WO2006082457A1 - Procedure and operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles - Google Patents

Procedure and operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006082457A1
WO2006082457A1 PCT/HU2006/000013 HU2006000013W WO2006082457A1 WO 2006082457 A1 WO2006082457 A1 WO 2006082457A1 HU 2006000013 W HU2006000013 W HU 2006000013W WO 2006082457 A1 WO2006082457 A1 WO 2006082457A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rear wheel
frame
wheel
handlebars
attached
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU2006/000013
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Antal KÓCSÓ
Original Assignee
Kocso Antal
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kocso Antal filed Critical Kocso Antal
Publication of WO2006082457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006082457A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • B62M7/02—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with engine between front and rear wheels
    • B62M7/04—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with engine between front and rear wheels below the frame
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K11/00—Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels
    • B62K11/02—Frames
    • B62K11/04—Frames characterised by the engine being between front and rear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K19/00—Cycle frames
    • B62K19/30—Frame parts shaped to receive other cycle parts or accessories
    • B62K19/32—Steering heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K21/00—Steering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K21/00—Steering devices
    • B62K21/06—Bearings specially adapted for steering heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a procedure and operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles.
  • the solutions according to the invention can be used especially favourably in the case of motorcycles, first of all in the case of vehicles used for racing.
  • German publication document No. 4 318 954 describes a passive rear-wheel steering gear for motorcycles.
  • Japanese patent specification No. 3 200 494 relates to the simplification cf the special forced coupling between the operating mechanism of the steering and the rear wheel via an operating mechanism influencing the steering of the rear wheel.
  • American patent specification No. 4 650 024 also describes a mechanical structure for motorcycles influencing the steering of the rear wheel depending on the steering of the front wheel.
  • the common technical solution of the known solutions described above as examples is that they try to manoeuvre the rear wheel to a certain extent via relatively complicated structural elements and mechanisms.
  • the aim of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known solutions and realise a solution that is suitable for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles in a simple way.
  • the subject of the invention is a procedure for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, in the course of which a forced coupling is realised through the frame between the steered front wheel and the rear wheel.
  • the procedure is characterised by that the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the frame attached to the rear wheel, and in this way the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel is influenced, while the inclination angle of the rear wheel is also changed in proportion with the amount of turning of the steered front wheel.
  • the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the rear wheel attached to the frame by influencing the distance of the handlebars from the person steering the vehicle and influencing the wheelbase at the same time.
  • the subject of the invention is an operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, with a rear wheel and turnable handlebars attached to its frame and with a steered front wheel suspended on the handlebars.
