WO2007003533A1 - Affichage passif electrochrome et procede de realisation - Google Patents

Affichage passif electrochrome et procede de realisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007003533A1
WO2007003533A1 PCT/EP2006/063595 EP2006063595W WO2007003533A1 WO 2007003533 A1 WO2007003533 A1 WO 2007003533A1 EP 2006063595 W EP2006063595 W EP 2006063595W WO 2007003533 A1 WO2007003533 A1 WO 2007003533A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrochromic
electrodes
electrolyte
passive display
passive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/063595
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Brabec
Jens Hauch
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to DE112006001648T priority Critical patent/DE112006001648A5/de
Publication of WO2007003533A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007003533A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/161—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F2001/164—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect the electrolyte is made of polymers

Definitions

  • Electrochromic passive display and method of making the same
  • the present invention relates to electrochromic passive displays.
  • the present invention relates specifically to passive matrix displays based on electrochromic systems.
  • Electrochromic systems are systems that change color as they pass through electrical current
  • the present invention relates to a passive matrix display based on the electrochromic effect of organic layers, in particular organic polymers.
  • An electrochromic device consists of at least three layers: an active electrochromic layer that discolors as a result of oxidation or reduction, an electrolyte layer that transports ions for oxidation or reduction, and an ion storage layer that can store or release the ions.
  • an active electrochromic layer that discolors as a result of oxidation or reduction
  • an electrolyte layer that transports ions for oxidation or reduction
  • an ion storage layer that can store or release the ions.
  • Electrochromic displays are known, for example, from International Patent Application No. WO2004114008 filed by SIEMENS AG (DE) and Japanese Patent Applications JP2003302659, JP2003315842, JP2003315839, JP2003315843, JP2003315844, JP2003315840 filed by FUJI PHOTO FILM CO LTD. known.
  • the only known way to achieve a separation of the electrolyte between the pixels is to encapsulate the electrolyte in individual pixel cells as disclosed in the aforementioned WO2004114008.
  • the problem arises that the structure of the pixels with the electrolyte and the structure of the electrodes must be aligned with each other. This becomes more and more difficult the larger the number of pixels becomes or the smaller the pixels themselves become.
  • the present invention provides a passive display of electrochromic materials.
  • the passive display has at least one picture element with electrochromic cells.
  • the electrochromic cells or the picture elements have, at least one electrochromic layer, electrolyte and second electrodes, first electrodes.
  • the width of the first electrodes and / or second electrodes is at least a factor of two greater than the width dimension of the electrochromic cells.
  • a picture element comprises the overlapping area of the first and the second electrode as well as of at least three electrochromic cells.
  • the at least three electrochromic cells can be driven simultaneously by the first and second electrodes.
  • Electrodes should be transparent to allow an observer to detect the color change of the pixels or electrochromic cells lying between the electrodes.
  • the passive display could be considered as a kind of display with "matrix pixels," in which a single pixel is composed of several controlled electrochromic cells or sub-pixels is constructed.
  • matrix pixels in which a single pixel is composed of several controlled electrochromic cells or sub-pixels is constructed.
  • the holes or the electrochromic cells are made so small that their area is significantly smaller than the size of the planned picture elements and, in addition, the dimensions of the electrochromic cells is smaller than the spacing of the picture elements, positioning of the electrodes is opposite the electrochromic cells no longer necessary.
  • the invention seeks to exploit translational invariance of relatively large electrodes over relatively small electrochromic cells in order to obviate positioning of the electrodes with respect to the electrochromic cells.
  • the electrochromic cells and thus a support layer in which the electrochromic cells are located, no longer have to be positioned over the lower lead tracks, and the upper lead tracks no longer have to be positioned with respect to the electrochromic cells or the support.
  • the exact shape of the picture elements is irrelevant to the present invention.
  • the picture elements may be implemented as picture elements (pixels) or another form, for example in the form of a seven-segment display or any other form than lines / figures or the like.
  • the first and second electrodes must be positioned to each other.
  • the passive display is a passive matrix display.
  • the picture elements are executed in the matrix display as pixels, wherein individual pixels are in turn formed from a plurality of smaller electrochromic cells.
  • Electrochromic cells can happen that in the production the electrodes are shifted by a number of electrochromic cells. However, due to the small size of the electrochromic cells (and the small cell jump), this deviation should not be noticed.
  • the first and second electrodes only have to be aligned relative to one another with respect to their angle.
  • the matrix display can likewise exploit a translational invariance of the electrodes arranged in parallel (and narrow in relation to the total area of the display).
