WO2007014960A1 - Dispositif pour determiner la temperature d'un gaz - Google Patents

Dispositif pour determiner la temperature d'un gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007014960A1
WO2007014960A1 PCT/EP2006/064975 EP2006064975W WO2007014960A1 WO 2007014960 A1 WO2007014960 A1 WO 2007014960A1 EP 2006064975 W EP2006064975 W EP 2006064975W WO 2007014960 A1 WO2007014960 A1 WO 2007014960A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
radiation
arrangement according
radiation source
detection device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/064975
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Maximilian Fleischer
Rainer Strzoda
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to EP06792654A priority Critical patent/EP1910787A1/fr
Publication of WO2007014960A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007014960A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0014—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation from gases, flames
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0896—Optical arrangements using a light source, e.g. for illuminating a surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for determining the gas temperature of a gas according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a use of the arrangement for determining the gas temperature of a gas.
  • Objects for example, receives an opposite wall and therefore mainly a statement about the temperature of this wall allows, but not about the temperature of the gas to be measured.
  • thermocouples Another known method of measuring gas temperature is the use of thermocouples. These have the disadvantage that the gas temperature can only be determined selectively at the locations where thermocouples are mounted. Furthermore, thermocouples have the disadvantage that due to the low heat capacity of gases and the necessary mechanical suspension of a thermocouple, a measurement error caused by heat conduction through the suspension. A third disadvantage of thermocouples is that they must be in direct contact with the gas to be measured and therefore relatively quickly destroyed under extreme conditions such as a corrosive gas or high temperature and are therefore poorly suited for continuous measurement.
  • thermocouples More suitable as a pyrometer or thermocouples is therefore the known way to determine the gas temperature by means of absorption spectroscopy.
  • electromagnetic radiation in many cases in the near infrared range, is passed through the gas. As it passes through the gas, part of the radiation is absorbed by the gas and the radiation intensity arriving at a receiver is thereby reduced.
  • absorption lines i. in narrow wavelength ranges, instead.
  • absorption lines occur in large numbers.
  • the strength of the absorption in the individual lines is primarily dependent on the type of gas, its concentration and the wavelength of the radiation. Furthermore, the absorption is also dependent on the temperature of the gas. In addition, the change in absorption at a
  • the temperature measurement it is sufficient for the temperature measurement to measure the absorption of two arbitrary lines with different temperature response, and to use the temperature-dependent ratio as a measure of the temperature.
  • Tunable laser diodes are preferably used to generate the electromagnetic radiation.
  • Tunable laser diodes are those laser diodes in which the wavelength of the emitted radiation can be changed (tuned). A change is usually caused by a change in the temperature or the operating current of the laser diode or a combination of these two parameters. Since the tuning range of the Laser diodes is generally limited, you need in the case of temperature measurement with laser diodes usually two lasers in order to use the optimal absorption lines for the measurement can. In favorable cases, such as the absorption spectrum of water, the measurement is also possible with a laser diode.
  • the known methods of spectroscopy with laser diodes are available.
  • WMS derivative spectroscopy
  • a laser diode is periodically tuned, i. the emission wavelength is periodically modulated over a certain interval.
  • the laser current is an i. A. superimposed sinusoidal small signal modulation.
  • the receiver current at the detector after the absorption measuring section is converted into a voltage, amplified and narrow-band, phase-sensitive detected at the frequency of the small signal modulation (If) and the double frequency (2f). The resulting signal a
  • Absorption line corresponds approximately to the first and the second derivative of the absorption curve. From the IF signal, one obtains a signal proportional to the received power. The 2f signal is proportional to the received power and the gas concentration. By normalizing the 2f signal with the lf signal, one obtains a quantity which is only proportional to the gas concentration. This procedure is applied to both lines intended for temperature measurement. The ratio of the two absorptions is proportional to the gas temperature, but independent of the current one
  • a disadvantage of absorption spectroscopy is that the laser diodes and detectors used are sensitive and not to high temperatures or corrosive environments be exposed. This disadvantage is usually circumvented by the fact that both the laser diodes and the detectors are mounted outside a gas container and the path of the electromagnetic radiation passes through windows in the wall of the gas container. In each case, a correspondingly configured window is provided in the wall for the entry and exit of the radiation.
