WO2006138617A2 - Coin a chargement par le haut possedant un appareil pouvant etre raccorde de maniere ajustable et procede correspondant - Google Patents

Coin a chargement par le haut possedant un appareil pouvant etre raccorde de maniere ajustable et procede correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006138617A2
WO2006138617A2 PCT/US2006/023577 US2006023577W WO2006138617A2 WO 2006138617 A2 WO2006138617 A2 WO 2006138617A2 US 2006023577 W US2006023577 W US 2006023577W WO 2006138617 A2 WO2006138617 A2 WO 2006138617A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dredge
conveyor assembly
sediment
assembly
segment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/023577
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006138617A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael D. Platt
Original Assignee
Platt Michael D
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Platt Michael D filed Critical Platt Michael D
Priority to US11/917,658 priority Critical patent/US20090126238A1/en
Publication of WO2006138617A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006138617A2/fr
Publication of WO2006138617A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006138617A3/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/12—Component parts, e.g. bucket troughs
    • E02F3/14—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains
    • E02F3/143—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains chains; chain links; scraper chains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/082—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain including a belt-type conveyor for transporting the excavated material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/06—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with digging elements mounted on an endless chain
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
    • E02F7/02—Conveying equipment mounted on a dredger
    • E02F7/023—Conveying equipment mounted on a dredger mounted on a floating dredger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of earth and other material handling, in particular dredging.
  • Traditional hydraulic dredging is known to have manifest problems with efficiency, accuracy, and material control.
  • Traditional dredging involves hydraulically pumping fluid from the bottom of the body of water after a cutter of one of several types is used to disrupt mud, silt or gravel on the bed of the body of water. On the surface, solid and liquid matter is separated. Typically, 90% of the material pumped from the bottom of the body of water is fluid, which is highly inefficient.
  • Another technique is a drag line or bucket dredge which must repeatedly haul up bucket full of material from the bottom, one bucket at time which is inefficient because it is slow.
  • the disclosed embodiment of the present invention is a non-hydraulic dredge.
  • the apparatus includes a conveyor or other similar moving belt or chain with a plurality of vanes or cutters attached to it.
  • the conveyor and vanes are at least partially submerged and disposed to be in contact with the bottom of the body of water to be dredged, at least in part.
  • the vanes enter the solid material, cut and section it and then direct the solid matter towards a cutting and lifting apparatus.
  • the disclosed embodiment is a dredge for using on submerged materials such as mud, silt or gravel
  • the invention be used for any earthly material moving on dry or wet ground, submerged or otherwise, including but not limited to hard packed earth, loose earth, dirt, mud, sand, gravel, swamp, bog, peat, tundra or taiga.
  • the entire conveyor and vane assembly is submerged entirely.
  • a horizontal cutter and riser apparatus trails the conveyor/vane apparatus.
  • the cutter is underneath the section of bottom material.
  • Disposed in close cooperation with the cutter is a riser or lifting apparatus.
  • the lifting apparatus deposits the section that cut portion of bottom material onto a conveyor.
  • This conveyor conveys the section of cut bottom material above the surface of the water and deposits it a hopper.
  • the conveyor/vane assembly works in close cooperation with a lifting throat which also extends from the cutter beneath the surface of the bottom of the body of water and extends to above the surface of the water. At the top, trailing end of the throat, the sectioned material is deposited from the conveyor/vane assembly into a hopper.
  • the wedge may be operated in either direction. Bidirectional cutters and material elevation apparatuses enable bi-directional capability.
  • the wedge is equipped with an adjustable apparatus so that the flap, bottom engaging portion of the apparatus may remain level in its engagement in the bottom of the body of water as the depth of the water and consequently the elevation of the non-hydraulic change.
  • a obstruction override and avoidance apparatus is enabled.
  • Figure 1 is side view of a conveyor vane assembly with a cutter and throat.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of a wedge shaped configuration of a conveyor vane assembly with a cutter and throat.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a traction vane assembly disposed in close cooperation with a cutter and lifter apparatus and a lifting conveyor.
  • Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a traction vane assembly disposed in close cooperation with a cutter and lifter apparatus and a lifting conveyor.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the submerged traction vane and cutter assembly together with a lifting and control frame.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of a bi-directional non-hydraulic dredge.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of an elevation adjustable non-hydraulic dredge.
  • Figure 8 is a detailed side view of an elevation adjustable non-hydraulic dredge.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective close up of the elevation adjustable non-hydraulic dredge.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective close up of the elevation adjustable non-hydraulic dredge in a different position.
  • Figure 11 is a top view of an elevation adjustable non-hydraulic dredge.
  • Figure 12 is a side view of another embodiment.
  • Figure 13 is perspective view of a dredge hull having turning anchors mounted on its bow.
