WO2006097053A1 - Procede et equipement relatifs aux dechets urbains - Google Patents

Procede et equipement relatifs aux dechets urbains Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006097053A1
WO2006097053A1 PCT/CN2006/000434 CN2006000434W WO2006097053A1 WO 2006097053 A1 WO2006097053 A1 WO 2006097053A1 CN 2006000434 W CN2006000434 W CN 2006000434W WO 2006097053 A1 WO2006097053 A1 WO 2006097053A1
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Prior art keywords
kiln
zone
brick
flue
chimney
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PCT/CN2006/000434
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fuxuan Chen
Original Assignee
Fuxuan Chen
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CNA2006100034520A external-priority patent/CN101125336A/zh
Application filed by Fuxuan Chen filed Critical Fuxuan Chen
Publication of WO2006097053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006097053A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/60Separating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/301Dioxins; Furans

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and specifically relates to a treatment process and equipment for urban domestic garbage.
  • dioxin chemical compound The name of the dioxin chemical compound is called polychlorinated dibenzodioxin
  • PCDDs Polycholoro dibenzo p-dioxin PCDDs
  • PCDFs Polycholoro dibenzo furan
  • Dioxins are produced by incineration. There are roughly three kinds of formation mechanisms: one is high-temperature synthesis, that is, high-temperature gas phase formation, that is, combustion generation; the second is the residue of incompletely burned precursors (ie, the original matter). Ash, incineration slag; third, re-generation of residual carbon oxidation at low temperature (250-350). It is colorless crystal at room temperature, chemically stable, difficult to decompose; its toxicity is cyanide
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the present invention provides a process and a device for treating garbage through a brick and wheel kiln, in view of problems such as polluted environment, occupied land, complicated process, high cost, and the like existing in the current garbage disposal process. Can effectively solve the above problems.
  • the garbage disposal process of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the flue gas rises into the code blank flue in the dry zone and is blocked by the isolation plate at the end of the drying zone.
  • the fan under the partition plate introduces the flue gas guide in the code blank flue into the preheating zone, and is preheated.
  • Calcium adsorption solid phase reaction of wet adobe eliminates dioxin;
  • the flue gas entering the high chimney is firstly introduced into the lime pool at the bottom of the chimney for cleaning and purification, and then rises to the spray area in the lower layer of the chimney for spray cleaning, and finally rises to the louver area on the upper layer of the chimney.
  • the water is cooled and purified by water vapor and then discharged to the chimney.
  • the wet brick and the kiln arch in the kiln cavity of the brick and kiln used in the garbage treatment process of the present invention are stacked into a code blank flue; the exhaust flue is built in the two kiln chambers, and is separated from the code blank flue;
  • the kiln cavity is divided into four zones: a cooling zone, a roasting zone, a drying zone and a preheating zone by a partition plate; an underground air duct is built underground in the kiln cavity of the entire wheel kiln, and a fan is installed at the underground air duct under the partition plate;
  • the building is adjacent to the underground air duct at every other stage, and the wind grid is covered with a wind grid.
  • the bottom layer of the high chimney used in the waste treatment process of the present invention is a lime pool
  • the lower middle layer of the chimney is a spray zone in which a plurality of layers of nozzles are installed, and the upper layer of the chimney is provided with shutters.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the garbage treatment technology of the above process and equipment is adopted, and the garbage incineration and the brick roasting can be carried out in the wheel kiln at the same time, the garbage is strongly oxidized and decomposed, and there is no precursor residue, incineration fly ash poison. .
  • the flue gas undergoes multiple strong oxidative decompositions in the wheel kiln without residual carbon oxides, and the dioxins are completely eliminated. After the flue gas exits the wheel kiln, it enters the high chimney for three purification facilities.
  • the invention is environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and cost-effective.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the brick and tile kiln of the present invention together with a high chimney device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the high chimney of the present invention.
  • the flue gas generated during the roasting process of the tile of the present invention is concentrated on the code blank flue 3, and the code blank flue 3 is made of wet brick blank 4 yards.
