WO2007012519A1 - Element de prechauffage pour moteurs a combustion interne a element filtrant ceramique - Google Patents

Element de prechauffage pour moteurs a combustion interne a element filtrant ceramique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007012519A1
WO2007012519A1 PCT/EP2006/063078 EP2006063078W WO2007012519A1 WO 2007012519 A1 WO2007012519 A1 WO 2007012519A1 EP 2006063078 W EP2006063078 W EP 2006063078W WO 2007012519 A1 WO2007012519 A1 WO 2007012519A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
measuring channel
bakeable
particulate filter
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/063078
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Albrecht Geissinger
Alexander Klonczynski
Laurent Jeannel
George Breiner
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2007012519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007012519A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/027—Heaters specially adapted for glow plug igniters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ignition component for an internal combustion engine with a ceramic filter element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the measuring channel could be drilled through the ceramic pin.
  • the heating element used is a ceramic pin with an externally arranged heating element.
  • EP 0 412 428 B1 discloses a ceramic composite body containing a matrix which contains inclusions of hard material particles and / or other reinforcing components.
  • the matrix is a mono- or multiphase, amorphous, semicrystalline or crystalline matrix of silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitrite (Si 3 N 4 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) or of mixtures thereof and B 2 O 3 (boron oxide) and BN (boron nitride) and B 4 C (boron carbide) with C (carbon) or borosilicate glass (SiO 2 / B 2 O 3 ), or for example from oxycarbides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides and / or oxycarbonitrides.
  • the inclusions are hard material particles and / or other reinforcing components, carbides and / or nitrides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and / or tungsten.
  • Such a material can be used for the production of a ceramic heater and offers the possibility to integrate the measuring channel in the ceramic heater itself.
  • Object of the present invention is to prevent the coking of a measuring channel within a radiator of ceramic material.
  • a particle filter which is made of a porous, but in terms of its chemical composition approximately identical material to the material of the radiator to the coking of the cold area of the radiator and thus the shutter to avoid a measuring channel passing through the radiator.
  • the inventively proposed solution further counteracts the coking of the porous formed tip of the radiator due to the constant annealing and the related combustion of the carbon.
  • the radiator of a glow plug for a self-igniting internal combustion engine is made of a ceramic composite material of precursor ceramic. Starting material is a polysiloxane, a polymer of Si, C, O and H, which is mixed with various fillers.
  • a radiator is made of an insulating material on which subsequently a tip can be molded from a conductive material.
  • the insulation material possibly with a tip molded of conductive material, is overmolded with another material of conductive material (shaft material).
  • This output body is drilled centrically, so that a measuring channel is obtained.
  • the measuring channel is filled with a porous material, which is the mentioned insulating material or the conductive material from which the Lace is made, can act. Thereafter, the measuring channel is drilled and ground round the obtained starting body.
  • the heat treatment (pyrolysis) of the starting body is followed by these production steps.
  • the electrical and physical property profile of the resulting after the pyrolysis ceramic composite of the radiator of the glow plug is tailored exactly to the requirements profile.
  • the use of an oxygen-containing polysiloxane precursor as starting material allows easy workability under air and thus a simple production of low-cost products.
  • the ceramic composite material has good strength and high chemical stability in terms of oxidation and corrosion.
  • the porosity of a ceramic can be adjusted within wide ranges.
  • the porosity of the ceramic can be adjusted in the range between 1% by volume and 90% by volume, with an average pore diameter in the range between 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m can be achieved.
  • a bimodal porosity distribution can be achieved by the additional use of different porosity generating agents. For example, since the size of the soot particles is difficult to predict, a bimodal porosity distribution in the ceramic can produce two pore diameters, for example 0.1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, so that a significant portion of the soot particles are retained in the ceramic due to the bimodal porosity distribution can.
  • the glow plug according to the invention comprises a hollow ceramic heating element with a heatable particulate filter integrated therein, wherein the measuring channel in which the bakeable particle filter is accommodated, during the molding process of the green body, i. of the ceramic raw material.
  • the material of the bakeable particle filter and the material of the ceramic heater differ only slightly from each other. The coking of the measuring channel is avoided due to the arranged in this at the combustion chamber end end bakeable particle filter.
  • a pressure sensor By integrating a bakeable particulate filter on the combustion chamber facing side of the glow plug, ie at the combustion chamber end of the radiator of the glow plug, a pressure sensor is obtained, with all the benefits of a ceramic glow plug with respect to engine life, t 1O oo ⁇ 2 s, which designates the period is that requires a glow plug, until at the combustion chamber facing tip a temperature of 1000 ° C prevails.
  • the glow plug has an outer diameter of ⁇ 4 mm, so that the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine extremely cramped space conditions to a necessary extent can be accommodated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a combustion chamber pressure sensor system with a glow plug which comprises a radiator disposed on the combustion chamber side end of the glow plug, and
