks; b) the system admits, like any domestic plumbing installation, the welding of copper pipes and fittings by capillarity (tin-silver) instead of strong welding to the silver of very high price both in material of contribution as in its execution by qualified personnel; c) minimum installation cost, since no valve connections are required in the execution modes with fairing, and transport, due to the greater compactness and the lower number of packages required; and d) minimum maintenance cost, limited to simple supervision.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a flat solar collector system. According to the invention, a heat-transfer fluid flows through the collectors which are connected such as to form a bank of solar collectors, which is connected to heat exchangers (15) or inputs belonging to a system providing heating, sanitary hot water or similar. The invention also includes temperature limiting means comprising a heat sink (10) which is disposed in parallel with the solar collectors (1) and which is enclosed in a casing or fairing. The supply (23) and return (24) connections of the sink are disposed above the flat solar collectors, such that the hottest heat-transfer fluid of the collector is agitated owing to the manometric pressure of the coldest and densest fluid of the heat sink, thereby generating the circulation of the fluid in one direction or the other.

Description

Sistema de Colectores Solares Solar Collector System
Sector técnico de Ia invenciónTechnical sector of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de colectores solares planos, por cuyo interior circula un fluido caloportador y que están asociados formando una batería de colectores solares, en conexión con consumos o intercambiadores de calor de una instalación de calefacción, agua caliente sanitaria o similar, y unos medios limita- dores de Ia temperatura, que comprenden un disipador de calor, dispuesto en paralelo con los colectores solares.The present invention relates to a system of flat solar collectors, through which a heat transfer fluid circulates and which are associated forming a battery of solar collectors, in connection with consumptions or heat exchangers of a heating installation, domestic hot water or similar , and temperature limiting means, comprising a heat sink, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors.
Antecedentes de Ia invenciónBackground of the invention
Es cada vez más frecuente que las instalaciones de agua caliente sanitaria (ACS) y de calefacción domésticas sean alimentadas térmicamente mediante colectores solares planos, con las consiguientes ventajas de poder prescindir del suministro de combustibles fósiles, de mejorar el rendimiento energético general y de ser absolutamente inocuos desde el punto de vista medioambiental.It is increasingly common for domestic hot water (DHW) and domestic heating installations to be thermally powered by flat solar collectors, with the consequent advantages of being able to dispense with the supply of fossil fuels, to improve overall energy efficiency and to be absolutely harmless from an environmental point of view.
Los sistemas a colectores solares planos convencionales suele comprender un campo de colectores, asociados en serie y en paralelo, en cuyo interior circula un líquido, que puede ser agua, que es calentado por efecto de Ia radiación solar. Para mejorar el rendimiento, los revestimientos de los colectores son actualmente de materiales selectivos a Ia radiación, que permiten el paso de Ia radiación solar en un sentido y no en sentido contrario, de suerte que toda Ia energía radiante pasa al líquido. El líquido, una vez calentado, puede circular por convección natural o mediante bombeo hacia Ia instalación doméstica, en donde se consume su contenido energético en Ia instalación de ACS, calefacción, climatizadores para piscinas o sistemas análogos, enfriándose el líquido, y de donde retorna, a menor temperatura, al campo de colectores. La nueva Norma Europea EN 12828 sobre sistemas de calefacción en edificios y diseño de los sistemas de calefacción por agua, que es aplicable también a los sistemas de ACS (agua caliente sanitaria) dicta que los sistemas deben estar equipados con dispositivos de seguridad contra exceso de temperatura máxima de funcionamiento. Esta norma es aplicable a los sistemas de calefacción y ACS cuyo sistema de generación térmica, o generador de calor, sea mediante captadores solaresConventional flat solar collector systems usually comprise a field of collectors, associated in series and in parallel, in whose interior a liquid circulates, which can be water, which is heated by the effect of solar radiation. To improve the performance, the collector coatings are currently made of selective materials to the radiation, which allow the passage of solar radiation in one direction and not in the opposite direction, so that all the radiant energy passes to the liquid. The liquid, once heated, can circulate by natural convection or by pumping to the domestic installation, where its energy content is consumed in the installation of ACS, heating, pool air conditioners or similar systems, cooling the liquid, and from where it returns , at a lower temperature, to the collector field. The new European Standard EN 12828 on heating systems in buildings and design of water heating systems, which is also applicable to ACS (hot water) systems dictates that the systems must be equipped with safety devices against excess of maximum operating temperature This standard is applicable to heating and ACS systems whose system of thermal generation, or heat generator, either by solar collectors
La Norma indica que cuando esta temperatura máxima de funcionamiento en el lado primario del consumo es de 1050C, solamente es necesario tener una regulación de temperatura de funcionamiento en el lado del secundario. No obstante sería óptimo disponer de medios que garantizaran que Ia temperatura en el primario no excede de 1050C (exceptuando los obvios picos por inercia térmica de hasta 1150C).The Standard indicates that when this maximum operating temperature on the primary side of consumption is 105 0 C, it is only necessary to have an operating temperature regulation on the secondary side. However, it would be optimal to have means to ensure that the temperature in the primary does not exceed 105 0 C (except the obvious peaks by thermal inertia of up to 115 0 C).
