Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
  • A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
  • A23C9/1526—Amino acids; Peptides; Protein hydrolysates; Nucleic acids; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23C21/00—Whey; Whey preparations
  • A23C21/08—Whey; Whey preparations containing other organic additives, e.g. vegetable or animal products
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
  • A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
  • A23C9/158—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives containing vitamins or antibiotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/15—Vitamins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
  • A23L33/175—Amino acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/13—Amines
  • A61K31/155—Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
  • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
  • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/205—Amine addition salts of organic acids; Inner quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. betaine, carnitine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/08—Solutions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
  • A61P21/06—Anabolic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

• the present invention is a novel preparation for human nutrition, which contains as a nutritionally active ingredient a guanidinoacetic acid component and a methyl group donor from the series choline, methionine or betaine.
• Guanidinoacetic acid was first isolated from the urine of dogs and humans by C. J. Weber in 1934. Weber already suggested that it is the metabolic precursor of creatine (Weber, C.J., Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. And Med., 33, 172 (1934)).
• guanidinoacetic acid is indeed a naturally occurring substance in animals and also in humans, which plays a central role in the biosynthesis of creatine.
• Creatine can be absorbed by food as well as endogenously produced. Creatine biosynthesis is based on glycine and L-arginine.
• the guanidino group of L-arginine is cleaved by the enzyme aminotransferase and an N-C-N group is transferred to the glycine.
• the L-arginine is converted into L-ornithine.
• the guanidinoacetic acid thus formed is converted in the next step, in vertebrates this happens exclusively in the liver, with the help of the enzyme transmethylase in creatine.
• S-adenosylmethionine serves as a methyl group donor.
• the creatine then diffuses into the bloodstream and is thus transported to the target organs. The transport through the cell membrane into the cells happens here through a specific creatine transporter.
• Creatine plays an important role in the energy metabolism of the cell, serving as a high-energy phosphocreatine in addition to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) represents an essential energy reserve of the muscle.
• ATP adenosine triphosphate
• Creatine plays an essential energy reserve of the muscle.
• ATP can transfer to creatine a phosphate group, forming phosphocreatine, which is then in direct equilibrium with ATP.
• the phosphocreatine is available in the first few seconds of maximum muscle load.
• a phosphate group can be transferred to adenosine diphosphate in a very rapid reaction by the enzyme creatine kinase and thus ATP can be reformed. This is also called Lohmann reaction.
• Creatine has long been known as a suitable food supplement and feed. In strong and prolonged muscle work, the naturally present in the body creatine reserves are quickly exhausted. For this reason, targeted creatine additions have had a positive effect on endurance and performance, especially in competitive athletes, whereby undesired enrichment processes in the body or adverse degradation products are unknown. The reason for this is that creatine is excreted from the body through the kidneys when it is over-supplied. Furthermore, creatine is converted at a constant rate into the cyclic waste product creatinine, which is also excreted via the kidneys. This is thus a second metabolic pathway.
• creatine supplementation leads to an increase in body mass. This is initially due to an increased intake of water in the muscle. In the long term, however, creatine indirectly leads to an increase in muscle mass through increased protein synthesis and / or decreased protein catabolism in the myofibrils (Int J Sports Med 21 (2000), 139-145). The result is an increased fat-free body mass.
• Creatine is also found to have positive effects on humans in animals, which is why its use in various animal feeds has also been adequately described.
• international patent application WO 00/67 590 describes the use of creatine or creatine salts as feed additive for breeding and fattening animals, as a substitute for meat-and-bone meal, fish meal and / or antimicrobial performance enhancers, growth hormones and anabolic steroids.
• GB 2 300 103 teaches the use of creatine in the form of a biscuit, for which the creatine monohydrate is offered together with meat in an extruded mass.
• creatine monohydrate is insufficiently bioavailable due to its poor solubility, its combined use with other physiologically active compounds, preferably in salt form, is recommended.
• German Offenlegungsschrift DE 198 36 450 A1 relates to the use of stable pyruvic acid salts and in particular of creatine pyruvate in formulations which are suitable for animal nutrition.
• DE 100 03 835 A1 relates to formulations in dehydration states, as they generally occur in the elderly and in particular those with limited mobility.
• creatine acts as a transport medium for water to provide moisture to the tissues most affected by dehydration.
• creatine In addition to its undoubted positive physiological properties, creatine also has the disadvantage that as creatine monohydrate in aqueous solutions it has no pronounced stability, whereby it is converted into creatinine.
• the rate of degradation depends on the pH of the solution and the temperature, the concentration is irrelevant. Especially in the acidic pH range, this degradation to creatinine is very fast.
• creatine is already converted into creatinine after more than 20% after 3 days, thus losing its physiological effect. For example, a pH of 3.5 sets one for a soft drink Due to the rapid breakdown of creatine in this environment, the use of creatine, in particular creatine monohydrate, in aqueous or moist formulations for human and animal nutrition is practically impossible.
• guanidinoacetic acid in the body is converted into creatine.
• WO 91/07954 describes the use of guanidinoacetic acid in physiological conditions which require an increase in creatine level.
• Guanidinoacetic acid is also known to have antibacterial activity and has been successfully used in animal studies against bacterial infections (Staphyllococcus aureus) (Preparation for protecting mammals against infection) (Stanley Drug Products Inc., USA) .Neth. Appl. , 7 pp. NL 7411216).
• guanidinoacetic acid exerts its maximum effect even at a dosage at which creatine leads to no observable effect.