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the radiator with extending in this measuring channel and an integrated at the combustion chamber end of the radiator end in the radiator bakeable particulate filter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a combustion chamber pressure sensor system with a glow plug.
  • a combustion chamber pressure sensor system 10 includes a glow plug 12 in which a force sensing element 14 is received.
  • a force sensing element 14 On both sides of the force measuring element 14, which can be formed annular, are within the glow plug 12 e- b harmony annular formable heating elements 16, which are connected via connecting lines 48 with a power electronics 20 in connection, via which the heating of the heating elements 16 is controlled.
  • an evaluation electronics 18 is received outside of the glow plug 12, which further processes the determined combustion chamber pressure signals of the force measuring element 14.
  • the glow plug 12 comprises a housing 22, in whose interior 24 a Drahtglühstromzutechnisch 46 for a surrounded by the glow plug 12 radiator 26 extends. Further, in the housing 22 of the glow plug 12, a sealing cone 28 included, which serves to seal the interior 24 of the glow plug 12 against the radiator 26, so that prevents combustion chamber gases in the interior 24 of the housing 22 of the glow plug 12 arrive.
  • this has a conical tip 30 at its end facing the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, which is exposed to the combustion chamber gases.
  • the glow plug 12 according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1 is symmetrical to its axis 34 constructed.
  • the signal detected by the force measuring element 14 is transmitted via signal lines 36 from the force measuring element 14 to the evaluation electronics 18.
  • a sleeve-shaped force transmission element 38 In the interior 24 of the glow plug 12 is also a sleeve-shaped force transmission element 38, which rests on the end face of the sealing cone 28 enclosed by the radiator 26.
  • At the other end of the sleeve-shaped force transmission element 38 is one of the heating elements 16 at.
  • Between the other of the heating elements 16 and a biasing member 40 is also a sleeve-shaped member 42, which encloses the extending in the interior 24 of the glow plug 12 lines 46 and 48 and 36 respectively.
  • the glow plug 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a heating body 26, which is manufactured from a ceramic composite material made from precursor ceramic.
  • the starting material of this ceramic composite material is a polysiloxane, i. a polymer of Si, C, O and H, which is mixed with various fillers.
  • the electrical and physical property profile of the resulting after the pyrolysis ceramic composite material of the glow plug 12 is tailored exactly to their requirements profile.
  • the use of an oxygen-containing polysiloxane precursor material as the starting material allows for easy processability under atmospheric conditions and thus the production of inexpensive radiators 26 made of a ceramic material.
  • the product resulting from the pyrolysis i. the present after the pyrolysis composition of the starting material ceramic composite material with the filler mixed therewith, has a good strength and high chemical stability in terms of oxidation and corrosion and is also harmless to health.
  • FIG. 2 shows, on an enlarged scale, a ceramic heating element of a glow plug according to the illustration in FIG.
  • the radiator 26 shown in Figure 2 includes a first end face 50 and a in the illustration of Figure 2 as a flat surface 54 formed second end face 52.
  • the second end face 52 of the radiator 26 made of ceramic composite material combustion chamber gases 86 is exposed.
  • the pressure in the combustion chamber acts on the force measuring element 14 via a measuring channel 58.
  • the radiator 26 has a lateral surface 56. Further, the radiator 26 is constructed in two parts as shown in Figure 2 and includes a first radiator part 88 and a second radiator part 90, which rest along a butt joint 68 to each other. Both the first radiator part 88 and the second radiator part 90 are of the measuring element passage 58, which is obtained, for example, by drilling a green body, ie the composite ceramic material in the untreated state.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 2 also shows that the measuring channel 58 has an inner diameter 60.
  • the measuring channel 58 has an undersize with regard to its diameter 60 in relation to an outer diameter 80 of a bakeable particulate filter 74. This undersize generated in the second radiator part 90, an annular surface 78 against which the bakeable particulate filter 74.
  • the axial extension of the bakeable particulate filter 74 is indicated by reference numeral 82, its outer diameter designated by reference numeral 80.
  • the bakeable particle filter 74 terminates flush with the second end face 52 of the radiator 26 and is acted upon by the combustion chamber gases indicated by reference numeral 86.
  • the heater 26 of the first conductive material 64 has an outer diameter 70;
  • the interior of the measuring channel 58 is filled with an insulating material 72 in the heating element 26 constructed in this embodiment from a plurality of materials.
  • a body is made of an insulating material 72, on which a tip of the second conductive material 66 can be molded.
  • the obtained composite of the insulating material 72 with optionally molded second conductive material tip 66 is then overmolded with the first conductive material 64 (shaft material).
  • the resulting body obtained from the first conductive material 64 (shaft material), the second conductive material 66 (tip) and the standard insulating material 72 is bored centrally, so that the measuring channel 58 is formed.
  • the second conductive material 66 can be lulled in powder form. This is followed by a re-drilling of the measuring channel 58 and a round grinding of the green body obtained, made of the first conductive material 64 (shaft material), the second conductive material 66 (tip) and the standard insulation material 72.
