WO2006136884A1 - Device for measuring indirect cable tensions - Google Patents

Device for measuring indirect cable tensions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006136884A1
WO2006136884A1 PCT/IB2006/000649 IB2006000649W WO2006136884A1 WO 2006136884 A1 WO2006136884 A1 WO 2006136884A1 IB 2006000649 W IB2006000649 W IB 2006000649W WO 2006136884 A1 WO2006136884 A1 WO 2006136884A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
measurement
angle
rope
force
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PCT/IB2006/000649
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Günter CZALOUN
Original Assignee
Czaloun Hans Guenter
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Publication of WO2006136884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006136884A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
    • G01L5/10—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using electrical means
    • G01L5/107—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using electrical means for measuring a reaction force applied on an element disposed between two supports, e.g. on a plurality of rollers or gliders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
    • G01L5/10—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using electrical means
    • G01L5/102—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using electrical means using sensors located at a non-interrupted part of the flexible member

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the indirect measurement of rope tensions in which the rope by a defined transverse force N against 2 fixed points bent and the generated bending angle ß is measured directly on the rope is the relation of lateral force and bending angle is used as a measure of the cable force T.
  • Rope crushing induced displacement does not differ from that caused by bending of the rope, i. the measurement is based z.T. on an incorrect assumption.
  • Another source of error for conventional equipment is the incorrect assumption of a constant span between the support points.
  • the theoretically assumed point-shaped support of the rope is not possible.
  • the support points are saddle-shaped so that the span is shortened with increasing deflection which changes the assumed relation between lateral force, punch displacement and cable force.
  • the error sources mentioned depend essentially on the design and the diameter of the rope to be tested and can therefore be compensated only to a small extent.
  • the subject invention aims essentially to eliminate the above-mentioned sources of error in the indirect cable force measurement. This is inventively achieved in that in the loaded by a transverse force rope is not used in a known manner, the deflection as the second measure but the directly detected by an independent system for angle measurement angle ß.
  • the measuring device has a rigid frame (1) in the center of a movable punch (2) and at the edges of the abutment (3) are integrated.
  • the sliding punch exerts on the rope (4) a
  • the stamp can be moved in any way.
  • the punch is designed as a spindle and the displacement is generated by a manually operated nut (5).
  • the lateral force N exerted by the punch is measured by a load cell (6) or by a hydraulic or other system.
  • the abutments (3) are hinged in the frame in the example to prevent frictional forces due to the shifting rope.
  • the angle measurement system forms one from the rest of the
  • Device independent unit It consists essentially of the two by the axis (7) pivotally interconnected legs (8) and (9) and a measuring device (10) which registers the rotation of one leg relative to the other. Due to the non-positive pressing of the legs (8) and (9) on the rope via the terminals (11) corresponds to the measuring device (10) registered twist the bending angle ß of the rope.
  • the angle measurement system is free to move relative to the rest of the equipment and therefore occupies a position determined solely by the rope. Thus influencing the angle measurement by externally introduced forces, deformations or displacements can not occur.
  • the system for angle measurement is preferably connected to the rest of the device in such a way that free mobility in all directions is maintained by correspondingly large clearances.
  • the angle measurement can be done in different ways.
  • the measurement is carried out by a link (12) which is solid with the leg (9) and which displaces the measuring pin of a dial gauge (10) which is integral with the leg (8).
  • a link (12) which is solid with the leg (9) and which displaces the measuring pin of a dial gauge (10) which is integral with the leg (8).
  • the punch (2) is displaced until the bending angle indicated by the dial gauge (10) indicates a predetermined value.
  • This predetermined value is due to the mathematical relationships between
  • Shear force N, bending angle ⁇ and cable T are chosen so that the desired cable pull by simple multiplication of the value indicated by the load cell (6), for. is obtained with the factor 10.
  • Another method could be that both measuring signals, ie that of the acting lateral force and that the bending angle generated in each position of the punch can be automatically processed by a computer and as a result, the cable force T can be read directly without any arithmetic operation by the operator.

Abstract

According to the invention, a cable (4) is bent under the effect of a defined transversal force N in relation to two fixed points (3) and the produced deflection angle ß is directly measured by a system which is connected in a positive fit to the cable and which is used to measure angles (8) (9) (10). The relation between the transversal force N and the deflection angle ß is used to determine the active cable force T.

