WO2006119517A1

WO2006119517A1 - Wooden component and method for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2006119517A1
Application number: PCT/AT2006/000127
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rene Dolinsek
Original assignee: Rene Dolinsek
Priority date: 2005-05-06
Filing date: 2006-03-30
Publication date: 2006-11-16
Also published as: AT502626B1; AT502626A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a wooden component (1) that is composed of a plurality of boards (2) which are interconnected in a fixed manner via the faces (3) thereof while the edges (4) thereof form the lateral faces (5) of the wooden component (1). The inventive wooden component (1) is provided with large-volume ducts (7) which penetrate the individual boards (2) and whose axes (7') run parallel to the lateral faces (5) of the wooden component (1). The ducts (7) can be filled with an insulating means (10) or a storage material (11).

Description

Wooden construction element and method for its production

The invention relates to a timber component of a plurality of their broad sides firmly interconnected boards whose narrow sides form the side surfaces of the timber component and a method for producing such a timber component.

Such timber construction elements are used for exterior and interior walls of buildings, whereby floor, roof and ceiling elements can be produced. In addition to the production of complete wall or ceiling elements, which already have corresponding window and door openings, it is also conceivable to produce modular wood components, which are combined only on the site to larger wall or ceiling elements.

For example, EP 0 921 249 B1 discloses a wooden construction element in which a plurality of layers of boards, for example three layers, are glued together crosswise. The boards of a layer are glued together on their narrow sides and form a first plate, which is then glued with other identically produced plates in such a way that the longitudinal axes of adjacent board layers intersect. This results in massive elements that have a large weight for larger wall thicknesses, for example in the production of exterior walls and in the direction normal to the wall level have large dimensional tolerances due to shrinkage and swelling.

A similar concept pursued by DE 297 21 848 Ul, which has a massive wooden wall of several layers of boards or planks to the object. The individual plies of boards or planks are butted against each other and in adjacent layers have an acute angle of e.g. 30 ° to 60 ° to each other. The board composite, whose individual layers are interconnected by nailing, thus achieving greater rigidity. Nails distances are selected according to static requirements.

From EP 0 849 412 A2 a wooden building board for ceilings, walls and roofs is known, which has built between two outer layers of individual board elements glued laminated beams with spaces that can be used for the introduction of installation objects or insulation material.

In this connection, EP 1 097 032 B1 discloses a prefabricated laminated wood element which can be used as a wall and / or ceiling element in precast construction. The laminated wood element has three interconnected layers of boards arranged directly next to each other. or post-like woods, wherein at least two adjacent layers have different directions (cross-ply wood). The laminated wood element consists exclusively of wood, since the connection of the individual layers is done by dowels, which enforce the layers of wood. For this purpose, the dowels are arranged grid-like in the plywood element.

Furthermore, from DE 38 40 093 Al a so-called "dowel" known. Here, individual lumbers are joined together to form a solid wood panel, with dowels are used, which extend completely through the individual lumbers through. To produce the lumber are repeatedly pierced across the longitudinal direction several times and pegged together over the entire length of the through hole.

In connection with the doweling of wood elements, it is known from DE 27 45 681 Al that the timber components are brought to a moisture content before assembly, which is greater than that of the wooden dowels before their introduction into the holes, so that when balancing the Moisture content results in a pressing of the dowels in the boreholes.

From GB 292 734 a wooden construction element of a plurality of their broad sides firmly interconnected boards is known, whose narrow sides adjacent to lateral top surfaces of a wooden plate. The result is a very compact wooden component, in which the individual boards are connected to each other via wooden dowels, which, although good static properties are achieved, but also results in a large weight.

From GB 554 265 A a wall plate is known, which consists of plasterboard on both sides, which are connected at their outer edges via wooden frame elements. Within the frame, between the plasterboard are sleeve-shaped elements made of wood waste veneer, which serve to stiffen the wall plate. The axes of the sleeve-shaped elements are aligned normal to the surfaces of the plasterboard.