  • Figure 14 is a front view of a non-hydraulic dredge hull with positioning anchors mounted its bow.
  • Figure 15 is a side view of a dredge hull with a bottom engaging directional rudder in a removed position.
  • Figure 16 is a side view of a non-hydraulic dredge hull with a bottom engaging rudder in an engaged position.
  • Figure 17 is a top view of a dredge hull with a schematic representation of a bottom engaging rudder.
  • Figure 18 is a side view of a cleat and fin assembly.
  • Figure 19 is a perspective view of a fin.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of an individual cleat.
  • Figure 21 is a side view of an individual fin.
  • Figure 22 is an end view of an individual fin.
  • Figure 23 is a side view of a dredge assembly including sectioning fins.
  • Figure 24 is a perspective view of a releasable throat and sectioning fin assembly.
  • Figure 25 is a perspective view of releasable throat and sectioning fin assembly having one released throat section.
  • Figure 26 depicts a dredge having containment skirts.
  • Figure 27 is a front view of a dredge including a guard rail.
  • Figure 28 is a side view of a dredge including a guard rail.
  • Figure 29 is a perspective view of a tracked embodiment.
  • Figure 30 is a side view of a tracked embodiment.
  • Figure 31 is a side view of a dredge assembly having a tensioning roller.
  • Figure 32 is a top view of a tracked embodiment.
  • Figure 1 depicts a conveyor vane assembly.
  • a plurality of vanes 1 are attached to a conveyor 2.
  • a conveyor is disposed to rotate partially around each of an upper and a lower wheel 12.
  • Either or both of the wheels 12 may be a drive wheel.
  • Either wheel may also be an undriven return wheel.
  • Either or both wheels may be controlled and maintained by tensioning devices 9 and 10.
  • Structural support for the upper aspect of the moving conveyor 2 is provided by a linear upper slide 8 over which the conveyor 2 travels.
  • a lower slide 11 provides support for the flexible conveyor on its underside return path.
  • a substantially horizontal cutter blade 4 Disposed to work in close cooperation with the vanes 2 at their lowermost and deepest penetration into the bottom material is a substantially horizontal cutter blade 4.
  • the cutter blade 4 is positioned and maintained by a lower support structure 5.
  • the lower support structure 5 is also integrally formed or assembled with a lifting throat providing a surface disposed to work in close cooperation with the outer edge of each of the plurality of vanes.
  • the lower support structure 5 extends upwards and rearwards relative to the direction of travel (arrow A).
  • the lower support structure extends above the surface of the water, as does the upper and rearward portion of the conveyor vane assembly.
  • a side shield 14 Extending the length of the lower support unit and, optionally, above it is a side shield 14. The side shield may be disposed in close cooperation with the sides of the vanes 2.
  • the conveyor rotates in a clockwise direction as depicted in Figure 1 such that each vane in turn as the dredge moves forward is brought into contact with the bottom material.
  • the vane driven by the conveyor and supported by the weight and pressure of the dredge above it, cuts into the bottom material as indicated at vane 2A.
  • each vane in its lowermost position (2A) presents a laterally sectioned portion of bottom material to the cutting blade 4.
  • the cutting blade cuts under the section of material.
  • the material is urged upwards and rearwards on the throat, which is comprised of the lower support structure 5.
  • a left and right side shield 14 at its lowermost portion 14A cuts the bottom material along its side, thus completely separating a section of bottom material from the rest of the continuous bottom.
  • the forward motion of the dredge and continued rearward clockwise rotation of the conveyor and vanes urges each fully cut and section portion of bottom material rearwards from the cutting blade and therefrom upwards onto the lower support structure and into the lifting throat.
  • continued rotation of the conveyor continuously urges sectioned material upwards and rearwards until it is lifted above the water surface level and to a position roughly proximate to the upper rearward wheel 12.
  • a discharge chute 15 guides the sectioned material into a hopper.
  • the structure receiving the sectioned and lifted material may be any suitable material handling structure including without limitation a hopper, a barge, a standing conveyor, a floating conveyor, a multi-hull, deposit and transport assembly or system or a single hull deposit and transfer configuration. Illustrations of examples of such receiving structures are found in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/486,280, which is incorporated fully by reference herein.
  • a third wheel is used to configure the conveyor vane assembly into a wedge, see Figure 2.
  • a plurality of vanes 101 are attached to a conveyor 102 which is supported by an upper slide in its upper aspect 103.
  • three wheels 107 orient the conveyor 102 such that a portion of it 102 A is placed flat along the bottom surface for a length defined by the distance between lead wheel 107A and trailing bottom wheel 107B. Any single one or any combination of wheels 107 may be a drive wheel.
  • the conveyor 102 is further supported by an upper slide 103, lower slide 109 and back slide 108. The two slides in turn are structurally supported by tension devices 110.