Description

Gerät zum indirekten Messen von SeilspannungenDevice for the indirect measurement of rope tensions
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Gerät zum indirekten Messen von Seilspannungen bei dem das Seil durch eine definierte Querkraft N gegenüber 2 Fixpunkten durchgebogen und der erzeugte Knickwinkel ß direkt am Seil gemessen wird wobei die Relation aus Querkraft und Knickwinkel als Maß für die Seilkraft T herangezogen wird.The present invention relates to a device for the indirect measurement of rope tensions in which the rope by a defined transverse force N against 2 fixed points bent and the generated bending angle ß is measured directly on the rope is the relation of lateral force and bending angle is used as a measure of the cable force T.
Zur direkten Bestimmung einer Seilkraft kommen so weit . als möglich Dynamometer zum Einsatz die zwischen einem Seilende und einem Verankerungspunkt eingefügt werden. Eine derartige Umleitung der Seilkräfte ist aber oft unmöglich oder gefährlich und bedeutet auf jeden Fall einen erheblichen Arbeitsaufwand. Oft scheidet die direkte Messung auch aus weil hohe Seilkräfte die Kapazität der normalerweise verfügbaren Dynamometer übersteigt .For the direct determination of a cable force come so far. as possible dynamometers for use inserted between a rope end and an anchoring point. Such a diversion of the rope forces is often impossible or dangerous and definitely means a considerable amount of work. Often the direct measurement is also eliminated because high rope forces exceed the capacity of the normally available dynamometers.
Bei Fällen in denen die direkte Kraftmessung mittels Dynamometer ausscheidet können verschiedene Formen von indirekten Messungen zur Anwendung kommen. Bei diesen Verfahren werden üblicherweise 2 unterschiedliche Messgrößen registriert die dann durch mathematische Verknüpfung einen Rückschluss auf die Seilkraft erlauben. U.a. sind Messgeräte bekannt die das zu prüfende Seil durch eine Querkraft belasten wobei durch die gleichzeitige Messung der dabei erzeugten Durchbiegung auf die im Seil wirksame Zugkraft geschlossen werden kann. Üblicherweise wird dabei die Querkraft durch einen hydraulisch betätigten Stempel erzeugt der das auf 2 Fixpunkten aufliegende Seil durchbiegt wobei z.B. der Druck des Öls als Maß für die Größe der Querkraft und die Verschiebung des Stempels als Maß für die Durchbiegung herangezogen wird. Die mathematische Verknüpfung beider Messresultate liefet angenähert den gesuchten Seilzug. Bei diesem Prinzip treten jedoch unerwünschte Nebeneffekte auf welche die Genauigkeit der Messung beeinträchtigen .In cases in which the direct force measurement by means of dynamometer excretes different forms of indirect measurements can be used. In these methods, usually two different measured variables are registered which then allow a mathematical connection to draw conclusions about the cable force. Among other things, measuring devices are known which load the rope to be tested by a transverse force, whereby the simultaneous measurement of the deflection produced thereby can be used to deduce the effective tensile force in the rope. Usually, the transverse force is by a hydraulically actuated punch generates the rope resting on 2 fixed points by bending, for example, the pressure of the oil as a measure of the size of the lateral force and the displacement of the punch is used as a measure of the deflection. The mathematical combination of both measurement results approximates the searched cable pull. In this principle, however, occur undesirable side effects on which affect the accuracy of the measurement.
U.a. wird der Querschnitt des Seiles unter der Wirkung der Querkraft gequetscht was ebenfalls zu einer Verschiebung des Stempels führt die aber in diesem Fall keinen Zusammenhang mit der Seilkraft hat. Das Meßsystem kann bei den herkömmlichen Messgeräten die durchEt al the cross-section of the rope is crushed under the action of the lateral force which also leads to a displacement of the punch but in this case has no connection with the cable force. The measuring system can in the conventional measuring devices by
Seilquetschung hervorgerufene Verschiebung nicht von der durch Biegung des Seiles zustande gekommenen unterscheiden d.h. die Messung basiert z.T. auf einer unrichtigen Annahme.Rope crushing induced displacement does not differ from that caused by bending of the rope, i. the measurement is based z.T. on an incorrect assumption.