  • a space of 400 to 500 mm is reserved between the uppermost layer of the wet brick 4 and the kiln arch 13 .
  • the exhaust gas flue 5 of the present invention is built into the two kiln chambers and is separated from the code blank flue 3.
  • the flue gas in the kiln cavity directly passes through the underground air outlet to the exhaust flue 5, and the flue gas of the present invention is concentrated in the code blank flue 3 and runs forward, and after repeated recycling, to the exhaust flue 5 .
  • the isolation groove 2 is preset in the kiln arch 1 3 of the rotary kiln 55, and the insulation plate 1 is placed in the isolation groove 2.
  • the material of the insulation plate 1 can be a combination of steel and asbestos board.
  • the function of the separator 1 is to separate the cooling zone 1 1 1 , the calcining zone 222, the drying zone 33 3, and the preheating zone 444.
  • the preheating zone 444 requires low temperature heat energy
  • the heat of the drying zone 33 3 passes through the fan 10 installed in the underground air duct 8 below the kiln cavity due to the blocking of the partitioning plate 1, and the damper 9 which can prevent the gas from flowing freely.
  • Function, through the wind grid slot 1 2 the wind grid plate 1 uniformly spreads to the preheating zone 444.
  • the wind grid slot 1 2 is perpendicular to the underground air duct 8 and evenly arranged at a certain distance, and the wind grid slot 1 2 is covered with a wind grid 1 1 . First dry the wet mud in the lower part of the kiln, then slowly dry it up.
  • the residual heat energy in the drying zone 33 3 is used to cool the preheating zone 444 to prevent the brick from drying too fast and cracking.
  • the separator effectively controls the firing temperature and residual heat of each section to stabilize Production, high yield and quality service.
  • the air duct 8 allows the heat energy of high temperature burning and high temperature residual heat to be concentrated or dispersed and used in the kiln cavity. It is no longer like the previous wheel kiln body embezzling and consuming a lot of heat energy, but the air duct and damper that are coordinated with each other under the kiln cavity.
  • the wind gate groove and the hole on the wind grid plate ensure the control and recycling of high temperature waste heat.
  • the tidal port '7 is built on the kiln wall at a certain height from the kiln cavity. Generally, it is at least 600mm away from the kiln cavity, so that even if the water vapor is concentrated, the wet slabs below the tidal outlet 7 are dried first, and the hard shell is solid; the wet slab on the tidal outlet 7 is only about 1 m high. Open the tidal gate 6, the water vapor enters the exhaust flue 3 through the venting port 7, which ensures that the drying zone and the preheating zone can smoothly and smoothly ventilate and not collapse.
  • the outer arch of the kiln arch 1 3 falls on the ground level.
  • the gentle kiln arch increases the cross-sectional area of the kiln cavity and distributes the heat energy.
  • the two inner and outer kiln are two verticals of the word "media”, supporting the kiln arch. This rock-solid kiln arch can solve the problem of easy collapse of the previous kiln.
  • the bottom of the high chimney 66 of the present invention is a lime pool.
  • the lower middle layer of the chimney is a spray area with several nozzles 15 installed, and the first floor of the chimney is equipped with blinds 16 .
  • the process of the garbage disposal of the present invention is as follows:
  • the flue gas flows forward through the code blank flue 3 in the upper space of the kiln cavity in a long distance, and the flue gas is burned by the lower brick at the high temperature and strong oxidative decomposition of 950-11'00 °C during operation. , burning.
  • This kind of flue gas itself has a high temperature of 950-1100 °C, and is again burned by the lower temperature of 950-1100 ,, and it is burned over a long distance operation, the shortest time is more than 3S; the longest > 10S, The average time is over 6S.
  • the flue gas in the cooling zone 111 passes through a longer line with a time > 16S.
  • the flue gas discharged from the wet slab during the drying process passes through the tidal discharge port. 7.
  • the exhaust gas flue 5, the exhaust pipe 17 enters the high chimney 66.
  • a lime pool 14 is arranged at the bottom of the chimney, and a harmful thing such as smoke and dust is introduced into the bottom of the lime pool by a fan, and in the process of taking up harmful gases such as smoke and dust, the multi-layer grid 2 1 disposed in the pool is divided and broken. Small bubbles pop out of the lime water.