• the improved weight gain and better feed utilization at very low dosage is associated with a high conversion rate of the ingested guanidinoacetic acid in creatine to explain.
• an addition of 0.032% guanidinoacetic acid to the chicken feed resulted in a weight gain of 3% and an improved feed conversion of 3% (WO 2005/120246 A1). This is also consistent with the observation that the enzyme transmethylase is found in very high concentrations in the liver.
• the object of the present invention is to find aqueous formulations for human nutrition which, if possible, have a low instability in industrial processing processes. Furthermore, they should withstand high processing temperatures, such as occur during sterilization, unscathed and be stable in storage for several months in industrially produced ready-to-drink beverages. Furthermore, unlike creatine, the compound should survive the acidic environment of the stomach unscathed and be converted into creatine only after ingestion into the body. The used formulation should not even Physiologically unfavorable effects unfold and be easily detected. From the economic point of view, it was important for the substances to be used according to the invention to produce them in an economically favorable manner.
• This object has been achieved by providing a liquid formulation consisting of an aqueous solution of at least one guanidinoacetic acid component and a methyl group donor from the series choline, methionine and betaine.
• the present invention provides guanidinoacetic acid and / or at least one salt, an addition or complex compound thereof.
• guanidinoacetic acid component compounds between guanidinoacetic acid and malic acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, succinic acid, pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid, oxalic acid, pyroglutamic acid, 3-nicotinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, Acetic acid, formic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-camitine, taurine, betaine, choline, methionine and lipoic acid and sodium, potassium or calcium.
• the ratio of guanidinoacetic acid component to methyl group donor can be varied within wide limits. However, it has proved to be particularly advantageous to use the guanidinoacetic acid component and the methyl group donor in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1.
• the liquid formulation according to the invention particularly preferably has a water content of ⁇ 10% by weight, in particular ⁇ 20% by weight, based on the total weight.
• the proposed formulation is not limited to the guanidinoacetic acid component as the sole active ingredient.
• the present invention also provides a variant in which the formulation may contain other physiologically active compounds selected from the series of carbohydrates, fats, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and their derivatives and mixtures.
• guanidinoacetic acid Compared to creatine, guanidinoacetic acid has a lower solubility in water (3.8 g per liter at room temperature). However, this is not disadvantageous for the claimed preparation since guanidinoacetic acid already exerts its effect in a significantly lower dosage range than creatine monohydrate. While daily doses of 5 to 20 g are common for creatine monohydrate, pronounced positive effects were already observed when administering a daily dose of 2 g guanidinoacetic acid (Borsook H. Borsook ME: The biochemical basis of betaine-glycocyamine therapy.) In: Annais of western mediane and surgery 5 (10), 825, 1951).
• a physiologically useful daily dose of the guanidinoacetic acid component can be incorporated without problems even in half a liter of an aqueous beverage. Due to the recent increase in the supply of suitable guanidinoacetic acid salts, however, solutions with significantly higher concentrations of the guanidinoacetic acid component are also possible. Due to the unexpected positive properties of the present invention takes into account as another variant the possibility that the preparation is present as mineral water, lemonade, sports, mineral, fruit, fruit juice, milk, whey or alcoholic beverage or as a drinking water preparation.
• the formulation is not limited with respect to the guanidinoacetic acid component, wherein in particular the amounts of the guanidinoacetic acid component in which it can be present in the preparation is not limiting.
• amounts are recommended which are between 0.01 and 4 wt .-%. Particular preference is given to amounts between 2.5 and 4.0% by weight and in particular 3.8% by weight.
• the present invention also contemplates the use of the claimed preparation as a physiological tonic and, in this context, particularly in the form of a functional food for humans, with emphasis on the school, sports, convalescence and / or geriatrics sectors.
• the proposed formulation whose aqueous solution has a preferred pH range between 2.5 and 11, and its use, represents a further development of the prior art with respect to the free guanidinoacetic acid and its salts and addition compounds in combination with a methyl group donor from the choline series It is now possible to use these compounds not only in dry preparations, but also as storage-stable solutions, the proposed formulations are also very suitable for the industrial production of beverages. Guanidinoacetic acid and its salts, as well Attachment or complex compounds are also stable for several months in the new formulations and, moreover, they can be delivered to the body in excellent bioavailability, with the particular administered guanidinoacetic acid component in the body being very rapidly converted to creatine.
• compositions of savory formulations are incorporated at room temperature in 500 ml of fruit juice and / or water and / or yoghurt and / or whey.
• the storage stability of creatine was determined in comparison to a mixture of 4 parts by weight of guanidinoacetic acid and 6 parts by weight of betaine in aqueous solution at pH 3.5 and room temperature: while creatine already exceeds 20% after 3 days
• creatine already exceeds 20% after 3 days
• Betaine is completely stable under the specified conditions.

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• 2006
  • 2006-08-01 PL PL06776542T patent/PL1909601T3/pl unknown
  • 2006-08-01 EP EP06776542.0A patent/EP1909601B1/de active Active
  • 2006-08-01 RU RU2008108004/13A patent/RU2422049C2/ru active
  • 2006-08-01 US US11/989,378 patent/US20090297656A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-08-01 WO PCT/EP2006/007609 patent/WO2007014756A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2006-08-01 CA CA2614711A patent/CA2614711C/en active Active
  • 2006-08-01 CN CNA2006800284280A patent/CN101267746A/zh active Pending
  • 2006-08-01 DK DK06776542.0T patent/DK1909601T3/da active
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  • 2006-08-01 KR KR1020087004607A patent/KR101355868B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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