La propia Norma EN 12828 propone unos ejemplos de instalaciónThe EN 12828 Standard itself proposes some installation examples
La presente invención tiene como finalidad proporcionar una nueva instalación de calefacción y agua caliente sanitaria mediante energía solar térmica con unos me- dios limitadores de Ia temperatura que faciliten Ia consecución de estos objetivos de seguridad de un modo fácil, autónomo y eficiente.The present invention aims to provide a new installation of heating and sanitary hot water by means of solar thermal energy with temperature limiting means that facilitate the achievement of these safety objectives in an easy, autonomous and efficient way.
La solicitud de patente ES P 200501820 describe una instalación de calefacción y agua caliente sanitaria mediante energía solar térmica, del tipo de las que comprenden un circuito primario con un sistema de colectores solares con funciones de generador de calor, por cuyo interior circula un fluido térmico, en serie con los consumos o intercambiadores de calor de una instalación de calefacción o agua caliente sanitaria, y unos medios limitadores de Ia temperatura, que impiden que Ia temperatura del fluido térmico en el circuito primario aumente por encima de una temperatura máxima predeterminada, y un circuito de seguridad con un vaso de expansión, dis- puesto en paralelo con los colectores solares, y que en su esencia se caracteriza porque dichos medios limitadores de temperatura comprenden un disipador de calor, dispuesto en paralelo con los colectores solares, preferentemente un intercambiador de calor de aletas de cobre.Patent application ES P 200501820 describes a heating and sanitary hot water installation using solar thermal energy, of the type comprising a primary circuit with a solar collector system with heat generator functions, through which a thermal fluid circulates , in series with the consumption or heat exchangers of a heating or sanitary hot water installation, and temperature limiting means, which prevent the temperature of the thermal fluid in the primary circuit from rising above a predetermined maximum temperature, and a safety circuit with an expansion vessel, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors, and which in essence is characterized in that said temperature limiting means comprise a heat sink, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors, preferably an exchanger of copper fin heat.
El disipador de calor puede estar dispuesto en Ia misma tubería de seguridad de aguas abajo del vaso de expansión, prolongándose el tramo descendente de dicha tubería de seguridad hasta el retorno o entrada de los colectores solares a través de una válvula de retención.The heat sink can be arranged in the same safety pipe downstream of the expansion vessel, the descending section of said safety pipe extending to the return or entry of the solar collectors through a check valve.
Alternativamente, Ia instalación comprende una válvula termostática de sensor incorporado a Ia salida de los colectores solares, a Ia cual vierte el tramo descendente de Ia tubería de seguridad del circuito de seguridad y conectada a un primer extremo del disipador de calor; y una tubería de by-pass y una conexión del segundo extremo del disipador de calor a Ia tubería de expansión.Alternatively, the installation comprises a thermostatic sensor valve incorporated at the outlet of the solar collectors, to which it pours the descending section of the safety pipe of the safety circuit and connected to a first end of the heat sink; and a bypass pipe and a connection of the second end of the heat sink to the expansion pipe.
Este sistema de colectores solares de Ia ES P 200501820 no precisa atención personal permanente, ni instalaciones adicionales o eléctricas adicionales, no requiere de depósitos suplementarios, ni aparatos con elementos móviles, como bombas o ventiladores. El hecho adicional de que tampoco requiera automatismos colabora en que se produzcan menos averías. Además, no requiere consumos eléctricos suplementarios, por Io que, según apreciarán los expertos en Ia técnica, el rendimiento energético global aumenta con respecto a los sistemas de colectores solares convencionales actuales.This system of solar collectors of the ES P 200501820 does not require permanent personal attention, nor additional or additional electrical installations, does not require of supplementary tanks, or devices with moving elements, such as pumps or fans. The additional fact that it does not require automatisms also contributes to the occurrence of fewer breakdowns. In addition, it does not require additional electrical consumption, so, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, the overall energy efficiency increases with respect to current conventional solar collector systems.
