WO2006097144A1 - Appareil et procede de production et de traitement d'un train de donnees d'image - Google Patents

Appareil et procede de production et de traitement d'un train de donnees d'image Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006097144A1
WO2006097144A1 PCT/EP2005/013364 EP2005013364W WO2006097144A1 WO 2006097144 A1 WO2006097144 A1 WO 2006097144A1 EP 2005013364 W EP2005013364 W EP 2005013364W WO 2006097144 A1 WO2006097144 A1 WO 2006097144A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
picture
resolution
resizing
information
data
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/013364
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English (en)
Inventor
Juha Laaksonheimo
Original Assignee
Nero Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP05005594A external-priority patent/EP1703734A1/fr
Priority claimed from US11/080,616 external-priority patent/US20070009024A1/en
Application filed by Nero Ag filed Critical Nero Ag
Priority to JP2008501171A priority Critical patent/JP2008533885A/ja
Publication of WO2006097144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006097144A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/59—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/154—Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/172—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/40—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of video encoding/decoding and, in particular, suitable for scalable video coding schemes.
  • Video sequences consisting of several subsequent frames or "single-pictures", or, alternatively, one or more still pictures can be acquired with any desired resolution and accuracy.
  • the resolution and accuracy for acquiring a picture is determined by, for example, a digital camera, a camcorder, or computer equipment for generating virtual scenes.
  • the resolution is defined by the number of pixels of a picture.
  • the picture has a high number of pixels, it has a high resolution and, accordingly, a large size, when the area occupied by a pixel on a display screen is set to a certain value.
  • the accuracy of a picture or, particularly, the accuracy of a pixel is defined by the number of bits required to encode this pixel. Generally, a high number of bits per pixel results in a higher accuracy for the pixel, or in a higher number of values represent- able by the pixels.
  • providing one bit per pixel means, when no compression algorithm is used that the pixel can only be white or black. It is clear that providing for example 3 bits per pixel enhances the accuracy of this pixel and, therefore, the picture quality, since the pixel can, for example, have one of 8 different grey values or colour values. Generally, the pixel accuracy or the total bit per pixel value is determined by a quantizer in the picture encoder.
  • a picture or video en- coder/decoder scheme can be based on MPEG 4 or H.264/AVC.
  • picture encoding/decoding schemes are also known in the context of JPEG. All these encoders have in common that the picture or a sequence of pictures are compressed to reduce redundancy in the picture file. A good way to do this is the application of motion-compensated prediction, which is known in the art.
  • most encoding schemes also rely on a lossy compression scheme, which is, in general, a quantization of - in the context of MPEG-4 - block-based DCT coefficients.
  • a large quantizer step size results in lower quantized values, which can be represented by a smaller number of bits compared to quantized values obtained by a small quantizer step size.
  • Such a small quantizer step size results in a higher range of quantized values so that a higher number of bits are required for representing them.
  • a subsequent entropy encoding of quantized values when used, one can state in general that smaller values result in a higher coding gain compared to higher values.
  • FIG. 3 A ⁇ large picture 30 having a high accuracy is shown. It has been determined that, instead of the most advanced picture encoding algorithms, the output bit rate of picture 30 is too high so that a transmission of the picture 30 over a certain bandwidth-limited channel is not possible.
  • the first possibility to reduce the number of bits required to encode the picture 30 is shown at the left hand side of Fig. 3 at picture 31. Picture 31 is different from picture 30 in that it has a lower resolution, i.e., a lower number of bits resulting in a picture having a smaller size as shown in Fig. 3. Nevertheless, in the Fig. 3 example, the number of bits per pixel in picture 31 has not been changed with respect to picture 30.
  • Picture 32 has the same number of pixels as picture 30, resulting in that picture 32 is equally sized to picture 30. To reduce the number of bits required for representing the picture, the accuracy, i.e., the bits per pixel have been reduced in picture 32.
  • decimation filters For reducing the resolution to obtain picture 31, one can use more or less sophisticated decimation filters such as filters combining two adjacent pixels in a row or in a column so that the resulting picture 31 is smaller than the original picture 30.
  • Pictures 31 and 32 both have a certain subjective quality. When one looks at picture 31, one will see the very high pixel accuracy. However, the subjective impression is affected by the small size of picture 31. When one, however, looks at picture 32, one will be satisfied with the large size of this picture. Nevertheless, the reduced accuracy of the bits will forbid a fully satisfying subjective impression. Naturally, all combinations of the two general possibilities shown in Fig. 3 are possible. One can reduce the resolution and one can reduce the accuracy, i.e., the number of bits per pixel to obtain a target bit rate.