  • the purification rate of sulfur, dust, fluorine and other harmful gases in the flue gas is more than 95%.
  • thousands of sprinklers 15 are installed in several layers.
  • the high-pressure pump sprays high-temperature lime water from the shower 1 5 through the lime water pipe 18 to fill the entire cavity.
  • the rainy high-temperature lime water falls down.
  • the smoke rises and rises due to the pumping force of the high chimney and the pressure of the fan.
  • the chemical reaction occurs when the lime water collides with the smoke and rubs, and the chemical reaction falls downward.
  • the gas is purified.
  • the purification rate is above 95%.
  • the surface of the lime water that just emerged was smashed, and the small gas mass of the flue gas was crushed.
  • the flue gas is slammed to be more refined, and its purification rate is at least 75%.
  • the water vapor or flue gas with louvered windows below 1, 6m is continuously raised through the louver holes.
  • deep well cold water is used.
  • the normal temperature water is used to rise and wash the spray shutters through the clean water pipe. Because of the function of the blinds, the clean water does not flow downward, and is concentrated and recycled by the down pipe 20 without secondary pollution. From the high-smoke chimney, it is normal-temperature steam, and there is no secondary pollution.
  • the purification rate is above 85 %. '

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

城市生活垃圾处理工艺及其设备
技术领域
本发明属于环境保护领域,具体涉及城市生活垃圾 的处理工艺及其设备。
背景技术
目前我国垃圾的处理方法以填埋、 堆放方式为主, 这种填埋、'堆放方式易产生二次污染, 造成地下水污染 又危及江河; 垃圾腐化释放大量有害气体污染空气; 并 且需占用大量土地。现在有的地区采用垃圾发电或垃圾 焚烧炉来处理垃圾。 这存在以下问题: 一是投资大, 动 辄数千万元上亿元的投入, 工艺繁杂; 二是垃圾含水量 大, 需要添加煤炭或重油助燃; 三是二恶英难于控制, 排放往往易于超标; 四是焚烧渣、 焚烧飞灰难以处理。 其中二恶英的控制一直是困扰环保专家的一大难题。
二 恶 英 化 学 名 称 叫 多 氯 二 苯 并 二 恶 英
