WO2006102729A1

WO2006102729A1 - Permanent standardised pre-fastening system for civil construction

Info

Publication number: WO2006102729A1
Application number: PCT/BR2006/000061
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sung Soo Oh
Original assignee: Sung Soo Oh
Priority date: 2005-04-01
Filing date: 2006-03-31
Publication date: 2006-10-05
Also published as: BRPI0501136B1; BRPI0501136A; CA2602765C; CA2602765A1

Abstract

The present invention refers to a civil construction system, used to obtain every type of structure for residential, commercial and industrial uses and alike, applicable to structures, including naval and fluvial. In the PERMANENT STANDARDISED PREFASTENING, fastening points are distributed on the structures with standardised distances between them, which serve as a standard to fasten any type of forming and manufacturing structure in general, and standardisation for the use and permanent standardised pre-fastening for a harmonious installation and conservation in the structures, fully based on prefabricated parts, which comprise multifunctional or economical distance pieces (14, 17), structural (11, 12) or finishing (10, 13) plates and multifunctional locks to provide the top joint between the latter.

Description

PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention refers to a civil construction system, used to obtain every type of structure for residential, commercial and industrial uses and alike, applicable to various types of structures, including naval and fluvial, through which PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING elements are used, where fastening points are distributed on the structures with standardised distances between them, which serve as a standard to fasten any type of structure in general .

Description of the State of the Art

The construction of buildings in general and, more specifically, those intended for residential use, has been hindered by the limited availability of specialized labour, as well as by the inadequacy of most materials and systems used.

In fact, the construction of any building, no matter how simple, requires the participation of carpenters, bricklayers, plumbers, electricians, tilers and many other specialists. The conventional constructions use solid wood and plywood, bricks, concrete blocks, roof tiles, sand, lime, cement, conduits, piping, etc., materials such of different characteristics that must be joined into a harmonious assembly to complete the construction. Additionally, the need to coordinate the job of the various specialized labourers introduces delays in the progress of the works.

Another inconvenience associated to conventional constructions consists in the considerable volume of rubble produced at the worksite, generating environmental pollution and increasing its costs . One of the resources used to reduce construction time is using wood as material of the structure, walls and floors, either in the way of planks, laths, rafters and beams, or in the way of prefabricated modules in which wood is used in the way of plyboard or agglomerates. However, the hot and humid climate subjects this material to the attack of fungus, rot and insets, shortening its useful life. Another inconvenience of wood is its combustibility, making expensive, but not always efficient, treatments mandatory. An additional inconvenience is the fact that options for wooden wall finishes are limited. Also, the present construction systems, in general do not have standardised components and measurements in their structures, which generates waste and results in excessive delays regarding the execution of the works. In order to avoid such inconveniences, various standardization schemes have been proposed, which, however, have not been satisfactory, for which reason are not being adopted in a large scale .

An example of the known standardization technique is exemplified in patent document GB 1452706 entitled A Cavity Wall Structure, which is reproduced in Figs. 1-a and 1-b of the present application. According to what is shown, every wall segment has two panels 2 set in parallel at a distance S, being kept in this relation by distance pieces 3. These distance pieces have ledges 3' at both ends, which cooperate with grooves 2' in the panels, inserting in them, in order to provide a top joint of each panel with the next, keeping, at the same time, distance S between facing panels. In accordance to this invention, spaces A are intended for the passage of electric wiring and water piping, spaces B may be filled with concrete .

The shown system has some inconveniences, the first of which is the impossibility of graduating the adjustment of the thicknesses of wall S and spaces B, which dimensions are preset due to distance pieces 3' and modules 2, respectively. A second disadvantage is the difficulty of accessing the outside of internal spaces A, when necessary, for example, to install a plug or switch, repair piping, etc... A third disadvantage regards the finish of the walls, since the decorative elements (tiles, panels of various patterns, etc.) must be fastened by permanent means, such as glue, screws or bard bolts to the outside of panels 2, making their replacement or eventual repairs difficult. Another disadvantage is in the fact of spaces B being too narrow to allow a proper filling in with viscous concrete, preventing that the wall be used as a structural element to support loads, for example, the slab of the floor above. Additionally, distance pieces 3 have a set dimension that allows only a certain pitch S between panels 2. If a larger or smaller pitch is desired, the same distance pieces cannot be used, so others of various dimensions are necessary. Also, spaces B of a panel (intended for concreting) are not contiguous with those of the adjoining panel, making it impossible to use longitudinal reinforcing shields in the walls.

Objectives of the invention

Taking the above into account, a first objective of the invention is to provide a constructive system that uses standardised constructive elements as well as fastening elements, including reinforcing elements such as metallic screens, plates and partitions of various thicknesses and others, allowing mending structural plates with or without scales, curved, shores and set plates with or without systems to the components.

A second objective is to provide a system that furnishes the standardisation of measurements and components, including for any type of construction system as the reverse construction system itself, clearance system, prefabricated, temporary, metallic structures and other fastening systems in general, allowing mending structural plates with or without scales, curved, shores and set plates with or without complementary systems, reinforcement for finishing plates and finishing panel connections with panels or internal systems, wires, cables, conduits, conductors in general, piping, etc.

A third objective is to provide a system that allows easy conservation, installation, refurbishment, shoring, reconstitution of damaged portions including placing and removing scaffoldings without damaging parts in good shape. A fourth objective is to provide a system in which the installation of conduits, electric cables, telephone or communication cables, piping and others can be carried out without the need of removing layers of plaster nor open cracks in the concrete or block brick walls, or reinstall the supports depending on each type of material. A fifth objective is to provide a system that allows to take advantage of the walls' , ceilings' and floors' internal spaces to install conductors, conduits, piping, water storage and treatment systems, fuse boxes, climatisation systems, alarm systems, electronic and mechanic equipment, monitors, solar energy systems, etc.

A sixth objective is to provide a system that allows both the construction of walls with the simple partition function and walls with structural function.

A seventh objective is to provide a system that allows constructing floors and slabs without the need of disposable forms (multilaminated plywood sheet or equivalent) .

Yet an eighth objective is to provide a system in which the finishing elements can be easily laid, removed and replaced whenever desired, making it possible to modify the decorative aspect of the internal and external environments.

A ninth objective is to reduce waste of materials and production of rubble that characterize civil construction conventional processes, allowing to reuse materials, except the components and structures that are being used within the concrete, such as finishing plates, structure plates, bolts and all the rest of the components can be reused.

A ninth objective is to provide a system that allows minimizing the use of specialised labour.

A tenth objective is to reduce the construction time without compromising the quality of the finished building.

