Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/58—1,2-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing carboxylic groups or thio analogues thereof, directly attached by the carbon atom to a cycloaliphatic ring; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of growth regulators selected from acylcyclohexanedione derivatives and quaternary ammonium compounds for reducing or preventing the contamination of plants and plant products with mycotoxins produced by trichothecene-producing fungi.
• the crop of all cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oats, rice and corn, but also many other plant species, such as potato, sugar beet, tomato, pea, leek, asparagus, forage grasses and food clover, can with trichothecen toxins and others Mycotoxins derived from trichothecene-producing molds may be contaminated.
• Triticale, oats, common wheat and, in particular, durum wheat are the most affected. Sources of these toxins are certain fungi, for example those of the genera Trichoderma, Stachybotrys and in particular Fusarium, which attack these plants.
• Fusarium fungus occurs mainly in the soil, where it decomposes plant residues together with other microorganisms. He can equally exist on living and dead material.
• a higher incidence than cereal disease is favored by several factors: Fusarium-infested organic matter on the ground (as inoculum), especially maize stubble and Maisstrohreste favor contamination (see, eg A. Meier, B. Birzele, E. Oerke, U. Steiner , J. Krämer and H. Dehne, "Significance of different inoculum source for the Fusarium infection of wheat ears", Mycotoxin Research 1, 2001, 71-75)
• the mycotoxins present can cause serious acute or chronic diseases in even the smallest doses in humans and animals.
• Acute health effects from trichothecene toxins and other mycotoxins derived from trichothecene-producing fungi can manifest in many symptoms, such as impaired immune system, IgA nephropathy (Berger 's Disease), nausea, kidney damage, In domestic animals refusing to feed and vomiting and in poultry breeding a reduced laying performance.
• these mycotoxins have an estrogen and / or mutagenic activity in humans and animals.
• Brewing wheat is suspected to have an association between contamination with such toxins and overgrowth of the beer (Gjersten, Gushing in Beer: Its Nature, Cause and Prevention, Brewer's Digest 42, 1967, 80-84).
• fungicides such as metconazole and tebuconazole
• Growth regulators generally have no fungicidal activity. Exceptions are, however, certain compounds with an N-containing heterocycle which have a certain fungicidal activity, namely growth regulators of the triazole type (for example paclobutrazole and uniconazole), of the pyrimidine type (eg ancymidol and fluoridipidol) and of 4-pyridine Type (eg, Inabenfide) (W. Rademacher, "Growth retardants: effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways", Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 51, 2000, 501-531).
• the triazole type for example paclobutrazole and uniconazole
• pyrimidine type eg ancymidol and fluoridipidol
• 4-pyridine Type eg, Inabenfide
• chlormoquat chloride is reported to have no direct influence the susceptibility of wheat ears to infestation with Fusarium graminearum. By shortening the plant, however, infection can be easier, as the ear is closer to the inoculum (plant remains in the soil). However, trichothecene levels in the grains have not been determined.
• acylcyclohexanedione compounds prohexadione-Ca and Trinexapac-ethyl can induce resistance to pathogen attack in certain plant species.
• US Pat. No. 6,022,831 describes the use of acylcyclohexanediones against attack by fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in pome fruit.
• WO 00/78144 describes the use of acylcyclohexanediones for increasing the resistance of crop plants in the case of infestation with certain phytopathogenic fungi. Specifically, only the effect against scab (Venturia inaequalis) in apple and against Botrytis cinerea in grapes is occupied.
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide compounds which lead to a reduction or prevention of the contamination of plants and plant products with toxins formed by trichothecene-producing fungi. Surprisingly, it has been found that certain growth regulators reduce or prevent the contamination of plants or plant products with such toxins.
• R 1 is H or Ci-Cio-alkyl
• R 2 is d-Cio-alkyl or C 3 -C -cycloalkyl 0
• R 3 and R 4 are independently d-Cio-alkyl optionally substituted by at least one halogen atom, or C 3 -Cio -cycloalkyl; or
• the growth regulators mentioned inhibit the biosynthesis of these toxins. However, it is also possible that they additionally or instead induce or increase the resistance of the plants to attack by pathogens.