  • the operating mechanism is based on the idea that an adjusting mechanism influencing the spatial position of the steering shaft is inserted between the frame and the steering shaft.
  • the adjusting mechanism has a carrying sleeve firmly attached to the frame carrying the lower and upper ball joints.
  • the lower and upper ball joints are carried by bearings situated in the lower and upper bearing housing.
  • the position of the lower and upper ball joints in the carrying sleeve, and the position of the lower and upper bearing housing is fixed in an adjustable way with respect to the shaft.
  • figure Ia shows the schematic side-view of the two-wheeled vehicle
  • figure Ib shows the overview of the manoeuvrability of the first and the rear wheel
  • figure 2 shows the rear view of the rear wheel and its possible inclination angles in accordance with the invention
  • figure 3 shows a favourable construction of the adjusting mechanism as in detail "A" of figure 1
  • figure 4 shows a part of the adjusting mechanism as in figure 3.
  • Figure Ia shows the operating mechanism according to the invention for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, with a rear wheel 2 attached to its frame 1.
  • Turnable handlebars 3 are also attached to the frame, and the front steered wheel 5 is suspended on the handlebars 3.
  • the operating mechanism is based on the idea that an adjusting mechanism 6 influencing the spatial position of the steering shaft 4 is inserted between the frame 1 and the shaft 4 of the handlebars 3.
  • the inclination angle of the rear wheel 2 with respect to the direction of turning can be influenced by the adjusting mechanism 6.
  • Figure Ib shows the schematic over-view of the manoeuvrability of the front wheel 5 and the rear wheel 2 in different positions.
  • the adjusting mechanism 6 in the course of turning - that is turning the handlebars 3 at 45° to the right, position ⁇ R or to the left, position ⁇ L - the rear wheel 2 turns only slightly in the direction of turning, position ⁇ RF or 5LF
  • the solution according to the invention - that is putting the shaft 4 of the handlebars 3 attached to the front wheel 5 in spatial position G - the original direction might change (it depends on the position of the lower and upper bearing housing 11, 12, see figure 3), position ⁇ RG or position ⁇ LG.
  • Figure 2 shows the possible tilting positions of the rear wheel 2, when in the case of turning at an angle of 90° point O symbolising the straight direction of the first wheel 5 moves to point OL or OR depending on whether it is turning to the left or to the right.
  • the changing of the inclination angles ocL, ⁇ L and ⁇ R, ⁇ K of the rear wheel 2 can be seen in figure 2.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a possible realisation of the adjusting mechanism 6 as shown in detail A of figure 1.
  • the adjusting mechanism 6 has carrying sleeves 9, 10 firmly attached to the frame 1 carrying the lower and upper ball joints 7, 8.
  • the lower and upper ball joints 7, 8 are carried by bearings 13, 14 placed in the lower and upper bearing housing 11, 12.
  • Figure 4 shows a possible realisation of the adjustability of the bearing housing 11, for example, provided with a groove 16 to support adjustability, in which there is a fixing bolt 17.
  • the solution according to the invention also stood the test ⁇ f being used in practice.
  • the solution according to the invention can be used especially favourably in the case of two- wheeled vehicles designed for special purposes, such as racing.
  • the use of the solution according to the invention makes it possible to turn round bends safely at a greater speed, in the course of which the behaviour of the rear wheel 2 can be influenced favourably as required while turning round bends.