Finally, from DE 195 37 298 Al a plate construction part for an agricultural building is known, which is composed of a plurality of mutually firmly connected, with their broad sides contiguous wooden boards whose narrow sides form the flat sides of the plate structure part. The wooden boards are offset from each other in such a way that pairs of successive wooden boards on both flat sides of the plate structure part mutually overlap one another. On the one hand, this increases the carrying capacity of the panel construction part, on the other hand, this results in longitudinally extending walls. len, which can serve as ventilation ducts or for receiving insulation materials.

The object of the invention is to develop a wooden component of the type described above from a variety of their broadsides firmly interconnected boards such that statically optimized, lightweight as possible components are created, with additional features such as thermal insulation and sound insulation, wiring etc. in the wood component should be integrated.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the timber component has a plurality of individual boards passing through, large-volume channels whose axes are aligned parallel to the side surfaces of the timber component.

The manufacturing method according to the invention for such timber construction elements is characterized by a) that holes are drilled, sawn or cut at regular intervals in the individual boards in a grid-like arrangement, b) that the boards are joined together with their broad sides, the openings made beforehand be aligned with a centering and make continuous, large-volume channels, and c) that consisting of a plurality of boards wood component is biased in a direction normal to the broad side of the boards or pressed.

Preferably, as a centering aid according to step b) a sleeve-like element, preferably a cardboard tube, a plastic tube or a metal tube in the according to step a) drilled, sawn or cut openings glued or glued.

Since, according to the invention, the total cross section of the large-volume channels in the board plane amounts to 10% to 90%, preferably 40% to 80%, of the cross-section of the timber component, the weight of the timber component can be substantially reduced, or can this released volume - under an optimization of static properties of the timber component - be used for insulation or storage masses.

For example, the large-volume channels or the sleeve-like elements arranged therein with an insulating medium, for example with an organic or mineral insulating wool, with a one- or multi-component insulation foamed, with a straw insulation or with a Einblasdämmung, preferably a cellulose insulation, filled. This results in a Holbauelement with integrated insulation, so that no insulation work must be carried out on the site.

Furthermore, it is possible according to the invention to fill the channels or the sleeve-like elements arranged therein with a storage mass, for example with loam or expanded clay. Such measures are required when the timber element, for example, as a wall element in house construction, to take on tasks of sound insulation, heat and moisture regulation.

The large volume channels may have a circular, elliptical or substantially rectangular cross-section, depending on which tools are used in automated manufacturing.

According to a variant of the invention, bores for centering aids, for cable guides and / or for fastening elements, for example cardboard sleeves, plastic pipes, wooden dowels, clamping screws, etc., are drilled in step a) in the grid prescribed by the large-volume channels.

In at least part of the boreholes, the aforementioned fastening elements can be pressed in, inserted or drawn in and glued or glued therein. If cardboard sleeves or plastic pipes are used as fastening elements, these may also have the function of empty piping, e.g. for electric cables, take over.

According to the invention, the individual boards can be galvanized on the face side prior to step a) and, preferably in an automated installation, cut to length practically free of cutting to the length of the wood component to be produced. When cutting and joining the boards integrated openings in the timber component, such as door and window openings, can be easily recessed.

The production method according to the invention is also suitable for producing wide timber components with good utilization of the starting material, if, prior to step a), two or more boards are profiled on their adjacent side surfaces, for example galvanized, and glued together.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:

1 shows a section of a timber component 1 according to the invention in a three-dimensional representation; FIG. 2 shows a view of the timber component according to FIG. 1 along the axis of the through channels; FIG.

3 shows a variant of the timber component according to the invention in a representation according to FIG. 2;

4 shows a wall element made of a timber component according to the invention with integrated openings in a side view;

5 shows the wall element according to FIG. 4 in an end view; FIG.

Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 end views of ceiling elements of the timber component according to the invention;

9 shows the connection point of two timber components to a roof or ceiling element.

