WO2006097765A1 - Heated fluid line - Google Patents

Heated fluid line Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006097765A1
WO2006097765A1 PCT/GB2006/001015 GB2006001015W WO2006097765A1 WO 2006097765 A1 WO2006097765 A1 WO 2006097765A1 GB 2006001015 W GB2006001015 W GB 2006001015W WO 2006097765 A1 WO2006097765 A1 WO 2006097765A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid line
heated fluid
line according
inner layer
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/001015
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerhard Thome
Original Assignee
Heat Trace Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heat Trace Limited filed Critical Heat Trace Limited
Publication of WO2006097765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006097765A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/58—Heating hoses; Heating collars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/35—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • F16L53/38—Ohmic-resistance heating using elongate electric heating elements, e.g. wires or ribbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an electric heatable fluid line with heating by an electro conductive polymer which has positive temperature characteristics of electric resistance.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • heating wire can be used without further thermal fuse.
  • heating bands are known where a resistance wire is wound around the two connecting wires, thereby connecting the wires at regular intervals.
  • an insulating sheathing preferably of a thermoplastic fluoric polymer as FEP, is extruded.
  • the insulating sheathing is furthermore covered by a wire netting as mechanical protection and as ground wire of the heating band.
  • a further insulating coating is extruded, preferably of a thermoplastic fluoric polymer.
  • This so composed heating band is laid parallel to the fluid line or wound around the fluid line and secured to the fluid line in such a way that it conducts the heat well.
  • the band is secured to the fluid line by taping with insulating adhesive tape, preferably with a glass fibre fabric tape.
  • a heated fluid line characterized by at least one inner layer, forming a tube through which a fluid may flow, a middle layer of electro conductive polymer with a positive temperature characteristic of electrical resistance and electric wires embedded therein, and an outer layer of an insulating material.
  • the inner layer of the heated fluid line may be a flexible tube of plastic, preferably thermoplastic, through which the fluid flows. Also possible would be an elastomer. Because of the contact with the fluid the tube needs to be resistant against the fluid. When using the heated fluid line in vehicles or aircrafts a resistance against fuel, oil, coolant etc. is required.
  • a preferred application is the use of the present invention for the heating of tubes for urea solutions. Such a use requires the tube to be resistant to urea and ammonia and their solutions like "Ad Blue”. This applies to many thermoplastics, i.e. IXEF, PA, PTFE, PEEK, PPS and PVDF, but also elastomers, i.e. BR, NR and EPDM, which would be suitable for the inner layer.
  • a preferred material for the inner layer is polyamide, and particularly preferred is an aliphatic polyamide, most particularly PA 12, of which the number of carbon atoms between the nitrogen atoms in the polymer chain counts 12 links.
  • Favourably the inner layer is extruded as a tube.
  • a PTC polymeric layer, in which electrical wires are embedded, is provided on this inner layer. It will be appreciated that there may be some layers between the inner layer and the PTC polymeric layer, which could be provided as a diffusion barrier.
  • the electric wires can have the shape of a one-core or multi-core wire, but could also be formed like a band.
  • the PTC polymeric layer is also extruded, and the electric wires are carried along and included in the extruding process.
  • At least one outer layer is sprayed onto the PTC polymeric layer which serves as thermal and electrical insulation. If the outer layer consists of several layers, the thermal and electrical insulation can be taken over by different layers. At least the layer serving for the thermal insulation consists preferably of a temperature resistant, foamed plastic, e.g. Polyethylene or Silicone, which favourably combines good thermal insulation with high flexibility and little weight, and additionally is extrusionable.
  • a temperature resistant, foamed plastic e.g. Polyethylene or Silicone
  • a heated fluid line is created, which is very flexible, compact and space-saving.
  • the heated fluid line is also reliable and durable. Good heat transfer between the PTC polymeric layer is ensured as there is a large contact area between the inner tube and the PTC layer, since there is tight contact between the PTC polymeric layer and the inner tube.
  • Thin tubes can be heated reliably according to the present invention. Since the electric wires are carried along the fluid line, a parallel connection of the PTC resistance over the whole length of the wires is provided. If there are air pockets in the fluid to be heated, the PTC polymer regulates the current at this spot. Due to the missing heat transfer to the fluid at the location of the air pocket, the temperature of the PTC polymeric layer in the region of the air pocket will rise. As the temperature of the region of the PTC polymeric layer rises, so does its electrical resistance, causing a reduction in the current flow through the region of the PTC polymeric layer, i.e. the PTC polymeric layer is self-regulating. Therefore, the air pockets are accounted for without overheating the medium locally and/or affecting the rest of the heating of the fluid.
  • the fluid line can be cut to any length and provided with connections, since the electric wires are carried along the whole line.
  • these onesided connections are preferred to a two-sided connection, which are needed for heating wires, as they are easier to complete.
  • the inner layer 1 is a plastic layer formed as a tube, through which a fluid can flow.
  • the fluid is a urea solution like "Ad Blue”.
  • the inner diameter of the tube is 2 mm, the outer diameter 4 mm.
  • the material of the inner layer is ammonia-resistant PA 12.
  • the inner layer 1 is coated by a PTC polymeric layer 2, which has the electric wires 3,4 embedded therein.
  • the PTC polymeric layer 2 consists of a thermoplastic polymer which is provided with electro-conductive particles and thus the layer is electro-conductive.
  • the PTC polymeric layer 2 is extruded on the inner layer 1.
  • the PTC polymeric layer 2 forms a tube around the inner layer 1 (in other words the PTC polymeric layer extends fully around the circumference of the inner layer).
  • the PTC polymeric layer 2 is coated by an insulation layer 5 which is the outer sheathing and serves both as thermal and electrical insulation.
  • the outer diameter of the insulation layer in this example is 10 mm.
  • the outer layer 5 is extruded on the PTC polymeric layer 2.
  • the dimensions and materials of the heated fluid given in the above- described embodiment are given by way of example only.
  • the layers forming the heated fluid line may be of any suitable thickness, and any suitable material.
  • the heated fluid line may be any suitable length.
  • one or more of the electric wires 3, 4 may be provided with a covering comprising material having a negative temperature coefficient (NTC).
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • the NTC covering may serve as a cold start limiter .which acts to limit the power dissipated by the heating cable when it is at low temperatures.
  • the material for the cold start limiter may be chosen such that the resistance of the negative temperature coefficient material increases substantially when it is below a predetermined minimum temperature.
  • the minimum temperature may correspond to the lowest normal operating temperature of the heated fluid line. This limits the current flowing through the cold start limiter when the temperature is at or below the minimum temperature. This is desirable, since without the cold start limiter the resistance of the PTC polymeric layer 2 will be very low at very low temperatures. This could result in dangerously high current being supplied to the PTC polymeric layer 2 when the heated fluid line is in a low temperature environment (for example when the heater is switched on).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