  • the object underlying the invention is to provide an improvement in temperature measurement with absorption spectroscopy.
  • Gas container determined, wherein at least one radiation source for the emission of radiation is used and at least one detection device for receiving the radiation.
  • the radiation source and the detection device are arranged outside the gas container. Furthermore, there is a
  • Evaluation device for determining the gas temperature from the radiation received by the detection device used. Furthermore, there is at least one bidirectional input / output device in the wall of the gas container. The radiation source and the detection device are arranged in such a way to the input / output device that the radiation reflected in the gas container is received by the detection device.
  • the arrangement according to the invention has the advantage that the number of required input / output devices is reduced. For example, for a radiation source and for a detection device, only one more input has to be provided.
  • the gas present in the gas container can be a single gas, for example oxygen, but also a mixture of several types of gas of different concentrations or partial pressures, for example carbon dioxide, oxygen and gaseous water.
  • the gas container can be of various shapes, for example, the envelope of a gas turbine or a gas pipe leading. It is not necessary that the gas container is closed, for example, comes as a gas container and the envelope of a jet engine of an aircraft in question.
  • all radiation emitting devices in question for example, laser diodes, light-emitting diodes but also lamps, such as incandescent or mercury vapor lamps.
  • Other possible radiation sources are single-mode VCSELs (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers) and optical parametric oscillators.
  • the radiation emitted by the radiation source must fall at least partially into an area which is absorbed by a part of the gas to be measured in the gas container. This is usually radiation ranging from microwaves to ultraviolet.
  • the detection device in turn must be able to convert a change in intensity of the radiation through the gas into another form, for example into an electrical signal.
  • the detection device may, for example, be a semiconductor detector, e.g. a photodiode or a photoresistor.
  • a pyroelectric detector or a thermopile detector are also possible detection devices.
  • An example of a detector is a so-called MCT detector, i. a mercury
  • Cadmium telluride photoresistor As a diode, for example, an InGaAs diode can be used.
  • the radiation source and the detection device must be arranged outside the gas container. Is this
  • Detection device from the influences of the gas such. the high temperature or the corrosive action of the gas must be protected. In the case of the jet engine, they must be located on the side of the engine body, ie outside the exiting gas stream.
  • the evaluation device for determining the gas temperature of the gas from the radiation received by the detection device may, for example, be a computer with software or a dedicated electronic unit with a microprocessor.
  • the evaluation device is designed such that the gas temperature is determined by means of a known evaluation method from the recorded radiation intensities.
  • the bidirectional input / output device in a wall of the gas container may for example be a window. It must be at least partially permeable to the radiation emitted by the radiation source, both into the gas container and out of the gas container.
  • the radiation emitted by the radiation source is reflected in the gas container at least once.
  • the reflection can be at any inner surface of the
  • Gas container take place.
  • the reflection in a gas turbine may take place on a part of the axis of the turbine.
  • Another example is the reflection at a location of the inner wall of the gas container.
  • An advantageous embodiment and development of the invention results from the fact that an inner surface of the gas container has at least partially at least low reflection properties.
  • Another possibility is to design the inner surface of the gas container in such a way that contamination that occurs elsewhere is prevented in the long term, for example by a heater which prevents sooting.
  • the inner surface can only diffusely reflect. This results in the advantage that no special treatment of the inner surface is necessary and in environments with high demands, for example. Gas turbines with high pressures and / or temperatures, the necessary surfaces, such as ceramic coatings, regardless of their reflectivity can be used.
  • a further advantageous embodiment and development of the invention is that the inner surface is mirrored or as a retroreflector, i. as a reflector that reflects light in the direction from which it is incident.
  • the VerLiteung can be done for example by polishing the inner surface or by a corresponding paint.
  • the inner surface lies on the inside of a wall of the gas container.
  • the inner surface may lie on another surface in the gas container.
  • This can be, for example, the axis of a gas turbine located in the gas container.