10 shows the connection point of two timber components to a wall element;

FIGS. 11 to 13 show different embodiments of the timber component according to the invention in a view according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are schematic sketches for producing a timber component 1 according to the invention; such as

FIGS. 16 and 17 show further variants of the wood component according to the invention in a representation according to FIG. 1.

Figures 1 and 2 show a timber component 1, which consists of a plurality of firmly interconnected boards 2 (for example, sawn or planed wooden boards), which are connected to each other via their adjacent broad sides 3. The narrow sides 4 of the boards 2 form the opposite side surfaces 5 of the timber component 1, wherein the end faces of the wooden boards 2 are denoted by 6. The timber component 1 has a plurality of large-volume channels 7, which pass through the entire stack of boards, with their axes 7 'are aligned substantially parallel to the side surfaces 5 and normal to the broad side 3 of the boards. To produce the channels 7 holes are drilled, sawn or cut in the individual boards 2 in a grid-like arrangement, at regular intervals and brought the previously prepared openings with a centering to make cover, so that continuous, large-volume channels 7 are formed. As centering is in the large volume channels 7, a sleeve-like element 12, preferably a cardboard tube, a plastic tube or a metal tube, glued or glued. The sleeve-like element 12 serves on the one hand for firm connection of the individual boards 2 and for receiving static forces in all directions transverse to the axis T of the channels 7. Further, by the sleeve-like elements 12 swelling and shrinkage of the timber component 1 in the direction of the axes 7 ' avoided. When using plastic pipes or metal pipes in the channels 7, these can also be used as installation pipes or wiring.

To further stiffen the timber component 1 and to seal air gaps between the boards 2, these can be glued or glued to their adjacent broadsides.

In the illustrated example of a wall element, the diameter D (see FIG. 2) of the channels 7 to the width B of the timber component 1 is approximately 7:10, so that with a uniform arrangement of the channels 7, their total cross section is approximately 40% of the cross section of the channel Wooden component is. In general, the total cross section of the channels 7 is based on the static requirements of the usable as a wall, floor, roof or ceiling element timber component 1 and is about 10% to 90%, preferably 40% to 80% of the cross section of the timber component. 1 ,

3, the individual boards 2 in a grid-like arrangement - which corresponds to those of the channels 7 - holes 8, which are aligned with the holes 8 adjacent boards 2 and the timber element 1 passing through drilling channels 8 'form. According to the invention, fastening elements, for example cardboard sleeves 9 'or wooden dowels 9 (see, for example, FIGS. 9 to 11), clamping screws, metal pipes or plastic pipes can be pressed in to connect the individual boards 2 to each other and to absorb static forces in at least part of the boreholes. be used or glued. For example, clamping screws used in the boring channels 8 'can serve, after the glueing together of the individual boards 2, to apply the clamping forces necessary for the curing of the glue connection.

In this case, the sleeve-like elements 12 can also be omitted, since the necessary holding forces are applied by the fastening elements (cardboard sleeves 9 ', wooden dowels, clamping screws, etc.) in the drill channels 8 ¹ . However, it is also possible in an embodiment variant according to FIG. 3 in addition to glue sleeve-like elements 12. All measures (cardboard sleeves 9 ¹ small diameter, dowels 9, etc. and cardboard sleeve 12 with large diameter) can thus be used alternatively or in combination. In a part of the drilling channels 8 'or used as Leerverrohrungen cardboard sleeves 9', 12 or plastic tube electrical cables can be arranged. With a wall width of the timber component of 12 cm to 18 cm, the small cardboard sleeves 9 "may for example have a diameter of 12 mm to 25 mm.

When wood dowels 9 are pressed in to stabilize the timber component 1 and to minimize swelling and shrinkage movements, the drill holes 8 can first be filled with glue and pre-dried wooden dowels (with a lower moisture content than the boards) shot through or pulled through. The wooden dowels expand when moisture absorption in the hole 8 and compress in addition to the boards. 2

When using tubes or sleeves as fasteners, the boards can be pre-dried so that they expand when absorbed by moisture and additionally compress with the glued or pressed tubes or sleeves.