(Polycholoro dibenzo p- dioxin PCDDs)和多氯二苯 并呋喃(Polycholoro dibenzo furan PCDFs) , 主要来 自多氯酚生产过程中的产物, 如占二恶英主体 80%含量 的含氯塑料、 无氯塑料通过焚烧就产生二恶英。 它们的 形成机制大致有 3种:一是高温合成,即高温气相生成, 也就是燃烧生成;二是不完全燃烧的前体物(即原体物) 的残留物"^一即危险物焚烧飞灰、 焚烧渣; 三是在低温 (250— 350)条件下残碳氧化的再次生成。室温下为无色 结晶体, 化学稳定性好, 很难分解; 其毒性为氰化物的
1
确 认 本 1000 倍; 在酸或碱中极其稳定, 在强氧化作用下易分 解并被燃烧掉。 在光和紫外线的作用下会缓慢分解; 易 被土壤吸收, 易造成大气污染; 易溶于脂肪, 容易在人 体内积聚发生病变是致癌物。 由此可见, 将产生占二恶 英主体 80%以上的塑料、 铜、 铁等物质先分拣出来, 剩 余的残留物再燃烧掉是解决该问题的一大手段。而砖瓦 轮窑和高烟囱是处理垃圾焚烧及焚烧过程当中所产生 烟气的可考虑釆用的设备。
但现育的轮窑如果直接用于焚烧垃圾会有如下几 个问题: 1、 髙温余热没有充分利用, 大量热能被轮窑 体侵吞消耗 , 能耗高; 2、 烟气排放不规范, 烟气白行 外溢流窜; 3、 排潮口与哈风口同为一体, 并且开设在 地下 , 给湿砖坯干燥排潮带来困难。
而现在轮窑焙烧砖瓦、焚烧垃圾所产生的烟气通过 高烟囱直接向天空排放, 造成大气污染, 带来严重的环 保问题。
发明内容 '
本发明需解决的技术问题是:针对现在垃圾处理过 程中存在的污染环境、 占用土地、 工艺复杂、 成本高等 方面的问题 ,本发明提供一种通过砖瓦轮窑来处理垃圾 的工艺及设备, 能有效解决上述问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案:本发明的垃圾处理工艺 包括下列步骤:
( 1 )、 垃圾中的塑料、 金属等进行分拣, 并将垃圾 置于砖瓦轮窑上面地平进行脱水干燥处理;
( 2 )、将干燥后的垃圾投入砖瓦轮窑的焙烧区进行充 分焚烧消除二恶英等有毒物,焚烧后的垃圾渣经过砖瓦 轮窑的冷却区冷却后出窑;
( 3 )、 出窑的垃圾渣经粉碎后与页岩混合制得湿砖 坯;
( 4 )、 将湿砖坯码于砖瓦轮窑的预热区进行预热; 尔 后进入干燥区进行干燥; 再进入焙烧区进行焙烧; 最后 在冷却区冷却后出窑得砖瓦成品;
( 5 )、在砖瓦轮窑焙烧区垃圾焚烧所产生的烟气上升 集中于码坯烟道,烟气在码坯烟道运行当中被下面砖瓦 焙烧所产生的高温再次强氧化分解、 燃烧消除二恶英;
( 6 )、 烟气在焙烧区的终端被隔离板挡住, 隔离板下 的风机将码坯烟道内的烟气导引入干燥区,第三次被干 燥区的高温余热氧化分解消除二恶英;
( 7 )、烟气在干燥区上升进入码坯烟道又被干燥区终 端的隔离板挡住,隔离板下的风机将码坯烟道内的烟气 导引入预热区,被预热区内湿砖坯的钙吸附固相反应消 除二恶英;,
( 8 )、湿砖坯在干燥过程中排释的烟气经排潮口进入 废气烟道再进入高烟囱;
( 9 )、进入高烟囱后的烟气先被导入烟囱底层的石灰 水池进行清洗净化,尔后上升至烟囪中下层的喷淋区进 行喷淋净化, 最后上升至烟囱上层的百叶窗区, 通过清 水对水蒸气进行冷却净化后再排出烟囱口。
用于本发明垃圾处理工艺的砖瓦轮窑的窑腔内的 湿砖坯与窑拱之间堆码成码坯烟道;废气烟道建于两窑 腔之中,与码坯烟道分立;窑腔被隔离板分隔为冷却区、 焙烧区、 干燥区、 预热区四个区域; 环整个轮窑的窑腔 地下建有地下风道, 在隔离板下的地下风道处安装风 机; 在与地下风道相互垂直的位置每隔一段建筑风栅 槽, 风栅槽上盖有风栅板。
用于本发明垃圾处理工艺的高烟囱的底层为石灰 水池, 该烟囱的中下层为安装有数层喷头的喷淋区, 该 烟囱的上层安装有百叶窗。
本发明的有益效果:采用了上述工艺和设备的垃圾 处理技术, 可让垃圾焚烧与砖瓦焙烧同时在轮窑内进 行, 垃圾被强氧化分解, 无前体残留物、 焚烧飞灰剧毒 物。 烟气在轮窑内经过多次强氧化分解无残碳氧化物, 二恶英完全消除。烟气排出轮窑后进入高烟囱内进行三 种净化设施处理。 本发明环保、 节能、 费省效宏。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明的砖瓦轮窑与高烟囱装置在一起的 示意图;