  • a cutting blade 106 is disposed horizontally and beneath the surface of the bottom material in order to cut and separate sections of material presented to the cutter blade by the advancing conveyor/vane assembly.
  • the cutting blade 106 is backed by the lower support structure 104 and, as before, flanked by a shield 105 on either side.
  • a discharge chute 15 again is oriented to deposit the cut and lifted sections of bottom material into a receiving structure.
  • the conveyor 102 rotates around the wheels and translates between them in a clockwise direction as depicted in Figure 2 so that each of the plurality of vanes 101 in turn cuts into the bottom material as it rotates around lead wheel 107A.
  • each vane having cut into the bottom material, remains relatively stationary to the bottom material as the dredge and conveyor wedge moves forward over it.
  • each vane Upon reaching the lower rear wheel 107B, each vane in turn rotates around it and, again in close cooperation with the lower support structure, and sides 104 and side shields 105, which together form the lifting throat, urges a cut and sectioned portion of bottom material upwards and rearwards along the throat.
  • the upper portion of the throat and upper rearward wheel 107C are above the surface of the water, such that when a section of bottom material reaches a discharge chute 115, it drops into the receiving structure.
  • a support structure 201 supports a lifting conveyor 209.
  • the lower, lead portion of the lifting conveyor 209 is disposed substantially at or near the surface of a bottom of the body of water.
  • the upper and rear portion of the lifting conveyor 209 is disposed substantially at or above the surface of the body of water and oriented to deposit cut and sectioned portions of bottom material into a receiving structure.
  • Material is cut and advanced onto the lifting conveyor 209 by a cutter blade 204, which is again disposed to be substantially horizontal and beneath the surface of the bottom material.
  • the cutting blade 204 is attached to a mold board or lifter 203 which raises the cut portion of bottom material onto the lift conveyor 209.
  • the forward advancement of the dredge as indicated by arrow A serves to force the blade 204 forward to cut the material and also to urge the material onto the lift conveyor 209.
  • the lift conveyor 209 includes upper and lower wheels 212 and, optionally, intermediate idler wheels 214 and a lower support shield 213 internally, as best seen in Figure 4. These components may be supported, protected and contained by side shields 211.
  • a traction device indicated generally at 220 In advance of the cutter blade 204 is a traction device indicated generally at 220.
  • This device is again comprised of a conveyor, belt, chain or other flexible rotating assembly 206.
  • Disposed on the belt 206 are cleats or vanes 207.
  • This traction device may be driven through one or more of its wheels 214A.
  • the traction device is disposed immediately before the cutter blade 4 in the depicted embodiment.
  • the traction device may be placed farther in advance.
  • the vanes or cleats 207 rotate clockwise as depicted in the figures such that the rotation of belt presents each vane in turn at the leading edge of the traction device for cutting into the surface end of the bottom material.
  • a support structure for the traction device and separate lift conveyor embodiment of the present invention is presented in Figure 5. This is comprised of a support structure 220 and a surface superstructure 216.
  • the surface superstructure is fixedly attached to a hull 215.
  • the support structure for the lift conveyor 209 is attached to the hull at 211 with hinge pins 230.
  • the frame 220 is attached to the superstructure.
  • the entire lift conveyor may be raised or lowered by means of hydraulic lift arms 221 which are anchored at either end on the frame 220 and the surface frame 216. Further control and support may be had by operative connection of a lift cable 218 as operated by a winch 217 and attached to the frame 220 at anchor 219.
  • the traction device in the embodiment depicted in Figure 5 may be controlled in its angle relative to the bottom surface by means of its mounting and control assembly.
  • the traction device is attached to a lift conveyor superstructure 201 with support arms 223. These support arms are hingedly attached to the lift conveyor superstructure 201.
  • the support arms 223 may be controlled by hydraulic rams 222 connected to the support arms 223 and a first end into the frame 220 at a second end.
  • a control frame 227 is provided at a forward portion of the traction device.
  • Control frame 227 is attached to the traction device near its forward aspect.
  • the attachment may be hinged 228.
  • An anchor 225 serves to mount a second lifting and control cable 224 which may be operated with winch 226.
  • Figure 6 depicts another embodiment of the present invention having a bidirectional capability.
  • This non-hydraulic dredge may be operated in direction A in which case cutter 304 and material elevation apparatus 303 still cut and elevate the bottom material.
  • collapsible throat 302 elevates above the contact point.
  • Bottom contact surface 305 of the dredge conveyor is exposed for dredging contact with the bottom of the body of water by elevation of collapsible throat assembly 302.
  • cutter and material elevation assembly 303 is raised up and away from the contact point of the bottom of the body of water with engagement portion 305 of the conveyor.