• C 1 -C 10 -alkyl is a linear or branched alkyl radical, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl , 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl or decyl.
• alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl , 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl or decyl.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl.
• the alkyl radical is linear.
• C 3 -C 10 -cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl or decalin.
• C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
• Halogen is preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine and particularly preferably chlorine. Accordingly, halide ions are preferably fluoride, chloride or bromide, and more preferably chloride.
• Ci-Cio-Alkylsulfonationen stand for anions of the formula RS (O) 2 -O ", wherein R is Ci-Cio-alkyl, for example, methyl sulfonate, ethyl sulfonate and the like.
• the borate anions are preferably those of the formula III 1 / m ⁇ [M x B y Oz (A) v] m - ⁇ w (H 2 O) (111)
• M is a cation of an agriculturally acceptable metal, a proton or ammonium;
• A is a chelating or complexing group associated with at least one boron atom or a cation M;
• x is a number from 0 to 10;
• y is a number from 1 to 48;
• z is a number from 0 to 48;
• v is a number from 0 to 24;
• m is a number from 1 to 6;
• w is a number from 0 to 24
• M is preferably a cation of a metal selected from sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese and copper, for a proton or for ammonium.
• A is preferably selected from hydroxycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, alcohols, glycols, aminoalcohols, sugars and the like.
• Suitable hydroxycarboxylic acids are e.g. Glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, other fruit acids and also hydroxyfatty acids such as ricinoleic acid.
• Suitable carboxylic acids are monocarboxylic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid and other fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid and the like.
• Suitable alcohols are e.g. C 1 -C 6 -alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentyl alcohols such as pentanol and amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohols such as hexanol, heptyl alcohols such as heptanol and octyl alcohols such as octanol and 2-ethylhexanol.
• C 1 -C 6 -alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentyl alcohols such as pentanol and amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohols such as hexanol
• Suitable glycols are, for example, C 2 -C 10 -diols, such as glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and the like.
• Suitable amino alcohols are, for example, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and the like.
• Suitable sugars are e.g. the pentoses and hexoses, such as fructose, glucose, mannose, and the like, and also the double sugars, such as sucrose.
• x is preferably 0, especially if M does not have one of the abovementioned preferred meanings.
• y is from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 10, more preferably from 3 to 10, even more preferably from 3 to 7, and most preferably from 3 to 5. Specifically, y is 5.
• z preferably represents a number from 6 to 10, particularly preferably from 6 to 8 and in particular 8.
• v is preferably 0.
• w is preferably from 2 to 10, more preferably from 2 to 8, and especially from 2 to 3.
• m is preferably 1 or 2 and in particular 1.
• borates of the formula (III) in which y corresponds to a number from 3 to 7, in particular from 3 to 5; z corresponds to a number from 6 to 10, in particular 6 to 8,; v is zero; and w is a number from 2 to 10, especially from 2 to 8.
• the borates may contain water, e.g. B. as water of crystallization in free or coordinate form or as bound water in the form of boron-bound hydroxy groups.
• Suitable and preferred borates and processes for their preparation are known per se and described, for example, in WO 02/083732 and in the literature cited therein, to which reference is hereby fully made. Further suitable borates are described, for example, in WO 99/09832, to which reference is hereby fully made.
• the toxins produced by trichothecene-producing fungi are both trichothecenes and various toxins derived from the same molds.
• the trichothecene-producing fungi are preferably those of the genera Trichoderma, Stachybotrys and especially Fusarium.
• F. culmorum and F. graminearum are the most important species (Mauler-Machnik A. & Suty A, 2000: Current Status of International Research on the Control of Ear Fusariosis in Wheat. 22nd Mycotoxin Workshop, Bonn, June 5-7, 2000), but also F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crockwellense, F. equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F proliferans, F. scirpi, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans and F. tricinctum.
• Trichoderma in particular the representative Trichoderma viride is of importance in this context.
• the fungi of the genus Stachybotrys are in particular Stachybotrys chartarum.