  • the passive display further comprises an electrochromic layer which can store or release ions necessary for the color envelope of the electrochromic layer.
  • an electrochromic layer which can store or release ions necessary for the color envelope of the electrochromic layer.
  • the electrochromic layer can be made flat (in the case of bar displays).
  • the electrochromic layer may be designed in accordance with the upper transparent (second) electrodes, for example be strip-shaped in the case of matrix displays. It is also possible to carry out the electrochromic layer only in the holes in the perforated foil, so that each electrochromic cell has its own electrochromic layer.
  • the electrochromic cells are formed by a perforated foil whose holes are filled with the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte can remain liquid after filling because the capillary forces keep the electrolyte in the holes. After filling, the electrolyte can be heated eg by curing treatment or UV irradiation.
  • the electrolyte can also be designed as a gel. It is possible to integrate the electrochromic layer and, if necessary, an ion storage layer into the holes of the perforated foil. Each hole of the perforated foil can thus be designed as complete electrochromic cells (without electrodes). The electrodes of the substrate and the cover complete the electrochromic cells.
  • the electrochromic cells are regularly arranged in the passive display. It should be emphasized that here not the shape of the pixels or picture elements, but only the shape of the electrochromic cells are regularly arranged.
  • the electrochromic cells can be shaped three, four, five or hexagonal or round.
  • the electrochromic cells may be regularly arranged in the perforated film on the basis of a rectangular, square, hexagonal array, clinker or cross-structure based arrangement or the like. If the electrochromic cells are pentagonal, no pentagons should be used, rather combinations of rectangles and triangles.
  • the electrochromic cells are irregularly arranged in the passive display.
  • the individual holes or electrochromic cells are diamond-shaped or isosceles triangular in shape (each with angles of 42 ° and 72 °) and one based on regular pentagons or pentagons
  • the passive display further comprises an ion storage layer which can store or release ions necessary for the color envelope of the electrochromic layer.
  • an ion storage layer which can store or release ions necessary for the color envelope of the electrochromic layer.
  • electrochromic displays having at least three layers of an active electrochromic layer that discolor as a result of oxidation or reduction, an electrolyte layer that transports ions for oxidation or reduction, and an ion storage layer
  • the ion storage layer can be carried out flat (with bar displays).
  • the ion storage layer may correspond to the bottom electrodes, i.e. be executed strip-shaped. It is also possible to carry out the ion storage layer only in the holes in the perforated foil, so that each electrochromic cell has its own ion storage layer.
  • a method of making a passive display comprises the provision of a substrate, a
  • Cover foil of first and second electrodes, a perforated foil with holes and of electrolyte.
  • the method further comprises applying the first electrodes and the substrate to the apertured foil.
  • the holes of the perforated foil are filled with electrolyte.
  • the application of the first electrodes and of the substrate to the perforated foil can also be implemented by applying the perforated foil to a side of the substrate provided with first electrodes.
  • the filling of at least some (for manufacturing reasons presumed by all) holes of the perforated foil, with electrolyte can be done before or after positioning the perforated foil on the substrate.
  • the electrolyte may either remain liquid after filling, being held in the holes by capillary forces, even if the perforated film has not yet been applied to the substrate.
  • the individual electrochromic cells are closed and connected to the second electrodes.
  • the electrodes may be applied by printing or laminating together with the top cover sheet or substrate.
  • the electrodes can also be applied by printing or laminating directly onto the perforated foil (for example, filled with a gel-like electrolyte).
  • Electrodes are designed as area, line or point electrodes.
  • the first and second electrodes may be aligned parallel to each other.
  • the first and second displays may be aligned perpendicular or at a different angle to each other.
  • the pixels or pixels arise only at the locations where both an upper and a lower electrode, as well as electrochromic cells are present. In the case of a matrix display, these are the locations where the top and bottom or first and second (stripe) electrodes overlap. Of course, this effect can also be used for other types of ads, such as seven-segment ads. In this case, the overlapping areas of the electrodes define the individual segments. Therefore, it is not necessary with the present invention, different hole foils for Use different types of ads to implement different types or types of ads. With a type of perforated foil, by the appropriate choice of configuration of the electrodes, any type or type of display can be constructed.
  • the electrolyte filled in the holes of the perforated film is cured.
  • the electrolyte can be cured by temperature treatment or UV irradiation.
  • the second electrodes and the cover film are applied by printing or laminating together with the upper cover film.