Explicación de Ia invenciónExplanation of the invention
El sistema de Ia ES P 200501820 da lugar a dos posibles esquemas, entre otros, en que Ia ida al disipador es por arriba de los colectores y el retorno al disipador es por debajo de los colectores.The system of the ES P 200501820 gives rise to two possible schemes, among others, in which the trip to the heatsink is above the collectors and the return to the heatsink is below the collectors.
La presente invención tiene por objeto unas variantes y mejoras con respecto al sistema de colectores definidos en Ia solicitud de patente ES P 200501820, y con independencia del sistema de seguridad a vaso de expansión. En concreto, Ia presente invención tiene por objeto un sistema de colectores solares planos, aplicable a colectores convencionales por cuyo interior circula, de un modo conocido, un fluido caloportador y que están asociados formando una batería de colectores solares, en conexión con consumos o intercambiadores de calor de una instalación de calefacción, agua caliente sanitaria o similar, y unos medios limitadores de Ia temperatura, que comprenden un disipador de calor dispuesto en paralelo con los colectores solares. En su esencia, Ia presente invención se caracteriza, de acuerdo con Ia parte caracterizante de Ia reivindicación 1 , por el hecho de que tanto Ia ida al disipador como el retorno al mismo se efectúa por arriba de los colectores solares planos, Io cual hace que el fluido caloportador más caliente del colector se vea obliga- do a agitarse por efecto de Ia presión manométrica del fluido más frío y denso del disipador de calor, produciéndose una circulación del fluido en un sentido u otro.The present invention has as its object some variants and improvements with respect to the manifold system defined in the patent application ES P 200501820, and independently of the expansion vessel safety system. Specifically, the present invention aims at a system of flat solar collectors, applicable to conventional collectors whose interior circulates, in a known way, a heat transfer fluid and which are associated forming a battery of solar collectors, in connection with consumptions or exchangers of heat of a heating installation, sanitary hot water or similar, and temperature limiting means, comprising a heat sink arranged in parallel with the solar collectors. In essence, the present invention is characterized, in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1, by the fact that both the trip to the heatsink and the return thereto is made above the flat solar collectors, which makes The hottest heat transfer fluid in the collector is forced to stir due to the pressure of the colder and denser fluid pressure of the heat sink, producing a fluid circulation in one direction or another.
En las reivindicaciones 2 a 12 se describen realizaciones preferentes de Ia presente invención, de entre las que cabe destacar el carenado del disipador, junto con los elementos de válvula de Ia batería de condensadores, Io cual elimina opera- ciones de conexionado y viene a facilitar grandemente las operaciones de montaje y puesta en marcha del sistema de colectores.Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in claims 2 to 12, among which the fairing of the heatsink, together with the valve elements of the capacitor bank, which eliminates connection operations and facilitates greatly the assembly and commissioning operations of the collector system.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
A continuación se hará Ia descripción detallada de las formas de realización preferidas de Ia presente invención, para cuya mejor comprensión se acompaña de unos dibujos, dados meramente a título de ejemplo no limitativo, en los cuales:Next, a detailed description of the embodiments will be made preferred of the present invention, for which better understanding is accompanied by drawings, given merely by way of non-limiting example, in which:
las Figs. 1 y 2 son dos formas de realización del sistema de colectores solares planos de Ia presente invención, en particular para baterías de colectores de montaje en paralelo;Figs. 1 and 2 are two embodiments of the flat solar collector system of the present invention, in particular for parallel-mounted collector batteries;
las Figs. 3 a 5 son otras tres formas de realización del sistema de colectores solares planos de Ia presente invención, pero para baterías de colectores de montaje en serie; yFigs. 3 to 5 are three other embodiments of the flat solar collector system of the present invention, but for series mounting collector batteries; Y
Ia Fig. 6 es una vista esquemática de un disipador de calor formado por dos tubos en paralelo aleteados con aletas cuadradas, encerrados en un carenado con perforaciones, correspondiendo en concreto a Ia realización de doble tubo de Ia Fig. 3.Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a heat sink formed by two parallel finned tubes with square fins, enclosed in a fairing with perforations, corresponding in particular to the double tube embodiment of Fig. 3.