• the mycotoxins are, in particular, trichothecenes or zearalenone.
• Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of the genus Fusarium. Preferred substrates of the zearalenone-forming fungi are corn and oats. However, other cereals can also be heavily attacked. the. Since zearalenone is formed in a very late stage of development of the fungus, it is found mainly in heavily infested cereals. Zearalenone is not acutely toxic, but it is thought to have a carcinogenic effect. In grazing animals, it causes impaired fertility, premature and stillbirths.
• Trichothecenes are a group of about 100 mycotoxins, which are formed in particular by Fusaria, but also by other mold fungi on plants and plant products, in particular on cereals and cereal products. Trichothecenes have a wide range of biological effects. In general, trichothecenes inhibit protein biosynthesis in mammalian cells, in some cases as low as 1 ng. Poisoning with trichothecenes leads to vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to eat, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, impairment of nerve cells, heart muscle, lymphatic system, testes, thymus and formation of tissue necrosis.
• T-2 toxin T-2 toxin
• HT-2 toxin HT-2 toxin
• neosolaniol monoacetoxyscirpenol
• DAS diacetoxyscirpenol
• Acetoxyscirpendiol, deoxynivalenol (DON Vomitoxin), nivalenol, 3-acetoxynivalenol, 15-acetoxynivalenol, fusarenone, T-2 tetraol, and verrucarol.
• Plants in which the formation of said mycotoxins is to be reduced or prevented are preferably selected from cereals, potatoes, sugar beet, tomato, pea, leek, asparagus, forage grasses and clover.
• cereals are wheat, rice, corn, barley, oats, triticale and rye.
• the plant products are, in particular, the crop of these plants, for example cereal grains or, in the case of maize, corn cobs, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, peas, leeks, asparagus and cut forage grasses and forage clover, for example hay.
• the plants are particularly preferably selected from wheat, such as durum wheat or common wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oats, rice and maize.
• the plant products are particularly preferably the crop from these plants, such as cereal grains.
• the growth regulators (I) and / or (II) are used to reduce or prevent the contamination of wheat with the aforementioned mycotoxins.
• the compounds (I) and / or (II) are used to reduce or prevent the contamination of plants and plant products with toxins selected from deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZE ⁇ A).
• DON deoxynivalenol
• NMV nivalenol
• ZE ⁇ A zearalenone
• the compounds of the formulas (I) and (II) are known and are generally used as growth regulators in agriculture (see, for example, EP-A-123001, EP-A-126713, W. Rademacher, "Growth Retardants : Effects on Gibbellin Biosynthesis and Other Metabolism Pathways, Annu Rev. Plant, Mol. Biol. 2000, 51, 501-531).
• the compounds of the formula (I) can be present both in the trion form (triketo form) La and in the tautomeric keto-enol forms l.b or Lc:
• R 1 is preferably H or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
• R 2 is preferably CrC 4 -AlkVl or Cs-C ⁇ -cycloalkyl and in particular ethyl or cyclopropyl.
• the monoanions can be present both as carboxylate anions Ld and as enolate anions Le or Lf: ld le lf
• the carboxylate and enolate groups are present side by side.
• Preferred cations in the salts of the compounds of the formula I are the ions of the alkali metals, preferably of lithium, sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably of calcium and magnesium, and of the transition metals, preferably of manganese, copper, zinc and iron Ammonium (NH 4 + ) and substituted ammonium, in which one to four hydrogen atoms are represented by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, preferably ammonium, methylammonium, isopropylammonium, dimethylammonium, diisopropylammonium, trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethy
• Preferred cations are also chlormequat [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium], mepiquat (N, N-dimethylpiperidinium) and N, N-dimethylmorpholinium.
• Particularly preferred cations are the alkali metal cations, the alkaline earth metal cations and the ammonium cation (NH 4 + ). In particular, it is the calcium salt.
• one of the radicals R 3 or R 4 is preferably C 1 -C 10 -alkyl and the other radical is C 1 -C 10 -alkyl which is substituted by a halogen atom, preferably by a chlorine atom.
• R 3 is particularly preferably methyl and R 4 is 2-chloroethyl.