  • Collapsible throat 302 in the depicted embodiment has two parts, 312 and 314, lower component 312 includes a cutter 316.
  • lower component 312 and cutter 316 may pivotably rotate counterclockwise in Figure 6 in order to telescope into upper component 314.
  • the entire assembly 302 may be elevated.
  • elevation of lower component 312 and/or the entire assembly 302 is by pivoting around pivot point 320.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the present invention is depicted in Figure 7.
  • hull 407 supports crane 404 with the boom and grapple for multiple purposes, including removal of obstructions.
  • a wood chipper and exhaust chute assembly 403 is available for elimination of wooden obstructions, such as trees.
  • a transfer conveyor 402 receives elevated bottom material in order to discharge it to a hopper on hull 407 or alternatively an off hull receptacle, including either another conveyor, another hull or direct deposit in a preferred location for material deposit.
  • non-hydraulic dredge assembly 401 is disposed to engage top surface 406 of the bottom of the body of water at bottom engagement surface 420.
  • throat assembly 424 including cutter 426 cuts the pre-selected depth of bottom material from the bottom of the body of water to a depth 409 selected by the user.
  • Throat assembly 424 deposits the material on the upper traveling top surface of the conveyor/non-hydraulic dredge 401 in order that the material may be carried out of the water, through the hull and deposited on transfer conveyor 402. [0061] In Figure 8, details of the non-hydraulic bottom engaging dredge are shown.
  • Conveyor assembly 401 is comprised of a cleated belt 430. Rollers 432 and conveyor frame components 443 support the conveyor. One or more of top roller 432a, bottom front roller 432b or bottom back roller 432c may be powered for driving the conveyor.
  • the preferred direction of travel is to the left of Figures 7 - 10.
  • the conveyor would rotate counterclockwise in Figures 7 - 10.
  • the movement of the conveyor and the engagement of its cleats or vanes with the bottom material provides drive to the entire dredge vessel. Depth control is by cleat length.
  • Efficient operation of the dredge is optimized if engagement surface 411 remains level, or at least substantially parallel with the slope or grade of the top surface of the bottom material of the body of water. Operating problems will include maintaining this flat engagement of bottom engagement surface 411 with the bottom material when the depth of the water changes. Another problem is meeting and overcoming without damage, delay, or unnecessary failure to dredge a portion of the bottom when an obstruction is met.
  • adjustable tensioners provide for flexible and user selectable adjustment of the angle and position of the overall non-hydraulic dredge 401 and conveyor in order to meet these and overcome these operational problems.
  • At least one of formed portions 433 are mounted such that they can move relative to the bottom of the body of water and/or to the hull on which they are mounted.
  • front member 433a may be pivoted, substantially around pivot point 412 to extend forward of the rest of the overall dredge assembly 401 or towards the bow of the hull by extension of telescoping arm 450.
  • front bottom roller 432b may be extended or retracted through the use of telescoping arm 437 on which it is mounted.
  • Telescoping arms 437 may be further mounted on a pivot point 452 in order to accommodate a change angle between bottom engaging surface 411 and front frame member 433a and the conveyor riding on it.
  • telescoping arm 438 is mounted at a bottom end of rear support frame element 433b and extends or retracts substantially parallel to the long dimension of rear frame element 433b.
  • Figure 9 depicts the overall assembly of the non-hydraulic dredge 401 and the cleated conveyor engaging a bottom surface in a first position, hi this position the difference between front bottom roller 432b and the rear frame portion 433b with the conveyor riding on it is relatively narrow through dimension C (telescoping adjustment arms have been omitted from Figures 9 and 10 for clarity and illustrating the variability of the position of the components).
  • dimension C has been expanded, by extending telescoping arm 437 (again omitted from Figure 10 for clarity).
  • the entire dredge assembly 401 can further be adjusted rearwardly relative to the hull by allowing for such pivoting, as for example at schematically depicted mount 460, which would essentially pivot around the axis of top roller 432a. Accordingly, it is anticipated that a rearward pivoting of the overall assembly 401 and narrowing of dimension C would allow optimized contact with the bottom of bottom engaging portion 411 in a shallower depth. For a deeper depth, the components would be adjusted more as depicted in Figure 10. That is, the overall assembly 401 would be rotated in direction D and dimension C would be expanded.
  • bottom engaging portion 411 would continue to maintain substantially full contact with the surface of the bottom of the body of water, allowing for efficient dredging of it.
  • the embodiment as depicted in Figures 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 12 may be mounted otherwise than on a hollow or floatation device.
  • the chain, belts and other apparatus as disclosed herein as the invention may be applied for use in a wide variety of applications, including without limitations those that are not submerged such as dry land, and loose earth, hard packed earth, loose rock, gravel, sand, oil sand, waste fills, trash, refuse, quarried products, or other mixed uses that are neither purely dry land nor submerged, such as swamps, bogs, peat, tundra or taiga.