  • a transcoder whose input is connected to a high bandwidth transmission channel, and whose output is connected to a low bandwidth transmission channel.
  • the transcoder has to do something with the picture or the sequence of pictures to fulfil the low bandwidth requirements of the low bandwidth channel.
  • the replay display is not small enough that a decimation from the size of picture 30 to the size of picture 31 will result in the required low number of bits per picture.
  • a resolution reduction to a target resolution has to be performed, which is normally smaller than the size of the intended replay device.
  • this procedure is disadvantageous in that sometimes pictures become too small so that the very smallness of the picture dominates - and destroys - the subjective picture quality, which impression can not be compensated for by a high pixel accuracy.
  • an apparatus for producing a data stream in accordance with claim 1 an apparatus for processing a data stream in accordance with claim 8, a method of producing a data stream in accordance with claim 12, a method of processing a data stream in accordance with claim 13, a computer program in accordance with claim 14, a data " stream in accordance with claim 15, or a storage device in accordance with claim 17.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that the subjective quality of the displayed picture can be enhanced by resizing the picture by a certain degree on the de- coder/display side of the encoding/decoding scheme.
  • resizing does not mean a simple zoom operation, which does not influence the resolution of this picture but only influences the area, a certain pixel occupies on a display screen. Instead, the resizing operation results in a higher resolution of the displayed picture or the sequence of displayed pictures.
  • the pixels not included in the transmitted picture but included in the displayed picture are calculated before displaying the picture using information transmitted from an encoder to the decoder and, in particular, are derived from the transmitted pixels for example by interpolation.
  • resizing for example by interpolation can not be performed by an unlimited degree.
  • the subjective quality of a picture is only better than the subjective quality of the non-resized picture within a certain resizing range.
  • the resizing range or, stated in other words, the amount of resizing giving an optimum subjective quality depends on a high number of different factors. These factors include the picture itself, the pixel accuracy of the low resolution picture, encoding algorithms used for encoding the low resolution picture and characteristics of the display device intended to display the resized picture. In view of this, the complicated interdependence between the above example factors makes it impossible to prescribe or predefine a certain resizing amount valid for all combinations of picture data resolution/accuracy and transmission/display settings.
  • resizing information is supplied, which is preferably generated by the user producing the data stream.
  • the user or generator of the data stream having the reduced picture resolution can eas- ily determine the optimum resizing information by, for example, performing some empirical tests. Although it might look as a heavy burden at a first glance, the determination of the optimum resizing parameter only has to be performed once for a similar picture material and similar en- coder/decoder/display settings.
  • the inventive supply of the resizing information in addition to the encoded picture data helps to avoid any surprising subjective quality degradations incurred by a resizing operation, which increases the resolution too much.
  • Such a situation can occur, when a display device is set to interpolate each incoming picture irrespective of the resolution of the incoming picture to the resolution of the display device so that a full-size video reproduction is obtained.
  • Such a situation is especially disadvantageous, because the viewer does not appreciate the high size, but is annoyed by a quite shady picture showing too much interpolation artefacts.
  • the inventive picture data adaptive signalling of the resizing information reduces situations, which can occur, when the decoder operates too conservative. A straightforward procedure would be to do no resize at all. It is, however, clear that subjective quality enhancement possibilities are completely given away. This situation also occurs, when a default resizing degree of, for example 5 %, is fixed in a display device. In this case, the user can see a slight improvement but will not profit from the full quality, which would have been possible and which is signalled in accordance with the present invention.
  • the only price to be paid for the optimum subjective quality obtained by the present invention is, on the encoder- side, the supply of the resizing information and, on the decoder-side an interpolator controllable by the resizing information. Additionally, the resizing information has to be transmitted. Since this information can be transmitted with a very low number of bits such as three bits for signalling eight percentage ratios between an increase of 0 % to 100 %, the additional need of channel capacity can be neglected. Additionally, any encoder-related efforts do not matter, since transmission efficiency and subjective display quality are the issues that count in a highly competitive market. Regarding the additional interpolator in the display device, it is to be noted here that display devices or decoder devices that do not have such interpolators, can easily be upgraded. For other display devices/decoders, no additional effort is caused by such an additional interpolator, since these devices already include such a device operating under a predetermined non-adaptive or user- initiated setting.
  • Fig. 1 shows an overview over a data processing scheme including the apparatus for producing a data stream on the encoder-side and the apparatus for processing a data stream on the decoder-side;
  • Fig. 2a a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for producing on the encoder-side
  • Fig. 2b a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for processing on the decoder-side
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation for reducing the bit rate for transmitting one or more pictures over a transmission channel having a limited bandwidth
  • Fig. 4 a schematic representation of subjective quality versus resizing degree.
