WO2006079309A1 - Verfahren zum testen einer abdichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum testen einer abdichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006079309A1 WO2006079309A1 PCT/DE2006/000044 DE2006000044W WO2006079309A1 WO 2006079309 A1 WO2006079309 A1 WO 2006079309A1 DE 2006000044 W DE2006000044 W DE 2006000044W WO 2006079309 A1 WO2006079309 A1 WO 2006079309A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plug
- rollers
- discharge vessel
- bearings
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/42—Measurement or testing during manufacture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/027—Specimens with holes or notches
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0274—Tubular or ring-shaped specimens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for testing a seal in high-pressure discharge lamps with a ceramic discharge vessel.
- the ceramic materials are evaluated with regard to their mechanical stability (resistance to crack formation) under the loading conditions prevailing during soldering of the electrodes, and corresponding critical load factors are determined.
- Ceramic is used as a translucent and heat-resistant material for the discharge vessel. This can be some advantages over the previously used discharge vessel made of quartz glass. Thus, e.g. the temperature increases in operation and thus the spectrum better adapted to the daylight. Ceramic metal halide lamps have little color dispersion because there are virtually no tolerances in the geometry during the manufacture of the ceramic containers. In addition, they retain their color temperature over the entire useful life, because no fillers can escape from the dense ceramic vessel.
- PCA ceramic materials
- a lamp with solder is known, for example, from WO 96/28839. Due to the thermal mismatch between discharge vessel and electrode material during soldering of the electrode pair into the tubular discharge vessel (see FIG. 1) during the cooling phase after switching off the lamp, the formation of residual stresses occurs.
- the tungsten electrodes are at approx. 1500 to 1600 0 C soldered into the plug of the discharge vessel (mostly far predominantly from PCA).
- the expansion coefficient of the discharge vessel is greater than that of the components of the electrode system to be tested, which normally includes the components - niobium, tungsten, molybdenum and / or metallic cermet.
- the plug thus shrinks on cooling to the electrode system and is therefore charged after the soldering in particular at the interface to the electrode by circumferentially oriented tensile stresses. These tensile stresses can eventually lead to the formation of axial cracks and thus the failure of the plug.
- multiple rollers may be used, advantageously two on each side.
- Particularly preferred are two rollers with a large distance on one side and two rollers with a small distance on the other side.
- the force is preferably exerted on one side by the two rollers with a small distance.
- a critical tensile stress for cracking in the plug can be determined by numerical load analysis from the compressive force at failure.
- the plugs are in particular designed as capillaries, integral with the discharge vessel or separately. This critical size can be used as a practicable measure of the mechanical stability of the plug and is thus suitable for comparing the quality of different batches or manufacturers of ceramic discharge vessels.
- the particular similarity regarding load condition and failure behavior during testing and soldering increases the relevance of the test results.
- the mechanical test requires relatively little effort and thus provides a convenient method for quality assessment.
- the inventive step lies in the development of a practical mechanical test method for assessing the mechanical stability of ceramic plugs under the loading conditions during the soldering process of the electrodes.
- Particularly noteworthy here is the targeted exploitation of the similarities of mechanical test and Einlötvorgang in terms of load condition and failure behavior. This concerns in particular the occurring in both cases circumferential tensile stresses on the inside of the plug and the formation of axial cracks.
- Figure 1 is a metal halide lamp in section
- Figure 2 is a method by which a defined compressive load can be applied to the plug
- FIG. 3 is a detailed explanation of the processes in the plug.
- Figure 4 is a detailed explanation of a second embodiment of the method.
- the discharge vessel 1 of a metal halide lamp is shown. It consists of polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 (PCA).
- PCA polycrystalline Al 2 O 3
- the plugs 2 are here attached integrally to the discharge vessel as capillaries, but they can of course also be separate parts.
- the feedthroughs 3 (made of, for example, niobium / molybdenum) are connected to the electrodes 4 (for example made of tungsten) and soldered in the plug to conventional glass solder (or ceramic) 5.
- a conventional metal halide filling is introduced into the discharge vessel Failure mechanism in the operation of the lamp are cracks in the axial direction, which begin at the inside of the plug.This is especially true on capillaries, so very elongated thin plug with a large ratio length: diameter. The cracks grow outward through the capillary and also after inside through the glass solder 5.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the realization of the test course.
- the process uses two plates 10, between which the plug 2 is inserted.