图 2 本发明高烟囱的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
请参见图 1, 本发明的砖瓦焙烧过程中所产生的烟 气上升集中于码坯烟道 3, 码坯烟道 3 是由湿砖坯 4码 入窑腔内,在湿砖坯 4的最上层与窑拱 1 3之间预留 400 一 500 mm的空间。 这即是码坯就有, 出窑就无的专供烟 气集中、 畅通的码坯烟道。 本发明的废气烟道 5建于两 窑腔之中, 与码坯烟道 3分立。 以往窑腔内的烟气是经 过地下哈风口直接通往废气烟道 5, 而本发明的烟气在 码坯烟道 3集中并往前运行,经过多次循环利用后再到 废气烟道 5。
在轮窑 55 的窑拱 1 3 内预设隔离槽 2, 隔离槽 2 内 放置隔离板 1, 隔离板 1 的材料可采用钢材和石棉板的 组合。 隔离板 1 的作用就是将冷却区 1 1 1、 焙烧区 222、 干燥区 33 3、 预热区 444分隔开。 在预热区 444需要低 温热能时, 因隔离板 1 的阻挡, 干燥区 33 3 的热能通过 窑腔下面的地下风道 8 内安装的风机 1 0, 以及可阻止 气体随意流动的风闸 9 的作用, 经风栅槽 1 2、 风栅板 1 1 向预热区 444均匀扩散。 风栅槽 1 2是与地下风道 8 相互垂直且按一定距离均匀布设, 风栅槽 1 2上盖有风 栅板 1 1。 先干燥窑腔下部的湿泥坯, 再徐徐往上干燥。
因有隔离板 1 的作用,用干燥区 33 3温度较低的剩 余热能, 对预热区 444低温排潮, 防止砖瓦干燥过快而 开裂。
如果没有隔离板 1 的阻挡,焙烧区所需高温氧以及 干燥区、 预热区所需的高温余热, 还有预热区外排的有 害烟气, 就长驱直入, 四处扩散, 无法控制。 因此隔离 板有效地控制了各区段的烧成温度和余热再利用,为稳 产、 高产优质服务。
风道 8 让高温灼热和高温余热的热能集中或分散 控制使用在窑腔内, 不再象以往轮窑体侵吞、 消耗大量 热能, 而是通过窑腔下相互协调配合的风道、 风闸、 风 栅槽、 风栅板上的孔, 有效保证了高温余热的控制和循 环利用。
排潮口 '7 建在距窑腔地平一定高度的窑墙上。一般 距窑腔地平至少 600mm, 这样即使水蒸气全部集中, 排 潮口 7 以下部位的湿砖坯都先已干燥, 硬壳坚实; 排潮 口 7 上的湿砖坯只有 l m左右高度。 打开排潮闸 6, 水 蒸气经排镩口 7进入废气烟道 3, 这样保证了干燥区、 预热区顺利畅通排潮, 不塌坯。
窑拱 1 3 的外侧拱脚是落在地平基础上, 该平缓型 的窑拱增大了窑腔横截面的面积并使热能均勾分布。且 两内外侧窑 呈 "介 " 字的两竖, 支撑着窑拱。 这种稳 如磐石的窑拱 构可以解决以往轮窑易垮塌这一问题。
请参见图 2 , 本发明的高烟囱 66 底层为石灰水池
1 4 , 该烟囱的中下层为安装有数层喷头 1 5 的喷淋区, 该烟囱的 1层安装有百叶窗 1 6。
本发明的垃圾处理的工艺过程如下:
1、 利用轮窑的大面积地平对垃圾进行干燥处理, 同 时将产生占二恶英主体 80 %以上的塑料、 铜铁等垃圾 分拣出来。 干燥的方式既有太阳光紫外线热频振动干 燥; 更有利用轮窑上面地平的传导干燥、 对流干燥和辐 射干燥等综合干燥过程。 垃圾经干燥处理后, 更有利于 焚烧。 ·
2、 垃圾投进轮窑的焙烧区 222进行充分焚烧, 同时 利用垃圾焚烧所产生的 950— 1100 °C高温焙烧砖瓦二 十几个小时, 垃圾被 100%燃烧透彻并烧成焦渣, 无前 体残留物,,无焚烧飞灰剧毒物, 二恶英在高温燃烧中被 强氧化分解。 垃圾焚烧渣经冷却出窑, 粉碎后与页岩混 合制得湿砖坯;
3、 将湿砖坯码于砖瓦轮窑的预热区进行预热; 尔后 进入干燥区进行干燥; 再进入焙烧区进行焙烧; 最后在 冷却区冷却后出窑得砖瓦成品;
4、 在焙烧区 222 中烟气通过长距离的窑腔上层空间 的码坯烟道 3往前运行,烟气在运行中被下面的砖瓦焙 烧 950- 11'00°C的高温强氧化分解、 燃烧。 这种烟气它 本 身 就 有 950-1100 °C 的 高 温 , 又 再 次 被 下 面 的 950- 1100 Ό高温燃烧, 而且是跨越长距离的运行中燃 烧, 时间最短的超过 3S; 最长的 > 10S, 平均时间超过 6S。 冷却区 111 的烟气所经过的线路更长, 时间 > 16S。 将烟气中只有 20%的二恶英的衍生物—— 残碳氧化物 处理得干干净净, 二恶英已完全达到 0排放的程度。 二 恶英处于 q排放的情况下, 烟气继续在朝前运行, 到干 燥区 333 时, 在 850Ό高温中再次被强氧化分解残碳氧 化物, 时间 > 4S。 如果烟气中再还有如 HC1 的残留物, 将被预热区 444 的湿砖坯中的钙吸附发生固相反应生 成 C aC l 2作最后封杀, 也就不必担心 250 - 350 °C危险温 度区中的二恶英低温合成的问题了。