  • the measuring channel 58 serves to transmit the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine the force measuring element 14, which may be embodied for example as a membrane.
  • a bore is introduced into the green body of the ceramic composite material, which defines the diameter 60 of the measuring channel 58.
  • either the standard insulating material 72 in powder form or the second conductive material 66 is filled into the measuring channel 58.
  • the annealing properties of the heater 26 thus obtained can be adjusted. Via pressureless crosslinking in a temperature range between 150 ° C.
  • the required porosity is set by evaporating the condensation products such as, for example, ethanol or water from the standard insulating material 72 or the second conductive material 66.
  • the condensation products such as, for example, ethanol or water from the standard insulating material 72 or the second conductive material 66.
  • the adjustment of the porosity can be carried out in a range between 1% by volume and 90% by volume.
  • An enlargement of a receiving bore for receiving the bakeable particle filter 74 on the outer diameter 80, is achieved by re-drilling the ceramic composite material.
  • the radiator 26 is installed in a glow plug 12.
  • the heating element 26 can be pressed, for example, into the plug housing in the form of a pre-compact.
  • other components such as, for example, at the combustion chamber remote end of a ceramic sleeve and a metal ring can be embedded.
  • the glow plug is pressed into the combustion chamber end of the plug housing by means of force and a sealing material is compressed. Subsequently, the housing 22 of the glow plug 12 can be closed by means of a sealing ring or the like. In a central opening of the housing 22 of the connecting bolt can be performed for electrical contacting. After a final setting of a defined pressing force, the sealing ring can be fixed by a material, non-positive or positive connection, such as caulking, welding, compression, screwing, soldering or gluing.
  • the material of the bakeable particulate filter 74 and the standard insulation material 72 can be injected at very low pressure, which can be done for example by means of the foam injection method.
  • the desired porosity is set in a range between 1% by volume and 90% by volume, with an average pore diameter at the bakeable particle filter 74 being between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m can be adjusted.
  • the bakeable particle filter 74 is made in the same manner as the entire ceramic pin.
  • the material from which the bakeable particle filter 74 is made differs only in terms of its porosity from the second conductive material 66, from which the second radiator part 90 which can be removed from FIG. 2 is manufactured.
  • the porosity of the bakeable particulate filter 74 can be adjusted by the use of condensation-crosslinking resins and by the use of suitable foam stabilizers.
  • the first conductive material 64, from which the first radiator part 88 is made, and the second conductive material 66, from which the second radiator part (tip) and the heatable particle filter 74 are made are selected approximately chemically identical, in particular at the tip of the measuring channel 58, which is exposed to the combustion chamber gases 86, the coking of the cold region and thus the closure of the measuring channel 58 in the heater 26 made in FIG. 2 from the first conductive material 64 and the second conductive material 66 can be prevented in an effective manner.
  • the present invention proposed integration of the bakeable particulate filter 74 at the combustion chamber end of the radiator 26 coking at the combustion chamber facing end of the radiator 26 due to the constant annealing and the concomitant continuous combustion of carbon. Due to the prevailing at the combustion chamber end of the glow plug 12 temperature levels of about 1000 ° C to 1150 ° C burn the soot particles during annealing of the pin during operation. Should soot particles have attached to the glow plug 12, they burn, since the glow plug 12 reaches a temperature of 1000 ° C within the time t 10 oo ⁇ 2 s at the start of the internal combustion engine so that soot particles are not in the formed in the radiator 26 measuring channel 58 wandering into it.
  • the porosity at the combustion chamber end of the heating element 26, which is acted upon by the combustion chamber gases 86, can be achieved by the use of already strongly precrosslinked or partially pyrolyzed material.
  • the bakeable particulate filter 74 from the starting material of which condensation products such as ethanol and water are expelled, which sets the presettable porosity, can also be produced from precrosslinked or partially pyrophysylated material.
  • the porosity of the bakeable particle filter 74 is not established by a condensation reaction, but by the lower packing density of teilpyrolysêtm powder. Also according to this embodiment it is ensured that no soot particles get into the cold region of the measuring channel 58 and enforce this over the service life of the glow plug 12.
  • cold range is meant the area of the radiator 26 made of ceramic composite material, which is the first face page 50 of the according to the embodiment in Figure 2 made of several materials radiator 26 is closer, that is remote from the acted upon by the combustion chamber gases 86 second end face 52 of the radiator 26.
  • the filled with standard insulation material 72 measuring channel 58 extends into the second radiator part 90 (tip), which may be made of the second conductive material 66.
  • the measuring channel 58 has the task of pressure transmission of the combustion chamber pressure on the force measuring unit 14, which may be formed as a membrane in addition to other possible embodiments. Accordingly, the integrated bakeable particulate filter 74 of the heating element 26 can be manufactured both from the standard insulating material 72 filled with powder in the measuring channel 58 and from the second conductive material 66 filled with powder in the measuring channel 58, depending on the required application profile of the glow plug 12.
  • Radiator 84 support surface