- pressure By applying pressure (arrows in the right half)) the necessary force to form cracks 11 in the stopper is determined.
- a single or separate stopper 2, with or without soldered electrode system, with a pressure pad of two parallel plates 10 are treated.
- the two plates 10 exert a pressure (arrows), which leads to increasing load in the plug 2 and finally forms cracks 11 in the plug.
- the electrode and the glass solder are not shown separately.
- FIG. 3 shows the stress ratios in the cross-section of the plug as a result of a load analysis.
- the test can approach state (unequipped with electrode system) on the plug 2 in Anliefe ⁇ or separately after separation an integral plug from the discharge vessel are performed.
- the critical load ie the force
- the plug fails Cracking 11
- the geometry of the plugs outer and inner diameters and the pressure loaded length.
- the elastic properties of the ceramic material of the discharge vessel must be known, in particular the value of the modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the deformability, and the Poisson's number.
- the analysis shows zones of high pressure near the contact points on the plates 10. The highest pressure is denoted by D4, the lowest by D1. on the inner radius of the plug 2, however, shows a tensile stress, also here with Z2 high train and with Z1 low train is indicated. Horizontal is still running a zone of low pressure D1.
- a modified test determining the 4-point bending strength is shown.
- the plates are replaced by an arrangement of roles.
- a support of two rollers 21 is used in a defined smaller distance B, which are arranged in the middle between the two lower rollers 20.
- the arrows symbolize the applied force of the two rollers 21 of the support to breakage.
- a typical crosshead speed is 0.2 to 1 mm / min.
- the strength ⁇ of the sample can then be calculated from the breaking force F if the outer diameter dA and the inner diameter d1 of the sample, that is to say the capillary 2, are known, since these two quantities are proportional to one another. It is also essential to know the clamping length SL, ie the distance between the rollers of the support and sub-bearing in the axial direction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112006000083T DE112006000083A5 (de) | 2005-01-27 | 2006-01-13 | Verfahren zum Testen einer Abdichtung |
| JP2007552496A JP4699481B2 (ja) | 2005-01-27 | 2006-01-13 | ランプのセラミック放電管の封止の品質試験方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005003892.1 | 2005-01-27 | ||
| DE200510003892 DE102005003892A1 (de) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Verfahren zum Testen einer Abdichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006079309A1 true WO2006079309A1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
Family
ID=36019622
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2006/000044 Ceased WO2006079309A1 (de) | 2005-01-27 | 2006-01-13 | Verfahren zum testen einer abdichtung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4699481B2 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102005003892A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006079309A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102854067B (zh) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-11-05 | 佛山市南海佛阳照明有限公司 | 多工位的灯泡耐压测试机 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530246A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1985-07-23 | Metal Box Public Limited Company | Method and apparatus for identifying fractured brittle articles |
| US20040007978A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2004-01-15 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Electrode surface treatment process |
| US20040150343A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-05 | Kiyoshi Takahashi | Method for manufacturing high-pressure discharge lamp, glass tube for high-pressure discharge lamp, and lamp element for high-pressure discharge lamp |
| US20040221657A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Brabender Ohg | Method and device for measuring plasticity of materials such as ceramic raw materials and masses |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3397145B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-18 | 2003-04-14 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | セラミック製ランプ |
| JP4416518B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2010-02-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | 高圧放電ランプの製造方法、高圧放電ランプ用ガラス管、および、高圧放電ランプ用ランプ部材 |
-
2005
- 2005-01-27 DE DE200510003892 patent/DE102005003892A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-01-13 WO PCT/DE2006/000044 patent/WO2006079309A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-13 DE DE112006000083T patent/DE112006000083A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-13 JP JP2007552496A patent/JP4699481B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530246A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1985-07-23 | Metal Box Public Limited Company | Method and apparatus for identifying fractured brittle articles |
| US20040007978A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2004-01-15 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Electrode surface treatment process |
| US20040150343A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-05 | Kiyoshi Takahashi | Method for manufacturing high-pressure discharge lamp, glass tube for high-pressure discharge lamp, and lamp element for high-pressure discharge lamp |
| US20040221657A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Brabender Ohg | Method and device for measuring plasticity of materials such as ceramic raw materials and masses |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112006000083A5 (de) | 2007-08-30 |
| DE102005003892A1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
| JP4699481B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 |
| JP2008528978A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
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