Eine weitere Fehlerquelle herkömmlicher Geräte ist die nicht zutreffende Annahme einer konstanten Spannweite zwischen den Auflagerpunkten. Tatsächlich ist die theoretisch angenommene punktförmige Auflage des Seiles nicht möglich. In der Realität sind die Auflagerpunkte sattelförmig sodass sich die Spannweite bei zunehmender Durchbiegung verkürzt wodurch sich die angenommene Relation zwischen Querkraft, Stempelverschiebung und Seilkraft verändert. Die genannten Fehlerquellen hängen wesentlich von der Machart und dem Durchmesser des zu prüfenden Seiles ab und können daher nur in geringem Maß kompensiert werden. Die gegenständliche Erfindung zielt im wesentlichen darauf ab die oben erwähnten Fehlerquellen bei der indirekten Seilkraftmessung zu eliminieren. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, dass bei dem durch eine Querkraft belasteten Seil nicht in bekannter Weise die Durchbiegung als zweite Messgröße herangezogen wird sondern der durch ein unabhängiges System zur Winkelmessung direkt festgestellte Knickwinkel ß.Another source of error for conventional equipment is the incorrect assumption of a constant span between the support points. In fact, the theoretically assumed point-shaped support of the rope is not possible. In reality, the support points are saddle-shaped so that the span is shortened with increasing deflection which changes the assumed relation between lateral force, punch displacement and cable force. The error sources mentioned depend essentially on the design and the diameter of the rope to be tested and can therefore be compensated only to a small extent. The subject invention aims essentially to eliminate the above-mentioned sources of error in the indirect cable force measurement. This is inventively achieved in that in the loaded by a transverse force rope is not used in a known manner, the deflection as the second measure but the directly detected by an independent system for angle measurement angle ß.
Die Kenntnis von Querkraft und Knickwinkel erlaubt dann auf Grund eines einfachen mathematischen Zusammenhanges die Bestimmung des Seilzuges.The knowledge of lateral force and bending angle then allows the determination of the cable pull on the basis of a simple mathematical relationship.
Der Knickwinkel des Seiles steht bei diesem Konzept in keinem Zusammenhang mit der Entfernung der Auflagerpunkte bzw. mit der Seilquetschung durch die Querkraft d.h. diese beiden Größen spielen bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Gerät im Gegensatz zu den herkömmlichen Geräten keine Rolle wodurch sie als Ursache für Messfehler nicht mehr in Erscheinung treten. Geräte dieser Bauart erlauben daher gegenüber herkömmlichen eine wesentlich verbesserte Genauigkeit. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Messgerät ist beispielhaft in der beiliegenden Darstellung abgebildet.The bending angle of the rope in this concept is unrelated to the distance of the support points or with the rope squeezing by the lateral force, i. these two sizes play no role in the device according to the invention in contrast to the conventional devices whereby they no longer appear as the cause of measurement errors. Devices of this type therefore allow compared to conventional significantly improved accuracy. An inventive measuring device is shown by way of example in the accompanying illustration.
Das Messgerät besitzt einen biegesteifen Rahmen (1) in den mittig ein verschiebbarer Stempel (2) und an den Rändern die Widerlager (3) integriert sind. Der verschiebbare Stempel übt auf das Seil (4) eineThe measuring device has a rigid frame (1) in the center of a movable punch (2) and at the edges of the abutment (3) are integrated. The sliding punch exerts on the rope (4) a
Querkraft N aus welche in den beiden Widerlagern (3) zu den entsprechende Reaktionen N/2 führen. Der Stempel kann auf beliebige Art verschoben werden. Im Beispiel ist der Stempel als Spindel ausgeführt und die Verschiebung wird durch eine manuell betätigte Mutter (5) erzeugt. Die vom Stempel ausgeübte Querkraft N wird durch eine Kraftmessdose (6) oder durch ein hydraulisches bzw. anderes System gemessen. Die Widerlager (3) sind im Beispiel gelenkig im Rahmen gelagert um Reibungskräfte durch das sich verschiebende Seil zu verhindern.Transverse force N from which lead in the two abutments (3) to the corresponding reactions N / 2. The stamp can be moved in any way. In the example, the punch is designed as a spindle and the displacement is generated by a manually operated nut (5). The lateral force N exerted by the punch is measured by a load cell (6) or by a hydraulic or other system. The abutments (3) are hinged in the frame in the example to prevent frictional forces due to the shifting rope.