Finally, an eleventh objective is to provide a system that allows the easy disassembly of the construction and its reuse and/or reconstruction in another location.

Brief description of the invention The above objectives are attained by the invention by means of a system fully based on prefabricated parts, which uses permanent standardised fastening elements, comprising multifunctional or economical fastening bolts, structural or finishing plates and multifunctional locks to provide the top joint between the latter. According to another characteristic of the invention, said bolts perform the distance pieces and support means function between structural and finishing plates, allowing to change cavities or walls thicknesses that house and protect internal systems, said bolts can have bayonet or thread type locking means with screw, groove, coated with rubber, equipped with antivibration means and adapted according to the requirements.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the multifunctional fastening bolts are positioned substantially perpendicular to said structural and finishing plates, are substantially cylindrical tubular shape having graded clamping elements on their external and internal surfaces allowing fastening, in predefined positions, of the architectonical element component parts, said parts comprising the walls or cavities flat or curved delimiting surfaces, the clearance moulds for concreting walls, columns or slabs, reusable or not, reinforcing shields of reinforced concrete structures, finishing plates, etc.

According to another characteristic of the invention, said structural and finishing plates can be manufactured with any dimensions, given that multiple of the standard module adopted in the system, having embedding elements of the fastening bolt ends as well as fastening the multifunctional locks.

According to another characteristic of the invention, diameters of said multifunctional fastening bolts are arranged in a graded order, in which the bolts of every grade slide into the immediately larger grade bolts, said bolts having reciprocal locking mechanical means.

According to another characteristic of the invention, said locking mechanical means are constituted by bayonet type elements, locking and unlocking provided by axial rotation in an arch smaller to a complete turn.

According to another characteristic of the invention, said locking means are provided with a plurality of segmented ring ledges around the internal and external cylindrical surfaces of said bolts, the projecting ring segments assuming arches slightly smaller than the intervals between them. In the case of fastening multifunctional bolts, internal (intermediary order) bolts can be removed and/or changed depending on the requirements, can even be adapted for helicoid ("spiral") threaded screws allowing greater precision distance (depth) adjustments to be made, if necessary.

According to another characteristic of the invention, said intermediary order bolts can comprise a first portion having clamping and locking means and a second distance piece portion having plate fastening means on at least one end. According to another characteristic, the formation of bolts heads can be mechanical by predefined position, such as, for example, bolt with hinged head.

According to another characteristic, the permanent or intermediary bolts have passing means for general use internal and external (low or average tension) wiring conductors, also allowing, in the central groove, the passage of high tension conductors.

According to another characteristic of the invention, said structural plates can be through and though or closed, the finishing plates always being closed. According to another characteristic, permanent bolts can be used to build abutment walls; in this case the central hole serves to drain water and dry the earth, avoiding water accumulation.

According to another characteristic of the invention, closed plates can be used as modular clearance moulds for concreting de walls, slabs or columns, such moulds can be reused.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the system comprises additional components cooperative with external clamping elements of external (larger order) fastening bolts allowing to position intermediary elements such as shields, if necessary. According to another characteristic of the invention, cavities formed between two closed parallel planes formed by closed plates can be filled with acoustic or thermal isolation material, concrete or equivalent.

According to another characteristic of the invention, cavities formed between two planes can have piping, cabling, electronic or electrical boards, or communication, supervision, control, alarm or information processing devices.

According to another characteristic of the invention, every through plate is constituted by rulers in the shape of horizontal and vertical crossed grooves, having end fitting means of the fastening bolts at every crossing.

According to an additional characteristic of the invention, closed plates can have a structural or decorative function or both simultaneously.

According to another characteristic of the invention, structural plates serve as a mould for the entire structure of the work and through these plates the fastening bolts (or screws) position is defined in the STANDARDISED PERMANENTE PRE-FASTENING system. According to another characteristic of the invention, structural plates serve as base for fastening any systems or structures and, on the finishing side, serve also as protection

"skeleton" for the internal system (and finishing plates) .

According to another characteristic of the invention, plates with structural function are set at the ends of said fastening bolts or at intermediary recesses.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, plates with finishing function are set at the ends of the fastening bolts. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, structural plates can have four types of grooves intended to fitting the multifunctional locks, comprising:

- Single tooth groove (side teeth)

- Double tooth groove (side and top teeth) - Single tooth recessed groove (side teeth)

- Smooth groove (without teeth)

According to one more characteristic of the invention, multifunctional locks can be used to provide the following functions : - splice the structure plates to each other - As fastening points for protection support of the finishing plates

- As fastening points to use any type of system

According to another characteristic of the invention, multifunctional locks are reusable and comprise a first lower component that fits into the plate groove and serves to set the lock in the referred groove, and a second top component that varies according to its use.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, said top component can comprise:

- top component without holes, used to slice plates with single tooth groove (recessed or not) ;

- top component with holes, used to slice structure plates, although, it is only possible to slice structure plates with double tooth groove with this type of lock, using the multifunctional lock with holes together with the structure plate with double groove or recessed groove for passing wires, which can be extended to go through several grooves.

Description of the Drawings

The advantages and other characteristics of the invention will be easier understood by means of the description of a preferred embodiment and the drawing that refer to it, in which: Fig. 1 shows the known technique to build modular walls, as exemplified in patent document GB 1452706.

Fig. 2 shows a simple cavity wall, built according to the invention, exemplifying the positions relative to the several types of panels and its relation to the permanent fastening elements, by means of an blown up perspective view.

Fig. 3 shows a double cavity wall, by means of blown up view, according to the principles of the invention.

Fig. 4 shows the wall of the previous figure, by means of a cross section view, partially completed by fitting every element, according to the invention. Fig. 5 shows, by means of a cross section view, the finished wall, after the filling of one of the cavities with concrete and some auxiliary systems installed in the first cavity.

Fig. 6 shows an blown up view of a set of multifunctional fastening bolts arranged in graded order, according to the invention.

Fig. 7 shows the set de bolts after assembly by insertion.

Fig. 8 shows yet another view blown up of the set of fastening bolts.

Fig. 9 shows the use of a common screw inserted into the interior of the internal order fastening bolt as to provide a plate clamping and locking double head.

Fig. 10 illustrates the use of permanent fastening bolts together with resistant rods in shoring structures such as reinforced concrete slab.

Fig. 11 shows the same slab after its concreting.

Fig. 12 illustrates the simultaneous shoring of successive floor slabs by means of resistant rods, as well as the possibility of installing scaffoldings on ready walls.

Fig. 13 illustrates the application of the system on structures that, in addition to the slab, comprise a reinforcing beam, which includes collapsible telescopic tubes.