A heated fluid line, characterized by at least one inner layer forming a tube through which a fluid may flow, a middle layer of electro conductive polymer with a positive temperature characteristic of electrical resistance and electric wires embedded therein, and an outer layer of an insulating material.

Description

Heated Fluid Line
The invention concerns an electric heatable fluid line with heating by an electro conductive polymer which has positive temperature characteristics of electric resistance.
It is known to heat a fluid line with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating band, which is fixed to the fluid line on the outside such that a good thermal contact is given. Heating bands which have two connecting wires embedded in a matrix of PTC-polymer are especially preferred.
Because of the matrix of PTC-material, which leads the current from one connecting wire to the other, overheating can be ruled out; that is the heating wire can be used without further thermal fuse. Furthermore heating bands are known where a resistance wire is wound around the two connecting wires, thereby connecting the wires at regular intervals. Onto these so composed heating elements an insulating sheathing, preferably of a thermoplastic fluoric polymer as FEP, is extruded. In the state of the art, the insulating sheathing is furthermore covered by a wire netting as mechanical protection and as ground wire of the heating band. On top of this external sheathing a further insulating coating is extruded, preferably of a thermoplastic fluoric polymer. This so composed heating band is laid parallel to the fluid line or wound around the fluid line and secured to the fluid line in such a way that it conducts the heat well. Generally the band is secured to the fluid line by taping with insulating adhesive tape, preferably with a glass fibre fabric tape.
However this manner of heating fluid line is very complex. Furthermore this design is not suitable to heat very thin and flexible fluid lines as a bending of the fluid line cannot guarantee thermal contact between the band and the fluid line. Furthermore, thin fluid line tubes tend to lie against the heating bands in lines which lead to a bad heat transfer and to hotspots. Especially with thin fluid lines, the heating band needs more space than the fluid line itself.
Thus, it is required to produce a heated fluid line which is inherently safe and therefore particularly suitable to heat temperature sensitive media, and which is also suitable to heat flexible and thin fluid lines.
i According to the invention there is provided a heated fluid line, characterized by at least one inner layer, forming a tube through which a fluid may flow, a middle layer of electro conductive polymer with a positive temperature characteristic of electrical resistance and electric wires embedded therein, and an outer layer of an insulating material.
The inner layer of the heated fluid line may be a flexible tube of plastic, preferably thermoplastic, through which the fluid flows. Also possible would be an elastomer. Because of the contact with the fluid the tube needs to be resistant against the fluid. When using the heated fluid line in vehicles or aircrafts a resistance against fuel, oil, coolant etc. is required. A preferred application is the use of the present invention for the heating of tubes for urea solutions. Such a use requires the tube to be resistant to urea and ammonia and their solutions like "Ad Blue". This applies to many thermoplastics, i.e. IXEF, PA, PTFE, PEEK, PPS and PVDF, but also elastomers, i.e. BR, NR and EPDM, which would be suitable for the inner layer.
A preferred material for the inner layer is polyamide, and particularly preferred is an aliphatic polyamide, most particularly PA 12, of which the number of carbon atoms between the nitrogen atoms in the polymer chain counts 12 links. Favourably the inner layer is extruded as a tube.
A PTC polymeric layer, in which electrical wires are embedded, is provided on this inner layer. It will be appreciated that there may be some layers between the inner layer and the PTC polymeric layer, which could be provided as a diffusion barrier.
The electric wires can have the shape of a one-core or multi-core wire, but could also be formed like a band.
Preferably the PTC polymeric layer is also extruded, and the electric wires are carried along and included in the extruding process.