  • a radial light path here is a path from the edge to the center of the gas container, that is, for example, from the edge to the axis of a gas turbine.
  • the radiation source is designed such that the radiation is monochromatic.
  • Monochromatic here means that the spectral width of the radiation is substantially smaller than the line width of an absorption line of the absorbing gas. This can be done, for example, by using laser diodes or tunable laser diodes as the radiation sources. But it is also possible to use filters in conjunction with broadband emitting radiation sources. This results in the advantage that the evaluation is simplified by the small width of the emitted radiation.
  • Development of the invention comes as a radiation source laser diode used, in particular a tunable laser diode.
  • a further advantageous embodiment and development of the invention results from the fact that two laser diodes are used as the radiation source.
  • the evaluation device is designed such that the gas temperature is determined by means of the known derivative spectroscopy. This results in the advantage that the determination of the gas temperature of the gas is simplified.
  • a further advantageous embodiment and development of the invention results from the fact that outside the gas container means for conducting radiation, in particular optical waveguides are arranged, for guiding the radiation from the input / output device to Detection device and / or from the radiation source to the input / output device.
  • optical waveguides Advantage of the use of optical waveguides is further that absorption outside the gas container is excluded by there existing gases.
  • a further advantageous embodiment and development of the invention consists in that a plurality of radiation sources and detection devices are used.
  • a detection device receives the radiation of a plurality of radiation sources, for example a detection device for two radiation sources.
  • Gas can be measured at several points within the gas container and thus a more accurate temperature profile can be determined.
  • a further advantageous embodiment and development of the invention results from the fact that exactly one radiation source and exactly one detection device as well as a plurality of input / output devices and optical waveguides are used to guide the radiation between the radiation source and the detection device and input / output device. This results in the advantage that with only one radiation source and only one detection device, the gas temperature can be measured at several locations in the gas container.
  • the radiation source and the detection device are arranged in a rotating element, wherein the gas container encloses the element at least partially.
  • the rotating element may for example be the hub of a rotating gas turbine.
  • the advantage of the arrangement of radiation source and detection device in the rotating element is that the temperature can be measured at many points within the gas container by measuring at different times and this can be done with only one radiation source and only one detection device.
  • a further advantage is that the number of points at which the temperature of the gas container is measured can be varied by varying the time interval between individual measurements with the existing arrangement.
  • the evaluation device can be designed so that the concentration of one, several or all components of the gas is determined.
  • information about the composition of the gas is therefore also advantageously available.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement with a radiation source of a detection device and a window
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement with a radiation source of a detection device with four windows and optical waveguides
  • FIG 3 shows an arrangement with a radiation source and a detection device in a rotating element.
  • FIG. 1 the cross section of a gas-carrying tube R is shown. Outside the tube is located as a radiation source S, a laser diode that emits laser radiation L in the direction of the tube R.
  • the emitted radiation L enters through a window F in a wall of the pipe R in the gas-carrying pipe R, where it is reflected on the inside of the wall, in turn, passes through the window F and strikes a semiconductor detector E.
  • the gas carried in the pipe R contains oxygen. Therefore, the absorption of oxygen can be used to determine the gas temperature. Therefore, in turn, a single tunable laser diode as the light source is sufficient in this case.
  • the radiation L emitted by the laser diode S must be light in the wavelength range of approximately 762 nm. Since light with radiation of 762 nm wavelength is distant red light, a normal glass window suffices as window F. In an alternative embodiment, where the gas is very hot or under high pressure, another type of window must be used, for example, a thick quartz window. The radiation L is at the window F opposite inner wall of the
  • Tube R reflects.
  • the inner wall of the tube R is not specially prepared for this purpose. Rather, the diffuse reflection of the metal wall is sufficient.
  • the wall is specially polished at least at the location which serves for the reflection, in order to achieve a specular reflection.
  • a reflector attached to achieve very good reflection is at the appropriate spot.