Fig. 14 shows part of one of the planes that delimit as wall cavities illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.

Fig. 15 shows a first embodiment of parts that comprise the plane illustrated in the previous figure.

Fig. 16 shows a second embodiment of parts that comprise the plane illustrated in Fig. 14. Fig. 17 illustrates some types of multifunctional locks, used in the interconnection and mutual locking of parts that comprise the planes.

Fig. 18 shows the application of multifunctional locks on the part longitudinal and transversal joint to form planes.

Fig. 19 shows another plate embodiment as well as the use of multifunctional locks for joining it.

Fig. 20 details some types of troughs corresponding to the different embodiments of parts forming the planes, as well as the respective multifunctional locks.

Fig. 21 shows the forming of a through plane obtained by the combination of through plates constituted only bys troughs that cross at the centre of each plate. Fig. 22 shows a plane equivalent to that of the previous figure, formed by through plates which troughs have a double row of teeth, side and top.

Fig. 23 illustrates some additional embodiments of multifunctional locks, intended for specific purposes. Fig. 24 illustrates low cost modular distance pieces for low income constructions.

Fig. 25 illustrates some accessories appropriate for the economical distance piece of the previous Figure.

Fig. 26 shows two supports for accessory elements. Fig. 27 shows a fastening of the reinforcing shields used in the reinforced concrete structures.

Figs. 28 and 29 show a second embodiment of the spacers used in fastening said shields.

Fig. 30 shows, blown up, additional details of the shield fastening elements.

Figs. 31, 32 and 33 illustrate the means used in concrete casting of a curved part.

Figs. 34 and 35 illustrate the use of alternative distance pieces illustrated in Figs. 28, 29 and 30. Figs. 36-a, b and c illustrate shield fastening constituted by standardised screens.

Fig. 37 exemplifies the execution of a reinforced concrete element such as a wall, a column or alike.

Fig. 38 shows in details the execution of the shield of the previous figure.

Fig. 39 illustrates, in details, a reusable clearance mould used in the execution of the concrete structure illustrated in Fig. 37.

Figs. 40 and 41 illustrate the application of the principles of the invention for building stairs.

Figs. 42, 43 and 44 show side views of different execution phases of a step in increased scale.

Fig. 45 shows the use of curved clearance moulds when constructing a cylindrical column.

Fig. 46 shows an accessory used to assemble electrical systems. Fig. 47 illustrates the several types of troughs described previously, together with the respective multifunctional locks .

Fig. 48 illustrates some variations between the possible forms of plates that can be used in the system. Figs. 49, 50 and 51 show a device and respective accessory fastening system such as towel racks or supports for selves or furniture bearded against the walls.

Fig. 52 illustrates the fastening of plates to modify the aesthetic aspect in brick walls. Figs. 53 up to 57 illustrate, by means of cross section views, some possibilities of wall construction, regarding the quantity of vertical planes.

Fig. 58 illustrates different floor formats viewed in blueprint, including curved, triangular, etc. floors. Fig. 59 shows the system used to execute a wall diagonal in relation to a floor.

Fig. 60 shows a system similar to the previous one applied to a curved or polygonal wall. Fig. 61 illustrates an element that incorporates a hinge associated to the respective fastening bolt.

Fig. 62 illustrates some variations in the spacer bolts, as well as in the formats of thee respective heads. Figs. 63, 64, 65 and 66 illustrate an alternative way to build stairs, with balanced steps.

Figs. 67, 68 and 69 illustrate several details relative to the passage of conductors using the empty spaces of the permanent fastening bolts. Figures 70, 71, 72-a, 72-b and 73 illustrate the use of the system in large premoulded or metallic structures.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Now referring to Fig. 2, which shows in an blown up view the constitution of a simple cavity wall, it is noted that it comprises two parallel structural planes 11 and 12, at a distance defined by the fastening bolts' length 14, said structural planes having openings 15 that fit on to the fastening bolt ends 14. The external finish of this wall is provided by finishing plates 10 and 13, which are equipped with embedding elements 16 on their internal faces, which fit into double heads 17 of fastening bolts 14, being locked in the proper position.

Fig. 3 shows, in an blown up perspective, a wall, built according to the same principles, which has two cavities, the first constituted by the space between parallel planes 11 and 18 and the second, between parallel planes 18 and 12, the finish being provided by plates 10 and 13, according to above description in connection to the previous figure. It can be seen that the width of the first cavity (distance between planes 11 and 18) is given by the exposed portions' length of fastening bolts 19, which perform the spacers' function. These bolts 19 also have portion equipped with fastening means cooperative with permanent fastening bolts 14 in which interior they are inserted and locked, such portion is not visible in the figure. The second cavity thickness (space between planes 18 and 12) continues to be provided by permanent fastening bolts' length 14. Fig. 4 shows a cross section view of the previous figure's wall, after assembling the main elements, illustrating with greater detail the first cavity 20 and the second cavity 30, the latter intended to be filled with reinforced concrete. Having this purpose in view, reinforcing shield 31 is installed that is kept in its position by means of components fastened to the permanent fastening element 14, comprising said components the distance pieces 32 as well as other parts not mentioned, which will be described in detailed later. Cavity 20 will remain available for different installations, such as piping 21. Fig. 5 shows, by means of a cross section view, the same wall of the previous figure, with its assembly completed, which comprises filling said second cavity with concrete 33, the mould formed by plates 22. The figure shows also some possibilities of using said first cavity, seeing at the top, the filling with isolating material 22 against heat, noise and vibration. Still in this portion of the wall the passage of an electric conductor 23 that feeds a plug (or switch) 24, installed on finishing plate 10, is seen. The details of that passage are illustrated in connection with figures 67, 68 and 69 and will be analysed at the proper time. At the figure's portion lower, screw 90 inserted in the permanent bolt (not referred to) is shown, said screw serving to support decorative articles such as picture. Also in this portion of the wall another possibility of use is illustrated, which consists in providing a water reservoir 40. This reservoir can be used to store rainwater collected by pipes connected to the roof, will be treated by known methods, thus, constituting an emergency reservoir. Likewise, reservoirs of the type illustrated can be installed in bathroom, kitchen, etc. walls, being able to be associated to selective waste water pre-treatment systems of basins, kitchen sinks, etc. Fig. 6 illustrates a set of fastening bolts with three orders de bolts, comprising the external bolt 14, the intermediary order bolt 35 and the lower order bolt 36. External bolt 14, which in the previous figure performs the permanent fastening bolt function, is cylindrically shaped provided, on its external surface, with a plurality of ledges 28 shaped as segmented rings that surround said surface, arranged parallel to each other at regular intervals equal to the thickness of said rings, covering the entire extension of this fastening element, which ends are provided with catches 25 to lock said element against turning. Said locking is provided by the insertion of said catches 25 in slots 27 provided in plates 11 and 12, of Figs. 2 e 3, symbolically represented in the present figure by ring 26 for representation clearness purposes. Thus, when the wall is assembled by fitting openings 15 (referred to in Fig. 2) in the ends of said permanent fastening elements 14, the latter will be locked against turning, which allows fastening of intermediary rings 29 in the desired position, by moving a long said element followed by a 45 degree turn, as illustrated by the arrows. The referred Fig. 6 also shows the intermediary order bolt 35 that can be inserted into the permanent fastening element, and yet a second internal order bolt 36, of general use, provided with a single head 37 that allows fitting finishing plates. Due to the fact that the interior of this permanent fastening element 14 is hollow, it serves for inserting high strength steel rods 38, used in shoring floors or slabs in upper levels during the construction of buildings with various floors, such as explained and detailed later in connection with figures 10 to 13. As illustrated, the outside relief of these rods is similar to that of the intermediary order bolts, i.e., comprising ledges shaped as segmented rings as well as rims 39, which allow their locking against turning. Likewise, these high strength rods will also be able to be used as scaffoldings supports, when a repair in the inside or outside walls is necessary, even in already finished buildings. In this case, the finishing plates (not illustrated in the figure) , bolts 35 and 36 are removed from the interior of the elements 14, allowing insertion, in the latter, of the referred high strength rods 38 that will support the scaffoldings. Once the repairs have been concluded, said rods are removed and the finishing elements are placed back. Fig. 7 illustrates high strength shields the same set of elements fastening bolts after assembly, highlighting the way slots 27 of sheet 12 (already illustrated in Fig. 2) fit into catches 25 to provide locking of external bolt 14 against turning.