Abstract

The invention relates to a procedure for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, in the course of which a forced coupling is realised through the frame between the steered front wheel and the rear wheel. The spatial position of the front-wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the frame attached to the rear wheel, and in thih way the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel is influenced, while the inclination angle of the rear wheel is also changed in proportion with the turning of the steered front wheel. The invention also relates to the operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, with a rear wheel and turnable handlebars attached to its frame and with a steered front wheel suspended on the handlebars, characterised by that an adjusting mechanism (6) influencing the spatial position of the shaft (4) of the handlebars (3) is inserted between the frame (1) and the shaft (4).

Description

PROCEDURE AND OPERATING MECHANISM FOR INCKEAbUNG IME STABILITY OF TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES
The invention relates to a procedure and operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles. The solutions according to the invention ,can be used especially favourably in the case of motorcycles, first of all in the case of vehicles used for racing.
It is known that during the use of various two-wheeled vehicles on a straight road the two wheels - the steered front wheel and the rear wheel - run along the same path suiting the travelling direction of the two-wheeled vehicle. The situation is different, when the two- wheeled vehicle turns round a bend.
In practice when turning round a bend with a two-wheeled vehicle, typically the user of the vehicle reduces the speed of the two-wheeled vehicle in order to turn round the bend safely.
The technique of turning round a bend represents a special problem for the user of the vehicle, and the solution of this problem must be practiced separately. It is especially true in cases when the two-wheeled vehicle is used for racing, as in the interest of achieving better results often the competitors want to change even the limits of the basic laws of physics. In order to do so different technical solutions have been elaborated in the interest of ensuring the safe manoeuvrability of two-wheeled vehicles and turning round bends safely at a greater speed than normal. For example, one of the known solutions in the case of racing motorbikes is that the wheelbase is adjusted via an excenter to suit the given track.
The technical solutions aimed at the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel of two-wheeled vehicles at a certain level can be treated separately. German publication document No. 4 318 954 describes a passive rear-wheel steering gear for motorcycles. Japanese patent specification No. 3 200 494 relates to the simplification cf the special forced coupling between the operating mechanism of the steering and the rear wheel via an operating mechanism influencing the steering of the rear wheel. American patent specification No. 4 650 024 also describes a mechanical structure for motorcycles influencing the steering of the rear wheel depending on the steering of the front wheel. The common technical solution of the known solutions described above as examples is that they try to manoeuvre the rear wheel to a certain extent via relatively complicated structural elements and mechanisms. So in each case a separate supplementary mechanism needs to be used to realise a satisfactory technical solution for the intended purpose. A common disadvantage of the known solutions is that they work with very specific individual solutions with a relatively complicated structure. These specific solutions are liable to fail and special skills are required for their maintenance.
The aim of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known solutions and realise a solution that is suitable for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles in a simple way.
During our experiments we realised that the known solutions are not suitable for reaching the set aim in a simple way and to an appropriate extent, because they try to solve the problem preserving the basic structure of the two-wheeled vehicle and introducing additional supplementary mechanisms. We realised that the solution of the problem lies in changing the basic structure of the two-wheeled vehicle.
During the last one hundred years two-wheeled vehicles, especially bicycles and motorcycles, went through significant changes. Examining these changes we realised that they are rather varied, but the traditional connection between the steering shaft and the frame has not changed at all. After examining this issue and by carrying out numerous experiments we realised that if in the traditional forced coupling existing between the steered front wheel and the rear wheel through the frame the spatial position of the front-wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the frame attached to the rear wheel, then the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel itself can also be influenced, and we also realised that with the help of an appropriate operating mechanism the inclination angle of the rear wheel can also be changed in proportion with turning the steered front wheel.
The subject of the invention is a procedure for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, in the course of which a forced coupling is realised through the frame between the steered front wheel and the rear wheel. The procedure is characterised by that the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the frame attached to the rear wheel, and in this way the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel is influenced, while the inclination angle of the rear wheel is also changed in proportion with the amount of turning of the steered front wheel.
Tn the case of a favourable realisation of the procedure the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the rear wheel attached to the frame by influencing the distance of the handlebars from the person steering the vehicle.
In the case of a further favourable realisation of the procedure the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the rear wheel attached to the frame by influencing the wheelbase.
In the case of a very practical realisation of the procedure the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the rear wheel attached to the frame by influencing the distance of the handlebars from the person steering the vehicle and influencing the wheelbase at the same time.