Descripción detallada de los dibujosDetailed description of the drawings
En dichos dibujos puede verse que el sistema de colectores solares planos de Ia presente invención, por cuyo interior circula un fluido caloportador, por ejemplo agua con aditivos, están asociados formando una batería de colectores solares 1 , en conexión con consumos o intercambiadores 15 de calor de una instalación de calefacción, agua caliente sanitaria, piscina calefactada o similar, cuya agua es impulsada por Ia bomba 16, en serie con los consumos 15 y los colectores (o captadores) 1 a través de una conducción 8. En particular se trata de colectores 1 de baja temperatura, del tipo de los que trabajan a aproximadamente 60 - 700C y están típicamente formados por tubos superior 27 e inferior 28 comunicados por tubos de conexión en configuraciones interiores serie (Figs 1 y 2) o paralelo (Figs. 3, 4 y 5) a modo de serpentines. Sólo en Ia Fig. 1 se han representado dichos tubos 27 y 28 y el contorno del cajeado 26 de los colectores 1 , habiéndose omitido dicho cajeado en el resto de figuras, por motivos de una mayor claridad. La instalación se complementa con unos medios limitadores de Ia temperatura, que comprenden un disipador de calor 10, dispuesto en paralelo con los colectores solares 1. Dicho disipador de calor es preferentemente un intercambiador de calor 10 de aletas 20 de cobre.In said drawings it can be seen that the system of flat solar collectors of the present invention, through which a heat transfer fluid circulates, for example water with additives, are associated forming a battery of solar collectors 1, in connection with consumptions or heat exchangers 15 of a heating installation, domestic hot water, heated pool or similar, whose water is driven by the pump 16, in series with the consumptions 15 and the collectors (or collectors) 1 through a conduit 8. In particular it is Low temperature manifolds 1, of the type that work at approximately 60-70 0 C and are typically formed by upper 27 and lower 28 pipes connected by connecting tubes in series interior configurations (Figs 1 and 2) or parallel (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) as coils. Only in Fig. 1 have said tubes 27 and 28 and the outline of the recess 26 of the manifolds 1 been represented, said recess having been omitted in the remaining figures, for reasons of greater clarity. The installation is complemented with temperature limiting means, which comprise a heat sink 10, arranged in parallel with the solar collectors 1. Said heat sink is preferably a heat exchanger 10 of copper fins 20.
En Ia Fig. 6 puede verse un ejemplo de tal disipador, formado, por ejemplo y no exclusivamente, por dos tubos 18, 19 aleteados con aletas 20 planas de cobre de conformación rectangular.In Fig. 6 an example of such a heatsink can be seen, formed, for example and not exclusively, by two tubes 18, 19 finned with flat 20 rectangular copper fins.
Lo esencial y novedoso de Ia invención es que, a diferencia de otras realizaciones de Ia técnica, tanto Ia conexión de ida 23 del disipador 10 como Ia conexión de retorno 24 al mismo están dispuestas por arriba de los colectores solares planos 1. Esta configuración permite que el agua más caliente del colector se vea obligada a agitarse por efecto de Ia presión manométrica del agua más fría y densa del disipador 10 de calor, produciéndose una circulación del fluido en un sentido u otro.The essential and novel aspect of the invention is that, unlike other embodiments of the technique, both the outflow connection 23 of the heatsink 10 and the return connection 24 thereto are arranged above the flat solar collectors 1. This configuration allows that the hottest water in the collector is forced to stir by the effect of the pressure gauge of the coldest and dense water of the heat sink 10, producing a circulation of the fluid in one direction or another.
En las Figs. 1 y 2 se representan dos formas de realización del sistema de co- lectores solares planos de Ia presente invención, en particular para baterías de colectores 1 de conexionado o montaje en paralelo.In Figs. 1 and 2 two embodiments of the flat solar collector system of the present invention are represented, in particular for collector batteries 1 of parallel connection or assembly.