Fig. 8 shows yet another view blown up of the set of fastening bolts. Fig. 9 shows the use of a common helicoid threaded screw 42 inserted inside fastening internal order bolt 36, to provide a clamping and locking plate double head or other elements. The same figure shows an alternative way to provide the same effect, by using a double head fastening bolt 43.

As figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 illustrate the use of permanent fastening bolts together with resistant rods 38 in shoring structures above ground or of more than one floor, such as reinforced concrete slabs. In Fig. 10 shows that mould forma 44 is leaning on supports 163 that, in turn, are inserted in resistant rods 38 that project at the top and bottom of the moulds that delimit said slab, which is indicated in a lighter colour in Fig. 11, that illustrates the already cast slab.

Yet according to what Fig. 10 shows, said resistant rods cannot turn since they are locked by through plate 45, having cracks (not referred to in the figure) into which cracks 39 of these rods (not referred to in this figure, but indicated in Fig. 6) are inserted. Said resistant rods also provide support and fastening of the rods or shield screens, as will be described in details in connection with figures 37 and 38. In Fig. 10 are also illustrated strong fasteners 53, which are used together with the props, as will be described in connection with Fig. 13.

The application of the shoring system is illustrated in Fig. 13, which shows every constructive element involved. This figure shows that strong fasteners 53 are fitted into resistant rods 38, above and below the slab. These fasteners supply the bearing points of the cylindrical props ends 164-166-165 that, as they are hollow, fit loosely into the ends of said resistant rods. As figure illustrates, said props are of the telescopic type, constituted by upper 164 and lower tubes 165 joined, at the prop central region, by sleeve 166 into which they slide. Said sleeve, as well as portions of said tubes inserted in it, are provided with passing openings (not referred to) into which the passing bolts (equally not referred) slide allowing their longitudinal locking in different graded positions, making it possible to adjust the length of said prop formed by set 164-166-165 according to the vertical distance between successive slabs. The figure schematises said shoring, showing the upper end of tube 164 held from below of strong fastener 53 which, in turn, is inserted in the lower region of resistant rod 38. As already described, this resistant rod crosses through the slab and its upper end, which projects above said slab receives by fitting in a second strong fastener 53, which bears the lower end of tube 165, constituting part of the prop that will bear the weight of the higher floors . Thus, the set of props located under a slab, beam or alike, supplies the support, during its assembly and filling with concrete, transferring the vertical forces from its weight to strong fasteners 53 inserted in the upper ends of resistant rods 38 of the slab or beam of the lower floor. In turn, these forces are unloaded, by those resistant rods, to strong fasteners 53 fitted into their lower ends and from those fasteners to tubes 164 of the props that lean on the lower floors, and so forth. By means of the arrangement described, the intermediary slabs or beams are not loaded, since the vertical strengths from the higher floors are transmitted downward by the sets formed by the props, strong fasteners and resistant rods.

The system described herein will be able to be used accelerate the construction of buildings with several floors, such as Fig. 12 schematizes. In this illustration, the resistant rods and the props associated are represented only by axes 160, for drawing scale reasons. Said axes spaced according to the modular distance adopted at the work, therefore, the total load is distributed by a plurality of these elements. This allows the concreting of upper slabs 49 and 47 without it being necessary to wait for the hardening and cure of lower slab 46 (represented in the figure as a lost caisson slab) . Likewise, according to the invention, permanent fastening bolts 14 are built-in in the walls 50, making it possible, if necessary, to place internal or external scaffoldings 51 by removing intermediary order bolts 35 and internal order bolts 36 (not referred to in the figure) and inserting resistant rods 38 inside those permanent 14, for temporary support of the scaffoldings. Fig. 14 shows, with an exemplifying purpose, and not limiting, part of one of planes 11 that delimit the wall cavities illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, showing in detail fastening hole 15, centrally located at the crossing of the vertical and horizontal grooves, as well as locking slots 27, which function has been described in connection with Figs. 6 and 7. As will be described in detail below, the elements that delimit said grooves can assume several configurations, due to their height and the locking teeth with which they are equipped. Thus, Fig. 15 shows a first embodiment of parts 11a

(see Figs. 17, 18 and 20) that comprise planes 11 (Fig. 4), each part constituted by a square plate divided into four quadrants 54 (rectangular or, as illustrated, square) which are delimited by frame walls 55. Said quadrants are spaced between each other in a way to provider orthogonal grooves or troughs between them, with width 59, distance 60 of said frame walls to the plate external edges being half the width of groove or trough 59. The embodiment illustrated in Fig. 15 is that of the trough formed by single tooth (side teeth) recessed frame, which main use is on the structure's internal side, where the larger volume systems are installed.