  • Another operational problem is meeting and overcoming obstructions. If a semi-submerged rock or tree is met by the dredge, the compression of telescoping arm 437 would be capable of narrowing dimension C in order to allow the leading edge of the engagement surface 401 (that portion of the conveyor turning around bottom front roller 432b) to rise up over the obstruction. Alternatively or additionally, the entire assembly 401 may pivot upwardly and rearwardly relative to the hull, or, in a direction opposite to indicated direction D in Figure 10, in order to provide further elevation for riding up and over a submerged obstruction.
  • rear throat assembly 424 is provisioned as described in Figure 6 above so that it may elevate cutter 426 and the overall assembly 424 upwards, counterclockwise in the figures and away from the obstruction in order to avoid it.
  • assembly 424 elevates by pivoting around pivot point 428.
  • Figure 11 is a top view of one configuration of the non-hydraulic dredge of the present invention on a hull 407.
  • Dredge assembly 401 would deposit material elevated from the bottom in a transfer conveyor 402 where it could be selectively deposited in turn onto side conveyors 474a or 474b for direct re-deposit in a user selected position, deposit on another hull or deposit into a hopper.
  • the overall apparatus 500 moves in the direction indicated by arrow A.
  • the belt, drive chain and vanes rotate clockwise as shown in Figure 12 or, in the direction indicated by arrow B.
  • Apparatus 500 is comprised of a side panel 501 onto which are mounted drive and idling wheels 502.
  • gears 502 may be drive wheels, but in the depicted embodiment the lower two wheels are drive wheels.
  • Any drive system may be employed to generate drive, including without limitation engines and motors, but in the depicted embodiment hydrostatic drive is used.
  • upper wheel 502A is deployed as an idling wheel. Accordingly, tensioning device 506 is used for an operator to maintain an optimal tension on the drive chain/belt/vane assembly.
  • the drive chain 503 engages with the teeth of the drive gears 502 in order to rotate the chain.
  • belt 505 Attached to the chain is belt 505, which provides a continuous surface from one side wall 501 to a second side wall (obscured in the side view of Figure 12).
  • Belt 505 also provides a continuous, substantially uninterrupted top surface for a section of sediment, earth or other material to be lifted as belt 505 proceeds along a top surface of the sediment 512 to be lifted.
  • a plurality of vanes 504 are structurally attached to drive chain 503 in the depicted embodiment and along belt 505. Together the drive chain 503, belt 505 and vanes 504 comprise a conveyor assembly.
  • This conveyor assembly may be mounted in a variety of manners without departing from the scope of the present invention, including without limitation a single floating hull, pontoons, multiple hulls, static conveyors, moveable conveyors, trucks or other earth moving apparatuses.
  • each successive vane 504 is driven by the weight of the dredge into the bottom material 512 in the vicinity of leading drive wheel 502.
  • This sediment or sand material is also being penetrated by the leading edge of the substantially vertical side wall 501.
  • a section of sediment is cut by the combination of each successive vane 504 with a first and second side wall 501.
  • the pressure of at least one vane being driven rearward against the sediment or other material 512 drives the dredge forward.
  • four vanes 504 are fully engaged with the bottom material at all times, providing propulsion.
  • the belt 505, sidewalls 501, and vanes 504 cut the sediment to be lifted into a section having a top (with belt 505) side (at side plates 501) front and back (successive vanes 504).
  • the section of material to be lifted is completed by a substantially horizontal cut into the bottom material by cutter bar 510 at level 513.
  • a section of material 514 is cut by the cutter bar 510, which cut comprises the sixth and final side of the section of material to be lifted.
  • a plurality of transverse plates 508 which together comprise a lifting throat.
  • this assembly is angled such that as it rounds wheel 502A, the force of gravity causes each sediment section to fall from the assembly into a receiving device such as any of those described hereinabove, for example a conveyor or hopper.
  • the cutter bar 510 and partitioned throat 508 assembly is designed to retract.
  • the cutter bar 510 and each transverse section 508 of the throat are disposed to be held in place by and slide along guide rails 509.
  • the guide rails are attached to the side walls 501.
  • An upper terminal transverse throat panel 508 is in contact with the piston of hydraulic arm 507.
  • the pressure exerted by this arm is selectable by an operator, in order to maintain a selected pressure for cutting the material being worked upon and also for maintaining a selected "break away" pressure at which the cutter bar and panels will retract when brought into contact with a submerged object such as a large rock, tree, debris or otherwise.
  • the transverse panels of the throat 508 and cutter bar retract upwards and rearwards along the guide tracks 509 and are retained therein until such time as the obstacle has been traveled over by the dredge 500.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic arm 507 acts to return the throat downwards and forwards repositioning the throat and also the cutter bar 510 in reestablishing cutting engagement with the bottom material.