Das System zur Winkelmessung bildet eine vom Rest desThe angle measurement system forms one from the rest of the
Gerätes unabhängige Einheit. Es besteht im wesentlichen aus den beiden durch die Achse (7) schwenkbar miteinander verbundenen Schenkeln (8) und ( 9) sowie einer Messeinrichtung (10) welche die Verdrehung eines Schenkels gegenüber dem anderen registriert. Durch die kraftschlüssige Anpressung der Schenkel (8) und (9) auf das Seil über die Klemmen (11 ) entspricht die von der Messeinrichtung (10) registrierte Verdrehung dem Knickwinkel ß des Seiles. Das System zur Winkelmessung ist gegenüber dem Rest des Gerätes frei beweglich und nimmt daher eine Position ein die ausschließlich vom Seil bestimmt wird. Damit kann eine Beeinflussung der Winkelmessung durch von außen eingeleitete Kräfte, Deformationen oder Verschiebungen nicht eintreten.Device independent unit. It consists essentially of the two by the axis (7) pivotally interconnected legs (8) and (9) and a measuring device (10) which registers the rotation of one leg relative to the other. Due to the non-positive pressing of the legs (8) and (9) on the rope via the terminals (11) corresponds to the measuring device (10) registered twist the bending angle ß of the rope. The angle measurement system is free to move relative to the rest of the equipment and therefore occupies a position determined solely by the rope. Thus influencing the angle measurement by externally introduced forces, deformations or displacements can not occur.
Um trotzdem alle Teile zu einer Einheit zusammen zu fassen wird das System zur Winkelmessung vorzugsweise so mit dem Rest des Gerätes verbunden dass die freie Beweglichkeit in alle Richtungen durch entsprechend große Spielräume erhalten bleibt. Die Winkelmessung kann auf verschiedene Arten erfolgen. Im dargestellten Beispiel erfolgt die Messung durch eine mit dem Schenkel (9) solidale Kulisse (12) welche den Messstift einer mit dem Schenkel (8) solidalen Messuhr (10) verschiebt. Durch eine geeignete Wahl der Kulisse kann man einen linearen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Knickwinkel ß und dem an der Messuhr abgelesenen Wert herstellen.Nevertheless, in order to combine all the parts into a single unit, the system for angle measurement is preferably connected to the rest of the device in such a way that free mobility in all directions is maintained by correspondingly large clearances. The angle measurement can be done in different ways. In the example shown, the measurement is carried out by a link (12) which is solid with the leg (9) and which displaces the measuring pin of a dial gauge (10) which is integral with the leg (8). By a suitable choice of the scenery one can produce a linear relationship between the bending angle β and the value read on the dial gauge.
Eine andere Variante der Winkelmessung wäre z.B. derAnother variant of the angle measurement would be e.g. of the
Einbau eines Drehgebers, vorzugsweise koaxial zur Achse (7). (Hier nicht gezeichnet)Installation of a rotary encoder, preferably coaxial with the axis (7). (Not drawn here)
Die praktische Durchführung einer Seilkraftmessung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Gerät kann auf verschiedene Arten erfolgen.The practical implementation of a cable force measurement with the device according to the invention can be carried out in various ways.
Vorzugsweise wird den Stempel (2) solange verschoben bis der von der Messuhr (10) angezeigte Knickwinkel einen vorbestimmten Wert anzeigt. Dieser vorbestimmte Wert wird auf Grund der mathematischen Zusammenhänge zwischenPreferably, the punch (2) is displaced until the bending angle indicated by the dial gauge (10) indicates a predetermined value. This predetermined value is due to the mathematical relationships between
Querkraft N, Knickwinkel ß und Seilzug T so gewählt, dass der gesuchte Seilzug durch einfache Multiplikation des von der Kraftmessdose (6) angezeigten Wertes z.B. mit dem Faktor 10 erhalten wird.Shear force N, bending angle β and cable T are chosen so that the desired cable pull by simple multiplication of the value indicated by the load cell (6), for. is obtained with the factor 10.
Ebenso könnte man den Vorgang umdrehen d.h. Den Stempel solange verschieben bis die Querkraft einen vorbestimmten Wert erreicht. Der Seilzug T kann in diesem Fall durch Auswertung der Winkelmessung gefunden werden.Likewise, one could reverse the process, i. Move the plunger until the shear force reaches a predetermined value. The cable T can be found in this case by evaluating the angle measurement.