The groove or trough formed by the single tooth (side teeth) frame illustrated in Fig. 16, comprises basic structural plate lib (see Figs. 17, 18 and 20) used for all sides of the structure. Contrary to the recessed frame of the previous figure, it serves as support both for the finishing plate and any outside plate. It is a basic plate, does not have upper teeth for use in situations in which it is not necessary to pass electrical connections or other types of systems, wires or cables, etc.

To form the planes, the structural plates must be joined between to each other, which are performed by multifunctional locks, some of which are illustrated in Fig. 17. According to this figure, said locks are formed by two cooperative coupled parts, comprising a first upper part 110-a and a second lower part 110-b, which constitutes a "drawer" which movement provides the locking of the part. As illustrated in 17-a and 17-c, said upper part is shaped as a rectangular dense plate, having on its lower face two grooves 111 and, on the longitudinal side edges, a plurality of concavities 112 with shape and inside dimensions corresponding to those of teeth 56 ou 58. According to 17-b, drawer 110-b substantially shaped as a rectangular dense plate, with the same dimensions of said upper plate and two longitudinal ledges 113, that correspond to said grooves 111, into which they slide. Both sides are cut by a plurality of teeth 114, which profile corresponds to that of teeth 56 or 58. At one of the ends, this drawer has a mirror showed in Fig. 17 which movement is indicated by the arrow, which allows moving it between the fitting and locking positions. A fitting position is illustrated in Fig. 17-d and in the corresponding detail, Fig. 17-f, which shows teeth 114 aligned with concavities 112, this alignment allows the insertion of the part in the void of trough 59 between two frames, so teeth 56 or 58 penetrate without any clearance into said concavities 112. After this insertion, drawer 110-b is pushed in the arrow's direction, the part remaining as illustrated in 17-e and 17-g, so teeth 114 do not meet said concavities 112 where teeth 56 or 58 (not illustrated in this figure) are embedded. Once teeth 114 are now positioned below teeth 56 or 58, depending on the type of plate being used, part 110 remains locked and cannot be removed.

Fig. 18 shows the composition of a plane by grouping a plurality of plates 11a, joined by the edges. The fastening and mutual locking of these plates can be performed by means of two types of multifunctional locks, the first 64 shorter and the second longer 65, which length is such it penetrates longitudinally in grooves or troughs of two adjoining plates 11a. It shows that lock 65 is structurally and functionally equivalent to that exemplified in Fig. 17, being that, in its assembly, it embeds into the grooves of the interconnected plates. On the other hand, lock 64, which could be called "transversal multifunctional lock", does not insert into the trough but above frame walls 56, provided with specific lugs for this purpose, as will be described in detail later.

Fig. 19 shows a third type of plate lie in which the frame walls are provided with two series of teeth, side series 62 and top series 63, allowing the passage of small diameter electrical conductors. The interconnection between plates of this type, with the purpose of forming a plane, can be performed by means of long multifunctional locks 65, described previously, or by of means transversal locks 66, which differ from the transversal 64 because they have, a long their side edges, two rows of square passing holes 67 into which upper teeth 63 imbed when the lock is installed. The figure also shows longitudinal lugs 68, which "hug" frame walls 61, not allowing the mutual pitch of the plates joined by this lock.

Fig. 20 shows, in greater detail, the three types of grooves or troughs formed by the frame walls, i.e., the simplest and recessed ones in plates 11a with frame walls similar to those referred to as 55 in Fig. 15, the deeper troughs in plates lib which frame walls follow the standard referred to as 57 in Fig. 16 and the troughs of plates lie which frame walls have side and top teeth according to the referred to as 61 in Fig. 19. In Fig. 20 also illustrates some of the possibilities of multifunctional lock embodiments, from the simplest lock 64 that embeds into the corresponding trough up to lock 66, equipped with holes 67 and lugs 68 for an extremely strong locking between the plates, and yet, multifunctional lock 69, similar to the previous one regarding side lugs 68 but without holes 67.

Fig. 21 shows the formation of a through plane obtained by means of the combination of through plates 70, constituted only by the troughs that cross at the centre of each plate, where fastening hole 15 is located. In this example, said troughs are formed by frame walls of standard 57, but could use any of the other standards previously described. The joint between adjoining plates 70 can only be performed by longitudinal multifunctional locks 71, as illustrated in this figure.

Fig. 22 shows a plane equivalent to that of previous figure, formed by through plates 72 in which frame walls 61 have a double row of teeth, side 62 and top 63. For the joint between the parts both longitudinal multifunctional locks 71, used in the arrangement of the previous figure, and locks 66' , similar to those already described 66, although longer than the latter, can be used.

Fig. 23 illustrates some additional embodiments of the multifunctional locks, intended for specific purposes. Thus, for example, lock 73 is used in electrical installations that dismiss the use of conduits, where the conductive wires run through the troughs, such as trough 59 that can be seen in Fig. 15, serving grooves 74 to fasten the referred wires (not illustrated in figure) . For a firmer clamping, lock 75 can be used, in which grooves 76 are located on the lower face, which remains juxtaposed at the bottom of the trough when the lock is installed.

Fig. 23 also illustrates, at the top left corner, angular lock 78, used to construct the outside corners, when plates meet forming two orthogonal planes, represented in the figure in a simplified way by troughs 77 and 77'. Obviously, the same principle will be able to be used for the meeting of planes in other angles, being enough to build part 78 according to the angle desired. However, the figure illustrates an angular lock usable on ribs formed by two planes meeting; obviously the same constructive principle is applicable to re-entering dihedrons. Additionally, the constructive principle illustrated is applicable to the meeting of three planes, i.e., to trihedrons, being convex or concave.

In low income and/or de low cost constructions, complex fastening bolts 14, 35, 36 illustrated in Fig. 6 will be able to be substituted with economical advantages by the modular distance pieces illustrated, in perspective and in longitudinal cross section, in Fig. 24. This part allows the construction of walls with various thicknesses related to a standardized module "m", such as "m/2", "m/3" and "m/6", simply sectioning the distance piece illustrated at cut points 79. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, there is m = 15 mm, being m/2 = 75 mm, m/3 = 50 mm and m/6 = 25 mm.

Some appropriate accessories for this type of distance piece are illustrated in Fig. 25, showing that those detailed in b and c, that the portion inserted inside the do distance piece is provided with a self-tapping or hexagonal helicoid thread, since central longitudinal groove 80 of the distance piece is smooth, contrary to what occurs with the central grooves of the fastening bolts 14 and 35.

Distance piece "a" has an outside surface with high relief finish to be better concreted. Fig. 26 shows two supports for accessory elements that, used together with parts 11, 70, 72 and alike, allow fastening of devices, equipment or piping.