• R 3 and R 4 together form a bridging moiety - (CH 2 ) S-.
• the anions X in compounds II are selected from halide ions, sulfate ions and carbonate ions.
• the anions X- in compounds II are selected from halide ions, especially chloride, borates, especially pentaborate, and mixtures thereof.
• X- particularly preferably represents a halide anion and in particular chloride.
• the quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula (II) are the salt of chlormoquat (salt of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium), in particular chlormoquat chloride (2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride) or the salt of mepiquat (salt of 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium ), in particular mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride).
• mixtures of the described growth regulators (I) and (II) can be used.
• acylcyclohexanediones (I) are used to reduce or prevent contamination with said mycotoxins.
• Particularly preferred among these are prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, trinexapac and trinexapac-ethyl.
• prohexadione calcium is used.
• the use of compounds of the formulas (I) and / or (II) for reducing or preventing the contamination with the abovementioned mycotoxins is generally carried out in such a way that the plants or plant parts thereof or the plant products are treated with these compounds.
• the treatment of the plants or of the plant products is preferably carried out such that the plant or plant parts thereof or the plant product is brought into contact with at least one compound which is selected from compounds of the formulas (I) and (II).
• the treatment of the plants or plant parts or of the plant products can be both prophylactic and therapeutic, i. after a successful infection with harmful fungi, take place. Preferably, however, it is prophylactic, i. before infestation by the corresponding harmful fungi species.
• the application dates, the number of applications and the application rates specifically used are to be adapted to the respective conditions and must be determined in each case by a person skilled in the art.
• the active ingredients used in each case must be distinguished in particular, whether a treatment on intact plants under field conditions or whether crop in the camp to be protected from toxin contamination.
• the active compounds can be used as such or in the form of their formulations or in the form of the application forms prepared by spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering or pouring.
• the forms of application depend entirely on the purposes of use, v. A. according to the plant species and variety or after the plant part or plant product to be applied to the; In any case, they should ensure the finest possible distribution of the active ingredients used according to the invention and also of the auxiliaries.
• the compounds of the formulas I and II mentioned are typically used as formulations, as are customary in the field of crop protection and storage protection.
• Typical formulations are, for example, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions, pastes, dusts, scattering agents, powders and granules.
• the formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by stretching the active ingredient with solvents and / or excipients, if desired using fertilizer of emulsifiers and dispersants.
• Suitable solvents / auxiliaries are essentially:
• aromatic solvents eg Solvesso products, xylene
• paraffins eg petroleum fractions
• alcohols eg methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol
• ketones eg cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone
• pyrrolidones NMP, NOP
• acetates Glycol diacetate
• glycols dimethyl fatty acid amides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters.
• solvent mixtures can also be used.
• Carriers such as ground natural minerals (e.g., kaolins, clays, talc, chalk) and ground synthetic minerals (e.g., fumed silica, silicates).
• Ground natural minerals e.g., kaolins, clays, talc, chalk
• ground synthetic minerals e.g., fumed silica, silicates.
• Surfactants such as alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g.
• Ligninsulfonklare phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and of fatty acids, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol, further condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or Naphtalinsulfon- acid with phenol and formaldehyde, Polyoxyethylenoctylphenolether , ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol or nonylphenol, alkylphenolpolyglycol ethers, tributylphenylpolyglycol ethers, tristerylphenylpolyglycol ethers, alkylarylpolyether alcohol
• Suitable inert formulation auxiliaries are essentially: mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg Toluene, xylene, paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone and isophorone, strong polar solvents, e.g. Dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone or water.
• mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point such as kerosene or diesel oil
• coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg Toluene, xylene, paraffins, te
• Powders, dispersants and dusts may be prepared by mixing or co-grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.
• Granules for example coated, impregnated and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers.
• Solid carriers are e.g. Mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, milled plastics, fertilizers, e.g. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
• Mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, milled plastics, fertilizers, e.g. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea
• the formulations generally contain the compounds (I) and / or (II) in a total amount of 0.01 to 95 wt .-%, preferably from 0.1 to 90 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the formulation.