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de produire un corps chauffant (26; 88, 90) à partir d'un matériau composite céramique (64, 66, 72) pour un élément à monter dans un moteur (12) de moteur à combustion interne à auto-allumage. Lors de la production du corps chauffant (16; 88, 90), les étapes suivantes du procédé son appliquées: un canal de mesure (58) est produit dans le corps chauffant (26; 88, 90), au moment de son processus de façonnage. Un matériau (66, 72) poreux, néanmoins sensiblement identique sur le plan chimique est introduit dans le canal de mesure (58) obtenu. Le corps chauffant (26; 88, 90) est soumis à un traitement thermique, conjointement avec le matériau isolant introduit. Il est produit, à l'extrémité côté chambre de combustion (52, 54) du corps chauffant (26; 88, 90), un filtre de particules (74) intégré, dont la porosité se situe entre 1 et 90 % en volume et dont le diamètre moyen des pores est compris entre 0,1 et 1.000 µm.
PCT/EP2006/063078 2005-07-29 2006-06-12 Element de prechauffage pour moteurs a combustion interne a element filtrant ceramique WO2007012519A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510035600 DE102005035600A1 (de) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Glühkomponente für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit keramischem Filterelement
DE102005035600.1 2005-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007012519A1 true WO2007012519A1 (fr) 2007-02-01

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PCT/EP2006/063078 WO2007012519A1 (fr) 2005-07-29 2006-06-12 Element de prechauffage pour moteurs a combustion interne a element filtrant ceramique

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DE (1) DE102005035600A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007012519A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006018606B4 (de) * 2006-01-04 2008-05-08 Beru Ag Messglühkerze

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4723069A (en) * 1985-09-26 1988-02-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Ceramic heater
EP0412428B1 (fr) * 1989-08-07 1994-11-02 Peter Prof. Dr. Greil Corps composites céramiques et procédé pour leur fabrication
EP1281691A1 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2003-02-05 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Substrat ceramique

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4723069A (en) * 1985-09-26 1988-02-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Ceramic heater
EP0412428B1 (fr) * 1989-08-07 1994-11-02 Peter Prof. Dr. Greil Corps composites céramiques et procédé pour leur fabrication
EP1281691A1 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2003-02-05 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Substrat ceramique

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