  • the laser diode S is now set alternately to the wavelength of two absorption peaks of the oxygen.
  • Semiconductor detector E takes in each case the intensity of the light L after passing through the gas and thus determines the strength of the absorption. From the ratio of the absorption at both wavelengths, the temperature of the gas in the tube R is determined therefrom with the aid of a characteristic curve. The temperature thus determined corresponds to an average temperature along the light path through the gas.
  • the gas temperature of the gas in the tube R is highly inhomogeneous. This can e.g. occur when the flame in one of the combustion chambers fails.
  • a further pair of radiation source, ie laser diode, and radiation detector is added to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • the arrangement of the second radiation source, the second detector and the associated second window in the wall of the tube is offset by 90 ° to the first group of these elements. There are thus two beam paths for the radiation through the tube, which are each offset by 90 ° to each other, and we obtain a more accurate temperature profile by two temperature averages.
  • FIG. 2 Further advantages of the invention can be seen from the arrangement according to FIG. 2, in which again a radiation source S consisting of two laser diodes is used. Furthermore, a detector E is used, and in this case four windows F in the wall of the gas container R.
  • the gas container R is in this case a tube R with a gas turbine mounted centrally in the tube R.
  • the four windows F are in turn mounted in the wall of the tube at 90 ° to the gas turbine around, so that radiation L, the falls vertically through a window F, hits the axis A of the gas turbine.
  • four optical fibers guide optical fiber from the light source to the four windows F and four more fiber optic fibers back from the four windows F to the detector.
  • the arrangement of light source S and detector E with respect to the tube is almost arbitrary.
  • the light is successively passed through the four windows F and reflected respectively on the axis A of the gas turbine and out of the window F back to the detector E.
  • the axis A of the gas turbine in turn is equipped in this case with retroreflectors to achieve a good reflection.
  • the temperature along four light paths, which are offset by 90 °, between window F and axis A of the gas turbine can be determined sequentially.
  • the use of the optical waveguide fiber eliminates interference by existing outside of the gas pipe gases.
  • only a single window can be used in the gas turbine, together with a radiation source and a detector.
  • Gas container measured to the axis of the gas turbine out As in the other embodiments, the measured temperature corresponds to a mean temperature along the path through which the radiation passes.
  • two windows are used together with a radiation source and a detector.
  • the radiation enters through one of the windows and after the reflection on the axis of the gas turbine through the other window again out.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment according to FIG. 3 again shows a gas-carrying tube R. Located in the middle of the tube is a rotating continuation A of the axis of a gas turbine. Within this continuation A, in this exemplary embodiment, the radiation source S and the detector E are located. In a wall of this continuation A, the window F is located in this case, which allows the passage of the radiation L into the gas pipe R.
  • the time interval of the measurements is selected so that a temperature value is determined for every 10 degrees of angle.
  • any other value for the distance of the measurements, or a variable adjustment of the distance For example, it could be decided on the basis of previous measurement results to measure a certain angular range more accurately than other angular ranges.
  • the time interval can also be selected fixed so that the angular distance of the individual measuring points depends on the rotational speed of the gas turbine.
  • the measuring method may be at high pressures and / or
  • Temperatures are used. Especially when used with gas turbines as in the examples according to FIGS. 2 and 3, pressures> 10 bar and gas temperatures> 1000 ° C. can occur.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La détermination de la température d'un gaz dans un récipient à gaz fait intervenir l'utilisation d'au moins une source de rayonnement et d'au moins un dispositif de détection destiné à recevoir le rayonnement émis par la source. La source de rayonnement et le dispositif de détection se trouvent à l'extérieur du récipient à gaz. De plus, un dispositif d'évaluation est utilisé pour déterminer la température du gaz à partir du rayonnement reçu par le dispositif de détection. Au moins un dispositif d'entrée / sortie bidirectionnel se trouve dans la paroi du récipient à gaz. La source de rayonnement et le dispositif de détection sont disposés par rapport au dispositif d'entrée / sortie de sorte que le rayonnement réfléchi dans le récipient à gaz, est reçu par le dispositif de détection.
PCT/EP2006/064975 2005-08-03 2006-08-02 Dispositif pour determiner la temperature d'un gaz WO2007014960A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06792654A EP1910787A1 (fr) 2005-08-03 2006-08-02 Dispositif pour determiner la temperature d'un gaz