The interior of the channels 7 or the sleeve-like elements 12 can remain empty, so that the weight of the timber component 1 is substantially reduced. However, the large-volume channels 7 or arranged therein sleeve-like elements 12 are preferred with an insulating means 10 (see, for example, Fig. 1 or Fig. 2), for example with an organic or mineral insulating wool, with a one- or multi-component insulating foam, with a straw insulation or with a blow-in insulation, preferably a cellulose insulation, filled, so that in a simple way a universally applicable timber component is realized with integrated thermal insulation.

In an alternative embodiment, the large-volume channels 7 or the sleeve-like elements 12 arranged therein can be filled with a storage mass 11, for example with loam or expanded clay, so that a storage element for heat and / or humidity or a soundproofing element is formed.

FIGS. 4 to 8 show different variants of timber components 1. Thus, FIGS. 4 and 5 show a wall element with integrated openings for a door 17 and a window 18, whereby the corresponding openings are already cut out when cutting and joining the boards 2. The wall elements can be executed in a horizontal or vertical arrangement of the board stack layer. All timber components can be executed in any arrangement of the board stacking layer. In the end view of the wall element according to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the side surfaces 5 of the timber component 1 can also have one or two-sided skins 19 made of a very wide variety of materials (wood, stone, glass, metal, plasterboard, etc.).

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the timber building elements 1 according to the invention, for example wall or ceiling elements, can have an integrated one-sided or two-sided attachment battens 15, which are formed by boards 2 which extend over the side faces 5 of the timber building element 1 stick out. This Vorsatzlattung 15 can serve as a carrier for an outer or Innenbeplankung, wherein the resulting between the timber element and the planking spaces can be filled, for example with insulation.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the individual boards 2, starting from at least one of the side surfaces 5 of the timber components 1 milling mills 16 have to adapt the acoustic reflection properties. Such milled or machined narrow sides of the boards 2 can also be made for purely optical reasons or to improve the passive wood protection on the outside.

The individual boards 2 of all timber components 1 can consist not only of planed or sawn wood boards but also of all other wood materials, such as chipboard or fiberboard. Furthermore, it is possible to use boards 2 made of pressure-impregnated or thermally pretreated wood for the timber components 1.

Fig. 9 shows a ceiling element of two assembled with a connecting element 20 timber components 1, the channels 7 are empty. The firm connection of the individual boards 2 to each other takes place here via the cardboard sleeves inserted in individual holes 8, clamping screws or wooden dowels 9. The remaining holes 8 can be used for electric cables. The weight savings in the illustrated ceiling element is about 40% to 50% compared to a solid wood element.

10 shows a wall element with substantially the same construction as the ceiling element according to FIG. 9. The timber building elements 1 are here assembled by means of a tongue and groove connection 21.

In each of FIGS. 11 and 12, insulated wooden building elements 1 are shown. 11, the cohesion of the boards 2 via clamping screws, cardboard sleeves or wooden dowels 9 in each second hole 8, in the element of FIG. 12 by glued cardboard sleeves 12 in each second channel. 7 with an additional cardboard sleeve 12 at the left end of the timber component. The channels 7 and the cardboard sleeves 12 glued into the channels are filled with an insulating means 10. The channels 7 and the cardboard sleeves 12 are closed on both sides after filling with a lid, a plug or an undrilled Brettlage.

13 shows an embodiment variant of the invention in which the large-volume channels 7 of the timber component 1 are combined into groups, wherein a bore 13 arranged centrally between adjacent groups is provided with a fastening element, for example a wooden dowel 14, a cardboard sleeve, a metal tube or a metal tube Plastic pipe is provided. In this embodiment, the holes 8 can be omitted or used for electrical cables or empty piping. The channels 7 are filled with an insulating material 10.