Furthermore, the subject of the invention is an operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, with a rear wheel and turnable handlebars attached to its frame and with a steered front wheel suspended on the handlebars. The operating mechanism is based on the idea that an adjusting mechanism influencing the spatial position of the steering shaft is inserted between the frame and the steering shaft.
In the case of a practical construction of the operating mechanism the adjusting mechanism has a carrying sleeve firmly attached to the frame carrying the lower and upper ball joints. The lower and upper ball joints are carried by bearings situated in the lower and upper bearing housing.
In the case of a further practical construction of the operating mechanism according to the invention the position of the lower and upper ball joints in the carrying sleeve, and the position of the lower and upper bearing housing is fixed in an adjustable way with respect to the shaft.
In the case of a favourable construction of the operating mechanism the carrying sleeves are connected to each other with direct or indirect reinforcement. A possible realisation of the operating mechanism according to the invention is described in detail on the basis of the attached drawings, where
- figure Ia shows the schematic side-view of the two-wheeled vehicle, figure Ib shows the overview of the manoeuvrability of the first and the rear wheel,
- figure 2 shows the rear view of the rear wheel and its possible inclination angles in accordance with the invention, figure 3 shows a favourable construction of the adjusting mechanism as in detail "A" of figure 1, figure 4 shows a part of the adjusting mechanism as in figure 3.
Figure Ia shows the operating mechanism according to the invention for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, with a rear wheel 2 attached to its frame 1. Turnable handlebars 3 are also attached to the frame, and the front steered wheel 5 is suspended on the handlebars 3. The operating mechanism is based on the idea that an adjusting mechanism 6 influencing the spatial position of the steering shaft 4 is inserted between the frame 1 and the shaft 4 of the handlebars 3. The inclination angle of the rear wheel 2 with respect to the direction of turning can be influenced by the adjusting mechanism 6. On the basis of the procedure according to the invention, if the spatial position of the shaft 4 of the handlebars 3 attached to the front wheel 5 is changed with respect to the frame 1 attached to the rear wheel 2, then the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel 2 can be influenced, and at the same time we are also able to change the inclination angle of the rear wheel 2 in proportion with the turning of the steered front wheel 5.
Figure Ib shows the schematic over-view of the manoeuvrability of the front wheel 5 and the rear wheel 2 in different positions. Without operating the adjusting mechanism 6, in the course of turning - that is turning the handlebars 3 at 45° to the right, position γR or to the left, position γL - the rear wheel 2 turns only slightly in the direction of turning, position δRF or 5LF However, when using the solution according to the invention - that is putting the shaft 4 of the handlebars 3 attached to the front wheel 5 in spatial position G - the original direction might change (it depends on the position of the lower and upper bearing housing 11, 12, see figure 3), position δRG or position δLG. In position F shown in figure Ia the handlebars 3 are in a straight position, witnout operating the adjusting mechanism 6, in the course of turning - that is turning the handlebars at 90° to the right or to the left - the rear wheel 2 leans only slightly in the direction of turning. However, when using the solution according to the invention — that is putting the shaft 4 of the handlebars 3 attached to the front wheel 5 in spatial position G - the original inclination angle a is changed to inclination angle β.
Figure 2 shows the possible tilting positions of the rear wheel 2, when in the case of turning at an angle of 90° point O symbolising the straight direction of the first wheel 5 moves to point OL or OR depending on whether it is turning to the left or to the right. The changing of the inclination angles ocL, βL and αR, βK of the rear wheel 2 can be seen in figure 2.
Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a possible realisation of the adjusting mechanism 6 as shown in detail A of figure 1. The adjusting mechanism 6 has carrying sleeves 9, 10 firmly attached to the frame 1 carrying the lower and upper ball joints 7, 8. The lower and upper ball joints 7, 8 are carried by bearings 13, 14 placed in the lower and upper bearing housing 11, 12.
According to figure 3 the position of the lower and upper ball joints 7, 8 in the carrying sleeves 9, 10, and the position X of the lower and upper bearing housing 11, 12 is fixed in an adjustable way with respect to the shaft 4. In accordance with the invention it is practical if the carrying sleeves 9, 10 are connected to each other with direct or indirect reinforcement 15 (see figure 1).
Figure 4 shows a possible realisation of the adjustability of the bearing housing 11, for example, provided with a groove 16 to support adjustability, in which there is a fixing bolt 17.
Consequently with the solution according to the invention the set aim was reached, in the course of which we interfered with the forced coupling existing between the steered front wheel 5 and the rear wheel 2 through the frame 1. In the course of this interference the spatial position of the shaft 4 of the handlebars 3 attached to the front wheel 5 is changed with respect to the frame 1 attached to the rear wheel 2, and by this on the one part the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel 2 is influenced, and also the inclination angle of the rear wheel 2 is changed in proportion with the turning of the steered front wheel 5.
The solution according to the invention also stood the test σf being used in practice. The solution according to the invention can be used especially favourably in the case of two- wheeled vehicles designed for special purposes, such as racing. The use of the solution according to the invention makes it possible to turn round bends safely at a greater speed, in the course of which the behaviour of the rear wheel 2 can be influenced favourably as required while turning round bends.