Eine weitere Methode könnte darin bestehen, dass beide Messsignale, also jenes der wirkenden Querkraft und jenes des erzeugten Knickwinkels in jeder Position des Stempels automatisch durch einen Rechner verarbeitet werden und als Ergebnis die Seilkraft T ohne Rechenoperation durch den Bedienungsmann unmittelbar abgelesen werden kann. Another method could be that both measuring signals, ie that of the acting lateral force and that the bending angle generated in each position of the punch can be automatically processed by a computer and as a result, the cable force T can be read directly without any arithmetic operation by the operator.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS
1. Gerät zur indirekten Messung von Seilspannungen dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Seil (4) unter der Wirkung einer definierten Querkraft N gegenüber 2 Fixpunkten (3) durchgebogen und der erzeugte Knickwinkel ß durch ein kraftschlüssig mit dem Seil verbundenes System zur Winkelmessung (8) (9) (10) direkt gemessen wird, wobei die Relation aus Querkraft N und Knickwinkel ß zur Bestimmung der wirkenden Seilkraft T herangezogen wird.1. Apparatus for the indirect measurement of cable tensions, characterized in that the cable (4) under the action of a defined transverse force N against 2 fixed points (3) bent and the generated bending angle ß by a non-positively connected to the rope system for angle measurement (8) ( 9) (10) is measured directly, wherein the relation of lateral force N and bending angle ß is used to determine the effective cable force T.
2. Gerät zur indirekten Messung von Seilspannungen nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System zur Winkelmessung aus 2 über eine Achse (7) gelenkig miteinender verbundenen Schenkeln (8) und2. Device for the indirect measurement of rope tensions according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for angle measurement of 2 via an axis (7) hingedly miteinender connected legs (8) and
(9) besteht die ihrerseits durch die Klemmen (11) kraftschlüssig mit dem zu prüfenden Seil verbunden sind und dadurch über ein geeignetes Messinstrument(9) which in turn by the terminals (11) are positively connected to the rope to be tested and thereby a suitable measuring instrument
(10) den Knickwinkel ß anzeigen.(10) indicate the bending angle ß.
3. Gerät zur indirekten Messung von Seilspannungen nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine auf dem Schenkel (8) fixierte Messuhr (10) von einer auf dem Schenkel (9) fixierten Kulisse (12) derart betätigt wird, dass die Anzeige der Messuhr dem Knickwinkel ß entspricht.3. A device for the indirect measurement of cable tensions according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that on the leg (8) fixed dial gauge (10) of a on the leg (9) fixed gate (12) is actuated such that the display of the Dial gauge corresponds to the bending angle ß.
4. Gerät zur indirekten Messung von Seilspannungen nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messung des Knickwinkels ß durch einen Drehgeber _4. Apparatus for the indirect measurement of cable tensions according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the measurement of the bending angle ß by a rotary encoder _
erfolgt der koaxial zur Achse (7) angeordnet wird der die Schenkel (8) und (9) verbindet.takes place coaxially with the axis (7) is arranged, which connects the legs (8) and (9).
5. Gerät zur indirekten Messung von Seilspannungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messung des Winkels ß über ein übliches Präzisionsgoniometer erfolgt, das mit der die Schenkel (8) und (9) verbindenden Achse (7) koaxial positioniert ist.5. An apparatus for the indirect measurement of cable tensions according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement of the angle ß via a standard precision goniometer, which is coaxially positioned with the legs (8) and (9) connecting the axis (7).
6. Gerät zur indirekten Messung von Seilspannungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erfassten Beträge der Kraft N und des Winkels ß durch einen im Gerät eingebauten Rechner verarbeitet werden, wobei die direkte Ablesung des Seilzugs T erlaubt wird. 6. Apparatus for the indirect measurement of cable tensions according to claim 1, characterized in that the detected amounts of the force N and the angle ß are processed by a built-in computer calculator, the direct reading of the cable T is allowed.
PCT/IB2006/000649 2005-04-04 2006-03-23 Device for measuring indirect cable tensions WO2006136884A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBZ2005A000013 2005-04-04
ITBZ20050013 ITBZ20050013A1 (en) 2005-04-04 2005-04-04 TOOL FOR INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE ROPE OF A ROPE.

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