  • this can also be done with the same method
  • Substrate with the first electrodes on the (possibly filled with electrolyte) perforated foil are applied.
  • the method is performed as a roll-to-roll operation.
  • Such a method is of particular interest for large-scale roll-to-roll production, since all positioning steps that are critical in such processes are eliminated.
  • the method further comprises applying at least one electrochromic layer and an ion storage layer. These two layers can be flat or according to their respective assigned
  • each individual electrochromic cell comprises its own electrochromic layer and its own ion storage layer.
  • FIGS 1 to 5 show schematically the structure
  • Figure 6 illustrates a cross section through a
  • Embodiment of an electrochromic passive matrix display according to the invention Embodiment of an electrochromic passive matrix display according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross section through another embodiment of an electrochromic passive matrix display according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a conversion of a seven-segment display according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment according to the invention for a production process for an electrochromic passive matrix display in a roll-to-roll process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a substrate 12, for example made of PET, with first electrodes 10, for example made of gold or ITO (indium tin oxide), applied thereon, which serve as the basis for an electrochromic passive matrix display according to the invention can.
  • first electrodes 10 are on top of the substrate 12
  • FIG. 2 shows a perforated foil 4 with holes 6 which are filled with electrolyte 7 and which is applied to the substrate 12.
  • the perforated film may be made of PET, for example.
  • the electrochromic layers 24 or ion storage layers 28 are discussed explicitly. It may be assumed that these layers 24/28 are already integrated in the holes 6 of the perforated film 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cover film 16, for example likewise made of PET, with second electrodes 14, for example made of gold or ITO (indium tin oxide), attached underneath
  • Cover can serve for an electrochromic passive matrix display.
  • the first electrodes 10 are on top of the holes 6 of the perforated sheet 4 and can be seen through the transparent cover sheet 16.
  • all the holes that are in each case connected to a first and a second electrode are filled in black.
  • a field of black holes 6 or electrochromic cells forms a pixel.
  • a pixel, pixel or picture element 20 is indicated by a black rectangle.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a passive matrix display according to the invention, in which all pixels are activated.
  • FIG. 5 serves to illustrate the difference between the activated electrochromic cells 22 and the single pixel 20.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a cross section through an embodiment of an electrochromic passive matrix display according to the invention.
  • the passive matrix display 2 comprises three supporting layers: the substrate 12, the perforated foil 4 with the holes 6 and the covering foil 16.
  • the first Arranged electrodes 10 Between the substrate 12 and the perforated foil 4 are the first Arranged electrodes 10, wherein one can be seen in longitudinal section.
  • the holes 6 of the perforated film 4 alternate with webs 8 between the holes 6.
  • the individual electrochromic cells are arranged in the holes, each with its own electrochromic layer 24 and its own ion storage layer 28, which are separated by an electrolyte 7.
  • the second electrodes 14 are arranged, which can be seen in cross section. In the illustrated
  • a voltage is applied to the upper or second electrode 18 relative to the first electrode 10 so that the pixel or pixel 20 is colored black by driving the individual activated electrochromic cells 22.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross section through another embodiment of an electrochromic passive matrix display according to the invention.
  • the electrochromic layer 24 is arranged in a planar manner between the first electrodes 10 (or the substrate 12) and the perforated foil 4 filled with electrolyte 7.
  • the ion storage layer 28 is arranged flat between the second electrodes 14 (or the cover foil 16) and the perforated foil 4 filled with electrolyte 7.
  • the passive matrix display 2 shown in FIG. 7 has an "inverse" structure, since the electrochromic layer 24 is located on the side of the substrate and not on the side of the cover.
  • the ion storage layer 28 is in contrast to Figure 6 on the side of the cover and not on the side of the substrate. It would also be possible to implement all possible combinations of planar or in the holes arranged electrochromic layers 24 or ion storage layers 28.
  • FIG. 8 shows a conversion of a seven-segment display according to the present invention.
  • the pixels are designed as segments 40, which can be controlled one after the other.
  • the corner points and the centers of the "8" can also be controlled, so care must be taken when driving this seven-segment display that non-undesired fields are also controlled.Another way to avoid this problem may be the electrochromic layers
  • the structures of the pixels are usually of such a size that they can be converted by a printing process, and the rest of the structure can be adapted to the embodiments of passive components shown in FIGS. Matrix displays 2 correspond.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment according to the invention for a production method for an electrochromic passive matrix display in a roll-to-roll process.
  • a perforated film drawn from a roll is first filled with an electrolyte 7, which is cured or gelled in a next step 30.