  • Figures 13 and 14 depict a non-hydraulic dredge hull with positioning anchors of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of the hull 600 having a non- hydraulic dredge wedge assembly installed thereon 610.
  • the hull includes (in schematic representation) starboard 621, center 622 and port 623 positioning anchors.
  • Figure 14 is a front view of the hull showing the bow 620 and the starboard 621, center 622 and port 623 positioning anchors.
  • Figure 2 depicts the body of water in which the hull 300 floats and further depicts the soft bottom surface of the body of water.
  • the starboard anchor 621 is vertically extended downwardly to an extent sufficient to sink into the mud, silt or other material composing the bottom of the body of water.
  • a typical non-hydraulic dredge has a dredging breadth as wide as the dredge head.
  • the dredge will need to make a first pass which will be as wide as the head breadth and then make successive passes.
  • each pass is adjacent to the previous pass in order to dredge the entire bottom surface as required.
  • it may be problematic to properly position the dredge hull to ensure that the second pass is optimally adjacent to the first pass.
  • the positioning anchors of the present invention insure a proper beginning position for a next pass relative to a previous pass and also reduce turning time.
  • a side anchor that is starboard 621 or port 623, at an operators discretion, is mechanically, in the depicted embodiment hydraulically, extended vertically downwards until it engages the bottom of the body of water being dredged. The positioning anchor is driven into the bottom of the body of water to a depth sufficient to maintain a position of the dredge during a turning operation.
  • the dredge head 640 is disengaged from the bottom of the body of water, as by buoyancy compensation, mechanical retraction, extension of the positioning anchor itself, or any combination of these. Thereafter, the hull is turned around the positioning anchor. Turning may be achieved by a conventional propeller and rudder, side thrusters 630, a bottom engaging rudder as described below, or any combination thereof. Being anchored, the hull will turn in a radius centered on the engaged anchor. After turning 180 degrees, the hull will be properly positioned for a next pass that will be adjacent to the previous pass.
  • the dredge head When in its proper position, the dredge head is re-engaged with the bottom of the body of water and anchor is retracted from the extended position, again hydraulically in the depicted embodiment. Then the next dredging pass is initiated.
  • the outboard heads positioning anchors 621 and 623 are substantially in line with the outer edge of the dredge head 640, such that they are as far apart as the dredge head is wide.
  • a bottom engaging directional rudder is disclosed.
  • a hull 700 has attached to its stern a boom 710 that is mounted to the hull 700 with a pivot 712 such that the boom 710 may be pivotably raised and lowered.
  • the axis of pivot 712 is substantially horizontal.
  • Raising and lowering the boom 710 is effected with an actuator 714 which, in the depicted embodiment, is hydraulic.
  • an actuator 714 which, in the depicted embodiment, is hydraulic.
  • a directional rudder 720 At a distal end of the boom 710 is a directional rudder 720.
  • the rudder is circular and narrow relative to its radius.
  • the edge of the rudder 720 may be sharp.
  • the bottom engaging rudder 720 is depicted in a retracted or elevated position.
  • the same directional rudder 720 is depicted in a lowered or engaged position.
  • a portion of the bottom engaging rudder 720 is engaged with, that is, sunk into, the material comprising the bottom of the body of water. This may be mud, clay, silt, gravel or otherwise.
  • the bottom engaging rudder is designed and operated such that its entry into the bottom material is less than its radius. That is, the axle 722 on which the bottom engaging rudder 720 is mounted to the boom 710, does not engage or descend below the top surface of the bottom material.
  • the bottom engaging rudder is schematically presented on the stern of the hull 700.
  • Rudder 720 is mounted with the axle 722 to the boom 710.
  • the boom 710 is further attached to the hull 700 with a mount 730 configured to provide its lateral turning, as by pivoting around an axis that is substantially vertical.
  • the bottom engaging rudder is lowered vertically, with hydraulics in the depicted embodiment, until it engages the bottom material.
  • the bottom engaging rudder 720 rolls forward, cutting its way through the bottom material.
  • an operator engages an actuator 730 also, hydraulic in the depicted embodiment, to pivot the boom 710 as the user selects from side to side to turn the hull.
  • the positioning anchors appear on the bow of the hull and the bottom engaging rudder on the stern. It is within the scope of the present invention that positioning anchors and bottom engaging devices such as the rudder 720 may all be attached to the hull at any point; bow, stern, sides or bottom.
  • a novel cleat and fin arrangement is disclosed in Figs. 18 through 22.
  • a broad belt segmenting broad rectangles of sediment for raising may be divided into subsections transverse to the belt. It is also advantageous to bolster the strength of transverse vanes or cleats.