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005036525.6 2005-08-03
DE102005036525A DE102005036525B3 (de) 2005-08-03 2005-08-03 Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Gastemperatur eines Gases sowie Verwendung der Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Gastemperatur eines Gases

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007014960A1 true WO2007014960A1 (fr) 2007-02-08

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PCT/EP2006/064975 WO2007014960A1 (fr) 2005-08-03 2006-08-02 Dispositif pour determiner la temperature d'un gaz

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EP (1) EP1910787A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005036525B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007014960A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011053267A1 (de) 2010-09-13 2012-03-15 General Electric Company Heißgastemperaturmessung in einer Gasturbine unter Verwendung von durchstimmbarem Diodenlaser
US8790006B2 (en) 2009-11-30 2014-07-29 General Electric Company Multiwavelength thermometer
CN104180927A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2014-12-03 洛阳市西格马炉业有限公司 一种超高温炉膛标准温度的测定平台以及测定方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4769705B2 (ja) * 2006-12-18 2011-09-07 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排気ガスの温度分析装置、排気ガス温度分析方法、及び、温度分析プログラム
DE102017201334A1 (de) * 2017-01-27 2018-08-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur berührungslosen Messung von Gastemperaturprofilen, insbesondere in einer Gasturbine

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US5241367A (en) * 1990-02-03 1993-08-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for measuring the composition of fluids, in particular the components of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
US5572031A (en) * 1994-11-23 1996-11-05 Sri International Pressure- and temperature-compensating oxygen sensor
EP0922908A1 (fr) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-16 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO Méthode et dispositif pour déterminer la concentration de substances chimiques et la température dans la chambre de combustion d'un appareil thermique
DE19944006A1 (de) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-22 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Verfahren zum Analysieren und ständigen Überwachen von Abgasparametern in Triebwerken von Flugzeugen während des Flugs
WO2002095376A2 (fr) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-28 Esytec Energie- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Procede et dispositif de caracterisation globale et de controle des gaz d'echappement et du reglage de moteurs, en particulier de moteurs a combustion interne, ainsi que d'elements structuraux pour le traitement posterieur des gaz d'echappement

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DE19809791C1 (de) * 1998-03-09 1999-07-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren zum ortsaufgelösten Messen der Temperatur in einem Medium
DE19840794C1 (de) * 1998-09-08 2000-03-23 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung von Infrarot-Strahlungseigenschaften von Abgasen
EP1065346A1 (fr) * 1999-07-02 2001-01-03 Asea Brown Boveri AG Chambre de combustion pour une turbine à gaz

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US5572031A (en) * 1994-11-23 1996-11-05 Sri International Pressure- and temperature-compensating oxygen sensor
EP0922908A1 (fr) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-16 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO Méthode et dispositif pour déterminer la concentration de substances chimiques et la température dans la chambre de combustion d'un appareil thermique
DE19944006A1 (de) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-22 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Verfahren zum Analysieren und ständigen Überwachen von Abgasparametern in Triebwerken von Flugzeugen während des Flugs
WO2002095376A2 (fr) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-28 Esytec Energie- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Procede et dispositif de caracterisation globale et de controle des gaz d'echappement et du reglage de moteurs, en particulier de moteurs a combustion interne, ainsi que d'elements structuraux pour le traitement posterieur des gaz d'echappement

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Title
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8790006B2 (en) 2009-11-30 2014-07-29 General Electric Company Multiwavelength thermometer
DE102011053267A1 (de) 2010-09-13 2012-03-15 General Electric Company Heißgastemperaturmessung in einer Gasturbine unter Verwendung von durchstimmbarem Diodenlaser
CN104180927A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2014-12-03 洛阳市西格马炉业有限公司 一种超高温炉膛标准温度的测定平台以及测定方法

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EP1910787A1 (fr) 2008-04-16
DE102005036525B3 (de) 2006-11-09

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