Claims

Claims
1. Procedure for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, in the course of which a forced coupling is realised through the frame between the steered front wheel and the rear wheel, characterised by that the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the frame attached to the rear wheel, and in this way the manoeuvrability of the rear wheel is influenced, while the inclination angle of the rear wheel is also changed in proportion with the turning of the steered front wheel.
2. Procedure as in claim 1, characterised by that the spatial position of the front-wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the rear wheel attached to the frame by influencing the distance of the handlebars from the person steering the vehicle.
3. Procedure as in claim 1, characterised by that the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the rear wheel attached to the frame by influencing the wheelbase.
4. Procedure as in claim 1, characterised by that the spatial position of the front- wheel steering shaft is changed with respect to the rear wheel attached to the frame by influencing the distance of the handlebars from the person steering the vehicle and influencing the wheelbase at the same time.
5. Operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles, with a rear wheel and turnable handlebars attached to its frame and with a steered front wheel suspended on the handlebars, characterised by that an adjusting mechanism (6) influencing the spatial position of the shaft (4) of the handlebars (3) is inserted between the frame (1) and the shaft (4).
6. Operating mechanism as in claim 5, characterised by that the adjusting mechanism (6) has carrying sleeves (9, 10) firmly attached to the frame (1) carrying the lower and upper ball joints (7,8), the lower and upper ball joints (7, 8) are carried by bearings (13, 14) situated in the lower and upper bearing housing (11, 12).
7. Operating mechanism as in claim 6, characterised by that the position of the lower and upper ball joints (7, 8) in the carrying sleeves (9, 10) and the position of the lower and upper bearing housing (11, 12) is fixed in an adjustable way with respect to the shaft (4).
8. Operating mechanism as in claim 7, characterised by that the carrying sleeves (9, 10) are connected to each.other with direct or indirect reinforcement (15).
PCT/HU2006/000013 2005-02-07 2006-02-06 Procedure and operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles WO2006082457A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU0500186A HUP0500186A2 (en) 2005-02-07 2005-02-07 Process and working mechanism for improving stability of a vehicle with two wheels
HUP0500186 2005-02-07

Publications (1)

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WO2006082457A1 true WO2006082457A1 (en) 2006-08-10

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PCT/HU2006/000013 WO2006082457A1 (en) 2005-02-07 2006-02-06 Procedure and operating mechanism for increasing the stability of two-wheeled vehicles

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WO (1) WO2006082457A1 (en)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB570439A (en) * 1943-07-30 1945-07-06 Leslie Mark Ballamy Improvements in or relating to steering mechanism, particularly for motor bicycles
US4082307A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-04-04 Robert John Tait Motorcycle suspension
US4650024A (en) * 1986-02-03 1987-03-17 Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Rear wheel steering device for motorcycles
DE3703736A1 (en) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-25 Wolfgang Fischer Mounting of a front-wheel fork on the fork head of a motor cycle
DE4318954A1 (en) * 1993-05-25 1994-12-01 Christian Dipl Ing Teubert Passive rear-wheel steering assembly for a motorcycle
WO1996003307A1 (en) * 1994-04-30 1996-02-08 MÜNCH, Martin Suspension fork of a wheel bearing for two-wheeled vehicles
US5967538A (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-10-19 Callaluca; Peter A. Adjustable motorcycle triple tree
US20030047930A1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2003-03-13 Mitsuo Nakagawa Vehicle
EP1386834A2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-02-04 Martin F. Wimmer Front wheel suspension system for vehicles having a single front wheel

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB570439A (en) * 1943-07-30 1945-07-06 Leslie Mark Ballamy Improvements in or relating to steering mechanism, particularly for motor bicycles
US4082307A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-04-04 Robert John Tait Motorcycle suspension
US4650024A (en) * 1986-02-03 1987-03-17 Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Rear wheel steering device for motorcycles
DE3703736A1 (en) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-25 Wolfgang Fischer Mounting of a front-wheel fork on the fork head of a motor cycle
DE4318954A1 (en) * 1993-05-25 1994-12-01 Christian Dipl Ing Teubert Passive rear-wheel steering assembly for a motorcycle
WO1996003307A1 (en) * 1994-04-30 1996-02-08 MÜNCH, Martin Suspension fork of a wheel bearing for two-wheeled vehicles
US5967538A (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-10-19 Callaluca; Peter A. Adjustable motorcycle triple tree
US20030047930A1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2003-03-13 Mitsuo Nakagawa Vehicle
EP1386834A2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-02-04 Martin F. Wimmer Front wheel suspension system for vehicles having a single front wheel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU0500186D0 (en) 2005-04-28
HUP0500186A2 (en) 2008-04-28

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