  • a combination of interacting cleats and fins are disclosed.
  • a chain 806 rotates around the drive wheels and carries with it a belt 804.
  • cleats 802 On top of the belt are cleats 802 which serve the same function vanes depicted in previous embodiments of sectioning mud or sediment to be lifted.
  • Each cleat 802 has a foot 803 which attaches to the belt 804 and/or chain 806 underneath it.
  • each fin 808 is aligned longitudinally with the belt 804 and chain 806 as depicted in Fig. 21.
  • Each vane is comprised of a side 820 which is longitudinally aligned and an angled base comprised of a fin foot 812 and a fin lead face 810.
  • the fin base 806 is transverse to the belt 804 and is mounted on it.
  • the fin face plate 810 is disclosed to abut an adjacent cleat 802 when the belt 804 is flat.
  • each fin 808 further has a notch 816 in its leading edge and a extension 818 in its tailing edge.
  • each cleat or vane has a vertical member 802 which serves to section the mud as described above.
  • Each cleat or vane also has a foot 803 for mounting onto the belt 804.
  • Each cleat also has a notch 822 dimensioned and positioned to interact with the extension 818 of each fin.
  • These components interact and combine to provide strength to the cleats as they section mud or sediment. They also divide sections of mud or sediment into smaller volumes for ease of cutting and lifting.
  • the notch and extension arrangement for interaction between each cleat and the adjacent fin promotes unloading of sediment as each cleat and fin rounds the upper wheel.
  • FIGs 23 through 25 depicts a wedge conveyor, non-hydraulic dredge employing the cleat and fin assembly.
  • the belt rotates counterclockwise for a direction of travel for the overall dredge to the left in Figure 23.
  • Each fin trailing edge rotates away from the belt at each rotation of the belt around a wheel.
  • this rotation promotes the ejection of a section of sediment from the belt.
  • the fins may advantageously exceed the cleats in depth. This will promote the contacting and driving away from the belt and other operational components of the dredge any submerged obstructions.
  • the fins 802 further provide reinforcement to keep loading forces from pulling the cleats backward or out of vertical with the belt and thereby warping the belt and/or drive chains away from the drive wheels and sprockets.
  • FIG 24 is a perspective view of an assembly including support fins 802.
  • the support fins subdivide a transverse section between cleats 802 into four sections.
  • the outermost section edges are defined by the sidewalls 834 of the dredge.
  • This construction further allows the fins 808 to be a greater depth than the cleats 802 in order to provide protection from submerged and buried objects.
  • Each adjacent throat section 838 is mounted to a side wall 834 of the dredge at pivoting mount 844 and to a frame portion 840 with mounting rods 842.
  • Each throat section 838 is configured to release or "trip" in the event that its leading edge, which is the cutting edge 846, hits a buried or submerged obstacle.
  • Each throat section 838 is biased into its down and engaged cutting position for normal operation and maintained there at a preconfigured pressure.
  • hydraulic rams 848 apply this pressure. The pressure is preconfigured to be overcome when it exceeds a threshold and that threshold is anticipated to be set at the degree of resistance corresponding to the cutting edge 846 meeting and buried obstruction that would otherwise break the throat component 838.
  • FIG 25 another perspective view of the sectioned assembly with fins depicts one of the throat sections 838 in its released or tripped position, which allows a buried obstruction to pass. Sediment Containment Skirts
  • the dredge of the present invention may further reduce sedimentation with the advantageous use of sediment containment skirts.
  • two to four containment skirts 902, 904 extending from the hull of the dredge down to the bottom of the body of water and, optionally, into the sediment forming the bottom are containment skirts. These skirts are outside the footprint of the dredge itself and its contact with the bottom of the body of water. These skirts may be made of flexible material, or alternatively, solid material such as steel mounted in a pivoting fashion.
  • any small amount of sediment suspended into the body of water by the operation of a dredge is maintained within the immediate vicinity of the dredge by the skirts and thereby further suppressing the suspension of sediments and the bottom of water at large, outside the skirts.
  • certain instructions are known to exist in and under the sediment comprising the bottom of the waterway.
  • some floating docks are anchored by a network of chains.
  • a guard rail 1002 Depicted in Fig. 27 and Fig. 28 are a guard rail 1002. In a depicted embodiment it is centered underneath the conveyor and its vanes. The guard rail 1002 descends into the sediment or other bottom material to a depth (C). This depth is deeper than a depth (D) at which side rails 1004 operate. The depth of vanes 1006, attached as before to a drive chain and/or belt (obscured) may alternately penetrate to a depth of the side plates 1004, or be more shallow than the side plates 1004. In any event, any depth of vane penetration or side wall penetration shallower than a penetration depth of the guard rail 1002 is within the scope of the present invention.