At least one outer layer is sprayed onto the PTC polymeric layer which serves as thermal and electrical insulation. If the outer layer consists of several layers, the thermal and electrical insulation can be taken over by different layers. At least the layer serving for the thermal insulation consists preferably of a temperature resistant, foamed plastic, e.g. Polyethylene or Silicone, which favourably combines good thermal insulation with high flexibility and little weight, and additionally is extrusionable.
So favourably a heated fluid line is created, which is very flexible, compact and space-saving. The heated fluid line is also reliable and durable. Good heat transfer between the PTC polymeric layer is ensured as there is a large contact area between the inner tube and the PTC layer, since there is tight contact between the PTC polymeric layer and the inner tube.
Thin tubes can be heated reliably according to the present invention. Since the electric wires are carried along the fluid line, a parallel connection of the PTC resistance over the whole length of the wires is provided. If there are air pockets in the fluid to be heated, the PTC polymer regulates the current at this spot. Due to the missing heat transfer to the fluid at the location of the air pocket, the temperature of the PTC polymeric layer in the region of the air pocket will rise. As the temperature of the region of the PTC polymeric layer rises, so does its electrical resistance, causing a reduction in the current flow through the region of the PTC polymeric layer, i.e. the PTC polymeric layer is self-regulating. Therefore, the air pockets are accounted for without overheating the medium locally and/or affecting the rest of the heating of the fluid.
Furthermore, preferably the fluid line can be cut to any length and provided with connections, since the electric wires are carried along the whole line. Also these onesided connections are preferred to a two-sided connection, which are needed for heating wires, as they are easier to complete.
An embodiment of a heated fluid line according to the present invention is shown by way of example in Fig. 1.The inner layer 1 is a plastic layer formed as a tube, through which a fluid can flow. In this case the fluid is a urea solution like "Ad Blue". The inner diameter of the tube is 2 mm, the outer diameter 4 mm. The material of the inner layer is ammonia-resistant PA 12. The inner layer 1 is coated by a PTC polymeric layer 2, which has the electric wires 3,4 embedded therein. The PTC polymeric layer 2 consists of a thermoplastic polymer which is provided with electro-conductive particles and thus the layer is electro-conductive. The PTC polymeric layer 2 is extruded on the inner layer 1. The PTC polymeric layer 2 forms a tube around the inner layer 1 (in other words the PTC polymeric layer extends fully around the circumference of the inner layer).
The PTC polymeric layer 2 is coated by an insulation layer 5 which is the outer sheathing and serves both as thermal and electrical insulation. The outer diameter of the insulation layer in this example is 10 mm. The outer layer 5 is extruded on the PTC polymeric layer 2.
It will be appreciated by the skilled person that the above embodiment has been given by way of example only, and that various modications may be made to the embodiment without detracting from the invention as defined by the claims, which follow.
For example, the dimensions and materials of the heated fluid given in the above- described embodiment are given by way of example only. The layers forming the heated fluid line may be of any suitable thickness, and any suitable material. The heated fluid line may be any suitable length.
For instance, one or more of the electric wires 3, 4 may be provided with a covering comprising material having a negative temperature coefficient (NTC). The NTC covering may serve as a cold start limiter .which acts to limit the power dissipated by the heating cable when it is at low temperatures.
The material for the cold start limiter may be chosen such that the resistance of the negative temperature coefficient material increases substantially when it is below a predetermined minimum temperature. The minimum temperature may correspond to the lowest normal operating temperature of the heated fluid line. This limits the current flowing through the cold start limiter when the temperature is at or below the minimum temperature. This is desirable, since without the cold start limiter the resistance of the PTC polymeric layer 2 will be very low at very low temperatures. This could result in dangerously high current being supplied to the PTC polymeric layer 2 when the heated fluid line is in a low temperature environment (for example when the heater is switched on).