• Products (formulations) for dilution in water are, for example, water-soluble concentrates (SL), dispersible concentrates (TLC), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO), suspensions (SC, OD), water-dispersible and water-soluble granules (WG, SG ) as well as water-dispersible and water-soluble powders (WP, SP).
• Products (formulations) for direct application include dusts (DP), granules (GR, FG, GG, MG) and ULV solutions (UL).
• Aqueous use forms can be prepared from storage formulations, such as concentrated solutions, emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders (spray powders, oil dispersions) or water-dispersible granules, by addition of water and applied, for example, by spraying.
• storage formulations such as concentrated solutions, emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders (spray powders, oil dispersions) or water-dispersible granules, by addition of water and applied, for example, by spraying.
• the compounds of the formulas (I) and / or (II) can be dissolved as such or in an oil or solvent and homogenized in water by means of wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers. But it can also be prepared from the active substance wetting, adhesion, dispersing or emulsifying and possibly solvent or oil concentrates, which are suitable for dilution with water. It goes without saying that the use forms contain the auxiliaries used in the storage formulations.
• the active substance concentrations in preparations diluted with water can be varied within larger ranges. In general, they are between 0.0001 and 10 wt .-%, preferably between 0.01 and 1 wt .-%.
• oils of various types wetting agents, adjuvants, fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, other growth regulators or fertilizers may also be added only immediately before use (tank mix). These agents can be added to the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 1:10 to 10: 1.
• adjuvants in this sense are in particular: organically modified polysiloxanes, eg Break Thru S 240 ® ; Alcohol alkoxylates, eg. As Atplus 245 ®, Atplus MBA 1303 ®, Plurafac LF 300 ® and Lutensol ON 30 ®; EO-PO block polymers, eg. B. Pluro- never RPE 2035 and Genapol ® B ®; Alcohol ethoxylates, eg. As Lutensol XP 80 ®; and sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, e. B. Leophen RA ®.
• organically modified polysiloxanes eg Break Thru S 240 ®
• Alcohol alkoxylates eg. As Atplus 245 ®, Atplus MBA 1303 ®, Plurafac LF 300 ® and Lutensol ON 30 ®
• EO-PO block polymers eg. B. Pluro-
• Particularly suitable is the use of the compounds (I) and / or (II) in combination with at least one fungicide.
• Acylalanines such as benalaxyl, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl,
• Amine derivatives such as aldimorph, dodine, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, guazatine, iminoctadine, spiroxamine, tridemorph
• Anilinopyrimidines such as pyrimethanil, mepanipyrim or cyprodinil,
• Antibiotics such as cycloheximide, griseofulvin, kasugamycin, natamycin, polyoxin or streptomycin, • Azoles such as Bitertanol, Bromoconazole, Cyproconazole, Difenoconazole, Dinitroconazole, Epoxiconazole, Fenbuconazole, Fluquiconazole, Flusilazole, Hexaconazole, Imazalil, Metconazole, Myclobutanil, Penconazole, Propiconazole, Prochloraz, Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Triflumizole, Triticonazole, • Dicarboximides Iprodione, myclozoline, procymidone, vinclozolin,
• Dithiocarbamates such as Ferbam, Nabam, Maneb, Mancozeb, Metam, Metiram, Propineb, Polycarbamate, Thiram, Ziram, Zineb,
• Heterocyclic compounds such as anilazine, benomyl, boscalid, carbendazim, carboxine, oxycarboxine, cyazofamide, dazomet, dithianone, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fuberidazole, flutolanil, furametpyr, isoprothiolane, mepronil, nuarimol,
• Probenazole proquinazide, pyrifenox, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, silthiofam, thiabenazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, tiadinil, tricyclazole, triforine,
• copper fungicides such as Bordeaux broth, copper acetate, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, • nitrophenyl derivatives such as binapacryl, dinocap, dinobutone, nitrophthalic-isopropyl
• Phenylpyrroles such as fenpiclonil or fludioxonil
• fungicides such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, benthiavalicarb, carpropamide, chlorotrhalil, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diclomethine, diclocymet, diethofencarb, edfenphos, ethaboxam, fenhexamide, fentin acetate, fenoxanil, ferimzone, fluaziamine, fosetyl, Fosetyl-aluminum, iprovalicarb, hexachlorobenzene, metrafenone, pentycuron, propamocarb, phthalide, toloclofos-methyl, quintozene, zoxamide
• strobilurins such as azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mestominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin or trifloxystrobin, • sulfenic acid derivatives such as captafol, captan, dichlofluanid, folpet, tolylfluanid
• Cinnamic acid amides and analogues such as dimethomorph, flumetover or flumorph.