  • the system in Fig. 1 includes, on the encoder-side, a provider 10 for providing encoded picture data.
  • a picture represented by the encoded picture data has a picture resolution defined by a number of pixels included in the picture.
  • the picture in the picture resolution generated by the picture provider 10 can be, for example, picture 31 of Fig. 3.
  • the apparatus for producing a data stream having encoded picture data representing a single picture or a plurality of pictures also includes a resizing information supplier 11.
  • the resizing information supplier 11 is operative to supply resizing information.
  • the resizing information define a resizing resolution of the picture, when replaying the picture, wherein the resizing resolution is higher than the picture resolu- tion.
  • the resizing information and the encoded picture data are input -into a data stream formatter 12.
  • the device 12 forms a data stream and transmits the data stream via a transmission channel 13 to a data stream parser 14.
  • the data stream parser 14 works as a receiver for receiving the data stream and the resizing information.
  • the resizing information does not necessarily have to be transmitted together with the encoded picture data within a single data stream. Instead, the resulting information can also be transmitted via a separate transmission channel. Such an embodiment is preferable in cases, in which the transmission format of a data stream cannot be changed. Then, the resulting information can, for example, be transmitted via an additional data packet over the same transmission channel or via a completely separate transmission channel. In this case, the resulting information preferably includes an identification of the encoded picture data so that the decoder-side apparatus can allocate the correct resizing information to a certain data stream having encoded picture data.
  • the apparatus for processing the data stream on the decoder-side further includes a resizer 16 for resizing a picture in response to resizing information supplied by the receiver 14.
  • the resizer 16 outputs a resized picture based on the picture having the picture resolution. In contrast to the picture having the picture resolution included in the data stream, the resized picture has a higher number of pixels than the number of pixels of the corresponding picture in the data stream transmitted via channel 13.
  • the picture data generated by the resizer can then be input into a display device 17 to give a user of the display maximum subjective quality video.
  • the apparatus for processing including element 14 and 16 does not necessarily have to be included within the display 17 such as a monitor or a television set.
  • the resizer can be a software-plug-in for a general purpose processor or an application program for application-specific processors which are, for example, located on a graphics board of a display drive device.
  • Fig. 2a shows a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for producing on the encoder-side of Fig. 1.
  • the device in Fig. 2a is operative to work as a transcoder receiving encoded picture data having a first resolution. These encoded picture data having the first resolution are input into a transcoder having a (partial) decoder 18a, a decimator 18b, and a (partial) encoder 18c.
  • the transcoder outputs encoded picture data being in a second resolution, which is similar to a target resolution provided as an input to the decima- tor 18b.
  • the resizing information supplier 11 is implemented in the Fig. 2a embodiment as an input device having an user input to receive the resizing information.
  • the input device 11 also in- eludes an auxiliary input.
  • This input is operative to receive estimated resizing information adaptively derived by certain determination rules from the encoded picture data in the second resolution or the first resolution.
  • the main factors are a target resolution or, preferably, target resolution (second resolution) , source resolution (first resolution) and pixel accuracy.
  • target resolution second resolution
  • source resolution first resolution
  • pixel accuracy a quite good estimation value for the resizing operation can be automatically generated and input via the auxiliary input to the resizing information supplier 11.
  • the resizing information is such that it re- suits, when controlling the resizer 16 (Fig.
  • the resizing information is such that the maximum resizing degree is 100 % and, preferably, 75 %. It has been found out that for most cases a resizing of a picture by more than 75 % will result in a subjective quality degradation not tolerable any more.
  • the data stream formatter 12 is implemented as a transmitter when a streaming mode is set.
  • the resizing information is transmitted ahead of the encoded picture data.
  • the data stream formatter 12 is operative to write a video file into a storage device. In this case, it is preferred to write the resizing information together with the encoded video data into a single file.
  • Fig. 2a describes a transcoder device for transcoding encoded picture data from a first resolution into a second resolution, which is smaller than the first resolution.
  • the encoded picture data do not have to be fully decoded for performing decimation by the decimator. Instead, a decimation can also be performed in the DCT domain of a transform-based video coding algorithm.
  • the partial de- coder 18a performs all decoding steps necessary, to arrive in the DCT domain, but does not perform a final transform.
  • the partial encoder 18c also does not haye to perform the initial transform but can start its encoding operations based on the (decimated) DCT coefficients.
  • Fig. 2b illustrates a preferred embodiment of an inventive apparatus for processing a data stream having encoded data and resizing information.