The system proposed herein also innovates regarding fastening of reinforcing shields used in reinforced concrete structures. Fig. 27 shows a first way to perform such fastening, in which two parallel planes shield rods - such as two screens of the type illustrated in Figs. 3β-a and 36-b - are held at both two ends of fastening bolts 81 by nuts 82 and respective washers (optional, not referred to in the figure) . As indicated in the partial cross section view, these nuts do not have a helicoid channelling, being internally equipped with segmented rings cooperative with outside segmented rings of permanent bolts 81, and their locking being performed by a 45° turn after their positioning a long of said bolts.

Fig. 28 shows a second way of embodiment of spacers

84, where embedding elements - holes - are orientated in two orthogonal directions, thus allowing the fastening of shields with abutments, such as occurs on the reinforced concrete beams. One of these said spacer elements are highlighted in Fig. 29, which can be advantageously built of mechanical high resistance material or metallic sheet. Fig. 30 shows, blown up, some details of the shields' fastening elements, illustrating, at the upper left corner, distance piece element 84 in which the directions of the embedding axes x and y are orthogonal with each other (angle α = 90°). In distance piece element 85 angle α¹ is different to 90°, permanent fastening bolts 81 being orientated in directions that do not form a right angle any more. On the right side of this board a set is illustrated formed by bolt fastener 81, the respective nuts (not referred to) and bolt 83 having a head with a clearance mould retaining element for concreting. If the mechanical stress is reduced, instead of nuts 82, washers 86 can be used, which locking obeys the same basic principle as said nuts, however, of lower cost than the latter, since they can be produced by stamping. Yet this board shows set 87 that works together with flexible sheet 88, allowing full freedom of forms in the production of architectonic elements, as described bellow. In fact, Fig. 33 illustrates the possibility of melting in concrete a curved part 87, assuring at the same time the finishing plates' fastening points that, in this case, are provided with double heads of bolts 89. The details of the elements used in this embodiment are shown in Figs. 31 and 32, on the same board.

The versatility made possible by using distance pieces 84 and 85, represented in Fig. 32, is illustrated in Figs. 34 and 35. In the first one, it can be seen how the use of distance piece 85, which faces are not orthogonal, facilitates the manufacture of the curved portion of a reinforced concrete part, such as a column.

Fig. 35 represents a column (or wall) with a larger width than the previous one, this width obtained by using spacers 84, in which ends permanent fastening bolts 81 are inserted, which are used both in fastening shield 90 and positioning clearance moulds and/or outside finishing plates 91, by embedding concentric fasteners, such as fasteners 83 illustrated in the previous figure. It also allows executing forms such as sculptured stairs, etc.

The fastening method of a shield constituted by a screen is illustrated in Fig. 36-a, in which left the is a blown up view that shows the rods of shield 31 and two types of clamping elements, i.e., threaded washers 93 and washers 92, which opening is smooth, demanding, for its locking, the use of nuts 82. The separation between the shield screens is defined by the length of spacer 32. The detail of the right side of this board shows the set already assembled, including finishing plate 95 inserted in the double head of the clamping element. The screens used can be of the diagonal type 94, such as illustrated in the upper part of Fig. 36-a, comprised by horizontal and vertical rods, as illustrated in Fig. 36-b. The combination of both types of screen is shown in Fig. 36-c, being highly advantageous, since it offers greater resistance to stress in every direction. To be able to use them in the system, the screens must be manufactured with a distance p compatible with the module adopted for the constructive system.

Fig. 37 exemplifies the process adopted in executing a reinforced concrete element such as a wall, a column or alike.

Inside the space formed by the planes constituted by the interconnected clearance moulds set 96 is reinforcing shield 97, which constructive principles have already been described in connection with Fig. 27. The highlight of Fig. 38, as well as in said Fig. 37, shows the insertion, in the ends dos permanent fastening bolts (not referred to) , secondary bolts 83, which provide the distance between the shield fittings and the concreted part faces, as well as fastening said clearance moulds 96, as will be explained latter.

Fig. 39 illustrates, in detail, clearance mould 96 and the respective process of fastening to the set. This plate, which is closed, metallic (or of a resistant and reinforced material such as engineering plastic, fibreglass or carbon, etc.) and reusable, is provided, a long its edges, with elements that will work as tags 98 that allow fast coupling and uncoupling with the other plates of the same type, by means of a top joint. The elements related to the width direction positioning of the element (wall, column, etc.) are oblong recess 99 having passing opening 99' in its centre, with a diameter that allows the passage of fastening head 83'. The placement sequence of this plate begins embedding holes 99' in said heads 83', which project into recess 99. Then, according to what detail b shows, tags 120 are inserted into these recesses in the direction of the arrow. These tags have in their lower region a hole with a diameter similar to that of hole 99' allowing it embedment in head fastening 83'. Said hole communicates with an extension shaped as groove narrower in the tag upper region superior, so, when said tag 120 is pushed sliding downwards, as indicated in detail c, its locking occurs and consequent clamping of clearance mould 96. To disassemble these moulds, once the concrete is cured, the operation sequence is inverted, allowing the reuse of every part.

Tag 120 is also used to fasten other elements, such as thick plate 95 illustrated in Fig. 36. For such, a non-through hollow is opened, by means of a cutter, from the inside face of this plate, which can be, for example, a marble plate, and a tag similar to tag 120 is fasten in this hollow, by means of an adhesive. As a result, the plate can be embedded in or released from the fastening head.

The shield arrangement illustrated in Fig. 38 can also be used to build stairs, as Fig. 40 shows. In this application, bolt heads 83 will supply the fastening points of the step structures, which are shown in greater detail, in Fig. 41. In this figure, the detail shows a blown up view of the elements of a step that is also detailed, in a semi-blown up view, in detail b. The inside rods of this step are sufficiently resistant to dismiss concreting, allowing to obtain a lighter and sufficiently strong structure. If the step is concreted, the structure detailed in c is used, which includes the shield fittings.

Fig. 42 shows a blown up side view of the step, in increased scale, as well as details of its assembly on the leaning shield. Particularly, it shows triangular part 150 with tag type embedments 151 on its lower face, for fastening to the shield bolt heads, said part is provided with a plurality of embedment holes 152 to insert permanent fastening bolts 83, which will allow to fasten the floor, mirror and banister supports. Fig. 43 shows the step of the previous figure, after its elements have been assembled, illustrating that the floor and mirror finishing plates are already in place.

Fig. 44 shows the same structure of the previous figure, after the concreting that, obviously, will be performed before fastening floor 153 and mirror 154 finishing plates, these being embedded in their places only after the concrete has cured. It also illustrates banister 155, equally fastened to a step structure.