5、 湿砖坯在干燥过程中排释的烟气经排潮口 7、 废 气烟道 5、 废气管 1 7进入高烟囱 66。 在烟囱的底部设 有石灰水池 14, 用风机将烟尘等有害物导入石灰水池 底部, 在烟尘等有害气体往上冒的过程中, 被设置在水 池内的多层网格 2 1 分化切割破碎, 细小的气泡冒出石 灰水面。 实践证明, 利用石灰水池清洗烟气中硫、 尘、 氟等有害^的净化率 95%以上。在高烟囱的中下部近 30 米高程中, 分若干层安装上千个喷淋器 1 5, 高压泵通 过石灰水管 1 8将高温石灰水从喷淋器 1 5 喷出,充斥整 个容腔。 细雨状高温石灰水往下飘落, 烟气因高烟囱的 抽力和风机压力往入升腾, 在石灰水与烟气相互碰撞、 磨擦中发生化学反应, 化学反应的生成物往下坠落, 烟 气得到净化。 净化率在 95%以上。 同时由于在烟囱中下 部喷淋的水滴往下落,砸击在刚好冒出来的石灰水的表 面, 将烟气小气团砸个粉碎。 烟气被砸击得更细化, 其 净化率至少在 75 %以上。 在 30m高的上层, 安装有百叶 窗 1 6, 30m 以下的水蒸气或烟气经百叶窗孔继续升腾。 夏天用深井冷水, 冬天用常温水经由清水管 19上升冲 洗喷淋百叶窗, 因有百叶窗的作用, 清水不往下窜流, 集中由下水管 20 回收循环使用, 无二次污染。 从高烟 囱口排放的是常温水蒸气, 无二次污染。 净化率在 85 % 以上。 '

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种城市生活垃圾处理工艺, 其特征在于它包括 下列步骤:,
( 1 )、 将垃圾中的塑料、 金属等进行分拣, 并将垃圾置 于砖瓦轮窑上面地平进行脱水干燥处理;
( 2 )、将干燥后的垃圾投入砖瓦轮窑的焙烧区进行充分 焚烧消除二恶英等有毒物,焚烧后的垃圾渣经过砖瓦轮 窑的冷却区冷却后出窑;
( 3 )、 出窑的垃圾渣经粉碎后与页岩混合制得湿砖坯;
( 4 )、 将湿砖坯码于砖瓦轮窑的预热区进行预热; 尔后 进入干燥区进行干燥; 再进入焙烧区进行焙烧; 最后在 冷却区冷却后出窑得砖瓦成品;
( 5 )、在砖瓦轮窑焙烧区垃圾焚烧所产生的烟气上升集 中于码坯烟道,烟气在码坯烟道运行当中被下面砖瓦焙 烧所产生的高温再次强氧化分解、 燃烧消除二恶英;
( 6 )、 烟气在焙烧区的终端被隔离板挡住, 隔离板下的 风机将码坯烟道内的烟气导引入干燥区,第三次被干燥 区的高温 热氧化分解消除二恶英;
( 7 )、烟气在干燥区上升进入码坯烟道又被干燥区终端 的隔离板挡住,隔离板下的风机将码坯烟道内的烟气导 引入预热区,被预热区内湿砖坯的钙吸附固相反应消除 二恶英;
( 8 )、湿砖坯在干燥过程中排释的烟气经排潮口进入废 气烟道再进入高烟囱; ( 9 )、进入高烟囱后的烟气先被导入烟囱底层的石灰水 池进行清洗净化,尔后上升至烟囱中下层的喷淋区进行 喷淋净化, 最后上升至烟囱上层的百叶窗区, 通过清水 对水蒸气进行冷却净化后再排出烟囱口。
2、 一种用于权利要求 1 所述垃圾处理工艺的砖瓦轮 窑设备,其'特征在于该砖瓦轮窑窑腔内的湿砖坯与窑拱 之间堆码成码坯烟道; 废气烟道建于两窑腔之中, 与码 坯烟道分立; 窑腔被隔离板分隔为冷却区、 焙烧区、 干 燥区、 预热区四个区域; 环整个轮窑的窑腔地下建有地 下风道, 在隔离板下的地下风道处安装风机; 在与地下 风道相互垂直的位置每隔一段建筑风栅槽,风栅槽上盖 有风栅板。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种砖瓦轮窑设备, 其特 征在于窑拱的外拱脚落在地平基础上。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种砖瓦轮窑设备, 其特 征在于排潮 1=1建在距窑腔地平一定高度的窑墙上。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种砖瓦轮窑设备, 其特 征在于隔离板放置于隔离槽内。