  • a side view of the guard rail is shown 1002 including a mount assembly 1008 attaching the guard rail 1002 to the side rails.
  • the dredge conveyor operates as previously described, with conveyor 1010 conveying vanes 1006 around wheels 1014 to section and lift sediment from the bottom.
  • the guard rail 1002 may be disposed to present only an edge to the direction of travel, thereby minimally impeding forward progress and the power needed to attain it.
  • the leading edge of guard rail 1002 may optionally extend ahead of the leading edge of the side walls 1004, with a direction of travel being in either direction.
  • underwater obstructions contact the leading edge of the guard rail 1002 and, as the dredge moves forward, the guard rail and dredge rise and/or the obstruction sinks, thereby allowing the dredge assembly to travel over the obstruction.
  • a further embodiment of the present invention is depicted in figures 29 - 31, as a track mounted dredge.
  • a dredge assembly 1102 is mounted on a chassis, hull, frame or platform 1104.
  • At least one pontoon 1106 is mounted on the chassis 1108 .
  • the deck 1104 may alternatively be directly mounted on the pontoons and together serve to mount the dredge assembly 1102.
  • Each pontoon 1106 has mounted thereon a propulsion device.
  • the propulsion device is a rotating track 1110 mounted around a perimeter of each pontoon.
  • Each track 1110 submerges below a water level 1112 to drivingly engage a bottom surface 1114.
  • a new bottom surface 1116 trails the dredge assembly.
  • the contents of the pontoons may be controlled with ballast tanks 1120 and pumps 1122 such that their buoyancy and thereby the weight of the dredge transferred to the bottom surface through the tracks may selectively controlled, as well as the relative force exerted by the dredge assembly 1102 on the bottom material.
  • the depicted embodiment is readily adaptable to swamp, marsh, taiga, tundra or other soft, marginal terrain for which a more amphibious device is desirable.
  • An offloading conveyor 1130 may be mounted to dispose of dredged material 1132 for direct deposit on an island or levee to be built or to a barge for remote deposit. Dredged material may be dumped on the conveyor 1130 directly from the dredge assembly 1102, as depicted in figure 30, or via a transfer conveyor 1134, as depicted in figure 29. Power may be delivered to all powered elements from a power source 1140 such as an engine. Control of all elements may be had through a pilot house 1142.
  • a power source 1140 such as an engine. Control of all elements may be had through a pilot house 1142.
  • Figure 31 depicts an alternative dredge assembly 1102 that may be mounted on any embodiment, but for illustration is shown in figures 29 and 30. It includes a tensioning roller 1150.
  • the tensioning roller 1150 together with wheels 1152 deploy the dredge conveyor 1154 in a path that becomes entirely inverted over a transfer conveyor 1134, thus facilitating the ejection of dredged material from the dredge vanes 1156 and onto the transfer conveyor 1134.
  • the tensioning roller 1150 may be further mounted to the deck 1104 either rigidly or on a moveable mount 1160 such as a shock absorbing, sprung or hydraulically controlled shaft such that tension of the dredge conveyor 1154 may also be controlled and/or extraordinary stresses on the dredge conveyor may be absorbed without damage or work interruption.
  • a moveable mount 1160 such as a shock absorbing, sprung or hydraulically controlled shaft such that tension of the dredge conveyor 1154 may also be controlled and/or extraordinary stresses on the dredge conveyor may be absorbed without damage or work interruption.
  • Figure 32 is a top view of the tracked embodiment showing the moveable mount 1160, as well as the other components. It further shows a space or throughole in the deck 1104 dimensioned to accommodate the dredge assembly 1102.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Framework For Endless Conveyors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une drague non hydraulique constituée d'un ensemble d'entraînement à aubes convoyeur / traction / entraînement. L'invention concerne un mode de réalisation bidirectionnel, et également un mode de réalisation permettant d'ajuster l'élévation et à surmonter les obstacles.
PCT/US2006/023577 2005-06-17 2006-06-16 Coin a chargement par le haut possedant un appareil pouvant etre raccorde de maniere ajustable et procede correspondant WO2006138617A2 (fr)

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US11/917,658 US20090126238A1 (en) 2005-06-17 2006-06-16 Top Loading Wedge with Adjustably Engageable Bottom Apparatus and Method

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US69172405P 2005-06-17 2005-06-17
US60/691,724 2005-06-17
US71222805P 2005-08-29 2005-08-29
US60/712,228 2005-08-29
US72348505P 2005-10-04 2005-10-04
US60/723,485 2005-10-04
US73688605P 2005-11-15 2005-11-15
US60/736,886 2005-11-15
US80017206P 2006-05-13 2006-05-13
US60/800,172 2006-05-13

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US20090126238A1 (en) 2009-05-21

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