In FIGS. 14 and 15, some details for the production of the wooden building elements 1 according to the invention are sketched. According to FIG. 14, clamping tubes 23 are fastened on a base plate 22, for example a steel plate, onto which the cardboard sleeves 12 are slipped. As a result, the individual boards 2 can be plugged with their evenly drilled or sawed openings on the cardboard sleeves 12 and glued together. Furthermore, guide rods 24 can also be inserted into the bores 8 from below or from above. are led to which previously cardboard sleeves 9 'have been plugged. With the help of the clamping tubes 23 and / or in the cardboard sleeves 9 'arranged guide rods 24 and a cover plate 22', the timber component can be pressed until the curing of the adhesive. Thereafter, the base and cover plates 22, 22 'together with the tension tubes 23 and guide rods 24 are removed and the large-volume cardboard sleeves 12, e.g. filled with an insulating material. The use of cardboard sleeves 9 ', 12 has the further advantage that the clamping tubes 23 and guide rods 24 can not be contaminated with glue or glue.

Tensioning screws may also be used instead of at least a portion of the guide rods 24 which remain in timber component.

In the production according to FIG. 15, wood dowels can also be pressed into the bores 8 of the boards 2 from below through corresponding bores in the base plate 22.

In Fig. 16, a timber component 1 is shown, in which two boards 2 are arranged in a position whose adjacent side surfaces 4 profiled, for example, galvanized, and glued miteinender. This makes it possible also produce very wide wall elements (up to over 50 cm), wherein two or more boards 2 are arranged in one layer. As indicated in FIG. 16, the individual boards 2 are already zigzagged on the face side prior to the production of the openings for the large-volume channels 7 and cut to the length of the wood component to be produced.

The openings for the channels 7 can also be cut into the boards by means of chain saws or band saws, so that large elliptical or substantially rectangular or square openings are formed (see FIG. 16), whereby the weight saving is further increased or the amount to be introduced Insulation or storage mass can be increased accordingly.

The advantages of the connection according to the invention of individual board layers with the aid of a sleeve-like fastening element can also be applied to solid timber building elements 1 without insulating means or storage mass according to FIG. 17. According to the invention, the individual boards 2 in a grid-like arrangement boreholes 8, which are aligned with the boreholes 8 adjacent boards 2 and the timber element 1 passing through drilling channels 8 ¹ , wherein the connection of the individual boards 2 with each other and for receiving static forces in at least one Part of the holes 8 sleeve-like fasteners, such as cardboard sleeves 9 'are glued or glued.

The advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows:

- The result is a large-sized solid wood light component, which can be optimized building physics and static

- Thermal insulation and storage mass can be integrated directly into the timber component

Integrated wiring for diameters of e.g. 2 cm to 4 cm

- At least 35% less weight compared to conventional glulam elements

- At least 35% less glue surface

- No shrinkage and swelling in all directions

- No waste for windows and doors

- Room height elements with fixed heights (for example 250 cm to 300 cm), fixed widths (for example 10 cm to 50 cm) and any lengths

- Best thermal conductivity in the range of 0.35 W / m ² K for 14 cm wall thickness and 0.29 W / m ² K for 18 cm wall thickness

- Weight: approx. 330 kg / m ³ (without filling).

Claims

PATENT APPLICATIONS

1. timber component (1) from a plurality of their broad sides (3) firmly interconnected boards (2) whose narrow sides (4) form the side surfaces (5) of the timber component (1), characterized in that the timber component (1) more , the individual boards (2) passing through, large-volume channels (7), whose axes (7 ') are aligned parallel to the side surfaces (5) of the timber component (1).

2. timber component (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bulky channels (7) a sleeve-like element (12), preferably a cardboard tube, a plastic tube or a metal tube, is glued or glued.

3. timber component (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the total cross section of the large volume channels (7) in the board level 10% to 90%, preferably 40% to 80% of the cross section of the timber component (1).

4. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the large-volume channels (7) have a circular, elliptical or a substantially rectangular cross-section.

5. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the large-volume channels (7) or arranged therein sleeve-like elements (12) with an insulating means (10), for example with an organic or mineral insulating wool, with a single or multi-component insulating foam, with a straw insulation or with a Einblasdämmung, preferably a cellulose insulation, are filled.

6. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bulky channels (7) or arranged therein sleeve-like elements (12) with a storage mass (11), for example, with clay or expanded clay, are filled.

7. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the individual boards (2) in a grid-like arrangement boreholes (8) which are aligned with the boreholes (8) of adjacent boards (2) and the timber component (1) form penetrating drill channels (8 ').

8. timber component (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that for connecting the individual boards (2) with each other and for receiving static forces in at least a portion of the holes (8) fasteners, such as cardboard sleeves (9 ¹ ) wooden dowels (9) , Clamping screws, metal pipes or plastic pipes are pressed in, inserted or glued.

9. timber component (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in at least part of the drilling channels (8 ¹ ) electric cables or Leerverrohrungen are arranged.

10. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the broad sides (3) of adjacent boards (2) are glued together.

11. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the bulky channels (7) are grouped together, and that a centrally disposed between adjacent groups bore (13) with a fastener, such as a cardboard sleeve, a Wooden dowel (14), a metal pipe or a plastic pipe is provided.

12. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that two or more boards (2) are arranged side by side in a position whose adjacent side surfaces (4) profiled, for example, galvanized, and glued miteinender.

13. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the timber component (1) has an integrated, one- or two-sided Vorsatzlattung (15), which is formed by boards (2) over the side surfaces ( 5) of the timber component (1) also protrude.

14. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the individual boards (2), starting from at least one of the side surfaces (5) of the timber components (1) have milled recesses (16) for adjusting the acoustic reflection properties.

15. timber component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the individual boards (2) consist of chipboard or fiberboard.

16. timber component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the individual boards (2) consist of pressure-impregnated or thermally pretreated wood.

17. Wooden construction element (1) from a multiplicity over the broad sides (3) of firmly connected boards (2) whose narrow sides (4) form the side surfaces (5) of the timber component (1), characterized in that the individual boards (2) in a grid-like arrangement boreholes (8) which are aligned with the boreholes (8) of adjacent boards (2) and the timber component (1) passing through drilling channels (8 ¹ ) form, wherein for connection of the individual boards (2) with each other and for receiving of static forces in at least part of the boreholes (8) sleeve-like fasteners, such as cardboard sleeves (9 ¹ ) are glued or glued.

18. A method for producing a timber component from a plurality of boards, the narrow sides of which form the side surfaces of the timber component, characterized

a. that holes are drilled, sawn or cut into the individual boards in a grid-like arrangement at regular intervals,

b. that the boards are joined together with their broad sides, wherein the previously prepared openings are made to coincide with a centering aid and form continuous, large-volume channels, and

c. that the wood component consisting of a large number of boards is prestressed or pressed in a direction normal to the broad side of the boards.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that as centering according to step b) a sleeve-like element, preferably a cardboard sleeve, a plastic tube or a metal tube is glued or glued.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the boards are glued or glued in step b) with their broadsides.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that in the timber element passing through channels or in the inserted sleeve-like element an insulating material or a storage mass is introduced

22. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that in step a) in the predetermined by the large-volume channels drill holes for centering, for wiring and / or fasteners, such as cardboard sleeves, plastic pipes, wooden dowels, clamping screws, etc. to be drilled.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that pressed in step b) in at least part of the holes fastening elements, used or withdrawn and glued or glued.

24. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the individual boards are galvanized frontally before step a) and cut to length of the timber component to be produced.

25. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that when cutting and assembling the boards integrated openings in the timber component, such as door and window openings, are recessed.

26. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that for the production of wide timber structural elements before the step a) two or more boards profiled on the adjacent side surfaces, for example, galvanized, and glued miteinender.