En concreto, en Ia Fig. 1 entre Ia salida del disipador 10 y Ia entrada a los colectores se encuentra una válvula de retención 9, preferentemente de clapeta ligera, tal como Ia descrita en Ia ES P 200501820. Ello es válido para al menos dos coiecto- res 1 con entradas inferiores y salidas superiores.Specifically, in Fig. 1 between the outlet of the heatsink 10 and the inlet to the manifolds is a check valve 9, preferably a light clapper, such as that described in ES P 200501820. This is valid for at least two 1 collectors with lower inputs and upper outputs.
En este caso de montaje, cuando desaparece Ia presión de Ia bomba 16, Ia válvula de retención 9 queda abierta y permite Ia circulación entre los serpentines tubulares de los colectores 1 y el disipador 10 de tubos de aletas.In this case of assembly, when the pressure of the pump 16 disappears, the check valve 9 is open and allows the circulation between the tubular coils of the manifolds 1 and the finned tube heatsink 10.
La circulación se produce en sentido de izquierda a derecha o inverso debido a Ia mayor densidad del agua fría contenida en el disipador con respecto a Ia más caliente y por Io tanto de menor densidad del agua de los colectores 1. Por ello, este equilibrio inestable no se puede mantener y el agua acaba circulando en uno u otro sentido, produciéndose el resultado buscado de disipar el sobrecalentamiento de los colectores 1 , como medida de seguridad, mejora del rendimiento y persiguiendo Ia finalidad del cumplimiento de Ia Norma EN12828.Circulation occurs in the direction from left to right or in reverse due to the higher density of cold water contained in the heatsink with respect to the hottest and therefore of lower density of the water in the collectors 1. Therefore, this unstable equilibrium It cannot be maintained and the water ends up circulating in one direction or another, producing the desired result of dissipating the superheat of the collectors 1, as a safety measure, improvement of the performance and pursuing the purpose of compliance with the EN12828 Standard.
En Ia Fig. 2 se representa un esquema alternativo para colectores en serie, que comprende una válvula termostática 12 de sensor, en lugar de Ia válvula de retención, incorporada entre el disipador de calor 10 y al menos una salida serie de Ia batería de colectores solares 1. El sensor de temperatura 17 está incorporado en Ia vía de en medio de ia "T" formada a Ia salida de Ia batería de colectores 1.In Fig. 2 an alternative scheme for series collectors is shown, which comprises a thermostatic sensor valve 12, instead of the check valve, incorporated between the heat sink 10 and at least one serial output of the collector battery solar 1. The temperature sensor 17 is incorporated in the path in the middle of the "T" formed at the outlet of the battery of collectors 1.
En las Figs. 3 a 5 se representan otras tres formas alternativas de realización del sistema de colectores solares planos de Ia presente invención, en particular en este caso para baterías de colectores 1 de conexionado o montaje en serie.In Figs. 3 to 5 other three alternative forms of embodiment of the flat solar collector system of the present invention are represented, in particular in this case for batteries of collectors 1 for connection or assembly in series.
En el esquema de Ia Fig. 3, entre Ia salida del disipador 10 y Ia entrada a los colectores hay dispuesta una válvula de retención 9. Es decir, es como el caso de Ia Fig. 1 , pero aplicado a uno o a dos colectores de ida y retorno por Ia parte superior de los colectores 1.In the scheme of Fig. 3, between the output of the heatsink 10 and the input to the manifolds there is a check valve 9. That is, as is the case of Fig. 1, but applied to one or two return manifolds through the upper part of the manifolds 1.
En Ia Fig. 4 se representa una variante con respecto a Ia Fig. 3, equipado en este caso con una válvula termostática 12 de sensor, incorporada entre el disipador de calor 10 y al menos una salida serie de Ia batería de colectores solares 1. El sensor de temperatura 17 está incorporado en Ia vía de en medio de Ia "T" formada a Ia salida de Ia batería de colectores.In Fig. 4 a variant is shown with respect to Fig. 3, equipped in this case with a thermostatic sensor valve 12, incorporated between the heat sink 10 and at least one serial output of the solar collector battery 1. The temperature sensor 17 is incorporated in the path in the middle of the "T" formed at the outlet of the battery of collectors.