The use of the clearance moulds is not limited to building flat surface elements. Thus, Fig. 45 shows how it is possible to use curved clearance moulds 196, forming a cylindrical mould, together with flexible steel (or resistant plastic) belt 188, where bolts 83, intended to clamping shield 197, are fastened to form a circular cross section column. Obviously, the same principle applies to the building of columns with other cross sections, such as square, which is also illustrated on the same, as well as "T", "L", etc. shaped. In the case of columns that are part of door frames, instead of some permanent fastening bolts 83, elements 192, illustrated in Fig. 61, in a convenient number (for example, thee) arranged in a same vertical line, are used, said elements incorporating only one part, the hinge and the fastening bolt.

Fig. 46 shows an accessory shaped as "tray" 121 used to assemble electrical systems, such as a circuit breaker board, which will be embedded into central space 122. In this application, the referred accessory has, as fastening elements, the troughs of through plates 72, multifunctional locks 134 and 135, the latter having wire passing means 136.

The profiles of various types of troughs are illustrated in Fig. 47, together with the respective multifunctional locks. Profiles referred to as A, B and c correspond, respectively, to troughs lib, lie and 11a previously described. Profile D is a reduced height profile, where the teeth have a triangular cross section. The same board presents, in Fig. 48, some variations among the possible formats of the plates that can be used in the system.

As Figs. 49, 50 and 51 illustrate a system to fasten accessories such as towel racks or supports for selves or furniture juxtaposed to the walls, generically referred to as 123 or 129 in these figures, as illustrated in Fig. 49, outside element (i.e., that which will project outside the wall) 123 is linked to smooth cylindrical axis 124, which is hollow and threaded at its lower end. Said axis slides to be embedded into intermediary bolt 125, which has, at its upper end, a square nut 126. The referred axis is inserted in said bolt's internal space, which also is smooth in order to allow free rotation of the axis in its interior, being fastened in this position by screw 127 that is tapered at its internal thread. Note that axis 124 is slightly longer than bolt 125, as a result that, even after the full tightening of screw 127, the axis rotation continues possible axis.

Fig. 50 shows the insertion, in the arrow's direction, of bolt 125, inside permanent bolt 14, noting that the diameter of screw' s head 127 is such that allows the free passage of bolt 125, when of its insertion, by a through hole in finishing plate 128 (not illustrated in Fig. 50 for clarity reasons).

Fig. 51 shows the end of the insertion, which consists in the locking of bolt 125 in the interior of permanent bolt

14 by means of a 45° turn of square nut 126, which faces, then, are parallel to the external element faces. For simple illustration reasons, said element external 123 is represented as a square cross section prism, however, it must be understood that it will be able to have any format compatible with its use, such as handle 129 illustrated in the same figure.

When it is refurnishing only for aesthetical effects, which are limited to modify the aspect of already built walls, such as those of brick, plates 130 or 131, illustrated in Fig. 52, can be simply fastened to them. This fastening will be able to be performed by means of adhesives, nails or chucks. Said plates are provided with fastening heads 138 which allow embedding the holes configured as "tags" of finishing plates 132 or 133.

Figs. 53 to 57 illustrate, by means of cross section views, some possibilities of building walls, showing, in a symbolic and highly simplified way, the various planes that configure their internal spaces. Thus, in Fig. 53, there is a three cavity wall and, in Fig. 54, a two cavity wall. For constructions subject to tremors or vibrations, the permanent fastening bolts can be sectioned, as illustrated in Figs. 56 and 57, by inserting between both a solid or elastic chuck.

The examples of embodiment presented previously refer implicitly to rectangular rooms, which is the format normally adopted. However, the system proposed offers great flexibility of formats, which reflect in a great variety of floor formats, flatly represented in Fig. 58, such floors can be curved, triangular, etc. In these cases, the non concordance of the floor fastening elements with those of the walls leant on said floors can occur, these situations illustrated with greater detail in Figs. 59 and 60.

Fig. 59 shows a through floor formed by through plates 72 - such as occurs, for example, in floors cast in concrete as is the case of slabs - and a diagonal wall, formed by plates 11'. According to this illustration, elements 142 are used to support and fasten these plates, comprising, at the upper vertical portion, multifunctional lock 144 to which plates 11' are fastened, in a conventional manner. Lower portion 143 of elements 142 is flat, being fastened by means of adhesive glue to floor, in this case, clippings 72' must be performed in order to eliminate plates frame walls 72 at the gluing regions. For freer format walls, for example, a curved format as that illustrated in Fig. 60, elements 145 used to join plates 11' to the floor have a smaller base 146, allowing full format freedom for said wall. Fig. 62 illustrates some variations in the bolt distance pieces, as well as in formats of the respective heads (square, hexagonal, etc.).

The set of Figs. 63, 64, 65 and 66 illustrates an alternative format to build stairs, with balanced steps. According to the invention, the stairs comprise three basic parts: a) support structure, which can be shaped as a flat slab such as 97 in Fig. 40, rectangular beam 193 such as in Fig. 65, circular as in Fig. 66, or any other format, according to the project aesthetic requirements; b) in-between, i.e., the structure that serves as support for the steps, with support for the floors and the mirrors, such as structures (b) and (c) in Fig. 41. Triangular parts 150 and correlate accessories in Fig. 42 or the modulated curved structure of Fig. 64; c) floors and mirrors, which can be of any material, such as wood, marble, etc., provided with embedding elements at the heads of the permanent fastening bolts according to the above Figs. Fastening by means of embedment has the advantage of allowing easy replacement of the worn steps or mirrors, or even, the modification of the aesthetic aspect of the stairs, without needing to refurbish its structure.

The above descriptions do not enclose all the possibilities of the method and system proposed, experts in the art can introduce modifications. Thus, for example, permanent fastening bolts 14 con be used advantageously in structures of abutment walls, as the central holes of these bolts provide water draining paths, allowing drying of the earth held by the wall.

Likewise, the fastening and distance bolts can be used for the passage of the electric wiring conductors between opposite faces of a structure or through cavities, such as is the case of wire 23 illustrated in Fig. 5. The details of those passages can be seen in Figs. 67, 68 and 69. The passage of low tension conductor 151, which is inserted in the hollow space inside the fastening and distance bolt by means of a hole in head 154, is shown in Fig. 68. Obviously, this hole can be provided in fastening heads of various types, such as double head 155 in the same figure, or cylindrical head 156 or even pressure embedment head 157 illustrated in Fig. 69. For high tension connections, for example, between the outside and inside of industrial buildings or high tension chamber, the central groove of the distance piece bolt is used, which larger diameter allows the passage of conductors with larger diameter isolation sleeves, such as conductor 152 in Fig. 67. The same figure shows that it will be possible to insert average tension conductor 153 in the existing clearance between the segmented rings of an intermediary order bolt.