Claims

Claims:
1. A heated fluid line, characterized by
- at least one inner layer, forming a tube through which a fluid may flow;
a middle layer of electro conductive polymer with a positive temperature characteristic of electrical resistance and electric wires embedded therein; and
an outer layer of an insulating material.
2. A heated fluid line according to claim 1 , characterized by an inner layer consisting of a thermoplastic.
3. A heated fluid line according to claim 1, characterized by an inner layer consisting of a Polyamide, particularly an aliphatic Polyamide as PA 12.
4. A heated fluid line according to at least one of the claims 1-3, characterized by an inner layer consisting of several sub-layers.
5. A heated fluid line according to claim 4, characterized by a sub-layer consisting of Polyamide, particularly PA 12.
6. A heated fluid line according to claim 1 , characterized by the electro conductive polymer with positive temperature characteristic of electric resistance consisting of thermoplastic material.
7. A heated fluid line according to claim 6, characterized by the positive temperature coefficient polymer consisting of a mixture of thermoplastic polymer and added particles, the added particles being from a group comprising: carbon black, graphite and metal powder.
8. A heated fluid line according to claim 1 , characterized by the embedded electric wires being parallel to the fluid line.
9. A heated fluid line according to claim 1, characterized by the outer layer consisting of a foamed material.
10. A heated fluid line according to claim 1 or 9, characterized by the outer layer consisting of a polyethylene or silicone.
11. A heated fluid line according to at least one of claims 1 , 9 or 10, characterized by the outer layer consisting of several sub-layers.
12. A heated fluid line according to claim 11 , characterized by at least one outer sublayer consisting of a foamed material.
13. A heated fluid line according to claim 11 , characterized by at least one outer sublayer consisting of polyethylene or silicone.
14. A heated fluid line according to at least one above mentioned claim, characterized by an inner diameter of the inner layer of 0,5 - 4 mm, particularly 1 - 3 mm.
15. A heated fluid line according to at least one above mentioned claim, characterized by at least one of the embedded electric wires being provided with a covering comprising a material having a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
16. Application of a heated fluid line according to at least one of claims 1 - 15 for the heating of fluid lines in a vehicle or aircraft.
17. Application of a heated fluid line according to at least one of claims 1 - 15 for the heating of a urea solution fluid line.
18. Process for the production of a heated fluid line according to at least one of claims 1 - 14, characterized by the inner layer(s) being produced by extrusion.
19. Process for the production of a heated fluid line according to at least one of claims 1 - 14, characterized by the PTC polymeric layer being extruded onto the inner layer(s) while embedding the electric wires.
20. Process for the production of a heated fluid line according to at least one of claims 1 - 14, characterized by the outer layer(s) being extruded onto the PTC polymeric layer.
PCT/GB2006/001015 2005-03-18 2006-03-20 Heated fluid line WO2006097765A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202005004602.7 2005-03-18
DE200520004602 DE202005004602U1 (en) 2005-03-18 2005-03-18 Heated pipe for liquids comprises an plastic inner hose, a middle layer of an electrically conductive polymer with embedded wires, and an outer insulating layer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006097765A1 true WO2006097765A1 (en) 2006-09-21

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DE (1) DE202005004602U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006097765A1 (en)

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