En el esquema de Ia Fig. 5 se muestra una evolución del esquema de Ia Fig. 4, pero aplicado a tres colectores 1 en serie, con una correspondiente válvula termostática 12 que comunica Ia entrada de cada colector 1 de Ia serie con un correspondiente punto 25, inicial o intermedio, asociado del disipador de calor 10. Esta realización es adecuada para permitir Ia circulación del agua por gravedad. Se entenderá que es ampliable a otro número de colectores superior a tres. En Ia Fig. 6 se ha ilustrado un disipador de calor 10 formado por dos tubos 18 y 19 en paralelo, aleteados con aletas cuadradas 20, encerrados en un carenado 21 envolvente, provisto de perforaciones o aberturas 22 de ventilación. Los tubos 18 y 19 sobresalen para su conexionado con Ia salida o el retorno de los colectores.In the scheme of Fig. 5 an evolution of the scheme of Fig. 4 is shown, but applied to three manifolds 1 in series, with a corresponding thermostatic valve 12 that communicates the input of each manifold 1 of the series with a corresponding point 25, initial or intermediate, associated with the heat sink 10. This embodiment is suitable to allow the circulation of water by gravity. It will be understood that it is expandable to another number of collectors greater than three. In Fig. 6, a heat sink 10 formed by two tubes 18 and 19 in parallel, finned with square fins 20, enclosed in an enclosed fairing 21, provided with perforations or ventilation openings 22, is illustrated. The tubes 18 and 19 protrude for connection with the outlet or return of the collectors.
El disipador de Ia Fig. 6, del que únicamente se distingue Ia primera de sus aletas 20 cuadradas, puede corresponder al disipador 10 ilustrado en el caso de Ia Fig. 3.The heatsink of Fig. 6, from which only the first of its 20 square fins is distinguished, may correspond to the heatsink 10 illustrated in the case of Fig. 3.
Como una forma de realización preferente, el carenado 21 encierra la válvula de retención 9 y/o válvula termostática 12, e incluso venir montada consiguiendo de este modo un elemento modular de fácil transporte y montaje. El carenado 21 puede ser de chapa de cobre, latón, acero inoxidable, hierro pintado, etc., y preferiblemente metálica, para una correcta transmisión del calorAs a preferred embodiment, the fairing 21 encloses the check valve 9 and / or thermostatic valve 12, and even come assembled thereby achieving a modular element of easy transport and assembly. The fairing 21 can be made of copper, brass, stainless steel, painted iron, etc., and preferably metallic, for proper heat transmission
La distancia "d" entre Ia chapa constitutiva del carenado y el canto de Ia aleta 20 debe ser tendente a cero, a fin de lograr un buen contacto térmico y colaborar Ia chapa metálica perforada a Ia disipación del calor adicional a Ia convección a través de las ventanas determinadas por las aberturas 22. La propia chapa perforada caliente transmite calor al exterior por radiación.The distance "d" between the sheet constituting the fairing and the edge of the fin 20 must be tending to zero, in order to achieve a good thermal contact and to collaborate the perforated metal sheet to dissipate the heat additional to the convection through the windows determined by the openings 22. The hot perforated sheet itself transmits heat to the outside by radiation.
Las aberturas 22 pueden estar practicadas en las 4 caras del carenado 21 ó sólo en 3 de sus caras siendo Ia cuarta cara, en este caso Ia frontal, opaca, sin pérdida de rendimiento apreciable. Las aberturas 22 pueden ser rectangulares, como en el caso representado en Ia Fig. 6, ovaladas, circulares o de toda otra forma adecuada.The openings 22 can be made in the 4 faces of the fairing 21 or only in 3 of its faces, the fourth face being, in this case the frontal, opaque, without appreciable loss of performance. The openings 22 can be rectangular, as in the case shown in Fig. 6, oval, circular or in any other suitable way.
Entenderán los expertos en Ia técnica que Ia instalación de Ia presente invención permite obtener importantes ventajas de tipo técnico-funcional y económico. De entre las ventajas de tipo técnico-funcional cabe destacar las siguientes:Experts in the art will understand that the installation of the present invention allows obtaining important technical and functional and economic advantages. Among the technical-functional advantages, the following should be noted:
i) evita los habituales e inconvenientes sobrecalentamientos en verano de esta clase de instalaciones con sus innumerables consecuencias negativas, tales como:i) avoid the usual and inconvenient overheating in summer of this kind of facilities with its innumerable negative consequences, such as:
- vasos de expansión cerrados sobredimensionados y perdidas de agua y anti- congelante;- oversized closed expansion vessels and lost water and antifreeze;
- degradación de las superficies selectivas de los colectores;- degradation of the selective surfaces of the collectors;
- incomodidades en cubrir manualmente las superficies de los colectores solares;- discomforts in manually covering the surfaces of solar collectors;
- instalación de depósitos suplementarios; electrobombas y electroventiladores con su correspondiente dependencia y consumos de suministro eléctrico;- installation of supplementary deposits; electric pumps and electric fans with their corresponding dependence and consumption of electricity supply;
- formación de incrustaciones y corrosiones; cavitación de bombas; etc.- formation of scale and corrosion; pump cavitation; etc.