• the fungicides are selected from metconazole, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, epoxiconazole, fenpropimorph, dimoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl.
• the fungicides are particularly preferably selected from metconazole, tebuconazole and prothioconazole.
• the compounds of the formula (I) and / or (II) are used in the form of an aqueous spray mixture.
• the application is made preferably by spraying. It is applied either to the entire aboveground plant part or only to individual plant parts, such as flowers, fruits, leaves or individual shoots.
• the choice of the individual plant parts to be applied depends on the plant species and its stage of development. Preference is given to applying to the entire aboveground plant part or else to the parts which are to be particularly protected against toxin contamination or which are preferably infested by trichothecene-producing fungi.
• the compounds of the formulas (I) and / or (II) are used in the field application in a total amount of 5 to 3000 g / ha, preferably 50 to 1000 g / ha and particularly preferably 100 to 500 g / ha per season ,
• Acylcyclohexanediones (I) e.g., Trinexapac-ethyl or Prohexadione-Ca
• Quaternary ammonium compounds (II) for example chlormoquat chloride or mepiquat chloride: preferably 50 to 3000 g; more preferably 100 to 2000 g; in particular 200 to 1500 g.
• mixtures of compounds (I) and (II) are used in the field application, their quantitative ratio is preferably 2: 1 to 1: 30, more preferably 1: 1 to 1:20 and in particular 1: 2 to 1:10, e.g. about 1: 6.
• the compounds (I) and / or (II) are preferably applied 1 to 5 times, more preferably 1 to 3 times and especially 1 to 2 times.
• the compounds of formulas (I) and / or (II) are used in the form of dusts.
• the compounds of the formulas (I) and / or (II) are used in the case of stored crops in a total amount of 0.1 to 700 g, preferably 0.5 to 120 g and more preferably 1 to 60 g per ton of crop ,
• Acylcyclohexanediones (I) eg Trinexapac-ethyl or Prohexadione-Ca
• 0.1 to 500 g preferably 0.5 to 100 g; in particular 1 to 50 g.
• Quaternary ammonium compounds (II) for example, chlormoquat chloride or mepiquat chloride: preferably 0.1 to 200 g; more preferably 0.5 to 20 g; in particular 1 to 10 g.
• mixtures of compounds (I) and (II) are used when the crop is stored, their quantitative ratio is preferably 1:10 to 10: 1, more preferably 1: 5 to 10: 1 and especially 1: 1 to 6: 1, e.g. about 5: 1.
• Another object of the present invention is a method of reducing or preventing the contamination of plants and plant products with toxins produced by trichothecene-producing fungi comprising the step of obtaining a plant, a plant part or a plant product with at least one compound selected under acylcyclohexanediones of the formula (I) or salts thereof and quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula (II) or mixtures thereof.
• growth regulators of the formula (I) and / or (II) markedly reduces the formation of trichothecene toxins and other mycotoxins derived from trichothecene-producing harmful fungi. This reduction is not due to a fungicidal effect of the growth regulators used, which would lead to death of the toxin-producing harmful fungus, but in particular to the inhibition of the biosynthesis of trichothecenes and other mycotoxins in these harmful fungi. As a result, the contamination with mycotoxins of plants and plant products can be suppressed even in those cases in which the fungi do not respond to fungicides used or not sufficiently.

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• 2006
  • 2006-07-18 KR KR1020087001547A patent/KR101314462B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-07-18 US US11/988,474 patent/US20090131519A1/en not_active Abandoned
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