6、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种砖瓦轮窑设备, 其特 征在于地下风道内安装有阻止气体随意流动的风闸。
7、 一种'用于权利要求 1 所述垃圾处理工艺的高烟囱 设备, 其特征在于该烟囱的底层为石灰水池, 该烟囱的 中下层为安装有数层喷头的喷淋区,该烟囱的上层安装 有百叶窗。 ' 、 根据权利要求 7 所述的一种高烟囱设备, 其特征 石灰水池内设置有多层网格。
PCT/CN2006/000434 2005-03-18 2006-03-20 Procede et equipement relatifs aux dechets urbains WO2006097053A1 (fr)

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CNA2006100034520A CN101125336A (zh) 2006-02-09 2006-02-09 一种用城市生活垃圾烧砖瓦、制砖瓦二恶英零排放化生产新工艺

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190726189A (en) * 1907-11-26 1908-12-28 Alfred Meakin Ltd Improvements in Ovens and Kilns for Drying or Firing Ceramic Wares.
US4568272A (en) * 1983-08-11 1986-02-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Method of operating an open ring-type furnace
CN86207935U (zh) * 1986-10-18 1987-08-19 黄祖光 一种余热多次利用的砖瓦轮窑
CN1078223A (zh) * 1992-04-29 1993-11-10 刘承志 利用生活垃圾制砖
CN2362085Y (zh) * 1998-08-28 2000-02-02 胡中平 焙烧干燥一体轮窑
JP2001170444A (ja) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-26 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 湿式排煙脱硫装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190726189A (en) * 1907-11-26 1908-12-28 Alfred Meakin Ltd Improvements in Ovens and Kilns for Drying or Firing Ceramic Wares.
US4568272A (en) * 1983-08-11 1986-02-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Method of operating an open ring-type furnace
CN86207935U (zh) * 1986-10-18 1987-08-19 黄祖光 一种余热多次利用的砖瓦轮窑
CN1078223A (zh) * 1992-04-29 1993-11-10 刘承志 利用生活垃圾制砖
CN2362085Y (zh) * 1998-08-28 2000-02-02 胡中平 焙烧干燥一体轮窑
JP2001170444A (ja) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-26 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 湿式排煙脱硫装置

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