ii) el sistema cumple con total fiabilidad Ia limitación de temperatura de Ia norma española y europea UNE-EN 12828, sin depender de ninguna clase de electro- automatismos, ni del suministro de energía eléctrica.ii) the system fully complies with the temperature limitation of the Spanish and European standard UNE-EN 12828, without relying on any kind of electro-automatisms, nor on the supply of electrical energy.
Las principales ventajas económicas de Ia presente invención son:The main economic advantages of the present invention are:
a) este sistema elimina el coste directo de toda clase de purgadores automáti- eos y manuales de aire y gases y depósitos de expansión cerrados de grandes dimensiones; b) el sistema admite, como cualquier instalación domestica de fontanería, Ia soldadura de tubos y accesorios de cobre por capilaridad (estaño-plata) en lugar de soldadura fuerte a Ia plata de muy elevado precio tanto en material de aportación co- mo en su ejecución por personal cualificado; c) mínimo coste de instalación, al no requerir conexiones de válvulas en los modos de ejecución con carenado, y de transporte, por Ia mayor compacidad y el menor número de bultos requerido; y d) mínimo coste de mantenimiento, limitado a simples supervisiones. a) this system eliminates the direct cost of all kinds of automatic and manual air and gas traps and large expansion tanks; b) the system admits, like any domestic plumbing installation, the welding of copper pipes and fittings by capillarity (tin-silver) instead of strong welding to the silver of very high price both in material of contribution as in its execution by qualified personnel; c) minimum installation cost, since no valve connections are required in the execution modes with fairing, and transport, due to the greater compactness and the lower number of packages required; and d) minimum maintenance cost, limited to simple supervision.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, por cuyo interior circula un fluido ca- ioportador y que están asociados formando una batería de colectores solares, en co- nexión con consumos o intercambiadores (15) de calor de una instalación de calefacción, agua caliente sanitaria o similar, y unos medios limitadores de Ia temperatura, que comprenden un disipador de calor (10), dispuesto en paralelo con los colectores solares (1 ), caracterizado porque tanto Ia conexión de ida (23) del disipador como Ia conexión de retorno (24) al mismo están dispuestas por Ia parte superior de los colec- tores solares planos.1.- System of flat solar collectors, through which a heat transfer fluid circulates and which are associated forming a battery of solar collectors, in connection with consumptions or heat exchangers (15) of a heating installation, hot water sanitary or similar, and temperature limiting means, comprising a heat sink (10), arranged in parallel with the solar collectors (1), characterized in that both the inlet connection (23) of the heatsink and the return connection (24) thereto are arranged by the upper part of the flat solar collectors.
2.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque comprende al menos dos colectores solares planos (1 ) dispuestos en paralelo.2. System of flat solar collectors, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two flat solar collectors (1) arranged in parallel.
3.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 2, caracteri- zado porque entre Ia salida del disipador (10) y Ia entrada a los colectores comprende una válvula de retención (9).3.- System of flat solar collectors, according to claim 2, characterized in that between the outlet of the heatsink (10) and the entrance to the collectors comprises a check valve (9).
4.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque comprende al menos una válvula termostática (12) de sensor, incorporada entre el disipador de calor (10) y al menos una salida serie de Ia batería de colecto- res solares (1), estando dicho sensor de temperatura (17) incorporado en Ia vía de en medio de Ia "T" formada a Ia salida de Ia batería de colectores.4.- Flat solar collector system, according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises at least one thermostatic sensor valve (12), incorporated between the heat sink (10) and at least one serial output of the battery of collectors solar (1), said temperature sensor (17) being incorporated in the path in the middle of the "T" formed at the outlet of the collector battery.
5.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque comprende al menos dos colectores solares planos (1 ) dispuestos en serie. 5. System of flat solar collectors, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two flat solar collectors (1) arranged in series.