  • the encoded data are input into a decoder 19.
  • the decoded picture data which are in the picture resolution are input into the resizer 16, which preferably includes an interpolator.
  • the interpolator receives, as a further input, the resizing information for performing an interpolator control.
  • the resizing information define the resolution at the output of the interpolator 16 in absolute terms or in relative terms with respect to the picture resolution of a picture input into the interpolator.
  • the interpolator output can then be displayed on a display device 18.
  • Fig. 2b shows the situation of a complete decoding operation before interpolating, it is clear that, depending on certain coding algorithms, the interpolation can be performed on other data than final pixel data.
  • Such "other data” can, for example, be DCT coefficients for any other intermediate values in a decoder.
  • Fig. 4 showing a schematic diagram interrelating the subjective quality and the resizing degree, which is preferably a degree of interpolation of the interpolator 16 of Fig. 2b.
  • the subjective picture quality de- pends on the display resolution, i.e., the size of the displayed picture, and on the introduced interpolation distortion.
  • an interpolator calculates a value between two actually given values based on a certain interpolation rule.
  • the difference between the interpolated value and the pixel value, which was originally there in a high resolution source pixel is defined as the interpolation distortion.
  • the resizing degree When the resizing degree is increased over the resizing value, then the optimum quality decreases and reaches the original subjective quality at a certain value corresponding to a resizing value, which should be the maximum resizing value.
  • the resizing degree When the resizing degree is increased over the maximum resizing value, the whole interpolation was not worth doing, since the result is worse than the initial (small) picture without any additional processing. In view of this, it is preferred to select the resizing value as a value smaller than the maximum resizing value.
  • the preferred resizing value resulting in the maximum of the subjective quality is determined and entered, as an additional information, into the data stream having the encoded data.
  • the resizing information is not signalled separately from the encoded picture data, reserved fields provided in each standardized transmission format, which are reserved for "future ..application” can be used for entering the resizing information indicating the degree of resizing intended by the user.
  • the resizing information or "virtual size" information is added to the video information so that a player uses such virtual size as the preferred playback resolution size for the file or stream coming from a streaming server. So it is the choice of the creator of the stream/file to define the best virtual size, for example based on the Fig. 4 diagram.
  • the present invention is especially suitable for not doing playback in full screen.
  • the inventive device allows to scale the displayed picture to a pre-defined .higher resolution instead of an original small or "stamp-sized" image.
  • a predefined virtual size gives an impression of a better quality video.
  • the inventive transmission of the virtual size therefore, also obviates the need to adjust a replay size from the player itself, since the player is automatically adjusted by the transmitted resizing information.
  • a preferred application of the invention is in a browser plug-in like http://trailers.divx.com/plugin/index.html.
  • the author can encode the video with a desired virtual size, and the player plug-in would automatically scale it to the resolution the author of the stream intended.
  • the inventive methods can be implemented in hardware or in software.
  • the implementation can be per- formed using a digital storage medium, in particular a disk, DVD or a CD having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate with a programmable computer system such that the inventive methods are performed.
  • the present invention is, therefore, a computer program product with a program code stored on a machine readable carrier, the program code being operative for performing the inventive methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
  • the inven- tive methods are, therefore, a computer program having a program code for performing at least one of the inventive methods when the computer program runs on a computer.

Abstract

Selon l'invention, des données de format virtuel sont associées à des données d'image codées lorsque ces dernières sont produites, par exemple par un transcodeur. Les données de format virtuel (15) sont utilisées pour remettre au format (16) une image ou une vidéo comprenant une suite d'images afin d'améliorer la qualité subjective des données présentées. Les données de format virtuel sont générées sur le côté encodeur et transmises au côté décodeur et utilisées par le dispositif de remise au format (16) pour remettre au format, dans une certaine mesure, les données transmises, ce qui donne comme résultat une qualité subjective optimale déterminée par un compromis entre artéfacts d'interpolation et format de l'image.
PCT/EP2005/013364 2005-03-15 2005-12-13 Appareil et procede de production et de traitement d'un train de donnees d'image WO2006097144A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008501171A JP2008533885A (ja) 2005-03-15 2005-12-13 画像データストリームを生成するための装置および方法ならびに画像データストリームを処理するための装置および方法

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EP05005594.6 2005-03-15
EP05005594A EP1703734A1 (fr) 2005-03-15 2005-03-15 Appareil et procédé pour la génération et le traitement d'un flux de données d'image
US11/080,616 2005-03-15
US11/080,616 US20070009024A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2005-03-15 Apparatus and method for producing a picture data stream and for processing a picture data stream

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