In addition to its use in constructing structures built and moulded at the work site, the system proposed also can be used in metallic structures or premoulded at the plant to then be used at the work site. Figures 70 to 73 illustrate the referred possibilities. In Fig. 70 shows metallic beam 170 having, in its lugs, permanent fastening bolts 14. Fig. 71 illustrates an alternative manner of fastening the permanent bolts on beam lugs 172, by means of bolts 171 which match the helicoid threaded screws in portion that is located internally (between the lugs) . Fig. 72a shows a premoulded concrete beam 173 where permanent fastening bolts 81 are incrusted, and match smaller diameter bolts 83. The highlight of Fig. 72b shows a cross section view of the same beam 173 with permanent 81 incrusted in the concrete.

Fig. 73 shows prefabricated slab 174, which is cast at the plant already with the permanent bolts 81, in order to make the later fastening of ceilings, floors, etc., possible once its installed, by means of a crane, in the building its intended for.

Thus, the invention is defined and delimited by the following set of claims.

Claims

1. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION, where fastening points are distributed on the structures with standardised distances between them, which serve as a standard to fasten any type of forming or manufacturing system in general, and standardisation for the use and permanent standardised pre-fastening for a harmonious installation and conservation in the structures, fully based on prefabricated parts, characterized by comprising multifunctional or economical distance pieces, structural or finishing plates and multifunctional locks to provide the top joint between the latter.

2. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 1, characterized by said distance pieces working as spacers and support means between structural or finishing plates, as well as the structural reinforcing elements comprising shields.

3. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 2, characterized by said distance pieces being equipped with clamping and fastening means of other elements of the system.

4. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 2 or 3, characterized by said distance pieces being configured as substantially cylindrical tubular bolts. 5. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 4, characterized by said bolts having the plates' clamping heads or elements on at least one of their ends . β. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 4, characterized by said bolts having locking or clamping elements on at least one of their surfaces (external or internal) .

7. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 6, characterized by the diameters of said bolts being arranged in graded order, in which the bolts of every grade slide into the immediately larger grade bolts.

8. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 7, characterized by said bolts having reciprocal locking or clamping mechanical means.

9. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 4, characterized by said bolts being positioned substantially perpendicular to said structural or finishing plates.

10. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 6, 7 or 8, characterized by said reciprocal locking or clamping mechanical means being constituted by bayonet type elements, locking and unlocking provided by rotating around a longitudinal axis, in an arch smaller to a complete turn.

11. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 10, characterized by said clamping and locking means being provided with a plurality of segmented ring ledges around the internal and external cylindrical surfaces of said bolts, the projecting ring segments assuming arches slightly smaller than the intervals between them.

12. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 4, characterized by said bolts comprising a first portion having clamping and locking means and a second spacing portion having a plate fastening means at its end.

13. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 6, 7, 8, 9 or 11, characterized by said bolts having passing means for general use internal and external (low or average tension) wiring conductors, also allowing, in the central groove, the passage of high tension conductors.

14. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 1, characterized by said structural plates being through and through or closed.

15. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 14, characterized by said structural closed plates forming reusable modular clearance moulds for concreting walls, slabs, beams or columns.

16. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 1, characterized by said structural or finishing plates limiting cavities formed by planes parallel to each other.

17. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 16, characterized by said cavities formed between two planes, formed by structural or finishing plates, containing piping, cabling, electronic or electrical boards, or communication, supervision, control, alarm or information processing devices.

18. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 16, characterized by said cavities formed between two planes, formed by structural or finishing plates, containing water storage systems.

19. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 18, characterized by said water storage systems comprise water treatment or pre-treatment systems.

20. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 19, characterized by said treatment or pre-treatment systems processing waste water.

21. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 14, characterized by every through plate being constituted by rulers in the shape of horizontal and vertical crossed troughs, having end fitting means of the fastening bolts or distance pieces at every crossing.

22. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 14, characterized by said closed plates being able to have a structural or decorative function or both simultaneously .

23. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 14, 15 or 21, characterized by said plates having one of the four types of grooves in the shape of rectangular trough comprising:

- Single tooth groove (side teeth) ; - Double tooth groove (side and top teeth) ; - Single tooth recessed groove (side teeth) ;

- Smooth groove (without teeth) .

24. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 23, characterized by said troughs providing the mutual clamping and locking means of said plates .

25. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 23 or 24, characterized by said troughs being delimited by frame-walls perpendicular to the plate plane, delimiting four rectangular regions forming symmetrical squares in relation to the main axes of said plates.

26. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 25, characterized by providing, a long said frame-walls, series of substantially prismatic teeth comprising one of the following possibilities:

- single teeth (side teeth) ;

- double teeth (side and top teeth) ;

- single side teeth on recessed walls.

27. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 26, characterized by being mutual clamping and locking between adjoining plates, joined by their edges, having multifunctional locks cooperative with said frame-walls' elements .

28. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 27, characterized by said multifunctional locks providing the following functions:

- splice the plates to each other;

- provide fastening points for protection support of the finishing plates; - provide fastening points to use any type of system.

29 . PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE- FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 27 or 28, characterized by said multifunctional locks being reusable and comprising a first bottom component, shaped as a "drawer" that fits into the plate's trough fastening, when moved horizontally, the lock in the referred groove, and a second top component, which varies according to the use.

30. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 29, characterized by said top component comprising:

31. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 28, characterized by being said fastening between adjoining plates provided by longitudinal or transversal positioning of the multifunctional lock.

32. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 31, characterized by being said longitudinal positioning that in which one end of the multifunctional lock is inserted in the trough of a first plate and the other end inserted in the trough of the second plate, in a top joint.

33. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 31, characterized by being said transversal positioning that in which an edge of the multifunctional lock is set in the frame-wall of a first plate and the facing edge of the multifunctional lock is set in the frame-wall of the second plate, adjoining the first with a top joint.

34. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 1, characterized by comprising, additionally, structure shoring resistant rods (38) in juxtaposed floors such as reinforced concrete slabs.

35. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 15, characterized by being the top joint between the clearance moulds (96, 196) provided by "zipper" type elements (98) that allow fast coupling and uncoupling with the other plates of the same type.

36. PERMANENT STANDARDISED PRE-FASTENING SYSTEM FOR

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to any of the previous claims, characterized by being the fastening of the plates at the clamping heads localised at least on one end of the bolts' distance pieces/spacers provided by fitting "tag" type elements (120) at said heads .