  • the holes or the perforated film 4 is then provided in two stations with an electrochromic layer 24 and an ion storage layer 28.
  • the coated and filled perforated film can then be provided in a further step with a substrate 12, which already with
  • Electrodes 10 is provided.
  • the composite of perforated film 4, electrodes 10 and substrate 12 may be provided with a cover 16, which already with and is already provided with electrodes 114.
  • the finished displays can be cut or punched out for a final step.
  • the method can be readily extended to include additional steps such as applying reflex or antireflective layers, providing contacts or contact strips for connection of the display, or providing the display with a mounting frame or backlight, for example, OLED-based.
  • the layer of the electrolyte 7 may be made of PC-LiC104.
  • An electrochromic layer 24 adjoining the electrolyte 7 can be made, for example, from PEDOT or Pani or the like. It is possible to implement further electrochromic layers for corresponding color effects.
  • the layer sequence is to be built up depending on the function of individual layers, but results in a large number of variants. In principle, it must be ensured that the light incidence is not hindered by the material of a (eg second) electrode.
  • layer structures according to the invention can be realized with a wide variety of transparent materials.
  • the material of the substrate 12 of the perforated film 4 and the cover 16 may be made of PET, for example.
  • the first electrodes may comprise, for example, metal such as gold (Au) platinum (Pt) and / or copper (Cu) and / or silver (Au), AZO, Cd 2 SnO 4 , Cu 2 O, ITO or PEDOT, as a multilayer -
  • the second electrodes can be made, for example, from TCO, ITO or PEDOT.
  • the perforated foil gives the electrolyte mechanical stability and prevents a short circuit between the electrodes, b) it prevents cross-conduction of the electrolyte and thus crosstalk between the pixels, and c) positioning problems are completely eliminated since the hole size is smaller than the pixel size.
  • the holes in the hole film are made so small that their area is significantly smaller than the pixel size and, in addition, the diameter is smaller than the distance between the pixels, then the positioning steps are eliminated. It is therefore sufficient to apply only the upper electrode together with the upper cover film to the electrolyte-filled perforated film by printing or laminating. The pixels then arise only at the points where the upper and lower electrodes intersect.
  • the distances between the electrodes should be greater than the sum of the maximum width (length or diagonal) of an electrochromic cell and the minimum
  • the structure of the present invention can be readily combined with other technologies such as diode-provided electrochromic cells.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un affichage passif électrochrome fait de matières électrochromes qui contiennent un élément d'image (20) qui présente des cellules électrochromes (6), une première électrode (10), au moins une couche électrochrome (24), un électrolyte (7) et une seconde électrode (14), la largeur de la première électrode (10) et/ou de la seconde électrode (14) étant supérieure au moins d'un facteur deux à la largeur des cellules électrochromes (6), et l'élément d'image comprenant au moins trois cellules électrochromes (6) dans la zone de recoupement (18) entre la première et la seconde électrode.
PCT/EP2006/063595 2005-07-01 2006-06-27 Affichage passif electrochrome et procede de realisation WO2007003533A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112006001648T DE112006001648A5 (de) 2005-07-01 2006-06-27 Elektrochrome Passiv-Anzeige und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005030834.1 2005-07-01
DE102005030834 2005-07-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007003533A1 true WO2007003533A1 (fr) 2007-01-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2006/063595 WO2007003533A1 (fr) 2005-07-01 2006-06-27 Affichage passif electrochrome et procede de realisation

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE112006001648A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007003533A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011119172A1 (de) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-23 Faubel & Co. Nachfolger Gmbh Gedrucktes Display
WO2013117847A1 (fr) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Dispositif electrocommandable
US8941557B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2015-01-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electronic display apparatus, installation pertaining to automation technology, and method for operating an electronic display apparatus

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004226735A (ja) * 2003-01-23 2004-08-12 Seiko Instruments Inc エレクトロクロミック表示装置およびその製造方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004226735A (ja) * 2003-01-23 2004-08-12 Seiko Instruments Inc エレクトロクロミック表示装置およびその製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2003, no. 12 5 December 2003 (2003-12-05) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8941557B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2015-01-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electronic display apparatus, installation pertaining to automation technology, and method for operating an electronic display apparatus
DE102011119172A1 (de) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-23 Faubel & Co. Nachfolger Gmbh Gedrucktes Display
WO2013117847A1 (fr) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Dispositif electrocommandable
US9477130B2 (en) 2012-02-06 2016-10-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Electrocontrollable device

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