6.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque entre la salida del disipador (10) y Ia entrada a los colectores comprende una válvula de retención (9).6. System of flat solar collectors, according to claim 5, characterized in that between the outlet of the heatsink (10) and the entrance to the collectors comprises a check valve (9).
7.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque comprende al menos una válvula termostática (12) de sensor, incorpora- da entre el disipador de calor (10) y al menos una salida serie de Ia batería de colectores solares (1 ), estando dicho sensor de temperatura (17) incorporado en Ia vía de en medio de Ia "T" formada a Ia salida de Ia batería de colectores.7.- Flat solar collector system, according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one thermostatic sensor valve (12), incorporated between the heat sink (10) and at least one serial output of the collector battery solar (1), said temperature sensor (17) being incorporated in the path in the middle of the "T" formed at the outlet of the collector battery.
8.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque comprende al menos tres colectores solares planos (1 ) en serie, y una correspondiente válvula termostática (12) que comunica Ia entrada de cada colector (1 ) de Ia serie con un punto (25) asociado del disipador de calor.8.- System of flat solar collectors, according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises at least three flat solar collectors (1) in series, and one corresponding thermostatic valve (12) that communicates the input of each manifold (1) of the series with an associated point (25) of the heat sink.
9.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el disipador de calor es un intercambiador de calor (10) de aletas (20).9. A flat solar collector system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat sink is a fin heat exchanger (10) (20).
10.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el disipador (10) comprende un carenado envolvente (21 ) que Io encierra.10.- System of flat solar collectors, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatsink (10) comprises an enveloping fairing (21) that encloses it.
1 1.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 10, caracte- rizado porque dicho carenado (21 ) está dotado de aberturas (22) de ventilación en al menos una de sus caras.1 1. A flat solar collector system, according to claim 10, characterized in that said fairing (21) is provided with ventilation openings (22) on at least one of its faces.
12.- Sistema de colectores solares planos, según Ia reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dicho carenado (21 ) encierra Ia válvula de retención (9) y/o válvula termostática (12). 12. System of flat solar collectors, according to claim 10, characterized in that said fairing (21) encloses the check valve (9) and / or thermostatic valve (12).
PCT/ES2006/000452 2005-08-08 2006-08-01 Solar collector system WO2007017541A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ESESP200501996 2005-08-08
ES200501996A ES2272174B1 (en) 2005-08-08 2005-08-08 SYSTEM OF FLAT SOLAR COLLECTORS.

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WO2007017541A3 WO2007017541A3 (en) 2007-04-19

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2503261A4 (en) * 2009-11-19 2017-01-18 José María Torrens Rasal Solar collector with heat sink

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009063117A1 (en) * 2007-11-12 2009-05-22 Torrens Rasal Jose Maria Hydraulic manifold for solar collectors with heat dissipater to prevent overheating
ES2338086B8 (en) 2008-10-30 2011-07-29 Tecnica En Instalaciones De Fluidos Sl VERSATILE THERMAL SOLAR SYSTEM OF HOT WATER PRODUCTION UNTIL HIGH TEMPERATURE.

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AU1485283A (en) * 1982-05-25 1983-12-01 Actrol Industries Pty. Ltd. Valve for solar heating system
US5806511A (en) * 1995-01-13 1998-09-15 Hart; Douglas Robinson Sanford Method and apparatus to provide freeze protection for solar water heating systems
EP1167893A2 (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-02 Friedrich Udo Müller Apparatus for heating or cooling of a liquid medium, more particularly solar collector , and valve for use in such an apparatus
WO2006032083A1 (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Rheem Australia Pty Limited Overtemperature protection system

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AU1485283A (en) * 1982-05-25 1983-12-01 Actrol Industries Pty. Ltd. Valve for solar heating system
US5806511A (en) * 1995-01-13 1998-09-15 Hart; Douglas Robinson Sanford Method and apparatus to provide freeze protection for solar water heating systems
EP1167893A2 (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-02 Friedrich Udo Müller Apparatus for heating or cooling of a liquid medium, more particularly solar collector , and valve for use in such an apparatus
WO2006032083A1 (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Rheem Australia Pty Limited Overtemperature protection system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2503261A4 (en) * 2009-11-19 2017-01-18 José María Torrens Rasal Solar collector with heat sink

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ES2272174A1 (en) 2007-04-16
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